Institutions of American Government Module 4.3: The Bureaucracy Section 4: Classes of Federal...
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Transcript of Institutions of American Government Module 4.3: The Bureaucracy Section 4: Classes of Federal...
Institutions of American Government
Module 4.3: The BureaucracySection 4: Classes of Federal Bureaucracy
The Federal Bureaucracy in 1789
PotUS
Sec. of State Attorney General Postmaster General
VPotUS
Sec. of TreasurySec. of War
The Federal Bureaucracy Today
Cabinet Departments
• “Main Line” executive departments
• Created/funded by Congress
• Usually headed by a secretary
• Secretary appointed by PotUS, confirmed by Senate
• Reports to PotUS
• Administers broad areas of public policy
Cabinet OrganizationSecretary
Assistant Sec’y 1 Assistant Sec’y 2 Assistant Sec’y 3
Deputy Secretary 1
Deputy Secretary 2
Deputy Secretary 3
Deputy Secretary 1
Deputy Secretary 2
Deputy Secretary 3
Deputy Secretary 1
Deputy Secretary 2
Deputy Secretary 3
Deputy Assistant Sec.
Deputy Assistant Sec
Deputy Assistant Sec.
Deputy Assistant Sec.
Deputy Asssitant Sec.
Deputy Assistant Sec.
Deputy Asssitant Sec.
Deputy Asssitant Sec.
Deputy Assistant Sec.
Civil service Civil service Civil service
Political Appointments
Direct AppointmentsOr civil service assignment
Civil Service System(OPM & MSPB)
Independent Executive Agencies
• Created/funded by Congress
• Usually headed by a Director
• Director appointed by PotUS, confirmed by Senate
• Director reports to PotUS
• Administers narrow, specific areas of public policy
Organization of IEAs
Director
Assistant Director 1
Assistant Director 2
Assistant Director 3
Civil service
Civil service
Civil service
Political Appointment
Direct appointment
Civil Service System(OPM & MSPB)
Independent Regulatory Agencies
• Created/funded by Congress• Usually headed by a Commissioner or Board of
Directors• Board chairman usually appointed by PotUS &
confirmed by Senate• Board members may be appointed by PotUS or
by Congress• Administers policy independent of both PotUS &
Congress• Regulates specific areas of US Economy
Organization of Regulatory Agencies
Regulatory Board
Enforcement Division
Adjudication Division
Inspectors
Administrators
Ombudsman
Review Board
Appointment by PotUS or by Congress
Appointment by Regulatory Board
Civil Service System(OPM & MSPB)
Appointment by Regulatory Board
The Controversy over Regulatory Agencies
Regulatory Board
Enforcement Division
Adjudication Division
Inspectors
Administrators
Ombudsman
Review Board
Legislative power
Executive Power
Judicial Power
All in the Same Agency!
Government Corporations
• Created by Congress• Not necessarily funded by Congress• Most positions appointed according to OPM &
MSPB regulations & procedures• Few positions subject to PotUS or
Congressional appointment• Generally provide products and/or services to
the public for a fee• Organized according to management models in
the private sector
Organization of Government Corporations
Governing Board
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Operating Officer Chief Financial/Marketing Officer Government Relations Officer Human Relations Officer General Counsel
Regional Directors of Operations Treasurer
Comptroller
Supply Management
Marketing
Public Affairs & Communications
Consumer Advocacy
Employee Resource Mgmt.
Employee Development
Labor Relations
Sales
Product/Service Development
Customer Service
Product/Service Pricing & Classification
Strategic Planning
Inspection/Quality Control
Appointment by PotUS or by Congress
Direct appointment by Governing Board
Civil Service System(OPM & MSPB)
Government Contracts
• Private companies• Provide products & services to Government on a
contractual basis• Employees hold GS-ratings and may hold
security clearances• Generally not subject to OPM & MSPB
regulation • Contracts may be awarded through competitive
bidding or through exclusive “no-bid” contracts