Instructional Content & Digital Rights Management11/5/2015 Digital Rights Management 10 The Digital...
Transcript of Instructional Content & Digital Rights Management11/5/2015 Digital Rights Management 10 The Digital...
Instructional Content & Digital
Rights Management The Role of Digital Rights Management in
Kentucky
Regina Hirn, Kentucky Accessible Materials Database
Marlene Parish, Kentucky Accessible Materials Database
11/5/2015 Digital Rights Management 2
Goals
What does digital rights management involve?
What are the roles and responsibilities of a Digital
Rights Manager (DRM)?
What are the federal eligibility regulations that impact
the use of digital content?
What does the future hold for digital instructional
materials?
What is Digital Content?
Definition: Text, images, audio, and video that has
been digitized; collection of reusable learning assets
Purposes/Benefits
Flexible (re-size; highlight; change font, color, style; read by
screen/text reader; transform into alternate media)
Reusable
Dynamic
Interactive
Engaging
Customizable
Equitable access to the curriculum 11/5/2015 3 Digital Rights Management
Why is file format important?
Assistive technology can “read” a limited
number of file formats
Text embedded in images is not accessible
Some formats are proprietary (only work
within one program)
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Readable text formats:
Internet Explorer (.html)
Word (.doc or .rtf)
Adobe (.pdf)
Text (.txt)
Daisy 11/5/2015 5 Digital Rights Management
Other formats:
Images - .jpeg .bmp .gif
Audio/visual - .mp3 .mpeg
Proprietary
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Digital Content vs. Accessible Digital Content
Locked vs. Unlocked Files – study by the American Association of the Blind found that more than 50% of electronic book titles offered for digital sale were “locked” and therefore not available to common screen reader software
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998 – prevents the “circumvention of technological measures used by copyright owners to protect their works” and “tampering with copyright management information”; includes unauthorized access and unauthorized copying of copyrighted works
Accessible Content - next generation digital content offering built in scaffolding (i.e. audio, maps, questioning, video, images, etc) that can be accessed by the student at any time and does not require the teacher to do extra work differentiating the material
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What does ‘accessible’ mean?
Accessible Digital Curriculum
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Accessible
Textbooks
IDEA:
NIMAS
Accessible
Technology
ADA:
Section 508
How Will This Help Students and
Teachers? Students with disabilities have increased access
to the general curriculum
Students can work more independently
Less staff time needed to provide reading accommodations
Supports student inclusion in general education settings
Text-to-speech compliments traditional reading instruction
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What is Digital Rights Management?
A system to protect digital assets and to control
the distribution and usage of those digital assets.
“DRM technology is to control access to, track
and limit uses of digital works”
- American Library Association
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The Digital Rights Manager (DRM)
Staff member designated annually by the
school principal to request, receive, and
track the usage of copyrighted accessible
digital materials for students with print
disabilities
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Who should be a DRM?
Library Media Specialist,
Special Ed Teacher,
Regular Ed Teacher,
School Technology Coordinator, or
Principal
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Responsibilities of the DRM Identify and request digital content from KAMD
Receive and log requested content; maintain documentation regarding student eligibility
Disseminate copyrighted digital content to teachers of qualifying student user on an “as needed” basis; unused files must be store in a secure location
Maintain Digital Textbook Usage Tracking Form
Ensure teacher and student copyright compliance
Files are not being copied on computers
Content is not being provided to students who are not qualified or being posted to the internet
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What are the issues?
Copyright compliance
Fair Use (using digital content for purposes such
as research, teaching, criticism, review, or news
reporting is not an infringement of copyright)
Inventory Maintenance
Access control
IDEA 2004 and NIMAS
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Monitoring Copyright Compliance
Electronic materials (CDs) only issued to
authorized DRMs
Each CD has a unique identifier embedded to
track any unauthorized release or use
Improper school use of KAMD material will
result in termination of access to KAMD and
possible penalties related to copyright
infringement
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Other copyright requirements in KY
Copyrighted materials (i.e.,CDs) may not be reproduced or distributed to non-authorized users (i.e., students without disabilities)
Only students with print disabilities covered under federal law may use copyrighted materials on CD from KAMD
Use of CDs cannot replace purchase of textbooks
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IDEA 2004 and NIMAS
What is NIMAS?
The National Instructional Materials Accessibility
Standard
NIMAS outlines a set of consistent and valid XML-
based source files created by K–12 curriculum
publishers or other content producers.
NIMAS is the standard that publishers now use when
creating source files of digital content used for
conversion into specialized formats, such as;
Braille, Large Print, HTML, PDF, Audio/MP3
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What is the NIMAC?
(Part D, Sec. 674)
• Establish and support, through the APH, a center to be known
as the 'National Instructional Materials Access Center' not later
than 1 year after IDEA 2004 (OverDrive)
• Receive and maintain a catalog of NIMAS print instructional
materials
• Provide access to print instructional materials in accessible
media (source files)
• Develop procedures to protect against copyright infringement.
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Why is the NIMAC important ?
Supports copyright indemnification for publishers
Helps to develop a national bank of source files
More economical
Reduces duplication of effort
Improved quality of accessible student products
Supports existing systems while improving timeliness
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The NIMAS Process
1—
SEAs &
LEAs
“adoption”
2—
K-12 publishers
submit file sets
3—
NIMAC does
its magic!
4—
Authorized
users prepare
specialized
formats for
children 5—
Guess
what
happens
here.
Produced by NICHCY, 2007
The NIMAS Process
1—
SEAs &
LEAs
“adoption”
2—
K-12 publishers
submit file sets
3—
NIMAC does
its magic!
4—
Authorized
users prepare
specialized
formats for
children
Produced by NICHCY, 2007
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NIMAS Responsibilities
SEA: textbook adoption process, Kentucky statute
and regulations
LEA: off-list adoption process, documentation of
print disability
Publisher: file upload to NIMAC
CIIDL: file download and conversion to student-
ready digital format; duplication and delivery to
schools upon request
KSB: assign conversion to AMP for braille and large
print 11/5/2015 24 Digital Rights Management
What do you mean “conversion to student
ready digital format”?
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Print Version
Raw NIMAS File <p class="pagenum" id="p74">Page 74</p><p><a class="pageHyperlink"
href="bodymatter.htm#p73">Previous page:
73</a> | <a class="pageHyperlink"
href="bodymatter.htm#p75">Next page: 75</a></p></div><a
name="1185"></a><h3 id="1185">Everyday Magnets</h3><p>Many things
use magnetic force to help them work.</p><p>Computer games have
magnetsin them.</p><p>Magnets help keep refrigerator doors
closed.</p><p>Some toy cars have magnets in them.</p><p>The magnets
make their motors run.</p><div class="imggroup"><img
src=".\images\U00C04\965502-0074-01.jpg" alt="Can" id="p965502-0074-
01"></img><p class="caption"><strong>A can opener cuts the lid of a can. A
magnet lifts the lid off the can.</strong></p></div><div>
11/5/2015 Digital Rights Management 26
Student Ready Digital Format
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Standardizes production of accessible
curriculum materials.
Establishes concept of universally designed
curriculum materials
Helps to move “Market Model” further into
reality of publishers.
Benefits of NIMAS
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Benefit of NIMAS Digital content can be “tagged” and read by
consumer technology such as laptop
computers or MP3 players.
….The summer evenings
were long. It was not
dark,… Tom Sawyer
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Who qualifies for use?
The definition used within IDEA 2004:
“Blind or other persons with print disabilities”
Children served under IDEA who may qualify in accordance with the act entitled, “An Act to provide books for the adult blind,” approved March 31, 1931 (2 U.S.C. 135a; 46 Stat. 1487) to receive books and other publications produced in specialized formats [674(e)(3)(A)].
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OSEP NIMAS Regulations Summary
"(i) Blind persons whose visual acuity, as determined by competent authority, is 20/200 or less in the better eye with correcting glasses, or whose widest diameter if visual field subtends an angular distance no greater than 20 degrees.
(ii) Persons whose visual disability, with correction and regardless of optical measurement, is certified by competent authority as preventing the reading of standard printed material.
http://nimas.cast.org/about/regulations/osep_summary.html
Who qualifies for use?
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(iii) Persons certified by competent authority as unable to read or unable to use standard printed material as a result of physical limitations.
(iv) Persons certified by competent authority as having a reading disability resulting from organic dysfunction and of sufficient severity to prevent their reading printed material in a normal manner."
Who qualifies for use? (cont.)
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What does “organic dysfunction” mean?
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From the Library of Congress’ National Library Service for the
Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) :
“Nonorganic factors--such as emotional or environmental causes,
intellectual or educational deficiencies, or other possible
nonorganic or nonphysical causes--must be ruled out and cannot be
taken into consideration. When certifying applications for service
for persons with reading disabilities, certifying medical authorities
are encouraged to consult with colleagues in associated
disciplines.”
What is a “competent authority”?
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From the Library of Congress’ National Library Service
for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) :
“The signature of a doctor of medicine is required by
federal regulation on the application to certify not only
that a reading disability exists and is serious enough to
prevent reading regular printed material in a normal
manner, but also that the identified condition has a
physical basis.”
Options for students who do not qualify:
Purchase from publishers who offer
instructional materials in an accessible digital
format
Identify sources of freely available accessible
curriculum materials
Purchase audio book
Use alternate text
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DRM Resources
NIMAS Question and Answers
www.louisville.edu/education/ciidl
NIMAC
http://www.nimac.us/
NIMAS
http://nimas.cast.org/about/resources/index.html
KAMD
http://apps.kde.state.ky.us/kamd/ 11/5/2015 36 Digital Rights Management
Other Digital Resources
“Accessible Textbooks in the Classroom” NIMAS
report
http://nimas.cast.org/downloads/NIMAS-
Accessible_Textbooks_in_the_Classroom.doc
Teaching Every Student Blog (June 11, 2007)
http://www.teachingeverystudent.blogspot.com/
CAST UDL Bookbuilder
http://bookbuilder.cast.org/
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