Installing the Network

Chapter 11

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Chapter Objectives

Explain the need of structured cabling Identify cables and different types of connectors Work with different types of cables Identify closets, conduits and cable tray Install racks and manage cables Work with modular outlets

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Recall - I

Repeater is a device that is used to regenerate signals Bridges are used to connect multiple LAN segments Types of bridges are:

Transparent bridge Translational bridge Source-route bridge

The static and dynamic are two types of router Types of hubs are:

Passive hub Active hub Intelligent hub

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Recall - II

Switch is the device with filtering and forwarding feature The different methods used by switches to send data

are: Cut-through method Store and forward method Fragment-free method

Gateway provides interconnection between different networks and translation service

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Structured Cabling Comprises of cables and associated hardware parts Provides an organized way of low voltage wiring Transmits data that is built in structured form Need of structured cabling:

Consistency – Standard cabling systems for Data, voice and video

Cost Reduction – Reduces the cost by reducing the number of cables

Troubleshooting – Isolates and fixes the problem Mobility – Network resources are portable Supports upgrading – Supports future applications

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Design Considerations of Structured Cabling

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Structured Cabling - II

Design Considerations of structured cabling Entrance Facilities – Connects the building with the

outside world Equipment Room – Serves the users within the room Telecommunications Room – Accommodates the

cabling system equipment Backbone Cabling – Interconnects

telecommunications room, equipments room and entrance facilities

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Structured Cabling - III

Design Considerations of structured cabling Horizontal Cabling – Extends from the work area

telecommunications outlet to telecommunications closet

Work Area – Components extend from the telecommunications outlet to the stations equipment

Cable Administration – Involves logical numbering scheme that can be applied to all the cables, outlets, patch cables and even control systems

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Pulling Cables - I While dealing with structured cabling you have to

pull out the cables from some conduits and punch down the free end of the cable

Conduits are PVC or flexible plastic pipes used to organize the cables

Pull twine through the conduits

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Pulling cables - II

Elements required for

pulling cables

Fish Tape Twine ConduitsScale and

TapePatch Panel

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Pulling Cable Tools

Fish Tape Twine Conduit

Scale & Tape

Patch Panel

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Cables

Two or more wires bound together, in protective jacket or sheath

Different types of cables: Twisted pair cable Coaxial cable Optical fiber cable Shielded and Unshielded cable

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Cable Connectors – I

Part of cable which plugs into port or interface to connect one device to another

Connectors: Male and Female DB-15 connectors - Commonly used on electronic and

computer equipment RJ45 Connectors – Used in networking to connect

computer to network card BNC Coaxial Connectors – Used with coaxial cables

or used with Ethernet system

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Cable Connectors – II

210 Patch Plug – Uses internal pair isolation, pair-to-pair compensation and layered contacts

Token-Ring Data Connector – Used on end of a shielded twisted pair cable

Distinguishing Wires Color coding makes identification each wire or pair of

wires in the cable easier Tip and ring – Identifies plus wire and minus wire

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Show distinguishing wire from CBT

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Cabling Tools and show it from CBT Used in networking to work with wires or devices or

to connect wires and devices to each other Different tools used are:

Punchdown Tools RJ45 Crimping Tool Coaxial Cable Crimping Tool Pin Crimping Tool Cable stripper

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Working with Cables – I and show from CBT Installation works in three stages:

Running cable from central point to the room Wall jacks are mounted and cables ended into jacks Wire cables from the central end to switchboard

Color Coding Helps to classify different types of wires Patch cable and cross over cable can be differentiated

on the basis of colour coding

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Working with Cables – III

Straight through Cable Same pin out connections at both

ends Used to connect dissimilar devices

Crossover Cable Modify pin out connections

at one end Used to connect similar types

of devices

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Show crimping cables from CBT

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Show modular outlet from CBT

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Working with Cables – IV Weak Link

Mostly, weakest link is the station cable, which runs from wall to desktop

Information Outlet Protect horizontal wiring from physical handling that

cables receive Keep installation neat and eliminate unsightly snake

pit of unused cables coiled on floor Station Cable

Runs between information outlet and network node e.g. PC

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Grounding

Two wires that come from the transformer are called the hot wires usually RED in color and neutral wire in BLACK

A large building requires more than one earth ground and the earth ground between two buildings is different in different situations

Fiber optic cable is the best option to link buildings Power grounding problems are two types: open or

high resistance ground or an abnormal pulse or condition between power conductors

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Closet Main point in an organization where major networking cabling come

together Equipment in a wiring closet includes:

Patch panels for vertical wiring Patch panels for horizontal wiring Wiring hubs Uninterruptible Power Supplies

Types of wiring closets: Intermediate Distribution Frames (IDF) – at least one IDF per floor

for a multi storey building Main Distribution Frame (MDF) – where the inside cable plant

meets the outside world’s connectivity. All IDFs throughout building are connected to MDF in a star topology

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Closet Details

Typical equipment in a wiring closet are: Backbone wiring cross-connect device Horizontal wiring cross-connect device Patch cables Wiring hubs Backup power for wiring hubs Router and modems Access server Fire Sprinkler SystemThe layout for the equipments in a wiring closet are put

on the wall or in an equipment rack

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Cross-Connect Devices - I

Make easy to configure horizontal and backbone wiring

Terminates cable or group of cables Adaptability is easy when the organization grows

year after year In data networks – Small cross-connect device will

terminate backbone cable and make it available for connection to wiring hub

In wiring hub – Larger cross-connect device will terminate horizontal wiring before it enters hub

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Cross-Connect Devices - II

66M Punch Down Block

Patch Panel

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Cabinets and Racks – I show this from CBT Patch panels and wiring hubs can mount on wall in

brackets, stand in racks or reside in full cabinets that are racks with doors

If small installation – Mount patch panels and wiring hubs on wall

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Neat Cables show from CBT

Used to avoid damage to cable pairs and used to tie the cables

Ties come in many sizes and materials

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Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) Equip network file servers

with backup power Allow wiring hubs to go

without power during power failure

VA system is more accurate than wattage rating

As a quick rule of thumb choose your UPS with VA rating at least two times the wattage rating consumption

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Conduits Plastic pipes that run through wall plate between wiring

closets If space left:

Used to pull a new cable Used as replacement for a bad one For added capacity New conduit should have a piece of string used to pull the cable

in future Fish tape

An equipment which is part of any installers toolbox Consists of a reel of wire stiff enough to push its way through the

conduit When pulling through conduit ensure the power is turned off for

those wires

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Cable Trays show this from CBT Provide large cable system Wire rack designed to carry the weight of the cables Common in modern wiring closets and in building

infrastructure spaces such as basements, airshafts, and ceiling

Point to note when cables run inside ceilings and walls

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Configuring Backbone Cable

Backbone wiring is also known as vertical wiring TIA/EIA standard suggests that the backbone system should be

a star configuration Wiring closet that contain patch and cross-connect panels which

connect to horizontal wiring Backbone wiring link each wiring closet to cross-connect point or

(MDF) Locating the closet

Different parameters to keep in mind when going for closet Backbone Cable

Modern installations use UTP or fiber-optic cable for the backbone

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Installation of Racks and show form CBT Explains how to place networking equipments and

accumulate different small equipment on the plate of the rack

Factors to be considered while installing the rack: Location to install the rack Installation holes marking Installation of the rack nuts Mount the different rails onto the rack Mount the different devices onto the rack

One U equals 1.75 inches

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Managing Cables

Cables: Should not run over desk Should not be entangled

To manage cables: Free space on the desk where the cables will run Holes at top of desk Mount to protect cables

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Wire Manager

Used to mange wires that are common to one place Tools used to manage wires:

Cable ties Conduits Twines Cable manager Labels Spiral wraps Unitags

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Labeling Cables

Used to identify path of the cables Distinct color and pattern of code of cable label

helps identify cables Labels can be written with a pen or a pencil Cables labeled using Label templates Administrator has to label the outlet at the work area

and fix the patch panel with the same number when making network connection

Labels on Outlet

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Case Study 1

The network administrator of the Mumbai branch of MoneyMaker bank is facing difficulties in maintaining the network. In case the network goes down due to some hardware failure, identifying the source of the problem and troubleshooting it is very time consuming. The layout of the network has not been changed since the time it was set up.

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Problem

The maintenance and troubleshooting of the network is problematic and time consuming

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Solution Deploy a dedicated closet Use full equipment cabinet Use rack and configure the hardware Use appropriate cable and crimp the cable Define maximum backbone cable length and

horizontal cable length Use different wire manager Use modular outlet and I/O plate Use third party hardware monitoring or the

troubleshooting devices

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Summary - I

Structured cabling system is a set of cabling which interconnects different equipments in an organization in a structured manner

Cable connectors are used to connect the cables Cabling tolls are helpful to make connection

between the cable and the connector Colour Code helps to identify the types of wires Cat5 cables are punched into Information outlet (IO)

as per the colour coding Jack Panel is used to connect horizontal cabling to

network

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Summary - II

Straight through cables have the pin out connections similar at both the ends

Cross over cable change the pin out connections at one end

Installing the rack explains how to place networking equipments and accumulate different small equipment on the tray of the rack

Wire manager can organize the disorganized cables and makes it easy to access

Labeling the cables help you to identify the path of the cables and makes the troubleshooting easy

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