INSTRUCTIONS

Take a map from the back bookshelf

Grab a U.S. History book on the right table by the pencil sharpener

Label the front of the map based on the items listed on the back

Use the maps in chapter 6 and maps A6 and A8 in the back of the book

U.S. HISTORY

CHAPTER 6-1

WASHINGTON HEADS THE NEW

GOVERNMENT

A NEW GOVERNMENT TAKES SHAPE

Washington was the unanimous choice to be the first President

Washington and Congress established several precedents (examples) for future leaders to follow

THE JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789

The Constitution authorized Congress to set up a federal court system, headed by a Supreme Court

In 1789, Congress passed the Judiciary Act

It set up the Supreme Court, headed by a Chief Justice

THE JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789 It also set up federal courts

throughout the country

Section 25 of the Act allowed state court decisions to be appealed to federal courts over constitutional issues

This guaranteed the supremacy of federal laws over state laws on certain issues

WASHINGTON SHAPESTHE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

Congress set up 3 executive departments in 1789 to help run the government:

1) The Department of State to handle foreign affairs

2) The Department of Treasury to handle the nation’s finances

3) The Department of War to manage the military

Congress also created the attorney general to handle the government’s legal matters

WASHINGTON SHAPESTHE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

Washington appointed:

1) Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State

2) Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of Treasury

3) Henry Knox as Secretary of War

4) Edmund Randolph as Attorney General

WASHINGTON SHAPESTHE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

From these departments Washington set up what became known as the cabinet

This is a group of advisers to the President chosen from the department heads

WASHINGTON SHAPESTHE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

The Constitution states that the president has the power to make treaties and appoint government officials

It is silent, however, on how they are approved by Congress

Washington established the precedent that the Senate could:

1) Approve presidential appointees, but not remove them

2) Ratify or reject treaties only after they were made

WASHINGTON SHAPESTHE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

Washington led the legislative battle, urging Congress to pass laws he believed in the public interest

Congress almost always followed his lead

This precedent was followed by Washington’s successors, making the President the Chief Legislator

WARM-UPTake a copy of Reteach 8-1

On a separate piece of paper answer the questions in the chart, number 1-15. Do not write on the worksheet.

Hold on to your papers and put the worksheet in the basket on the back bookshelf

You have ten minutes to do this

HAMILTON’S ECONOMIC PLAN

The nation had a large national debt from the Revolutionary War

The Continental Congress had borrowed money from foreign governments and private citizens

The national government was responsible for 2/3rds of this debt

The states were responsible for 1/3

HAMILTON’S ECONOMIC PLAN Secretary of Treasury Hamilton proposed

the federal government:1)Pay off its foreign debt2)Assume the debts of the states

Hamilton felt assuming the debts of the states would give creditors an incentive to support the new government

Some southern states objected to this as they:

1)had already paid their debts 2)didn’t want to pay for northern debts

HAMILTON’S ECONOMIC PLAN

To win support for his debt plan, Hamilton suggested moving the nation’s capital from New York City to a new city in the South

In 1790, Congress passed a debt bill, which:

1)Had the federal government take over state debts

2)Authorized the construction of a new national capital in the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)

PLAN FOR A NATIONAL BANK

Hamilton also wanted to create the Bank of the United States, funded by both the federal government and wealthy investors

He felt this would tie wealthy investors to the country’s welfare

The bank would issue paper money and handle tax receipts and other government funds

PLAN FOR A NATIONAL BANK

The National Bank’s chief opponents were Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

They based their opposition to the National Bank not being an enumerated power Enumerated Power - Power

specifically mentioned in the Constitution

PLAN FOR A NATIONAL BANK

Hamilton believed that the National Bank was legal based on implied powers

Implied Powers - Power suggested, but not directly stated in the Constitution

He used the Elastic Clause of the Constitution to back up his argument

PLAN FOR A NATIONAL BANK

It states, Congress shall have the power “To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested in this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.”

This gives Congress the authority to do whatever is “necessary and proper” to carry out its specific enumerated powers

In the end Congress and Washington sided with Hamilton and signed the Bank Bill, establishing the Bank of the United States

HAMILTON & JEFFERSON DEBATE The political divisions in

the nation were embodied in Washington’s cabinet by Hamilton and Jefferson

Hamilton believed in:1) A strong federal

government2) Government run by the

educated upper-class3) An economy based on

commerce & industry

HAMILTON & JEFFERSON DEBATE

Jefferson believed in:1)Strong state

and local governments

2)Government rooted in popular participation

3)An economy based on farming

THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES

Differences between Hamilton and Jefferson gave rise to the nation’s first political parties

These parties formed around the issue of the power and size of the federal government in relation to state and local governments

THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES

Those who supported Hamilton called themselves Federalists

They believed in a strong federal government

Those who supported Jefferson called themselves Democratic-Republicans

They believed in strong state governments

THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES

Washington worried political parties were a danger to national unity

By the time Washington left office, however, the two-party system was firmly established

THE WHISKEY REBELLION

To pay off the nation’s debt, Congress passed a protective tariff in 1789

Protective Tariff - A tax on imports to protect products from foreign competition

Hamilton also wanted an excise tax Excise tax - Tax paid by the manufacturer of

a product and passed on to those who buy

Congress passed the first excise tax in 1791 on Whiskey

THE WHISKEY REBELLION

Most whiskey producers were small frontier farmers

As whiskey was their main source of cash, in 1794, farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax

THE WHISKEY REBELLION They beat up a federal

marshal in Pittsburgh, and tarred and feathered others

Washington personally lead the Army and suppressed the rebellion

The Whiskey Rebellion showed the consolidation of federal power in domestic (within the U.S.) affairs