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ENERGYENERGY TRANSFORMATIONSTRANSFORMATIONS

Welcome to Yerkes Observatory and the 2008 Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics (KICP) Yerkes Summer Institute!

Tonight we will begin an exciting week of investigating Energy. We will begin with a star party tonight on the South Lawn hosted by the Milwaukee Astronomical Society.

Throughout the week we will explore many different aspects Energy. After this week of studying, creating, and transforming energy in its many forms, you will make a presentation to your family and fellow students about the new knowledge that you have discovered.

During the day on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday we will focus on three daytime laboratories, each of which explores a different aspect of energy (see lab summary descriptions). You will be divided into three groups (EARTH, WIND, and FIRE). Each group will devote an entire day to each day lab, however the groups will cycle through the labs in a different order. By the end of the day on Tuesday, each group will have investigated all three of the day labs.

On Wednesday, you will be “Mixed-Up” into three new groups in which you will become experts in one of the day labs. Later in the week we will have a “Jigsaw” session in which a few people from each “mixed-up” group will present their laboratory to the rest of the students.

During the evenings you will do experiments that take advantage of the clear skies and the wonderful telescopes at Yerkes Observatory.

Every day there will be special writing exercises based on your experiences. Each night after dinner you will have a Wrap-Up session in which you will review that day’s activities with your peers and the instructors. After the wrap-up you will be asked to write a short essay in response to some Big Questions about the lab that you and your peers just wrapped up. These short essays will be in addition to your laboratory summaries and will be reviewed each night.

Here’s to an energetic week!

2008 Yerkes Summer Institute Schedule (rev July18)

Mapby George Shove.()

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Nicolas Bion, "Figure des Tourbillons Celestes" from L'usage des Globes céleste et terrestre et des spheres. Paris, 1744 or 1751 (AdPlanetarium).

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2008 KICP Yerkes Summer Institute Format

Day Laboratories There are three in-depth, day-long investigations. Each of you will be assigned to one of three groups (EARTH, WIND, or FIRE), and with that group you will have the opportunity to explore each day laboratory. Please use your schedules (beginning on page viii) to identify where you should report.

Night Laboratories The night laboratories take advantage of our location at an observatory, but often depend on clear skies. Nighttime plans will be decided each day and need to remain flexible.

Mixed-Up Groups Each of the three groups will be reorganized (“mixed-up”) to recap and explore one daytime lab in greater depth. This time is an opportunity to clarify concepts, solidify your understanding, and become an expert on the topics of a particular lab. Each “mixed-up” group will also present the lab they explore to the parents and other visitors at the end of the institute. Please use your schedules to identify your mixed-up group. The mixed-up group assignments can be found on page x.

Jigsaw Session After your mixed-up group has come to some preliminary conclusions, you will have a chance to share those findings with half of your peers. Your mixed-up group will be divided into a #1 group and a #2 group that will then meet with other 1’s or 2’s from the other mixed-up groups. Each of you will share with your peers the results and conclusions at which your mixed-up group has arrived. Other members of your Jigsaw group will listen to you, ask questions, and make comments and suggestions. You will do the same for them when they share their group’s findings. Please use your schedules to identify which Jigsaw group you have been assigned to. The Jigsaw schedule can be found on page x.

NOTE: YOU SHOULD NOT ENGAGE IN ANY PERSONAL CRITICISM OF INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATIONS. IN OTHER WORDS, YOU SHOULD NOT SAY THAT SOMEONE WAS TOO QUIET, OR SOMEONE TALKED TOO SOFTLY, OR SOMEONE SAID TOO MUCH. COMMENT ONLY CONSTRUCTIVELY ON THE CONTENT.

Parent Investigations On Thursday evening your parents and other visitors will participate in an open house. This time is your chance to share what you have learned over the course of the week. Think of ways to incorporate the visitors and your parents into your Mixed-Up group’s lab. Your group presentation should give the visitors an overview of your experiment and allow them to experience first-hand as much of your investigation as possible. Mixed-Up groups will work together for the presentations.

Lab Notebooks Use your lab notebooks to record your observations, to make note of any questions you might have, and to respond to questions posed during labs. After each lab, write a brief summary of your experience.

Writing Sessions In addition to documenting your activities in your laboratory notebook, we will have special sessions in which you will focus on communicating your ideas through writing and through public speaking. (see pages 5-10)Summary Daytime Laboratory Descriptions:

Day Laboratory-1

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Some Like It Hot (Zosia Krusberg, Christopher Thom, Bill Fisher, & Florin Ionita)

Have you ever wondered how energy is transferred from one place to another?   How energy makes it across the millions of miles separating the Sun and the Earth? How the flow of energy is controlled by windows and clothes? How energy is transferred in bulk movement across homes, oceans, and the atmosphere? In this lab, we will explore energy transfer in all forms, from the fundamental physics you will need to understand energy transfer, to the applications of energy transfer in everything from energy efficiency in your home to energy transfer in ultra-energetic astrophysical events!

Day Laboratory-2Solar Power (Alissa Bans, Yen-Jin Kim, Matt Bayliss, & Amol Upadhye)

The sun is a tremendous source of energy. It provides the gravitational pull that keeps the planets in orbit, the heat that infiltrates our earth, and the light that has given us sight. Imagine if we could harness all the energy the sun had to give: the energy that the sun gives off in just one hour could supply the world's energy need for a whole year! In this lab we will explore how to trap heat from the sun, how the sun's energy can be converted to chemical energy (via photosynthesis), and even how the sun's energy can be turned into electricity, something we surely use everyday! By the end of this lab you will understand how the earth obtains energy from the sun in nature, and how innovation and technology have enabled us to capture the sun's energy to use in our daily lives.

Day Laboratory-3 Turn The Crank (Chris Kelso, Robert Friedman, Reid Sherman, & Nick Halmagyi)

In this lab you will construct your own device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy: a simple DC motor. In this process you will learn all the basic principles that go into designing any type of motor. We will then turn the tables and you will investigate two methods that utilize a process called electromagnetic induction, where mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Tying in with the sustainability theme, both these methods will be pollution free. In the first method, you are going to use your awesome leg power to generate electricity by cycling a bike. Then we are going to divide up into teams of two and build a windmill. The wind will turn the blades on the windmill and then this kinetic energy is again going to be converted into electricity.

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Summary Nighttime Laboratory Descriptions:

Night Laboratory-1NIGHT-1 (INSTRUCTOR_N1)

PARAGRAPH

Night Laboratory-2NIGHT-2 (INSTRUCTOR_N2)

PARAGRAPH

Night Laboratory-3 NIGHT-3(INSTRUCTOR_N3)

PARAGRAPH.

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A picture of the Mariner 10 spacecraft, which single-handedly mapped almost half of the surface of Mercury in 1973. Credit: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1973-085A

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Group Names Background

Group 1 –EARTH Not only a solid place for us to stand, but also a giant battery, storing and moving around energy in many different ways.  In its formation, the earth stored some of the gravitational potential energy released when the bits and pieces fell together.  This energy is still observable as the earth's rotational energy and the thermal energy of the hot core of the earth.  The earth also has nuclear energy in some radioactive isotopes that were part of the rocks and dust that formed the earth.  The earth also stores a lot of energy from the sunlight hitting it by heating up the ground, evaporating water, and growing plants, and this is how we get all sorts of energy, from electricity generation to food.

Group 2 –WIND

Wind can be annoying or refreshing, and it's also been source of energy to run human-built machines for centuries.  Caused by the heating of the air differently on different spots on earth and by the earth's rotation, there are constant "trade wind" patterns as well as the unpredictable gusts, and these

constant flows of air across the earth have kinetic energy in their motion, which can be captured to run windmills, and more recently can be converted to electricity to run modern life.  The wind is one of the most promising ideas for the development of an environmentally sustainable economy. Image source http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11750614

Group 3 –FIRE

Much of the energy from the sun is bound up in organic (carbon-oxygen-hydrogen) compounds, and the easiest and fastest way to release that energy is with fire.  Fire is one of the foundations of civilization, and burning plants (usually fossilized into coal or natural gas or petroleum) is the main source of electricity and

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transportation in our modern world.  Right now we are burning through millions of years of stored energy very quickly, and will soon run out.  Fire will always play an important role in our energy future, but to be sustainable we will have to only burn plants that we can regrow. Source http://www.appliancist.com/john-t-unger-portable-fire-pits.jpg

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Instructor Day Lab Night Lab LocationAlissa Bans Solar Power

Moon +SOUTH BLD

Matt Bayliss Solar PowerMulti wavelength

SOUTH BLD

Charles BrassKyle CudworthBill Fisher Some Like It

HotBATTLESHIP

Robert Friedman

Turn the Crank

BASEMENT

Nick Halmagyi

Turn the Crank

BASEMENT

Vivian Hoettefionita@uchicago.edu

Florin Ionita Some Like It Hot

BATTLESHIP

Jon Jezak Writing

Chris KelsoTurn the Crank

BASEMENT

Yeun-Jin Kim Solar Power SOUTH BLDRich KronZosia Krusberg

Some Like It Hot

BATTLESHIP

(a) (b) (c)(d) (e)  Randy LandsbergReid Sherman

Turn the Crank

BASEMENT

Some Like It HotSolar PowerSolar Power

(f)

(g) (h) (i) (j) (k)  Chris Thom Some Like It

HotBATTLESHIP

Amol Upadhye Solar Power

SOUTH BLD

Phil WisecupSchedule Overview

SaturdayAugust 2

SundayAugust 3

MondayAugust 4

TuesdayAugust 5

WednesdayAugust 6

(Mixed-Up & Jigsaw)

ThursdayAugust 7

(Mixed-up & Prep)

FridayAugust 8

9-11 AM Day Day DayMixed-up Group

WorkMixed-up Group

WorkClean-up

2008 Yerkes Summer Institute Schedule (rev July18)

SCHEDULES2008 KICP Space Explorers Yerkes Summer Institute

Saturday, August 2 – Friday, August 8, 2008

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Labs Labs Labs 11 - 11:30 AMLeadership

11:45-1 PM LUNCH

1:30-4:30 PM DayLabs

continued

DayLabs

continued

DayLabs

continued

1:30 - 2:30 PMMixed-up Group

Work

Preparation for Parent Investigation in Mixed-up Group

4 PM STAFF MEETING

3 – 5 PMJigsaw Session

4:30-5:00 PM Staff Meeting5:15 – 6:30PM DINNER7:00- 8PM 7:30 - 8 PM

Leadership Meeting

AM Wrap Up/Writing

AM Wrap Up/Writing

AM Wrap Up/Writing Mixed-up Group

Work(or bad weather PM lab make up time)

Preparation for Parent

Investigations (cont.)8:00-10:30 PM 8 PM

Welcome & PM Labs PM Labs PM Labs

8 -10 PMParent

Investigations& ClosingSTAR PARTY

DAY LAB ROTATIONS SOME LIKE IT HOT SOLAR POWER TURN THE CRANK

Sunday Aug. 3 EARTH WIND FIREMonday Aug. 4 WIND FIRE EARTHTuesday Aug. 5 FIRE EARTH WIND

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DAY LAB ROTATIONS EARTH WIND FIRESunday Aug. 3 SOME LIKE IT HOT SOLAR POWER TURN THE CRANKMonday Aug. 4 TURN THE CRANK SOME LIKE IT HOT SOLAR POWERTuesday Aug. 5 SOLAR POWER TURN THE CRANK SOME LIKE IT HOT

Groups EARTH

NAME * grade

WINDName Grade

FIREName Grade

(* = Leadership)

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MIXED-UP LAB ASSIGNMENTS SOME LIKE IT

HOT SOLAR POWER TURN THE

CRANK

NAME* NAME NAME

JIGSAW 1 JIGSAW 2NAME NAME

(* = Leadership)

2008 Yerkes Summer Institute Schedule (rev July18)

NAME ----GRADE (use other)

x

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EARTH Lab Rotation (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday)

When What Where WhoSunday Aug. 3Day Lab SOME LIKE IT HOT BATTLESHIP Zosia Krusberg &

Christopher Thom, Bill Fisher, Florin Ionita

Night Lab8 - 10:30 PM

To be determined

Monday Aug. 4Day Lab TURN THE CRANK BASEMENT Chris Kelso, Robert

Friedman, Reid Sherman, & Nick Halmagyi

Night Lab8 - 10:30 PM

To be determined

Tuesday Aug. 5Day Lab SOLAR POWER SOUTH

BUILDINGAlissa Bans, Yen-Jin Kim, Matt Bayliss, & Amol Upadhye

Night Lab8 - 10:30 PM

To be determined

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WIND Lab Rotation (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday)

When What Where WhoSunday Aug. 3Day Lab SOLAR POWER SOUTH

BUILDINGAlissa Bans, Yen-Jin Kim, Matt Bayliss, & Amol Upadhye

Night Lab8 - 10:30 PM

To be determined

Monday Aug. 4Day Lab SOME LIKE IT HOT BATTLESHIP Zosia Krusberg

Christopher Thom, Bill Fisher, & Florian Ionita

Night Lab8 - 10:30 PM

To be determined

Tuesday Aug. 5Day Lab TURN THE CRANK BASEMENT Chris Kelso, Robert

Friedman, Reid Sherman, & Nick Halmagyi

Night Lab8 - 10:30 PM

To be determined

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name grade

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FIRE Lab Rotation (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday)

When What Where WhoSunday Aug. 3Day Lab TURN THE CRANK BASEMENT Chris Kelso, Robert

Friedman, Reid Sherman, & Nick Halmagyi

Night Lab8 - 10:30 PM

To be determined

Monday Aug. 4Day Lab SOLAR POWER SOUTH

BUILDINGAlissa Bans, Yen-Jin Kim, Matt Bayliss, & Amol Upadhye

Night Lab8 - 10:30 PM

To be determined

Tuesday Aug. 5Day Lab SOME LIKE IT HOT BATTLESHIP Zosia Krusberg

Christopher Thom, Bill Fisher, & Florian Ionita

Night Lab8 - 10:30 PM

To be determined

2008 Yerkes Summer Institute Schedule (rev July18)

name grade

xiii