Grammar 101Spring 2012

National Taipei University

Instructor:Jully Yin

Meeting Room: Room 209

Instructor Profile

• Ms. Jully Yin has been instructing at National Taipei University since 2011.

• Education:  Ms. Jully Yin has obtained the graduation diploma from California State University, Dominguez Hills, and completed courses of teaching credentials in California State University, Long Beach.

• Belief: Ms. Jully Yin believes everyone can learn well. If he/she can’t, it is the teacher’s fault.

Meeting DatesThe following dates represent the

2012 meeting schedule for the Grammar 101 :1. Thursday, Mar. 8th 1pm to 4pm2. Thursday, Mar. 15th 1pm to 4pm3. Thursday, Mar. 22nd 1pm to 4pm4. Thursday, Mar. 29th 1pm to 4pm5. Thursday, April. 5th 1pm to 4pm6. Thursday, April. 12th 1pm to 4pm7. Thursday, April. 19th 1pm to 4pm

Meeting Dates

The following dates represent the 2012 meeting schedule for the

Grammar 101 :

8. Thursday, May 3rd 1pm to 4pm9. Thursday, May 10th 1pm to 4pm10.Thursday, May 17th 1pm to 4pm11.Thursday, May 24th 1pm to 4pm12.Thursday, May 31st 1pm to 4pm

Office Hours

• Currently, the instructor does not have the office hours open on campus. However, the students of this workshop can still reach the instructor if there is any questions need to be answered.

• How to reach the instructor: jullyyin@gmail.com

Curriculum• To help students review the basic

speech parts in English, National Taipei University offers the Grammar 101 Spring 2012.

• In this workshop, students will learn the speech parts and structures of English language. Also, lecturer will work with the students with fundamental grammars of English language.

Course Outline1.Parts of Speech (overview and works specifically on Noun, Verb, and Adj.)2.Parts of Speech (works specifically on Adv., Int.,Prep., Conj. and Pron.)3.Sentence Functions (Declarative , Exclamatory , Interrogative, and  Imperative )4.Sentence Structures (Simple, Compound, Complex and Compound-complex)5.PUNCTUATION & BASIC MECHANICS6.modal and Auxiliary7.subject-verb agreement8.Time and Tenses9. Time and Tenses10. Time and Tenses11. Vocabulary Bank (stem, prefix, infix, and suffix)12.common mistakes in English writing

Good afternoon!!

Case study

http://thegrammarexchange.infopop.cc/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/340600179/m/7311036453

Meeting Six: Modal verbs and Auxiliary

Open discussion:What is modal verb?Can you 5 modal verbs in modern English?

Meeting Six: Modal and Auxiliary

Open discussion:What is auxiliary?Can you 3 auxiliaries in modern English?

Ice Breaker

Why do people talk?What are the criteria in a language?

Three Criteria of Language

Structural SemanticFunctional

Think about it!

*My dad is a stewardess.

*My mom a stewardess.

*Would you like to give me 10 dollars?

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs.

Modal Verbs vs. Normal Verbs

Example:

1. He speaks Chinese.

2. He did not speak Chinese.

3. She studied very hard.

Normal Verbs

1. takes "-s" in the third person.

2. You use “do not”, “does not”, or “did not” to make modal verbs negative in Simple Present and Simple Past.

3. can be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.

Modal Verbs vs. Normal Verbs

Modal Verbs

1. do not take "-s" in the third person.

2. use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past.

3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.

Example:

1. *He cans speak Chinese.

2. *He did not should be late.

3. *•She musted study very hard.

Common Modal Verbs

Can Could May Might Must Ought to Shall Should Will Would

Common Phrasal Modal Verbs

Be able to Be going toBe about toHave toHave got toBe to Be supposed to Used to Be allowed toBe permitted to

Tense or Modal

John is a teacher.

John may be a teacher.

The Meaning of Modal

When using a modal, the language users interject their own perspective and view a proposition more subjectively than when they simply use present or past tense.

Why Modal

To give a proposition a degree of probabilityTo express one’s attitudeTo perform various social functions

To express politeness To express indirectness when making requestsTo give adviceTo grant permission

The Functions of Modals

An epistemic meaning expressing logical probability (logical probability)A deontic function expressing a use relate to social interaction (social interaction)

Logical Probability

PredictionProbabilityNecessity

Social InteractionMaking requestsGiving advice

Other Modals and Modal-like forms

Potential realizationCan, be able to

DesireWould like to

Offer/InvitationWould you like to

PreferenceWould rather X than Y, would prefer to

Potential realizationAbility for animate subjects

I can speak Chinese.My dog is able to jump on the bed.

Potentiality for inanimate subjects

This business can be recognized.

DesireI would like an apple.I would like to live in California.I would like to work at Disneyland.

Offer/InvitationWould you like some tea?Would you like to dance?

PreferenceI would rather stay at home than at school. I would prefer to go to work instead of idling.

ESL EFL Users Errors

*I will prefer to stay here.*Will you like some cake?

Group Discussion: Why the above sentences are not grammatically / semantic right?

Another Review of ModalAbilityRequestsPermissionDesiresPossibilityAdviceNecessity

Ability: Can, Could

In 2001, I can’t / couldn’t swim. I took swimming lessons. Now I can / could swim.

Requests: Will, Would, Can, Could

Would you please open the door?

How to respond to this type of questions?

Yes: Certainly. Of course. Sure. No problem.No: I can’t. I couldn’t. I’m sorry.

Permission

Can she drive safely?Can we start the test?Could I come in?May I use the computer now?Could he speak Spanish last year?

Desires

Would you like some tea?

How to respond to this type of questions?

Yes: Yes, please. Yes, I would.No: No, thank you. No, I’d rather not.

Possibility

Would it rain tomorrow?

How to respond to this type of questions?

Yes: It may. It is going to rain.No: It may not. (*No, it may not.)

Advice

Shall we dance?*Ought we dance?

How to respond to this type of questions?

Yes: Yes. (Yes,you should.)No: No. (No, you shouldn’t.)

Necessity

Have to vs. Must

Can you tell the difference?

I have to study.I must study.

Have to

To express a strong obligation

Must

Some personal circumstance makes the obligation necessary (and the speaker almost certainly agrees with the obligation.)

Auxiliary verbs

In linguistics, an auxiliary verb is a verb that gives further semantic or syntactic information about a main or full verb.

What do auxiliary verbs do in English?

To form Passive VoiceTo form Progressive AspectTo form Perfect AspectTo emphasize

To form Passive Voice

Be + P.P.

Is “Be” a Modal or an Auxiliary?

To form Progressive Aspect

Be + V-ing

Is “Be” a Modal or an Auxiliary?

To form Perfect Aspect

have + P.P.

Is “have” a Modal or an Auxiliary?

Conclusion

Modal verbs are not Be verbs

Be verbs are auxiliary verbs.

Some other helping verbs are functioning as auxiliary verbs.

Modals are not auxiliary verbs.

Wanna learn more?

http://ajaja.paradoxinc.org/Basic/Grammar/Modals.html