Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

Nirma University

Institute of Technology School of Engineering

Chemical Engineering Department

Course Policy

B.Tech. Semester III Academic Year: 2018

Course Code & Name : CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

Credit Details : Lectures-3, Tutorial-1, Praticals-2

Credits-5

Course Co-ordinator : Dr. Femina Patel

Contact No. & Email : 07930642523,

femina.patel@nirmauni.ac.in

Office : PG-107

Visiting Hours :

Monday & Tuesday: 1:30 p.m. to 2:00 p.m.

Odd Saturdays: 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.

Course Blog : https://2ch204ns2013.wordpress.com/

Course Faculty : Dr. Femina Patel

Contact No. & Email : 07930642523,

femina.patel@nirmauni.ac.in

Office : PG-107

Visiting Hours :

Monday & Tuesday: 1:30 p.m. to 2:00 p.m.

Odd Saturdays: 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.

Queries by Emails are encouraged.

Course Blog : https://2ch204ns2013.wordpress.com/

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

1. Introduction to Course

1.1 Importance of Course:

Heat transfer is a subject of widespread interest to the students of engineering,

practicing engineers and technicians engaged in the design, construction,

testing and operation of many diverse forms of heat exchange equipment

require in our scientific and industrial technology.

1.2 Course objectives:

To understand the fundamentals of heat transfer mechanisms in fluids and

solids and their applications in various heat transfer equipment in process

industries.

1.3 Pre-requisite:

Mathematics: Taylor’s series expansions, solution of simple ODEs and PDEs, simple integration and differentiation, integration by parts, and trigonometric and hyperbolic functions Students are expected to review these concepts before coming to class.

2. Course Outcomes (COs)

COs are clear statements of the expectations for student achievements in the course.

After successful completion of the course, student will be able to 1. understand the basic concepts and laws of different modes of heat transfer, 2. apply knowledge of heat transfer in heat exchange equipments, 3. analyze heat transfer with/without phase change, 4. evaluate thermal performance of heat exchange equipments.

3. Syllabus Teaching Hours: 45 Unit 1: Introduction to heat transfer Hours: 06 Its relation with thermodynamics and three modes of heat transfer. Prime laws for each mode. General laws of heat transfer. Analogies with other transport processes and electricity. Unit 2: Heat conduction Hours: 09 Steady State one dimensional conduction, Heat transfer by conduction through plane & composite wall, cylinder & spheres. Insulating materials- concept of critical radius of insulation for cylinders & sphere. Extended surfaces and temperature distribution for extended surfaces under various conditions and effectiveness of fins. Introduction to unsteady state heat conduction.

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

Unit 3: Convection Hours: 09 Mechanism of convection, Types of convection- natural and forced, Determination of convective heat transfer coefficient by different methods, Forced & Natural convection- in laminar and turbulent flow over different bodies, Significance of dimensionless numbers. Unit 4: Thermal radiation Hours: 04 Introduction and developed theories of radiation. Different laws of Radiation, Concept of Black body and related aspects, Radiation transfer between surfaces, Radiation shields, Radiation through semi-transparent materials. Unit 5: Heat transfer with phase change Hours: 03 Boiling of liquids, mechanism of boiling, nucleate boiling, and film boiling, Condensation of vapors, Film wise and drop wise condensation. Unit 6: Evaporation Hours: 03 Introduction, performance of an evaporator, individual and overall heat transfer coefficients, capacity and economy of evaporators, Single & multiple effect evaporators, Concept of boiling point elevation, Duhring's rule, and effect of liquid head & friction on pressure drop, Types and application of evaporators. Unit 7: Heat exchange equipments Hours: 11 Introduction and types of heat exchange equipments, Individual and overall coefficient, LMTD, Variable overall heat transfer coefficients, Fouling factors, LMTD correction factors, General constructions of shell and tube heat exchangers, NTU & Heat exchange equipment effectiveness.

3.1 Self-study

Basic principles and methodology will be explained in the class. It is expected that the

students put in at least two hours of self-study for every one hour of class room teaching.

Further, around 10% of the questions will be asked from following topics

1. General heat conduction equation in Cylindrical Coordinates/Spherical Coordinates

2. Heat Dissipation from a fin losing heat at the tip 3. Derive the relationship between the effectiveness and number of transfer units for

a parallel flow heat exchanger 4. Selection of heat exchange equipment

Students are expected to study above mentioned topics and encourages to explore the

virtual lab on their own. These topics will not be taught in the classroom. Students should

refer to books available in the library for the same.

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

3.2 References

Books: Students are encouraged to refer good quality renowned books published by reputed

publishers. Some of the books are listed below:

1. Dr. D. S. Kumar, Heat & Mass Transfer, S. K. Kataria & Sons. 2. Er. R. K. Rajput, Heat and Mass Transfer (SI units), S. Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd. 3. Mahesh M. Rathore, Engineering Heat and Mass Transfer (Third Edition,

University Science Press, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd. 4. Yunus A. Cengel, Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach, Second Edition in S.I. units,

Tata Mcraw-Hill Edition. 5. Yunus A. Cengel and Afshin J. Ghajar, Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals &

Applications, McGraw Hill Education. 6. Gupta and Prakash, Engineering Heat Transfer, Nemchand & Bros., Roorkee. 7. K. A. Gavhane, Unit Operation – II (Heat & Mass Transfer), Revised Edition, Nirali

Prakashan. 8. Warren L. McCabe, Julian C. Smith, Peter Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical

Engineering, McGraw Hill Publication. 9. Y. V. C. Rao, Heat Transfer, University Press Circulation. 10. Binay K Dutta, Heat Transfer: Principles and Applications, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 11. P. S. Ghoshdastidar, Heat Transfer, Oxford University Press. 12. S. P. Sukhatme, A Text Book on Heat Transfer, Universities Press.Note: The latest edition of books should be referred.

Laboratory details

Laboratory experiments/ exercises should be completed as per the given schedule. It is expected that a student does the same with full understanding of the concept, procedure and application involved. Laboratory work will be based on above syllabus with following 12 experiments and 2 Virtual laboratory experiments to be performed.

Sr. No. Week No. # List of Experiments Mapped COs

1 Week 1 Introduction to Heat Transfer, Briefing about list of experiments with objectives, Assessment policy for experiments

--

2 Week 2 Thermal conductivity apparatus 1

3 Week 3 Thermal conductivity of metal rod 1

4 Week 4 Thermal conductivity of insulating powder 1 5 Week 6 Heat Transfer in natural convection 3

6 Week 7 Heat Transfer in forced convection 3

7 Week 8 Extended surface equipment 1

8 Week 9 Parallel flow heat exchanger 2 & 4

9 Week 10 Counter flow heat exchanger 2 & 4

10 Week 12 Shell and Tube heat exchanger 2 & 4

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

11 Week 13 Emissivity measurement apparatus 1

12 Week 14 Drop wise and film wise condensation apparatus 3 13 Week 15 Finned tube heat exchanger 2

14 Week 16 Virtual Lab Experiments: (1) Conduction analysis of double material slab Refer link: http://iitg.vlab.co.in/index.php?sub=62&brch=176&sim=1152&cnt=1 (2) Conduction analysis of double material sphere Refer link: http://iitg.vlab.co.in/index.php?sub=62&brch=176&sim=1153&cnt=1

1

5. Tutorial details

Students are advised to get their doubts cleared in tutorial sessions. Tutorial work will be based on the syllabus with following 12 tutorials to be conducted.

Sr. No. Tutorial Topic Schedule* Mapped COs

1 Introduction to Heat Transfer, Briefing about tutorials, Assessment Policy for tutorials

16/07/2018 to

20/07/2018

--

2 Fundamentals of Heat Transfer 23/07/2018 to

27/07/2018

1

3 Heat Transfer by Conduction (Steady State): Conduction through a Plane wall and Composite wall

30/07/2018 to

3/08/2018

1 & 4

4 Heat Transfer by Conduction (Steady State): Conduction through Composite wall

6/08/2018 to

0/08/2018

1 & 4

5 Heat Transfer by Conduction (Steady State): Conduction through Hollow and Composite Cylinder

20/08/2018 to

4/08/2018

1 & 4

6 Heat Transfer by Conduction (Steady State): Conduction through a Hollow Sphere and Composite Spheres, Effect of Variable Thermal Conductivity

27/08/2018 to

31/08/2018

1 & 4

7 Heat Transfer by Conduction (Steady State): Critical Thickness of Insulation and Extended Surface

3/09/2018 to

7/09/2018

1 & 4

8 Convection: Rayleigh and Buckingham π-theorem methods

10/09/2018 to

14/09/2018

3

9 Convection: Correlations for free convection 17/09/2018 to

21/09/2018

3

10 Convection: Correlations for forced convection 1/10/2018 to

3

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

5/10/2018

11 Radiation: Absorptivity, Transmissivity and Reflectivity, Plank’s distribution law, Total emissive power: Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wein’s displacement law, Radiation transfer between surfaces, Radiation through semi-transparent materials

8/10/2018 to

12/10/2018

1

12 Heat Exchanger: Overall heat transfer coefficient, Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)

15/10/2018 to

19/10/2018

2 & 4

13 Heat Exchanger: LMTD correction factors, Heat Exchanger effectiveness and Number of Transfer Unit (NTU)

22/10/2018 to

26/10/2018

2 & 4

* Schedule is based on academic calendar

6. Assessment Policy

6.1 Component wise Continuous Evaluation (CE), Laboratory and Project Work

(LPW) & Semester End Examination (SEE) weightage

Assessment scheme

CE LPW SEE

Component weightage

0.4 0.2 0.4 Class Test

30% (30 marks)

Sessional Exam 40%

(40 marks)

Tutorial Evaluation

30% (30 marks)

Continuous Evaluation

75%

Viva Voce 25%

100 marks

100 marks 100 marks

6.2 Assessment Policy for Continuous Evaluation (CE)

Assessment of Continuous Evaluation comprises of three components. 1. Class Test will be conducted as per academic calendar. It will be conducted

online/ offline for the duration of 1 hour and will be of 30 marks. 2. Sessional Exam will be conducted as per academic calendar. It will be

conducted offline for the duration of 1 hour and 15 minutes and will be of 40 marks.

3. There will be 12 tutorials each carrying weightage of 10 marks. At the end of the course total marks obtained out of 120 will be converted according to weightage assigned. Assessment of Tutorials will be carried out based on parameters like timely submission, neat and clean work, originality, involvement of the student, regularity, discipline etc. during the session.

6.3 Assessment Policy for Laboratory work (LPW)

Assessment of Laboratory work comprises of two components. 1. Continuous assessment for laboratory experiments will be conducted. There

will be 12 experiments, each carrying weightage of 10 marks. At the end of the

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

course total marks obtained out of 120 will be converted according to weightage assigned. Assessment of Experiment will be carried out based on parameters like Completion of lab work file, understanding of the experiment performed, originality, involvement of the student, regularity, discipline etc. during the session.

2. A Viva voce examination for LPW component will be conducted as per academic calendar. It will carry a weightage of 25 marks.

6.4 Assessment Policy for Semester End Examination (SEE)

A written examination of 3 hour duration will be conducted for the course as

per academic calendar. It will carry 100 marks and marks obtained out of 100

will be converted as per weightage assigned.

7. Lesson Plan

Session No.

Topics Mapped COs

1 Overview of the course, Discussion on Course Policy, Course Website and Blog, Importance of the course, Evaluation, Linkages of the course with other course/’s and Professional relevance

--

2, 3 Fundamentals of Heat Transfer: Introduction,

Thermodynamics, Heat transfer, Difference between thermodynamics and heat transfer, Areas and applications of heat transfer, Heat transfer problems

1

4, 5, 6 Fundamentals of Heat Transfer: Modes of heat transfer:

Conduction; Convection; Radiation, Variation in transfer of heat due to time, Fourier’s law, Newton’s (Newton-Rikhman) law, Stefan Boltzmann law, Thermal conductance and resistance, Convective and radiative conductance, Combined heat transfer process, Analogies between various transport processes, Analogy between flow of heat and Electricity

1

7, 8 Heat Transfer by Conduction (Steady State): Concept of heat conduction, thermal conductivity, general heat conduction equation in Cartesian Coordinates/Cylindrical Coordinates/ Spherical Coordinates, Thermal diffusivity

1

9, 10 Heat Conduction through Plane and Composite walls: Heat conduction through a plane wall, Heat conduction through a composite wall, The overall heat transfer coefficient

1 & 4

11 Heat Conduction through Hollow and Composite Cylinder 1 & 4

12 Heat Conduction through Hollow and Composite Sphere 1 & 4

13 Critical Thickness of Insulation 1 & 4

14, 15 Heat Transfer From Extended Surfaces (Fins): Introduction, Heat flow through Rectangular Fin: Heat dissipation from an infinitely long fin, Heat dissipation from a fin insulated at the tip, Heat dissipation from a fin losing heat at the tip,

1 & 4

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

Efficiency and Effectiveness of fin, Introduction to unsteady state operations

16 Convection: Free and Force Convection; Laminar and Turbulent flow, Newton-Rikhman law: convection rate equation

3

17, 18 Nusselt Number, Determination of Nusselt Number 3 19 Dimensional analysis and its application: Rayleigh method,

Buckingham PI-theorem, Significance of Dimensional Groups

3

20, 21 Free convection: Dimensional analysis applied to free convection, Empirical equations for free convections based on experimental results

3

22, 23 Forced Convection: Dimensional analysis applied to forced convection, Correlations for forced convection in laminar flow, Correlations for forced convection in turbulent flow

3

24 Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer over flat plate, Thickness of thermal boundary layer, Local and average heat transfer coefficients in forced convection,

3

25, 26, 27, 28

Thermal Radiation: Nature of thermal radiation, Spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, Absorption, Transmission, Reflection and Emission of radiation, Monochromatic emissive power of black body: Plank’s distribution law, Total emissive power: Stefan-Boltzmann law, Emissivity, Kirchoff’s law, Black body, Wein’s displacement law, Radiation shield, Radiation transfer between surfaces, Radiation through semi-transparent materials

1

29, 30, 31 Heat Transfer with change of phase: Heat transfer accompanied by change of phase, Phenomenon of boiling, Regimes of pool boiling, Phenomena of condensation, Film wise and drop wise condensation

3

32, 33 Heat exchange equipment: Introduction, Heat Exchanger Types

2

34, 35 Overall heat transfer coefficient, Effect of scale formation (Fouling factors)

2 & 4

36, 37 Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) 2 & 4

38 LMTD correction factors 2 & 4

39, 40 Heat Exchanger effectiveness and Number of Transfer Unit (NTU)

2 & 4

41, 42, 43, Evaporator: Introduction, Types and applications of Evaporators, Methods of feeding of evaporator, Performance of evaporator (Capacity and Economy), Concept of boiling point elevation, Duhring's rule

2

44 Selection of heat exchange equipment, Advances in heat exchange equipment

2

45 Review of the course, Feedback related to the course, Linkages with advanced course/s in succeeding years

--

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

8. Mapping of Session Learning Outcomes (SLOs) with Course Outcomes (COs)

Session No.

Session Learning Outcomes: After completion of the session, student will be able to

Mapped COs

1 Understand importance, scope and policy of the course --

2, 3 State the fundamental difference between thermodynamics and heat transfer

Appreciate the importance of heat transfer in various filed of engineering

1

4, 5, 6 Understand the different modes of heat transfer Bring out the difference between steady and unsteady;

one, two and three dimensional heat flows Identify the different modes of heat transfer in a given

system operations Understand the Fourier’s law, Newton’s law and Stefan-

Boltzmann law Define thermal resistance Appreciate the analogies between various transport

processes and also between flow of heat and electricity

1

7, 8 Understand the salient features of Fourier’s law of heat conduction

Define thermal conductivity Appreciate the variation in thermal conductivity for

different materials and under different conditions Set up general heat conduction equation in Cartesian,

cylindrical and spherical co-ordinates Specify homogeneous and isotropic material and define

thermal diffusivity of a material

1

9, 10 Analyze the steady state one-dimensional heat conduction for temperature distribution and rates of heat transfer through a plane wall and a composite wall in which thermal resistance are connected in series as well as in parallel

Explain the heat conduction through a wall separating two fluids and the concepts of overall heat transfer coefficient

1 & 4

11 Analyze the steady state one-dimensional heat conduction for temperature distribution and rates of heat transfer through a hollow cylinder and a composite cylinder

Explain the heat conduction through a cylinder separating two fluids and the concepts of overall heat transfer coefficient

1 & 4

12 Analyze the steady state one-dimensional heat conduction for temperature distribution and rates of heat transfer through a spherical shell and a composite sphere

1 & 4

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

Explain the heat conduction through a sphere separating two fluids and the concepts of overall heat transfer coefficient

13 Appreciate the dependence of heat loss on thickness of insulation

Define critical thickness of insulation Set up expression for critical radius of insulation for a

cylinder and a sphere

1 & 4

14, 15 Understand finned surfaces, their configuration and common applications

Understand steady flow of heat along a rod Understand heat dissipation from (i) an infinitely long fin

(ii) a fin losing heat at the tip (iii) a fin insulated at the tip Understand performance parameters: efficiency and

effectiveness of fin

1 & 4

16 Understand free and forced convection Write the convective heat rate equation and define the

convective heat transfer coefficient

3

17, 18 Understand the concept of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers

Define Nusselt number, state its physical significance and list the methods used for its estimation

3

19 Understand the system of dimensions and dimensional homogeneity

Specify the different variables affecting the mechanisms of free convection and forced convection

3

20, 21 Perform dimensional analysis for free convection Define and differentiate between

Bulk temperature and mean temperature Local and average convective coefficient

Know about the various correlations for free convection depending on nature of flow, geometrical configuration and its orientation

3

22, 23 Perform dimensional analysis for force convection Know about the various correlations for forced

convection depending on nature of flow, geometrical configuration and its orientation

Discuss the physical significance of dimensionless groups

3

24 Establish the relationship between thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness

Define the local friction coefficients for local and average values of heat transfer coefficients for thermal boundary layer

Workout the correlations for local and average values of heat transfer coefficients for thermal boundary layer

3

25, 26, 27, 28

Understand the concepts of salient features and characteristics of radiation

1

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

Understand the concepts absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity

Understand the concepts of wavelength distribution of black body radiation; Plank’s law

Understand the concepts of total emissive power; Stefan Boltzman law and Wien’s displacement law

Understand the concepts of Kirchoff’s law; emissivity 29, 30, 31 Define and make distinction between film condensation

and drop-wise condensation Understand different regimes of boiling heat transfer and

comment on critical heat flux in nucleate boiling

3

32, 33 Understand and comment upon the utility and schematic of different types of heat exchangers

2

34, 35 Understand and comment upon fouling factor and overall heat transfer coefficient for heat exchangers

2 & 4

36, 37 Understand and comment upon logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) for parallel flow and counter flow heat exchangers

2 & 4

38 Understand and comment upon correlation factors to LMTD of heat exchangers with different configuration

2 & 4

39, 40 Understand and comment upon heat exchanger effectiveness and number of transfer units

2 & 4

41, 42, 43, Understand and comment upon the schematic of different types of evaporators

Appreciate the importance of evaporators Understand the methods of feeding of evaporator Evaluate the performance of evaporators

2

44 Comment upon selection of heat exchange equipment Appreciate the advances in heat exchange equipment

2

45 Summarize topics covered in the course and express the linkages with other course/’s

--

9. Teaching-learning methodology:

1. Lectures: Primarily Chalk and Black board will be used to conduct the course.

However, where required, Power Point Presentations (PPTs), Video Lectures, Simulations / Animations etc. will be used to enhance the teaching-learning process.

2. Tutorial: Emphasis will be on one to one interaction with students for clearing their doubts and problem solving.

3. Laboratory: Explanation of Experiment to be performed along with co-relation with theory will be given. At the end of each session assessment will be carried out based on parameters like completion of lab work that includes observations, calculations, graphs and conclusions, individuality and involvement of the student, regularity, discipline etc. Students will be quizzed to check their understanding of the experiment/exercise conducted.

Course Policy CH302 Heat Transfer Operations

10. Active learning techniques

Active learning is a method of learning in which students are actively or

experientially involved in the learning process. Following active learning

techniques will be adopted for the course.

Flipped Class-room

Topics:

Heat Exchangers and its Applications

Types of Evaporators

Muddiest Points

Convection: Rayleigh and Buckingham π-theorem methods

11. Course Materials

Following course material is uploaded on the course website:

https://2ch204ns2013.wordpress.com/

Course Policy Lecture Notes and PPTs, Books / Reference Books / NPTEL video lectures Tutorials, Lab Manuals and details of Virtual lab experiments Question bank

Web-links, Blogs, Video Lectures, Journals Animations , Softwares

12. Course Outcome Attainment

Following means will be used to assess attainment of course outcomes. Use of formal evaluation components of continuous evaluation, tutorials,

laboratory work, semester end examination Informal feedback during course conduction

13. Academic Integrity Statement

Students are expected to carry out assigned work under Continuous Evaluation (CE) component and LPW component independently. Copying in any form is not acceptable and will invite strict disciplinary action. Evaluation of corresponding component will be affected proportionately in such cases. Turnitin software will be used to check plagiarism wherever applicable. Academic integrity is expected from students in all components of course assessment.