Inspired to be Green: Volume7

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Volume 7www.inspiredgreen.in

There seem to be many many more conferences and exhibitions on Green Buildings, all aimed at creating awareness and spreading knowledge to make Green into the mainstream building industry. As a result buildings today are becoming more and more efficient and environmentally sensitive, with modern technology, materials and products.

We at Inspired to be Green take pride in bringing you the latest and most interesting news, events and innovations in the Green Building industry and thank you for your support.

Stay inspired,

Isabelle

Dear Inspired Readers,

Contents

E-waste and recycling

Green building movement in India

Better Home Insulation

ITC Hotel

Addressing an upcoming threat of the cities of India

Initiation and growth of green building movement in India

Explaining the difference which insulation could make in residential buildings

Showcasing the greenfeatures of ITC Hotel

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26

We are happy to receive your queries, comments and contribution

130, Old Mahabalipuram Road,Shollinganallur, Chennai - 600119.Ph : +91 98432 [email protected] www.inspiredgreen.in

10

M E M B E R

The Green Building movement has shown phenomenal growth over the last few months. Just a few weeks ago IGBC announced the successful certification of 100 buildings in India as well as the launch of the IGBC Green SEZ and IGBC Green Township pilot versions.

A discussion with Dr.Ajay Mathur,

General Director of BEE about the

labeling program and Star-rating

for offices and ESCOs, during the

“Empower India 2010” organized by

Urjavara Organisation as well as BEE

Growing Energy DemandEvery day India’s growing economy needs more power for industry, buildings, infrastructure and rural electrification. Increased power demand of 6% every year, leads to more power plants to satisfy the hunger for energy. More than 50% of the country’s electricity is generated from coal driven thermal power plants. This generation of electricity causes air pollution generates carbon emissions and causes global warming.

Efficiency StrategyEfficiency strategies can save huge amounts of energy in every sector. Potential savings can be achieved through awareness, design and efficiency measures. Green Buildings are a great example for the potential energy savings in the building sector. Some green building projects show more than 50% of energy savings compared to a conventional building. More and more builders are ready to invest in efficiency strategies which pay back multiple times after the building is occupied.

Star RatingThe objective of this program, as set out by B.E.E (Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Govt. of India) is efficient use of energy and its conservation. With increasing gap between energy demand and supply situation in India, the labeling program is the ‘least-cost’ option to the government.

From the consumers point of view, the energy labeling program offers significant benefits. It enables consumers to reduce their monthly energy bills while using air conditioners and provides information on energy use.

For products like air conditioners, tube lights, and refrigerators it is now mandatory to have star rating. This rating gives manufacturers the chance to sell high performance products for a better rate and consumer’s an informed choice of the energy performance of the products in terms of its energy usage.

Star Rating for Office BuildingsLarge potential for energy savings in existing office buildings is addressed by the Star Rating for office buildings which has so far been developed for day use office buildings and BPOs. It is being developed to cover different categories of buildings like shopping malls, hotels and hospitals, etc.

To apply for the rating of office buildings, the connected load of the building must be more then 100 kW and following information must be provided:

- Actual energy consumption- Building’s built up area- Conditioned and non-conditioned area,- Type of building,- Hours of operation of the building in a day,- Climatic zone in which building is located

BEE’s Star Rating

Inspired to be GREEN I Volume 7 I 5

Energy Performance Index (EPI)

The calculated Energy Performance Index (EPI) in kWh / sqm/ year will be considered for the rating. For example the correlated EPI and Star Rating for Offices with more than 50% air conditioning with respect to the various climate zones are as below.

EPI (Kwh/sqm/year)

Star label

190-165 1 Star

165-140 2 Star

140-115 3 Star

115-90 4 Star

Below 90 5 Star

EPI (Kwh/sqm/year)

Star label

180-155 1 Star

155-130 2 Star

130-105 3 Star

105-80 4 Star

Below 80 5 Star

EPI (Kwh/sqm/year)

Star label

200-175 1 Star

175-150 2 Star

150-125 3 Star

125-100 4 Star

Below 100 5 Star

Composite Warm and humid Hot and dry

The potential of energy savings in office buildings is largely untapped, partly due to lack of effective delivery mechanisms for energy efficiency. ESCOs provide a business model through which the energy-savings potential in existing buildings can be captured, and the risks faced by building owners can be addressed as well. These companies specialize in energy audit and implement energy efficiency practices in a particular organization. The overall energy efficiency investment market size under ESCO system of performance contracting in India has been estimated by the ADB Study project team at Rs 140 bn (Rs. 14000 crores) and has the potential to save about 54 billion units of electricity annually.

The performance-contract based payments for energy savings achieved through the interventions carried out by the ESCO ensures that savings are achieved, and that the payments by the building owners to the ESCO are related to the achievement of these savings. The piloted ESCO business model to upgrade the energy efficiency of eight central government buildings in Delhi, including the Rashtrapati Bhawan, shows very encouraging results. In the case of the Rashtrapati Bhawan, the investment made by the ESCO in energy-efficiency upgrades has been recovered in less than a year through the savings in the electricity bills.

ESCO’s at the success story -

Rashtrapati Bhavan

saveenergy.co.in

It’s an initiative of BEE, Emerson Climate Technologies

and Copper. The platform provides a power

saving guide and an interactive tool to calculate

energy savings by using star rated air conditioning

systems. Consumers are able to predict their energy

consumption for air conditioning system and can see

the potential savings for using 5 star rated equipment.

Check it out!

Inspired to be GREEN, thanks Dr.Ajay Mathur on behalf of the readers for his marvellous effort towards

sustainability, and wishes BEE lot of success for its valuable initiatives.

Kalakshetra is a highly respected and long established centre for performing arts specializing in classical dance, music and

theatrical arts reflecting a wide range and depth from century old traditional art forms to modern practice.

Built in 1982, the design of this auditorium boasts of passive architectural techniques adopted in design with no significant M&E interventions, despite it being situated in Chennai, known for its hot & humid coastal climate.

Kalakshetra is situated in a verdant campus known for retaining an atmosphere of being close to nature in the form of a thickly wooded environment devoid of any form of automotive traffic in most part of the campus and close to the coast of Bay of Bengal. The undulating campus primarily consisting of sand dunes and ponds leaves a lasting impression on any visitor. Aptly so, the ambience lends itself specifically to that which focuses on teaching of traditional performing art forms of India.

The concept is based on traditional forms and principles of

the Natya Shastra, an ancient treatise on performing arts. This

concept has been reflected not only in the plan of the public

and the performing areas but also in the exterior form and the

materials used for construction. The roof is built of traditional

tiles on timber rafters and is insulated with two layers of ordinary

clay tiles with a ventilated air gap in between. The large span was

covered by castellated steel beams in a radial pattern.

This auditorium is non air-conditioned and is only naturally ventilated. Located in a hot and humid zone, being close to the seashore, and set in a densely vegetated area, the micro climate offered innate opportunity for the building to take advantage of the sea breeze in the afternoons when performances were held. In the early part of the mornings, classes are held in traditional Indian dance forms when the land breeze keeps the inside airy, cool and comfortable. Also the high ceiling, deep overhangs of the roof, slatted and internally inclined, serve as sun breakers enhancing the comfort of the interior even on hot summer days.

Sewage and sullage waters are segregated and the sullage water after passing through natural filteration media is used for irrigating the landscape by gravity, without use of electrical pumping.

There was no enhanced cost towards electro-mechanical interventions. Most of the efficiencies for climatic comfort

were achieved as part of built-in architectural design efforts.Though not measured and recorded, this auditorium is highly sought after, especially during the Community Art Festivals, organized periodically.

As an evidence of the successful architectural and climate responsive design measures, not only the internal conditions are comfortable during all seasons but also has resulted in great acoustics, even without artificial sound reinforcing systems. Except for the use of structural steel portals to span the wide seating area, all materials were locally sourced.

The project was completed in early ‘80s, long before green processes / certifications came into being, but with the most environmental friendly & energy conservation measures factored in design! This project is a true reflection of the best in passive design features that have been adopted & is core to CRN’s design philosophy.


The Green Building Research Institute (GBRI) along with Inspired to be green is proud to announce the release of “ The SEEDs ...to a Greener Planet” - a powerful audio video presentation for the green building industry. From basic topics on sustainability to new green technologies including BIM and Energy Modeling - the presentation educates the audience on the growing green building industry in India, United States, Canada, Dubai, AbuDhabi, Saudi Arabia, China and Singapore. The 60 minute webinar also includes performance analysis of LEED projects, tools and strategies required for a green building project, green project management, green washing,etc. Attendees are also eligible for continuing education (CE) credits required for your LEED credential maintenance.

THE SEED’s ...to a Greener Planet

Green Building Webinar Market Transformation Efforts

…Energy Efficient Air Conditioners

Only two years back the consumer awareness for energy efficient air-conditioners was very low. Reason enough for Emerson Climate and International Copper to support a National Educational Training Programme (NETP), which worked out to a success.

In 2008 only 25% of AC Buyers would have chosen Star-rated products over non-labeled systems. Only one year later over 30% of end-users giving preferences to 4* and 5* rated air conditioners and about 50% are inclined to buy 3* rated AC. The awareness for star rated AC developed so fast that 5* rated products were sold out as soon as the days got hotter.

The national educational Training Program is run by BEE and supported by Emerson Climate Technologies and International Copper. It focuses on training of showroom salesman and tools to motivate the end-user to choose energy-efficient systems. Media advertisements accompany the initiative as well as an “Energy Calculator” which can be used on the website of www.saveenergy.co.in

The “Energy Calculator” is a powerful tool for calculating the power consumption of star rated AC – and it gives the consumer an idea of the annual energy savings by using 5* rated equipment. This touch screen calculator is exhibited at conferences, showrooms and symposiums as part of the program.

Description 1* A/C 5* A/C

Operation 8 Hours a day, 252 days a year

8 Hours a day, 252 days a year

Size 1.5TR 1.5TR

Electricity Tariff INR 5.5 Per KWHr

INR 5.5 Per KWHr

Annual Operating Cost

INR 18,301 INR 13,719

Savings Of 5* Over 1*

INR 4,582

Price Difference in Market

~ INR 5,000

Payback Period ~ 1 Year

Comparing 1* with 5* AC

For more information please visit www.saveenergy.co.in

In addition to the webinar proceedings, there is a interactive CD which includes:

For more information contact Inspired to be Green team at +91 98432 68083; [email protected]

Else please visit : www.greenbuildingresearchinstitute.org

• From the green building basics to cost & schedule impact of each LEEDTM credit.

• Sample mock exams for green building exams like IGBC AP, LEEDTM AP aspirants

• Opportunity assessment in the east & west - US- Canada - UAE - India- China

• Other green building rating systems - GRIHA-green globes - estidama pearl - China 3 star

• Green building process- planning charette - design - construction - commissioning - closing

• Green technologies - BIM, energy modeling & other tools

• Green building project management • Lessons learned from building LEEDTM platinum • Performance of LEEDTM projects • The future of green building industry

Green Building Research InstituteYour Research Partner in Sustainability & Green Buildings

EARTH I WATER I FIRE I AIR I MATERIAL

" THE ELEMENTS "...Of a Green Home

The Layman's Tool For Making Your Home Eco Friendly, Healthy, Water & Energy Efficient

Green Building Research InstituteYour Research Partner in Sustainability & Green Buildings

" THE ELEMENTS "...Of a Green Home

EARTH I WATER I FIRE I AIR I MATERIAL

The Layman's Tool For Making Your Home Eco Friendly, Healthy, Water & Energy Efficient

inspired to be

for those inspired by green, written by the experts

15 th September 10:00 AM REGISTER TODAY!

Green Building Training CD

What is a Green Building?

Buildings are responsible for almost one-half of all greenhouse gas emissions today. “A green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to a conventional building.”

Why Make your Building Green?

The environmental impact of the building design, construction and operation industry is significant. Buildings annually consume more than 20% of the electricity used in India.

Development shifts land usage away from natural, biologically-diverse habitats to hardscape that is impervious and devoid of biodiversity. The far reaching influence of the built environment necessitates action to reduce its impact. Green building practices can substantially reduce or eliminate negative environmental impacts and improve existing unsustainable design, construction and operational practices. As an added benefit, green design measures reduce operating costs, enhance building marketability, increase employee productivity and reduce potential liability resulting from indoor air quality problems.

Studies of employees in green buildings reported productivity gains of up to 16%, including reductions in absenteeism and improved work quality, based on “people friendly” green design. In other words, green building design has environmental, economic and social elements that benefit all building stakeholders, including owners, occupants and the general public.

An outlook of initiation and the growth of green

building sector in India.

Green Building Movement in India

About Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)

The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) was formed by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in the year 2001. The vision of the council is to usher in a green building movement in India and facilitate India to become one of the global leaders in green buildings by 2015.

The council offers a wide array of services which include developing new green building rating programmes, certification services and green building training programmes. The council also organises Green Building Congress, India’s annual flagship event on green buildings.

The council is committee-based, member driven and consensus-focussed. All the stakeholders of construction industry comprising of architects, developers, product manufacturers, corporate, Government, academia and nodal agencies participate in the council activities through local chapters.

Information and image source : CII-IGBC www.igbc.in

CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Building, Hyderabad.LEED NC - Platinum Certified


Green Building movement in India

Ever since the active launch of IGBC in the year 2001, the green building movement in India is moving from strength to strength which is poised to reach stellar heights. The council housed in a green building, CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad is the first ‘LEED Platinum’ rated green building in India and third in the world.

From a humble beginning of 20,000 Sq.ft of green building foot print, today the green building movement in India stands tall with 691 projects both in government and private sector amounting to over 433 M Sq.ft of built up area. Today a variety of IGBC rated green building projects are coming up in the country. This includes government buildings, residential complexes, factory buildings, convention centers, hotels, hospitals, educational institutions, laboratories, IT parks, airports, and corporate offices.

With 691 Registered buildings, 433 Million Sq.ft of green foot print and still counting...

1 0 2 1 10 2 17 540 1080

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691

110

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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Registered

Certif ied

First 100 certified Green Buildings in India

Adding one more feather to its cap IGBC has facilitated India to demonstrate first 100 fully functional green building projects. This has been a landmark achievement that has put India on the world map for green buildings. This includes a variety of buildings like corporate offices, convention centres, hotels, hospitals, IT parks, factories, airports, educational institutions, government institutions, etc.

Tamil Nadu Leglislative Assembly, LEED India NC Gold

IGBC Green Building rating programmes

The IGBC green building design guidelines revolves around the 5 elements of nature viz., Site, Water, Energy, Materials and Indoor Air Quality. The rating programmes adopt a holistic approach towards building design, construction and operation. The rating programmes include:

• IGBC Green Homes: Applicable for residential buildings which include individual homes, gated communities and high rise residential buildings

• IGBC Green Factory Building: Addresses the sustainable design and construction practices of upcoming and existing industrial buildings across all the sectors.

• IGBC Green SEZ: An extension of Green SEZ guidelines jointly developed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoCI) and IGBC. Guidelines designed to address the efficient and effective design plan for newly notified Government and private SEZ’s.

• LEED India for New Construction (NC) and Core & Shell (CS): Guidelines designed to address the design and construction of environmentally sound commercial and institutional green buildings.

Features of IGBC Green Building rating systemsThe IGBC Green Building Rating System is a voluntary, consensus – based, market-driven building rating system based on existing proven technology. It evaluates environmental performance from a whole building perspective over a building’s life cycle, providing a definitive standard for what constitutes a “green building”. The rating systems revolve around the 5 elements of nature viz., Site, Water, Energy, Materials and Indoor Air Quality. An additional category, Innovation & Design Process, addresses sustainable building expertise as well as design measures not covered under the five environmental categories.

IGBC green building rating programs are the measurement systems designed for rating variety of buildings like corporate offices, convention centres, hotels, hospitals, IT parks, factories, airports, educational institutions, government institutions, etc. It is based on accepted energy and environmental principles and strikes a balance between known established practices and emerging concepts.

BCIL T-ZED Homes, Bangalore, IGBC Green Homes Platinum

0

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146.24

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2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

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35% green footprint (146.24 Million sq ft) is from Homes

Green Homes gaining groundIGBC has launched its Green Homes rating system in the year 2007 system for individual and commercial residential developments which was a spectacular success with over 150 registered projects creating a foot print of over 145 M Sq.ft both from leading developers and individuals building their homes. IGBC is well poised to transform the residential building market through active support of Indian construction industry stakeholders.

New Rating SystemsIGBC is working stern in devising new rating systems to suit well the diverse building typologies. IGBC Green Townships & IGBC Green Cities which are much more diverse in scale are expected to be launched very soon. Green schools, existing buildings and green landscaping are also in the development phase. For devising these rating systems a systematic approach has been adopted with the expertise of eminent industry professionals, architects and other experts of that particular field, which makes it much more valid.

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DRI Green Building Products help to maintain Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) requirements and recover energy from exhaust air, resulting in considerable reduction in installed tonnage and utility bills.They also assist in enhancing Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), maintaining desired temperature and humidity and increasing productivity.

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GreenBuildingCongress 2010

6-9 October 2010Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai, India

Country Partner

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Acoustical systems

Adhesive / Paints / Sealants

Building automation & controls

Ceiling systems

Flooring systems

Heating, Ventilation & AC equipment & systems

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Insulation

Lighting & day lighting products

Plumbing, water systems & treatment

Site & landscape products

Waste management, salvage & recycling services..... and more

Some of the key speakers

Since 1895

Date Event

5 & 6 October Training Programme on Green Building Rating Systems

5 & 6 October Training Programme on Energy Simulation

7 - 9 October Exhibition on Green Building Products & Technologies

7 & 8 October International Conference on Green Buildings

6 & 9 October Green Building Mission

9 October Conference on Green Homes

Conference Registration

R. Sudharsan+91 99890 [email protected]

Exhibition Space Booking & Sponsorship

K Raman+91 99890 91743

[email protected]

Training Programme & Green Building Tours

Sriram Bhaskar+91 99890 91744

[email protected]

Exhibition Entry Pass & Visitor Registration

Ziaur Rahman+91 99890 91744

[email protected]

www.igbc.in

Knowledge Partner Principal Supporters

Co-Principal Supporters

Platinum Supporters

Ar Rajeev Kathpalia Vastu Shilpa Consultants

Mr Chris SmithUSGBC

Dr Kath WilliamsKath Williams + Associates

Ms Chitra VishwanathBiome Environmental Solutions

Prof Roland StulzNovatlantis, Switzerland

Some of the products / technologies on display The event will feature the following

©

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Architectural perspectives

National & international experiences

Green building movement - global & national trends

Case studies - national & international

Green building rating systems

Public Policies

Focus Areas

Asia's largest green building conference & exhibition

Ar Karan Grover Karan Grover Associates

Mr Christopher C BenningerCCB Architects

Mr Tim ColeUSGBC

Dr Prem C JainIGBC

Mr Mark GinsbergUSDOE

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As electricity prices and building's power consumption continue to rise, energy costs are getting increased

scrutiny. Cooling accounts for more than 40 percent of electricity usage within a well-designed building and, in many cases, represents a significant opportunity to reduce building's energy costs.

Many modern buildings require cooling either for the comfort of the occupants or to protect the processes or equipment they contain. There are three typical methods which can be employed to cool these buildings;

• Natural Ventilation• Evaporative Cooling • Air Conditioning

The choice of system can have a dramatic effect on the energy consumed of the building due to their different electrical demands.Ventilation systems can provide comfort cooling for most of the year. During prolonged periods of high temperatures they are unable to maintain internal temperatures at comfortable levels. Air Conditioning is effective but can be expensive to operate. Evaporative cooling, which can produce comfortable temperature consistently provides an intermediate solution which consumes only a fraction of the electricity.

Evaporative cooling - The Most Natural System of CoolingEvaporative cooling utilizes the basics of air and water to produce a very significant temperature drop. Evaporative cooling can also create a desired amount of humidification to increase efficiency of machinery or comfort in buildings. Because of its effectiveness in cooling and humidification, evaporative cooling is the primary choice in such industries as: gas turbine, greenhouse, livestock farming, automobile painting, residential cooling, and commercial building climate control.

An evaporative cooling system consists of pads which are designed to absorb and hold water and give maximum surface area for air and water contact. As air passes through the pads the natural evaporation of water creates cooled and humidified air.

The economy of using evaporative cooling is surprising to most people. A 90% reduction in energy used by using evaporative cooling compared to a conventional air conditioning unit seems too good to be true.

Energy costs are likely to continue to rise in the future as will the energy requirements of most organizations. Taking steps today to increase the efficiency of the cooling system can offset the impact of rising energy costs.

Available in extended range upto 1,00,000 CFM


DRI Arctic Coolers use the EcoCool Evaporative Cooling Pads. EcoCool pads are highly efficient, consistent in performance over a very long life, self-supporting, highly absorbent and can be easily cleaned. They allow higher cooling with lower air volume and are over 80% efficient.

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DRI's Arctic Coolers, offer a completely natural way of producing refreshing cool air. Our Arctic range Evaporative cooling units have been specifically designed for the cooling of industrial and commercial buildings. They are capable of lowering the fresh air temperature by 7-12 degrees, e.g- the air-off temperature from the evaporative cooler for an outside temperature of 40-43 degrees C can be as low as 28-30 degrees C. They allow cool fresh air to circulate throughout a building forcing the stale hot air to be displaced out. Unlike air- conditioning which operates with re-circulated air, Arctic coolers operate on the principle of air change and work as part of balanced ventilation system.

Additional BenefitsA Reduction in temperature in the work place creates the obvious benefits of improved staff morale, increased productivity and a reduction in absenteeism: evaporative cooling can provide additional benefits-

• An Environmentally safe solution - evaporation is a natural process. • Eliminates odors and stale air instead of re-circulating them. • Money saving - running costs up to 90% less than an air conditioning system • Doors and windows can remain open with no detremental effect on the efficiency

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Current Market Scenario

Increasing prosperity & the lowering prices of window and split air-conditioners have made them affordable to most middle class home owners. However, despite the price afford ability, many homeowners still hesitate to purchase an air conditioner when they consider the high running costs. This is an untapped market and provides an opportunity to “broaden the pond” for air-conditioner manufacturers.

There is an opportunity for window air-conditioner manufacturers to think out of the box and “broaden the pond” to exponentially expand the size of the target market.

In this context, the following issues in the background are important to note :

• India is under increasing pressure to cut greenhouse gases and be more energy efficient.

• As per the Bureau of Energy Efficiency’s statistics,the building sector in India accounts for 33% of the total energy consumed. Of this, the residential sector accounts for 25% and the commercial sector accounts for 8%.

• Buildings account for close to 10% of the global greenhouse abatement potential. Retrofit of residential HVAC is one of the most important measures to being more energy efficient & thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions.

• Bureau of Energy Efficiency (which is under the aegis of Ministry of Power, Govt of India) has introduced the Energy Conservation & Building Code (ECBC 2007) as a voluntary code but is well on the way to making it mandatory in a phased manner.•

• Energy cost will only increase in times to come, and the pressure on the air-conditioner market to lower energy consumption will increase dramatically, as air conditioners account for the major chunk of energy consumption in any household or building.

• Therefore, considering these issues, it is important for the air-conditioning business to think differently to offer to address customers who are not yet in the addressable market.

Residential Building Insulation

Residential Building insulation is a very well established concept globally. In India, till recently, it was virtually unknown. However with increasing temperatures & rising energy costs, the market for building insulation is starting to grow in India.

Building insulation is one of the components towards an energy efficient building envelope. It serves as the outer shell to protect the indoor environment as well as to facilitate its climate control.

In tropical climates like India, 80% of the total heat gain is due to direct solar radiation and the rest is due to temperature difference between the exteriors and interiors. Thus to reduce the overall Relative Heat Gain (RHG), it becomes necessary to curtail the incoming solar radiation. This is s typically achieved by the use of opaque insulation for walls & roofs and the use of solar control glass with high performance solar coatings.

How Residential Building Insulation improves Air-conditioning performance

Effective residential building insulation reduces heat ingress into the building thereby lowering power consumption for air-conditioning dramatically for the consumer. This is a simple but effective “win-win” situation for all stakeholders.

The initial capital cost of air-conditioners itself may not be a deterrent to many consumers, but the high running costs (increase in monthly electricity bills by at least Rs. 800/-per month) are usually a huge deterrent.

An air-conditioning solution that could be a certain winner in the Indian market would be one that meets two criteria:

• Air-conditioners that entail low initial capital investment.• Power consumption is low enough so that the increase

in monthly electricity cost is very low

Air conditioner manufacturers have already worked on bringing the initial capital investment well within the reach of most Indian home-owners. The easy availability of consumer credit for purchase of appliances also does not make this a major barrier in a “purchase decision”.

How better home insulation could “broaden the pond” for the air

conditioner market in Indiaby Mr.R.Rangarajan, Chief Executive, Supreme Petrochem Ltd, Mumbai. e-mail: [email protected]

With steps like BEE Energy Star certification, the air-conditioning industry has done a lot of work to increase energy efficiency. However, the high power consumption is still viewed as a barrier towards a purchase decision by most home-owners. The running cost for an air-conditioner is still perceived as prohibitively high.

This is where residential building insulation can play an important role by lowering power consumption through a more efficient building envelope. The resultant lower energy bills can make air-conditioners affordable from a running-cost perspective, and thereby provide an incentive for customers to buy an air-conditioner.

In a building it is estimated that 20% of the solar heat gain comes through the roof & 15% through the walls, and the remaining from the windows, doors, occupants, ground and other heat sources like appliances, etc.. Through calculations it can be established that heat gain from a roof alone reduces

by almost 87% through application of 50mm Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation.

It is possible to reduce heat gain by 70% by proper use of insulation in the building envelope thereby reducing power consumption required to cool the interiors. We have estimated that with a 70% reduction of heat load, the savings accrued through reduced electricity costs are quite dramatic. (Refer to Fig 1 and Fig 2 a graphical representation of the same). This makes the monthly running cost of an air-conditioner in an insulated building come down by almost 70% !!

With such a monthly running cost, the barrier for potential home owners who defer purchases of air-conditioners due to their high monthly running costs gets lowered tremendously. It provides an incentive for more homeowners to buy & avail of the benefits of air-conditioning without having to worry about exorbitant electricity bills.

How Residential Building Insulation improves Air-conditioning performance

Effective residential building insulation reduces heat ingress into the building thereby lowering power consumption for air-conditioning dramatically for the consumer. This is a simple but effective “win-win” situation for all stakeholders.

The initial capital cost of air-conditioners itself may not be a deterrent to many consumers, but the high running costs (increase in monthly electricity bills by at least Rs. 800/- per month) are usually a huge deterrent.

An air-conditioning solution that could be a certain winner in the Indian market would be one that meets two criteria:

• Air-conditioners that entail low initial capital investment.

• Power consumption is low enough so that the increase in monthly electricity cost is very low

Air conditioner manufacturers have already worked on bringing the initial capital investment well within the reach of most Indian home-owners. The easy availability of consumer credit for purchase of appliances also does not make this a major barrier in a “purchase decision”.

With steps like BEE Energy Star certification, the air-conditioning industry has done a lot of work to increase energy efficiency. However, the high power consumption is still viewed as a barrier towards a purchase decision by most home-owners. The running cost for an air-conditioner is still perceived as prohibitively high.

This is where residential building insulation can play an important role by lowering power consumption through a more efficient building envelope. The resultant lower energy bills can makes air-conditioners affordable from a running-cost perspective, and thereby provides an incentive for customers to buy an air-conditioner.

In a building it is estimated that 20% of the solar heat gain comes through the roof & 15% through the walls, and the remaining from the windows, doors, occupants, ground and other heat sources like appliances, etc.. Through calculations it can be established that heat gain from a roof alone reduces by almost 87% through application of 50mm Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation.

It is possible to reduce heat gain by 70% by proper use of insulation in the building envelope thereby reducing power consumption required to cool the interiors. We have estimated that with a 70% reduction of heat load, the savings accrued through reduced electricity costs are quite dramatic. (Refer to Fig 1 & a graphical representation of the same in Fig 2). This makes the monthly running cost of an air-conditioner in an insulated building come down by almost 70% !!

Figure 1 - Energy consumption of air-conditioner in an uninsulated and insulated building

With such a monthly running cost, the barrier for potential home owners who defer purchases of air-conditioners due to their high monthly running costs gets lowered tremendously. It provides an incentive for more homeowners to buy & avail of the benefits of air-conditioning without having to worry about exorbitant electricity bills.

Figure 2 - Savings from use of energy efficient air-conditioners in uninsulated & insulated buildings

In addition to the quantifiable savings that residential building insulation brings, there are several other advantages where the performance of the air-conditioner improves dramatically:

1. Reaches the comfort temperature faster 2. Reduces start-up time by 1/3

rd.

3. Saves Energy & Money – approx. 70% less power consumption 4. Avoids cycling of the compressor meaning that there are no voltage peaks 5. Reduces temperature fluctuations and the whole room will be cooled uniformly & the cooling

effect retained longer.

Why the air-conditioning industry should pitch for residential building insulation

The lack of residential building insulation does not bring out the best efficiency in an air-conditioner in

the current paradigm in India. The recommendation by air-conditioner manufacturers to use building

insulation will bring out the best performance of air-conditioners and will lead to a broadening of the

market for the air-conditioner business.

The McKinsey Report “Pathways to

a low carbon economy, estimates

that the building sector accounts for

3.5% of global greenhouse gas

emissions and is set to increase to

4.6% by 2030.

As mitigation measures, Air

conditioning and building insulation

are areas where maximum reduction

in greenhouse gases can be

achieved in the building sector at the

low costs as mentioned in the

graphics below.

Rs. -

Rs. 2,000

Rs. 4,000

Rs. 6,000

Rs. 8,000

Rs. 10,000

Rs. 12,000

Rs. 14,000

Rs. 16,000

Rs. 18,000

Rs. 20,000

No Star 1 Star 2 Star 3 Star 4 Star 5 Star

Total Electricity Cost per month (Rs)

Total Savings w.r.t "No Star" per annum (Rs)

Total Electricity Cost per month with insulation (Rs)

Total Savings w.r.t (No insulation + "No Star") per annum (Rs)

Figure 3 - Business-as-usual emissions split by sector in 2005 and 2030

Figure 1 -Energy consumption of air-conditioner in an uninsulated and insulated building

Figure 2 -Savings from use of energy efficient air-conditioners in uninsulated & insulated buildings


Why the air-conditioning industry should pitch for residential building insulation

The lack of residential building insulation hampers in bringing out the best efficiency in an air-conditioner in the current paradigm in India. The recommendation by air-conditioner manufacturers to use building insulation will bring out the best performance of air-conditioners and will lead to a broadening of the market for the air-conditioner business.

It is estimated that the building sector accounts for 3.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions and is set to increase to 4.6% by 2030.

As mitigation measures, Air conditioning and building insulation are areas where maximum reduction in greenhouse gases can be achieved in the building sector at low costs.

Building insulation in conjunction with good air-conditioning can thus help reduce energy consumption, and yet provide the comforts of climate control in an environmentally friendly

manner. Thus it would be a responsible, yet good business decision for air-conditioner manufacturers to promote building insulation strongly as a recommended building measure as it will lead to higher air-conditioner sales and also enhances the effectiveness of air-conditioning.

INSUboard XPS Thermal insulation contributes to a Green Building

INSUboard XPS thermal insulation is made in India by Supreme Petrochem Ltd. The use of INSUboard XPS Thermal Insulation enhances the energy performance of the building envelope and lowers costs throughly.

• Lowers energy consumption for cooling & heating resulting in energy savings.

• Lower HVAC equipment sizings resulting in capital costs savings.

• Enhances indoor temperature & air quality therby resulting in better health & productivity for the occupants.

• Enhances building marketability to the owners.

Insulation in ceiling - Application Insulation in roof- Application

Sustainable Use of Glass in Tall Buildings

Tall buildings clad in glass are being constructed in urban environments all around the world. Glass has been the preferred material in the

construction of tall buildings because it offers fast construction, off site fabrication and lightness to the building structure. On the one hand glass is an ingenious façade material but on the other hand, it has made our buildings into energy guzzlers. The amount of energy required to heat or cool a glass building is significantly more than a building with

thermal mass in the exterior walls. The federal, state & city ordained energy efficiency requirements have become more and more stringent and it has become very important to rethink our glass buildings. So where is the demand for glass-clad buildings coming from? Let’s take a brief look at the world of real estate development in particular of New York City to understand this trend. The hope is to understand the demand side of the development industry and renew a set of design management strategies that can at least question if not curb the incessant supply of inefficient glass buildings before they are blindly supplanted all over the developing world.

Form follows New YorkThe famous New York skyline has been a symbol of economic progress and inspiration for a number of burgeoning economic centers all over the world. In order to understand why tall buildings look like the way they do in New York City, we must look at some factors outside of architecture and design which have historically predestined whether a building will be a glass building or mass building.

A look at the Lever house in New York gives a great example of Corporate Modernism in America. This building established a new paradigm for American business. This symbol of Corporate America has driven the vocabulary of steel and glass in high rise corporate towers until the end of the last century culminating with the AOL Time Warner Center in New York City. The difference however was that the latter was developer built. In most cases the developer who builds the projects is not really the end user. The developer typically leverages the pre-construction sales of the building to secure lending from banking institutions for construction and once the building is built the developer transfers the ownership to the future buyers and exits. Bluntly speaking, it is a bottom-line business. “Owners want the quickest build-out at the lowest first cost in order for the future tenants to occupy the space and generate revenue as soon as possible”, says Michael Deane of Turner Construction. So there is usually a limited interest in features that have long term benefits, such as energy efficiency measures, as the developers are not generally around to reap those benefits. Lever House, New York

New York Skyline

This article is penned by Mr.Bhaskar Srivastava. He is a senior executive of Ismael Leyva Architects (ILA) he has a Master of Architecture degree from the University of Texas at Austin, Being a LEED Accredited Professional and a member of the United States Green Building Council (USGBC), Bhaskar has worked on several levels of LEED recognized developments. He has traveled widely and also worked as a Historical Preservationist alongside Archaeologists in restoring ancient Greek structures for the Museum of Tauric Chersonesos in Sevastopol, Crimea. He is currently involved with the international operations for ILA in Doha and New Delhi.

Form follows Marketing

Most tall luxury buildings are being sold with fancy European names making promises of the elysium that lies within. The promise of extreme comfort, sprawling views and out-of-the world amenities brings in astronomical amounts of dollars per square foot in sales. The cost of constructing residences or hotel rooms in these tall mixed use developments is usually so prohibitive that they have to be marketed as ultra-luxury items in order to recover the costs. The marketing team is brought in to create a sales strategy very early in the planning process. They target the very slim section of demographics that will pay a very high price per square foot if their priorities are met. The priority list of this very slim section of the demographics becomes a big determinant of building design. We have observed that this buyer prioritizes sprawling views, security, recreation amenities and comfort technologies much before they even consider the exterior design of the building. However, the demand for sprawling views has a great impact on the exterior skin of the building. The design challenge typically is to preserve the buyer’s priority for views and still achieve a high performance building.

Form follows Energy Demand

Sustainable architecture today is focused on reducing energy consumption in buildings. However, our built environment is shaped more by energy demand rather than energy consumption. While the power consumption in tall buildings has been brought down with daylighting strategies, LED lighting, occupancy sensors etc, the demand load is still 3-4 times the consumption in these buildings. The demand loads can only be brought down by reducing the mechanical infrastructure in these buildings without compromising thermal comfort and allowable factors of safety.

Whereas real prices of various energy forms have been decreasing during most of the industrial history, due to economies of scale and technology, the expectation for the future is the opposite. We have realized that the real problem facing us is not just population growth but population growth coupled with the fact that our resources are finite. Tall sustainable buildings will need to reduce the burden on city infrastructure & the energy industry by installing some demand side strategies and actually reducing the infrastructural requirements of these buildings.

Conclusion: Form follows Technology

Historically, tall buildings have fueled the vanity of large corporations and developers. The glitzy glass clad tall buildings have heralded economic progress on the skyline of many cities. Times have changed and glass clad buildings are being criticized for their energy inefficiency. The need to conserve, recycle and reuse resources is more urgent than ever. The vision of endless corporate utopia offered by glass clad skylines needs a little adjustment. With the development of double or triple skin facades or pressure equalized 2 or 3 element systems, tall buildings can be made to perform efficiently. We need to use the latest in these technologies and transfer it to the local context of their construction.

Tall buildings may form a small percentage of our total built environment but they are definitely the most visible elements of our urban centers. Sustainable tall buildings should use this ability to showcase the visible elements of green technologies in order to sensitize the spectators with their

built environment.

AOL Time Warner Centre, New York


What can we do to stop Global Warming ?From the month of February itself, you must be tired of the scotching and unbearable heat. Mangoes that were available only in the month of May-June have hit the markets in March itself. So what do you think is the reason????…. The only reason for this untimely rise in temperature is – GLOBAL WARMING !!

What can we do to stop Global Warming?

• Replace a regular incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb (cfl). CFLs use 60% less energy than a regular bulb.

• Choose energy efficient appliances when making new purchases. Look for the Energy Star label on new appliances to choose the most energy efficient products available.

• Do not leave appliances on standby. Use the "on/off" function on the machine itself. A TV set that's switched on for 3 hours a day and in standby mode during the remaining 21 hours uses about 40% of its energy in standby mode.

• Cover your pots while cooking. Doing so can save a lot of the energy needed for preparing the dish.

• Choose products that come with little packaging and buy refills when you can.

• Reuse your shopping bag. When shopping, it saves energy and waste to use a reusable bag instead of accepting a disposable one in each shop. Waste not only discharges CO2 and methane into the atmosphere, it can also pollute the air, groundwater and soil.

• Plant a tree. A single tree will absorb one ton of carbon dioxide over its lifetime. Shade provided by trees can also reduce your air conditioning bill by 10 to 15%.

Author: Abhay Desai – Director Marketing South Asia, Diversey India Pvt Ltd.

• Buy fresh foods instead of frozen. Frozen food uses 10

times more energy to produce.

• Drive carefully and do not waste fuel. You can reduce

CO2 emissions by readjusting your driving style. Choose

proper gears, do not abuse the gas pedal, use the engine

brake instead of the pedal brake when possible and turn

off your engine when your vehicle is motionless for more

than one minute. By readjusting your driving style you can

save money on both fuel and car maintenance.

• Protect and conserve forest worldwide. Forests play a critical role in global warming: they store carbon. When forests are burned or cut down, their stored carbon is release into the atmosphere. Deforestation now accounts for about 20% of carbon dioxide emissions each year.

• Encourage Others to Conserve. Share information about recycling and energy conservation with your friends, neighbors and co-workers, and take opportunities to encourage public officials to establish programs and policies that are good for the environment. Conservation, substitution alternative energy sources, recycling, sequestration of carbon, transportation alternatives, and generally promoting wider awareness of the threats that global warming and pollution represent to us.

A cleaner, healthier future.As JohnsonDiversey, you expected us to deliver the best, most effective portfolio of cleaning products. You relied on our world-class innovation and service to make cleaning and sanitation more efficient. You valued partnering with us to address the most challenging needs. You looked to our leadership in making a cleaner, healthier future for the world.

Now, we’re simplifying our name under one powerful brand—Diversey—to better reflect our world leadership in the commercial cleaning and hygiene business. As Diversey, you can continue to expect us to deliver the very best products, services and partnership. And you can count on us to do even more to deliver real, sustainable value.

We’re Diversey, and we’re leading the world toward a cleaner, healthier future.

Diversey India Pvt. LtdA - 8, Laxmi Towers, Bandra Kurla ComplexMumbai 400 051Tel: 022 66444222www.diversey.com

ITC Green CentreInspired by nature

In a chapter of The Road, Rachael Carlson wrote "the road we have been taking is deceptively easy

a smooth super highway on which we progress with great speed, but at its end lies disaster. The other fork of the road -the one less travelled by" -offers our last our only chance to reach a destination that assures the preservation of our earth.

ITC commenced its journey on the less traveled road some 17 years ago. In the bargain, discovering unknown opportunities leading to new ways of doing old things, learning the art of eco designing, which is nothing but the art of seeing opportunities where none exist.

Conceptualization, modeling and scaling up has been the forte of the Company. The ecological challenges thrown up by modern industrial life styles have brought in its wake innumerable challenges which need to be addressed creatively & innovatively by process, policy and design innovation which will hopefully result in reducing our collective environment foot print.

"During the next quarter century, the most significant net contribution to a greener world will be made by industry. Not every company is there yet, but most are trying. Those that aren't trying won't be a problem simply because they won't be around long term". Ed Woolard - former chairman of DuPont

The Company, as an ecological pioneer, has over the years integrated environment imperatives in its entire management system right from roots to shoots. In a very short span of time the Company has established more than 400 check dams in rural parts of India to enhance water security for the marginalized farmers & helped over 2 million farmers to enhance their earning capacity through knowledge empowerment techniques. Its paper division has reduced water consumption from 250 tones of water to 50 tones water per tone of paper produced.

The Welcomgroup chain has been identified as the greenest chain in the country by Business Standard. With the already established "green lining" that exists in the company, it was easy for the management to

plunge into the Green Building concept which emerged in India in 2002.

The work in our new ITC office project had already commenced and management had to make some course correction to adopt the criteria laid by USGBC. Inspite of the fact that there will be time and cost over runs, this bold green initiative was taken and implemented.

With exploding population, increase earning capacity and with the higher aspirations of people, the pressure on natural resources will go up exponentially and as rightly pointed out by many enlightened people, such growth is not sustainable. Therefore, a need for creative means of regulating the use of finite natural resources.

The Green Building has the following features in brief:

• Building constructed with Fly Ash based cement RMC (3.36%), Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) Blocks (55%)

• Double glazed windows with low-e coating• Rain water harvesting• Use of Variable Air Volume Chiller of 6.1• CFC, HCFC & Halon free air- conditioning system• Solar thermal water heating system for hot water

generation• Light pollution reduction• Use of day lighting resulting in reduction of life

cycle cost on energy front• Energy efficient lighting (T5 lamps with electronic

ballast,high efficient luminarie)• Water saving techniques• Water efficient landscaping• Sewage treatment plant and waste water recycling• Low VOC, rapidly renewable & certified materials• Use of certified wood• Eco friendly house keeping chemicals & practices• Environment Tobacco smoke control• Carbon dioxide monitoring


In a country where the construction industry is growing

at the rate of 10% per annum approximately, a few green

buildings will not suffice. Keeping the above perspective

in place, ITC Green Centre has been instrumental in

engaging all stake holders in green building practices,

introduced Green building concepts & demonstrated

to law makers so that changed policies and economic

instruments of GOI results in green building becoming

part of building bye laws, as opposed to few organizations

taking up the green path in construction.

The organization, during the construction stage,

sensitized 3,000 stake holders of ITC Green Centre. In

addition ITC Welcomgroup conducts regular eco design

programmes for schools, colleges, SME’s (Small and

Medium Enterprises) and chambers of commerce as part

of its eco - responsible best practices, so that a cascading

effect takes place in the shortest span of time.

Thus the ITC Green Centre in Gurgoan with 53 points

in the LEED rating system is the platinum certified

green building. This initiative by a giant corporate like

Welcomgroup is definitely a trend setting example.

Believed to be inspired from the nature, it inspires

other new ventures too, in that way apart from its

contribution to the nature, it may be considered to be

spreading the message of green in a wider angle. And

definitely the amount of thought gone behind the

design and execution is marvellous. The Welcomgroup’s

involvement in going green is evident by their self

initiatives such as the green education, and the effort to

make green building as a part of the bye laws. Inspired to

be GREEN thanks Welcomgroup for such initiatives, and

believe that it shall widespread the concept of green.

E - Waste & RecyclingAddressing an upcoming threat

Defining e -wasteE-Waste for short - or Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) - is the term used to describe old, end-of-life or discarded appliances using electricity. It includes computers, consumer electronics, fridges etc which have been disposed of by their original users. E-Waste contains both valuable materials as well as hazardous materials which require special handling and recycling methods.

Examples: Computers, LCD / CRT screens, cooling appliances, mobile phones, etc., contain precious metals, flame retarded plastics, CFC foams and many other substances.

European Union (EU) Directive on WEEE

Large Household AppliancesWashing machines, Dryers, Refrigerators, Air-conditioners, etc.

Small Household AppliancesVacuum cleaners, Coffee Machines, Irons, Toasters, etc

Office, Information & Communication EquipmentPCs, Latops, Mobiles, Telephones, Fax Machines, Copiers, Printers etc.

Entertainment & Consumer ElectronicsTelevisions, VCR/DVD/CD players, Hi-Fi sets, Radios, etc

Lighting EquipmentFluorescent tubes, sodium lamps etc. (Except: Bulbs, Halogen Bulbs)

Electric and Electronic ToolsDrills, Electric saws, Sewing Machines, Lawn Mowers etc. (Except: large stationary tools/machines)

Toys, Leisure, Sports and Recreational EquipmentElectric train sets, coin slot machines, treadmills etc.

Medical Instruments and Equipment

Surveillance and Control Equipment

Automatic Issuing Machines

Implications to Environment

E-waste poses many health and environment problems if disposed improperly due to the hazardous materials that are contained in e-waste such as lead, mercury and cadmium.

Computer monitors, batteries, circuit boards and even toner and ink products are common e-waste items that require disposal. Computer monitors contain lead that when land filled ends up in our water and our soil. Most e-waste contains significant amounts of mercury, and almost all plastic found in electronics contain brominate flame retardants.

Computers and display units contain significant amounts of material that are hazardous to human health if they are not disposed of properly. Monitors and televisions constitute 40% of all lead and 70% of all heavy metals found in landfills. These heavy metals and other toxins that can leach into the soil from landfills, evaporate into the air, and enter the air through incineration.

E-waste constitutes only 5-8 percent of municipal solid waste, yet it is accumulating at a rate three times that of other solid waste.

by Santhosh M, IGBC AP e-mail: [email protected]

Toxins in e-waste include polyvinyl chloride (PVC plastics), copper, lead, mercury, arsenic (in older models), cadmium, manganese, cobalt, gold, and iron.

Between 1994 and 2003, disposal of PCs resulted in 718,000 tons of lead, 287 tons of mercury, and 1,363 tons of cadmium being placed in landfills.There is uncertainty about the intensity of the impact of chemicals in e-waste on human health. Toxicology is not an exact science, and there is rarely universal agreement on how a given chemical substance affects human physiology. This disagreement is compounded by the fact that hazard identification tests are often conducted using mice and rats, and then extrapolated to identify human carcinogens and toxins.

This figure from the Texas Senate Research Center shows the location of contaminants in a standard home computer.

1. Lead in cathode ray tubes and solder2. Arsenic in older cathode ray tubes3. Selenium circuid boards as power supply4. Polybrominated flame retardants in plastic castings, cables and circuit boards.5. Antimony trioxide as flame retardant.6. Cadmium in circuit boards and semi-conductors.7. Chrommium in steel as corrosion protection.8. Cobalt in steel for structure and magnetivity.9. Mercury in switches and housing

Source of e-wastes Constituent Health effects

Solder in printed circuit boards, glass panels and gaskets in computer monitors

Lead (PB)• Damage to central and peripheral nervous

systems, blood systems and kidney damage.• Affects brain development of children.

Chip resistors and semiconductors Cadmium (CD)

• Toxic irreversible effects on human health.• Accumulates in kidney and liver.• Causes neural damage.• Teratogenic.

Relays and switches, printed circuit boards

Mercury (Hg)• Chronic damage to the brain.• Respiratory and skin disorders due to

bioaccumulation in fishes.

Corrosion protection of untreated and galvanized steel plates, decorator or hardner for steel housings

Hexavalentchromium (Cr)

• Asthmatic bronchitis.• DNA damage.

Cabling and computer housing Plastics including PVC

Burning produces dioxin. It causes• Reproductive and developmental problems;• Immune system damage;• Interfere with regulatory hormones

Plastic housing of electronic equipments and circuit boards.

Brominated flame retardants (BFR)

• Disrupts endocrine system functions

Front panel of CRTs Barium (Ba)Short term exposure causes:• Muscle weakness;• Damage to heart, liver and spleen.

Motherboard Beryllium (Be)

• Carcinogenic (lung cancer)• Inhalation of fumes and dust. Causes chronic

beryllium disease or beryllicosis.• Skin diseases such as warts.

Sources of e-waste with their constituents & effects


Recycling Technologies E-waste management practices comprise of various means of final disposal of end-of-life equipment which have different impacts on human health and the environment. It can be distinguished between hazardous technologies that bear a great risk for both health and the environment and are often applied in countries, where no strict standards exist and state-of-the-art e recycling technologies, which comply with high environmental and occupational health standards.

Hazardous Technologies

Incineration

It is the process of destroying waste through burning. Because of the variety of substances found in e-waste, incineration is associated with a major risk of generating and dispersing contaminants and toxic substances. The gases released during the burning and the residue ash is toxic.

Open burning

Since open fires burn at relatively low temperatures, they release many more pollutants than in a controlled incineration. Inhalation of open fire emissions can trigger asthma attacks, respiratory infections, and cause other problems such as coughing, wheezing, chest pain, and eye irritation. Often open fires burn with a lack of oxygen, forming carbon monoxide, which poisons the blood when inhaled.

Landfilling

Landfilling is one of the most widely used methods of waste disposal. However, it is common knowledge that all landfills leak. The leachate often contains heavy metals and other toxic substances which can contaminate ground and water resources. Even well planned ones which are sealed to prevent toxins from entering the ground are not completely tight in the long-term.

State-of-the-art Recycling TechnologiesThe state-of-the-art recycling of e-waste comprises three steps:

1. Detoxication

The first step in the recycling process is the removal of critical components from the e-waste in order to avoid dilution of and / or contamination with toxic substances during the downstream processes.

2. Shredding

Mechanical processing is the next step in e-waste treatment, Typical components of a mechanical processing plant are crushing units, shredders, magnetic-eddy-current- and air-separators. The gas emissions are filtered and effluents are treated to minimize environmental impact.

3. Refining

The third step of e-waste recycling is refining. Refining of resources in e-waste is possible and the technical solutions exist to get back raw material with minimal environmental impact. Most of the fractions need to be refined or conditioned in order to be sold as secondary raw materials or to be disposed of in a final disposal site.

E-waste and its Recycling in IndiaGlobalization which has lead to giant leap in telecommunication, information system and also the change in the lifestyle of people has made India to generate quite large quantity of e-waste in the recent years. And since the e-waste management policy is not clearly defined, the present disposal is of hazardous nature. No accurate estimates of the quantity of e-waste generated and recycled is available in India.

Major portion of e-waste is processed by the informal (unorganized) sector using rudimentary techniques such as acid leaching and open-air burning, which results in severe environmental damage. E-waste workers have little or no knowledge of toxins in e-waste and are exposed to health hazards. High-risk backyard recycling operations impact vulnerable social groups like women, children and immigrant labourers. Inefficient recycling processes result in substantial losses of material value and resources. Cherry-picking by recyclers who recover precious metals (gold, platinum, silver, copper, etc) and improperly dispose of the rest, posing environmental hazards. There is no specific legislation for dealing with e-waste at present.

WEE Generating Top 10 Cities

City WEE (in tonnes)

Mumbai 11017.1

Delhi 9730.3

Bengaluru 4648.4

Kolkata 4025.3

Chennai 4132.2

Ahmedabad 3287.5

Hyderabad 2833.5

Pune 2584.2

Nagpur 1768.9

Surat 1836.5

The Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) of the government of India is responsible for environmental legislation and its control. The Central PollutionControl Board (CPCB), an autonomous body under the MoEF, plays an important role in drafting guidelines and advising the MoEF on policy matters regarding environmental issues. Historically, in 2001 in cooperation with MoEF, the German Technology Cooperation (GTZ) began work on hazardous waste management in India through the advisory services in environmental management. Subsequently, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (EMPA) started to implement its global programme ‘Knowledge Partnerships in e-waste Recycling.’

Combining the knowledge and technical expertise of EMPA on ewaste management, coupled with the field experience of the Indo-German projects in managing hazardous waste in India, the Indo-German-Swiss ewaste initiative was born in 2004. The vision of this initiative is to establish a clean e-waste channel that is a:

1. Convenient collection and disposal system for large and small consumers to return all their e-waste safely.2. Voluntary system for modern and concerned producers to care for their product beyond its useful life.3. Financially secure system that makes environmentally and socially responsible e-waste recycling viable.

The objectives of the initiative are:1. Reduce the risks to the population and the pollution of the environment resulting from unsafe handling.2. Focus on knowledge transfer to and skills upgrade of all involved stakeholders through trainings and seminars.3. Target mainly the existing informal recyclers allowing for their maximum but safe participation in future e-waste management by facilitating their evolution and integration in formal structures.

Status of e-waste initiatives in India

Existing e-waste recycling ventures in India• Eco Recycling Limited (Ecoreco) in Mumbai was incorporated in September 2007 to manage end of life electrical &

electronic waste in an organized manner employing necessary technology & methodology to derive commercial objective and also to protect ecology & environment.

• Attero Recycling in Noida was in the year 2007 with an objective of providing an environmentally friendly solution to the problem of e-waste. It’s, an integrated end-to-end electronic waste (e-waste) recycling company.

• E-Parisaraa in Bengaluru started in the year 2005, aiming to reduce the accumulation of used and discarded electronic and electrical equipment and preventing it reaching the landfills.

• Trishyiraya Recycling in Chennai, is an e-Waste recycling company, which provides e-waste management consultancy, it’s a wholly owned Indian subsidiary of SIMS Recycling Solutions. SIMS group is a USD 8.0 billion corporation having facilities in over 200 locations across the globe.

Apart from such private initiatives it requires large scale government interventions in policy level and also in action to tackle this upcoming threat, and the people’s awareness and support is most important.


Nano technology & Green Buildings

Author: Nitin Narang, LEED AP

Nitin’s 10-year international background offers involvement in architecture and urban design projects focused on sustainable design in India, USA, UAE & Europe. This study was initiated by Nitin as independent research while at University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign. (Email: [email protected])

The biggest plans for the future of our built environment are actually very, very small. The multi billion dollar per year nanotechnology industry has already begun to transform our buildings and how we use them; if its potential becomes reality, it could transform our world in ways undreamed of. Nanotechnology has the potential to radically alter our built environment and how we live. It is potentially the most transformative technology we have ever faced, generating more research and debate than nuclear weapons, space travel, computers or any of the other technologies that

have shaped our lives. It brings with it enormous questions, concerns and consequences. It raises hopes and fears in every aspect of our lives—social, economic, cultural, political, and spiritual. Yet its potential to transform our built environment remains largely unexplored. The nanotech revolution is bringing dramatic improvements in building performance, energy efficiency, environmental sensing, and sustainability, leading the way to greener buildings.

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the molecular scale, is opening new possibilities in green building through products like solar energy collecting paints, nanogel high-insulating translucent panels, and heat-absorbing windows. Even more dramatic breakthroughs are now in development such as paint-on lasers that could one day allow materials to send information to each other, windows that shift from transparent to opaque with the flip of a switch, and environmentally friendly biocides for preserving wood. These breakthrough materials are opening new frontiers in green building, offering unprecedented performance in energy efficiency, durability, economy and sustainability.

Chromogenic Technology: Application of Nanotechnology to Green Buildings

Smart MaterialsA number of companies are using nanotechnology to add special characteristics to product surfaces, which can be anything from stain-resistance and colour durability to self-cleaning, improved hardness and scratch-resistance, corrosion and UV resistance, and improved thermal performance. Two nanoparticles that stand out in their application to construction materials are titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes. The former is being used for its ability to break down dirt or pollution and then allow it to be washed off by rain water on everything from concrete to glass and the latter is being used to strengthen and monitor concrete. Coatings made from nano-particles can be unusually tough or slippery, or exhibit unusual properties, such as changing color when current is applied or cleaning themselves when it rains. Hybrid Materials with desired properties and products like Nano Solar Paints provide unimaginable benefits.

Building Envelope and Thermal PerformanceBy tweaking molecular properties affecting thermal performance, manufacturers have been able to significantly improve this quality in some materials, offering potential energy-efficiency benefits to buildings. Aerogels, very lightweight solids made from silica and carbon, are a high-performing thermal product benefiting from nanotechnology.

Structural SystemsAn outline research agenda for nanotechnology in cement and concrete covering the next two decades has been enacted; however, practical applications have not yet emerged. Goals include improving mechanical and shrinkage properties, reducing energy consumption during cement production, developing self-powered sensors to monitor the performance of installations and developing innovative concrete materials. Material can be made ten times as strong & durable as steel for the same mass.

At Nanoscale different laws of physics come into play, properties of traditional materials change, the behavior of surfaces start to dominate the behavior of bulk materials, and whole realms open for us. Researchers suggest that nanotechnology will increasingly help the building industry to improve the performance of its buildings. For the time being, cost and the relatively small number of practical applications hold back much of the prospects for nanotechnology in the construction industry. However, materials are the core business of construction, and the prospects for change are significant in the not too distant future. The sheer size and scope of the construction industry means that the accompanying economic impact will be huge.

Structural System – Use of Carbon Fiber

Flow chart showing Nanotechnology, Sustainability and impacts on Built Form

Trans-humanism

Semiconductors

Smart Materials

Structural System

Building Envelope

Adaptable Processes

Energy Revolution/ Sustainable Methods

Built Form

Nanotechnology


building

Green Building MaterialsThe choice of materials and products used in a building play an important role in the “Greeness” of a project and has a major role in energy savings, indoor environment and can reduce the environmental impact of building construction. The LEED and IGBC rating systems are excellent guides which provide a framework for the team to work towards green, although architects and consultants need to go above and beyond the rating systems to achieve higher levels of sustainability.

What are “Green Materials”?The “Greenest Material” in the world, is the material which has not been used, and does not exist in the building. It has zero embodied energy and zero carbon foot-print! This brings us to the core of Green Building design, which is minimum material and maximum efficiency. The team should validate the design through energy and lighting simulations such that no element of the building is over designed or unnecessary or only for aesthetic purposes. Beauty comes from simple and harmonious buildings, not from add-ons, this concept is evident in all of Nature’s creations. I believe that materials and products in a building are “Green” by virtue of how they are used in an appropriate manner.

When designing, also consider the “Cradle to Cradle” concept, which was so well developed and articulated by sustainability pioneer, William McDonough. Any product and material we use in the building should be put back in the manufacturing process after its use in the building. For example, the insulation from a demolished building should be capable or direct reuse or processed in some way so that it can be made into new

insulation (recycled content) or made into an entirely new product. Currently, most of our building materials and systems follow the “Cradle to Grave” system and we are running out of space for “Graves” in India!

A lot has been said about the use of glass in a Green Building, what is your take on this?

A simple analogy; medicines are vital to all life to maintain health and cure disease. Drug abuse is when we use these in an inappropriate way and actually cause harm to ourselves. Similarly, glass is a vital element in our buildings bringing in daylight and a connection to the outdoors. Just like drug abuse, when architects and clients use glass with no respect to the climate and site, it becomes a deterrent to the operating cost of the building and health of its occupants. Energy and lighting simulations can help you to optimize the glass quantity, orientation, shading and thermal properties as well as guides like ECBC and ASHRAE can assist in the building design. If used intelligently “Glass can be Green”.


Simulation has a major role to play in material selection; can you please elaborate the benefits?

Simulation is one of the best design validation tools available to architects and engineers of modern buildings before a single brick is laid. The performance of the building can be predicted and optimized to work in an integrated and efficient system. This is the opportunity for the team to reduce costs by going Green and break the misconception that Green Buildings costs more.

Energy Simulation helps the team predict the energy consumption and optimize the building elements like walls, roofs, glazing, insulation and glazing. The HVAC and renewable energy system can be optimized to save first and operating costs. Also, any green building / energy conservation strategy can be calculated, validated and payback period estimated.

Lighting and Solar modeling is used to predict natural daylight, artificial light as well as heat gain in the building. These results can be analyzed and fine tuned to optimize glazing, design shading devices and develop a day lighting system that maximizes natural light and compliments it with artificial light to achieve savings and a better indoor environment.

The savings have a snowball effect on energy conservation as reduced heat ingress and lighting loads result in downsized HVAC systems and in turn smaller DG and Transformers. The results are lower operating costs and reduced maintenance. It is a win-win for everyone involved.

India has always been sustainable, so why is the Green Building such a new concept?

It is true that Green & sustainability has been part of our ethos and culture from time immemorial. Our

forefathers were brilliant at living in harmony with nature and “treading softly” on our Mother Earth. It is very important to understand that the goals of sustainability haven’t changed, but the way we build and our lifestyle requirements have gone radical change. We have gone from hand fans to mechanical fans to air conditioners, from living with nature to protect ourselves from it. We should be inspired by our heritage, not imitate it. Surprisingly, some of us build with this ancient technology rather than adopting some of the new materials and technology available. Understanding our past helps us to move forward confidently, but holding on to the past will prevent progress.

Where do you see Green in India going from here?

Green Buildings are here to stay and the number and awareness will only increase in the future. People are becoming more aware and conscious and would like to do their part in preventing climate change and global warming. Sustainability will become mainstream architecture, services and construction and Green lifestyles will be the only way forward for humanity.

I look forward to the day where every building is Green, where every building offsets its carbon footprint and has a zero discharge & waste generation and the people of India will not accept anything less than a Green Building. We need to show that we care about more than just ourselves, for this is a world we share with million other plants and animals and our future generations should have the pleasure and joy of experiencing it, just as well, if not better, than we do every day of our lives.

Mr. Dhruv Futnani, LEED AP, IGBC AP.

Dhruv is an Architect and Green Building Consultant who has worked on various certified LEED Platinum projects in India and USA. He may be contacted at 9500076968 or [email protected]

Inspired to be GREEN, thanks Mr.Dhruv Futnani, for sharing his thoughts about green building to us.

To design buildings which reduce energy consumption, create healthy environment and restrict negative impacts on nature it takes a team of dedicated architects

and engineers. The use of right materials along with optimized orientation and design of the building have a great impact on the buildings energy consumption. High performance and lightweight materials which allow fast construction give new opportunities to increase energy-efficiency in buildings.

The construction industry has developed materials which are stronger and many times lighter compared to traditional used materials, whereby reducing the quantity of material used. Lightweight construction helps to reduce the environmental footprint of buildings and makes them more sustainable, by reducing the embodied energy. The market demand for high performance buildings and efficient use of energy has guided the construction industry to find building materials providing better quality and reduced environmental impact. In the search for high performance building materials, gypsum boards have conquered the market for partitions and ceilings in many countries around the globe. These boards have raised the standards for building materials by combining qualities of exceptional fire ratings, sound insulation and design flexibility as well as meeting the builder’s expectation for a fast and affordable construction.

Drywall construction with gypsum boards is 9 times lighter then compared to brick wall, hence the whole building structures can be made lighter which saves concrete, steel and reduces the environmental footprint of the building.

Sustainability and “green” by definition doesn’t mean only environment friendly but also comfort to the users and affordability. Gypsum drywalls on this aspect are not only

3-4 times faster to install but also provide thermal insulation, acoustic insulation up to 72 dB and improve the indoor air quality making it an appropriate material for a fast developing construction market such as India. The international trend of replacing inefficient “wet constructions” with drywalls is gaining ground in India and successful implementation of drywall systems in our country is promising a fast developing market for gypsum boards.

Mr. Olivier Chaudet, CEO of Lafarge Boral Gypsum India sees one of the greatest challenges for the Indian market in training skilled labor and building awareness on advantages of drywall system products. To address issues of training Lafarge has established a world class training centre and invested in a mobile training facility where yearly about 1000 people are trained, some of them certified by going through the complete installation course. At construction site certified installers supervise the application of gypsum boards and ensure a new quality level for this application. Lafarge as a Group invests half of the R&D budget in the sustainability construction segment, and the results are convincing. Innovation that brings value to customers and contributes towards more sustainable constructions is the main aim of such a focus through investment in research. A successful product is developed by working closely with the design community to learn of specific requirements and address the different needs of architects and builders.

To address the issue of awareness LaGyp the brand of complete gypsum board solutions by Lafarge in India has also worked on several programs to be close to the design community as part of its global approach. Programs such as the Lafarge Avant Garde offers exchange opportunities through workshops, international knowledge sharing trips and online information as well as consultancy services.

Gypsum Boards

The Sustainable yet affordable solution

Source : Research - Inspired to be GREEN Inspired to be GREEN I Volume 7 I 39

On a commercial aspect gypsum drywalls are probably the best solution saving considerable amount on the structure thanks to its light weight. With one of the highest impact on the sustainability – LaGyp drywall systems can provide points under the LEED India New Construction rating system:

• Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1 - Optimize Energy Performance – 1 Point• Materials & Resources Credit 2.1 & 2.2 - Construction Waste Management – 1 or 2 Points• Materials & Resources Credit 3.1 - Building Reuse – 1 Point• Materials & Resources Credit 3.1 & 3.2 - Resource Reuse – 1 or 2 Points• Materials & Resources Credit 4.1 & 4.3- Recycled Content – 1 or 2 Points• Materials & Resources Credit 5.1& 5.2- Regional Materials – 1 or 2 Points• Indoor Environmental Quality Credit 3.1 – Construction IAQ Management Plan (During Construction) – 1 Point• Indoor Environmental Quality Credit 4.1 & 4.2 – Low Emitting Materials – 2 Points• Water Conservation Credit 4.1 – Water use Reduction – 1 Point

LaGyp Boards can contribute up to 14 Points for LEED India New Construction Rating System (source: Lafarge & IGBC). Hence gypsum drywalls is in true sense the best solution for constructions that needs to be “sustainable yet affordable”. It is for this reason that forward looking people in the design and construction community ranging from 5 star properties like JW Mariott to budget hotel chains like the Ginger Hotels by Tata have taken the step towards this more efficient way of construction. By using complete gypsum board systems in their ongoing projects the builders are able to meet the tight construction schedule.

Comparison of Gypsum Boards with other materials

Messy due to wet constructionWastage is highFast and easyRelocation

3 KN/MNot tested3 KN/MCrowd pressure

22 Lt/m2Negligible98% less than brick wall

Water consumption during construction

Not tested

Same as gypsum board

75 mm

Joints visible

220 to 270 sq.ft can be completed by 1 person in one day

Rs. 90 to 110 / sq.ft

K Value .17w/mk

Not fire resistant

Easy to Install

Plywood

Reduction Up-to 45 dB max

Gypsum board partitions are 9 times lighter than brick wall

140 mm

Seamless finish only after pop


Rs. 50 to 55 / sq.ft

Not known

Fire resistant but no fire rating calculated

Masonry work

Brick wall

Reduction Up to 72 dB

STC –Acoustic Performance

9 times lighter than brick wall (100kg per sq.mt )

Weight

75 mmMinimum thickness

Seamless finishFinish


Time for Installation

Rs. 70 to 75 / sq.ftCost of Installation

K Value .16w/mkThermal Insulation

Proven fire resistance starting from 30min to 4 hrs fire rating

Fire Resistance

Easy to InstallInstallation

Gypsum Board

Messy due to wet constructionWastage is highFast and easyRelocation

3 KN/MNot tested3 KN/MCrowd pressure

22 Lt/m2Negligible98% less than brick wall

Water consumption during construction

Not tested

Same as gypsum board

75 mm

Joints visible


Rs. 90 to 110 / sq.ft

K Value .17w/mk

Not fire resistant

Easy to Install

Plywood

Reduction Up-to 45 dB max

Gypsum board partitions are 9 times lighter than brick wall

140 mm

Seamless finish only after pop


Rs. 50 to 55 / sq.ft

Not known

Fire resistant but no fire rating calculated

Masonry work

Brick wall

Reduction Up to 72 dB

STC –Acoustic Performance

9 times lighter than brick wall (100kg per sq.mt )

Weight

75 mmMinimum thickness

Seamless finishFinish


Time for Installation

Rs. 70 to 75 / sq.ftCost of Installation

K Value .16w/mkThermal Insulation

Proven fire resistance starting from 30min to 4 hrs fire rating

Fire Resistance

Easy to InstallInstallation

Gypsum Board

For more information on sponsorship opportunities contact us on [email protected] or call us on +91 99458 65084

At SICI 2010,

Learn about latest trends and strategies in design, construction, materials and operation of green buildings

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Young Green

Leaders

A gene is the basic unit of hereditary and our aim is to introduce the Green Gene into people. It

means using more environment friendly products and promoting green practices. This encourages others to use them too. “Green the Gene” is an international student movement which was started in 2004 by a small group of children from Eicher School, India and today it has developed to a big group of volunteers from many schools across the world. The environmental activities include tree plantations in many parts of the country. Rallies to help saving the Yamuna River have been organized from Green the Gene, the initiative included an art for the Yamuna Campaign, in which students of many different schools came and drew for saving the river from the Commonwealth Games Construction on the river. Green the Gene members also sent a signature petition to the Prime Minister of India regarding the same. Campaigns against poly-bags and motivation of people to use virgin plastics instead are part of their activities as well as work with slum children to sensitize them about environmental issues have been undertaken by these young green leaders.

Inspired to be Green is happy to see the next generation of Green Leaders involved in many green campaigns that help to make our world a better place. You can contact the passionate members of green the Gene at [email protected]

Gypsum Boards | Ceiling Tiles | Metal Systems | Jointing & Finishing

For projects, please write to our technical enquiry line at [email protected]

Innovative & Customized interior solutions Eco-friendly materials Technical support & state-of-the-art training centre

In compliance with Indian Standards encourages you and your designs, to go where your imagination takes you! Be it

technical support, worldwide quality standards, meeting simple needs as well as providing a world class solution to complex

designs, keeping the cost factor in mind, has the answer. Aesthetically designed, innovatively conceptualized and

performance oriented, has made its presence felt in India and is here to bring life to an idea.

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Head Office: Lafarge Boral Gypsum India Pvt. Ltd., Plot 33B, Sector 32, Gurgaon, Haryana, Tel.: 0124 4788888

Email: [email protected] Website: www.lafarge-gypsum.in

Plant: RIICO Industrial Area, Khushkhera, District Alwar, Rajasthan

Regional Contacts:

• Andhra Pradesh : +91 9502033740 • Assam : +91 9435042158 • Chandigarh, Haryana & H.P : +91 9888901410

• Coimbatore & Kerala : +91 9894660439 • Delhi/NCR : +91 9911337773 • Indore : +91 9827033665

• Jaipur : +91 9772890766 • Jammu & Kashmir : +91 9858170051 • Karnataka : +91 9902181100 • Kolkata : +91 9830962599

• Lucknow : +91 98384 55500 • Mumbai : +91 9833229222 • Punjab : +91 9878649124 • Tamil Nadu : +91 9677044385

with

with

Like many, I never really understood exactly how much of an impact bamboo has been having on the sustainable building industry and more

generally carbon sequestration potentials. However, recently, a client of PGI approached us as a UNEP partner-consultant and it provided PGI a unique opportunity to deeply research the industry from end to end. Fact is, bamboo is a quite remarkable plant with yet to be tapped potentials. I think the reason it hasn't caught on more in India is the lack of integrated management and project ownership. I'm pretty sure the stigma of 'poor man's wood' has been erased but still you find agro-investors much more drawn to the 'classics' like Teak and Eucalyptus; and that's confounding because bamboo is such a better option. However, that being said, some of the world's best research on propagation and nursery techniques have come out of Indian institutions over the past twenty years. Ironically, these home-grown processes are more likely to be adopted in China than India.

I think the UN FOA's observation puts it best: the countries where bamboo is strong as an economic commodity tend to be more interested in increasing yields and expanding plantations. India has yet to really invest in its potential perhaps due to the fact that over 80% of bamboo farms are government owned. As soon as bamboo is viewed through the lens of a free-market investment venture, the tides will turn. There really is no reason that India should be importing finished bamboo products from China and Indonesia. It'd be like an OPEC nation importing oil.

The real beauty of bamboo is that if properly managed it's an unbeatable quality commodity. Plus, if the right taxa is chosen, it's a top tier building product. Add to that it's incredible above-ground carbon containment qualities, it's as 'real' green as you can get. But again, to make it worth the time and meet expectations, it requires proper planning and management. It requires end-use analysis, proper processes, investment in tissue cultivated elite taxa and a host of other factors in order for it to be a fruitful endeavor for either the agro side or manufacturing side. Quality of the culm is everything, and you really can't achieve a high standard without capacity building from the laborer in the field to the mill manager.

But looking at it strictly from the vantage point of the building industry, it's a true green product that makes economic sense and is predictable. That predictability has come from massive amounts of research and testing by engineers and architects from INBAR and other institutes who really have to be thanked for getting the bamboo product lines accepted by the building industry. It took about twenty years but bamboo products are being applied in ever widening applications. The finish quality and consistency is what has been improving rapidly, and that's testament to its versatility. Particularly in design and construction industries, items or processes that don't perform to predictable standards fail in the marketplace. The recent lines of products from bamboo whole or fiber are literally mind-blowing and are clearly here to stay.

And as we all know, something can be sustainable in one application but not so in another. That's why it's important that the building industry be good stewards of the regeneration of bamboo stocks so we don't have a repeat of the 1950-80's when exploitation of bamboo as a material led to the destruction of massive inventories. It's a prime example of the necessary man-nature relationship, where the economic interests of the industry is harmonized with natural capital values. Fortunately, organizations like UN FAO and INBAR are developing a universal framework for future global forest resource assessments for bamboo. Frankly, bamboo-producing countries need to include bamboo in their national inventories and provide organizational support to monitoring agencies that watchdog global natural capital resources like bamboo. Just like the tiger census, we don't want to wake one day to find bamboo forests have been depleted. That would be the ultimate “lose lose” situation: an accepted green material would erode from the market and a vital carbon sink would be eliminated. Currently FAO is creating international standards and process manuals for ground and remote-sensing assessment

Bamboo : Frank Costanzo

For information please contact [email protected]

Bamboo House

The Solar Decathlon is a competition in which 20 teams of college and university students compete to design, build, and operate the most attractive, effective, and energy-efficient solar-powered house. Competing colleges and universities build solar powered homes and operate them on the National Mall for 3 weeks every other year. Recently the Solar Decathlon was held in Madrid.

The Chinese team from Tongji university has designed and built ‘bamboo house’ (aka sunshine inn). Made primarily out of bamboo, the house minimizes CO2 emission levels throughout the whole production phase. The raw material is also locally cultivated.

The house features two curved roofs and a solar-facing wall which are clad with photovoltaic panels that can generate enough energy to sustain the house, and potentially sell back to the grid. Another highlight of the 75 m2 house is the innovative interior wall covering, which utilizes phase change materials (such as those used in heat packs) to heat and cool the house. In order to build the house quickly on site, the team pre-fabricated the majority of the house and prepared the material before shipping to Madrid.

Exterior view of completed bamboo house

Facade and structure Window detail PV panels in facade

Construction phase at the villa solar


Bamboo Bike

Bamb Ecological Technology Inc. is building handmade bamboo bicycles in the Philippines by employing people from neighborhood villages. It's a very interesting product, made out of bamboo grown in their region by themselves, they've also made their own solar dryer box, which will help speed up the bamboo treatment process. For more information visit www.bambike.com

An Ode to Nature

Delivering a generation of global citizens who are knowledgeable about and inspired to take responsibility for the sustainability of the world

Green School Bali, one of the most amazing schools on earth, is giving its students a relevant holistic and green education.

The students come from all corners of the world, many relocating with their parents just for the experience of attending. Amongst them, fully 20% are local Balinese kids funded by scholarships from generous donors, allowing them to benefit from an international education and facilitating the magic of Balinese culture to fully permeate the education. The curriculum for younger children is influenced by the work of Rudolf Steiner, who pioneered the idea of holistic education. Older students have the opportunity to study for Cambridge IGCSE's and a planned IB diploma/certificate course will take them to graduation. Green Studies, which focus on sustainability, and a quality Creative Arts program complement the academic curriculum.

The Green Studies programme includes topics like carbon footprint analysis, water studies and even, organic farming and gardening.

Within the Creative Arts and physical education programmes, students delve into yoga and batik painting using natural dyes made from vegetation on

site, and martial arts, with the Balinese traditional art of Mepantingan being an important component. Students, aged between three and 15, learn by doing, with each child tending to their very own vegetable patch.

And as part of that commitment to greening the environment, Green School is built entirely out of bamboo – even its blackboards, desks, chairs and lamps.

Bamboo is the latest darling of eco-conscious architects, designers and manufacturers all over the world. The demand worldwide is high for bamboo for clothing, flooring, furniture and as building material.

Bamboo’s environmental benefits arise largely out of its ability to grow and spread quickly – in some cases, one meter a day – without the need for fertilizers, pesticides or much water.

Bamboo also reaches structural maturity in four to five years and produces a crop each year (compared to 30 to 50 years for most tropical hardwood trees), helping to improve soil conditions and prevent erosion along the way. Bamboo is so fast-growing that it can yield 20 times more timber than trees on the same area.

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l e e dd e c o d e d Water Efficiency Credit 2: Drought Tolerant Species

Intent

Landscape to be designed to ensure minimum consumption of water.

Drought Tolerant Species

Native species have evolved and adapted to the local weather over thousands of years. In their native habitat, they are tolerant of seasonal extremes, having adapted to survive winter cold and summer heat, periodic drought, wildfires, coastal conditions and high winds. Once established, many native species require little or no additional irrigation beyond normal rainfall. Placing these plants in the garden reduces the need to supply extra water during periods of inadequate rainfall. While cacti and succulents may have a place in some drought-tolerant gardens, they are not the only alternatives. There are other choices available and appropriate for dry areas. With careful selection, planning and execution, drought-tolerant landscapes can be as pleasing as those needing heavy irrigation.

Some drought tolerant plants survive periods of reduced summer water by going dormant and then resuming growth during the winter and spring. Many low-water-use plants actually avoid drought by producing wide-spreading or long roots to reach stored groundwater. These extensive root systems can also be beneficial for hillside stabilization. A variety of species on a slope – trees, shrubs, and perennials - will provide a range of root depths to help bind soil and rocks together. Many drought-tolerant plants can be useful in areas of high fire danger. Some dry land plants are low-growing with a creeping or spreading habit; this low foliage along with open branching, limited leaf litter, and low quantities of flammable oils or resins contribute to fire-resistance. Be sure to water these plants as needed to maintain moisture. A plant’s natural growing conditions contribute to its appearance and characteristics. A drought tolerant plant that thrives in dappled shade may have large, leathery leaves, whereas a plant that prefers full sun may have smaller, firmer foliage. Plants in high-heat areas may be drought-deciduous and lose their foliage altogether during times of low water. Leaf color generally depends on light exposure and tends to be lighter, silvery, or greyish for plants that live in full sun; plants from more shaded areas generally are darker.

Benefits of Drought Tolerant Plants

• Lower water bills• Reduced water use• Attractive plants with less maintenance• More wildlife habitat• Less plant disease and more pest resistance• Deeper roots help to stabilize slopes• More groundwater recharge

Requirement

Ensure that atleast 25% of the landscaped area is planted with drought tolerant species.

Drought tolerant plant - Red Bird of Paradise (Caesalpinia pulcherrima) lend a colorful tone

Drought tolerant plant - Texas Mountain Laurel (Sophora secundiflora) provides shade & beauty.

Cacti and succulents provide a stunning focal point to a drought tolerant garden

Draught tolerant lawn alternative - sea side daisy

Draught tolerant lawn alternative - yarrow

Methodology for drought resistant landscapeLimit Turfgrass

Turfgrass requires more water than other plants in the landscape, it’s advisable to avoid it in drought tolerant landscape design, when used, by isolating turf from gardens, trees and shrubs, a landscape consultant can separate irrigation zones and use less water. It’s required to limit turf to areas that are regular in shape and easily irrigated.

Selection of species

The most important and crucial element is the selection of landscape species, this could be made easy if one studies the existing naturally growing species of landscapes, and the may adopt the same, or a species with similar properties based on the requirement, which means it doesn’t need much external supplement.

Efficient Irrigation

Efficient irrigation may mean including an irrigation system. The least efficient system is the sprinkler. It delivers a large amount of water in a short period, but loses excessive amounts of moisture to evaporation. Drip irrigation is one of the efficient one, which could be considered.

Mulching

Properly mulching an area lowers the soil temperature and decreases the loss of moisture due to evaporation. In addition to creating texture in the landscape, organic mulches decay, adding nutrients to the soil. Appropriate depth of the mulch is important: 2 to 3 inches for trees and shrubs, and 1 to 2 inches for vegetables, annuals and perennials.

Use soil amendments

A soil amendment is any material added to a soil to improve its physical properties, such as water retention, permeability, water infiltration, drainage, aeration and structure. The goal is to provide a better environment for roots. There are two broad categories of soil amendments: organic and inorganic. Organic amendments come from something that is or was alive. Inorganic amendments, on the other hand, are either mined or man-made. Organic is the most preferred.

Maintaining the landscape properly

Maintenance is also a critical factor, even though it shall be minimal for a well designed drought resistant landscape, it shall also be considered as the most critical.

Xeriscaping

Xeriscaping refers to landscaping and gardening in ways that reduce or eliminate the need for supplemental water from irrigation. It is promoted in regions that do not have easily accessible, plentiful, or reliable supplies of fresh water, and is gaining acceptance in other areas as climate patterns shift. If it were better understood, xeriscaping and drought tolerant design would be practiced more often than it already is. Xeriscaping based design can be very beautiful and generally requires less water, fertilizer, maintenance, and pest control than traditional landscaping. And, of course, using less of these will save time and money.

The principles of xeriscaping address the areas of slope, plants, plant groups, watering methods, and soil. And because xeric design is based on principles, shape and other design aspects can be based on and used for any design style.

A common thought is that xeriscaping is strictly rocks and cactus. While this may be one way of doing it, Xeriscape principles can be applied to any garden design style. Besides the native plants already adapted to your area, there are many colorful drought tolerant plants native to other climates

such as Southern Europe, North Africa, Western Asia, South Africa, and Australia that will thrive in our garden.

Proper grouping of plants is a main principle of xeriscaping. Grouping plants with similar water needs allows them to be watered as required with very little waste. By planting high water use plants separate from low water use and no water use plants, you can regulate water needs more accurately. Your irrigation system can be zoned according to plant needs which will save resources and money.


Water is scarce in generally arid areas like the Middle East, Africa, Australian desert, etc. But even in areas that

seemingly have plenty of water, a mix of growing population, pollution, poor management, and development has led to the surfacing of water issues in the most unsuspecting manners.

All major types of industries — energy, agriculture, manufacturing - are fully reliant on water for even marginal operation.

According to some estimates,it take 37 gallons of water to grow, package, and ship enough coffee to make one cup. A hamburger requires about 634 gallons to make it to your stomach. But the most water-intensive industry of them all is energy. It can take up to 168 gallons of water to get one barrel of oil from oil sands. And 800 gallons are required to generate one megawatt-hour of electricity. According to another estimate by US Geological Survey, electricity production from fossil fuels and nuclear energy requires 190,000 million gallons of water per day, accounting for 39% of all freshwater withdrawals in the US, with 71% of that going to fossil-fuel electricity generation alone.

So, we use a lot of water to produce energy, especially fossil fuel energy. And we use a lot of energy to produce water — for food, to treat water, to capture and treat waste water.

Another point of concern is that the world population is expected to increase significantly while fresh water supplies are not. The burgeoning global population's ever-increasing need for fresh water is at odds with a warming world that is already squeezing water availability in some regions. Climate variability could thus further add to the woes and impact water supplies, quality, and energy demand.

Since water and energy are so tightly bound together, the relationship has been given a special name: the energy-water nexus.

And energy industry must compete for water with agriculture, other industries as well as domestic use. According to the 2007 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, things will only get worse as current water-management practices are unlikely to quell demands.

But there is hope. There is slow, but nevertheless increasing, awareness building up on the interdependence of water-reliant systems and the need for balancing of the requirements of all users and development of technologies to reduce water

consumption and loss. The Wall Street Journal reported that "the electric-power industry accounts for nearly half of all water withdrawals in the US" and "Power companies are pulling back from plans to build traditional power plants that require steady streams of water to operate." .

Looking at India, according to a recent presentation at the Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (UPERC), the country has 16% of world population but only 4% of the total available fresh water. Ground water constitutes 38.5% of the total water resource of the country. Major uses of Ground water in India are Irrigation (90% of all available water meets only 55% of the need), Drinking purposes/domestic consumption (5% meets 90% of need)and Industries (5% meets 50% of the need).

To elicit the governmental support and to bridge the policy gap between the water and energy sectors so that problems involving the interaction of the two sectors can be addressed and reform efforts can move forward, The Water Energy Nexus Activity (WENEXA) has been initiated.It is designed to address seemingly intractable problems whose roots lie at the intersection of these two sectors.

Under the aegis of initiatives like WENEXA, scientific and technological innovations should be encouraged to focus on minimizing the impact of energy production on water quality and availability and reducing the amount of energy required for treating and distributing water.

The Energy - Water Nexusby Mr. Subhash Chandra Mathur, MD Samarpit International Group, Gurgaon, India.

Emphasis should be laid on innovations for

• Treating and reusing non-potable process water in power production.

• Accessing currently unused water sources, such as brackish aquifers.

• Reducing cooling water used by thermal electricity-generating power plants.

• Delivering water and energy more efficiently to prevent losses and

• Minimizing water-related impacts from mining, energy production and use, and disposal of solid by products.

Research should also be directed at reducing the energy required to treat, pump, and distribute water, including improvements in waste-water treatment processes and irrigation technology. Also, to combat the amount of water consumed by traditional power plants, utilities must turn to alternative technologies. According to the Wall Street Journal,a wind turbine, for example, can save 200 to 600 gallons of water compared with the amount required by a modern gas-fired power plant to make that same amount; solar arrays are also gaining momentum because their water needs are minimal.

In short, Global Water supplies are at risk of drying up as the climate warms, but mitigating climate change calls for shifting to less water intensive alternative energy sources.

Waterless urinals

Potable water has been a scarce resource and environmentalists are working day and night to save as much water they can. Many organizations are regularly putting their efforts to make products to save potable water. Waterless Urinal is one such product available globally and has been mandatory to use in a number of countries. However, the technologies available so far were based on cartridge or oil seal that has high operating costs and regular maintenance; thus the product has not been able to get much support. Now a new technology has been invented that has no cartridges, chemical requirements and has zero operating costs with no maintenance. These urinals were used in Beijing Olympics and have been approved by the Beijing Olympics Authority for their successful operation. The product has advanced nano-coating to make it anti stain and anti bacterial; providing better hygiene to users and innovative flap technology to control the odor. In India the product was introduced by AG Aqua Solutions, a year back and has been tried and tested by different organizations so far. Municipal Corporation of Delhi has already started installing these urinals for upcoming Common-Wealth Games to provide better civic amenities to visitors and general public.

The product adopts several patent techniques. It works on the principle of gravitational force and air pressure technology. The nano silver is an anti bacterial glaze that doesn’t let urine to stay on the body and the patented trap technology has NRV (Non Returning Valve) that opens with the urine flow and closes once its passed through Plastic Trap installed inside the steel case needs to be replaced once in 5 years. It’s anti bacterial and anti fungal coating kills the pathogens and does not let infections spread. And due to the hydrophobic property of the nano silver coating which repels water, there is no urine accumulation in the urinal’s surface.

No Water – No Smell – ZERO Maintenance – Possible?

Functional principle of flap technology in Kupple Waterless urinals

Flap opens with flow of urineFlap closes with the gravitational

pull and stopping the odor

A Property of AG Aqua Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

Functional principle of flap technology in Kupple Waterless urinals

Flap opens with flow of urineFlap closes with the gravitational

pull and stopping the odor

A Property of AG Aqua Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

Flap opens with flow the of urine Flap closes with gravitational pull and stops the odor

Functional principle of flap technology in KuppleWaterless urinals

For more info please visit www.savewater.co.in


• This is the only seamless green wall system. The basal infrastructure is not seen as it is covered with thick vegetation. • This is the most sustainable living wall system, as the installations have already sustained varied climatic conditions

ranging from 2 deg C to 46.5 deg C temperature.• The modular system consists of Living wall panels of size 30cm x 30cm x10cm.

• Weight of Living wall when fully saturated with water is less than 8.5 kg per sft. • The growth medium is longevity enabled & replenishment of organic materials or change of growth medium is not

required for many years.• Panels have an in built irrigation system, which works on gravity & assure that each cell of the panel gets water.• The panels have provision to introduce illumination and also mist irrigation through the panels. The introduction of

spraying system makes maintenance easy in case of high rise buildings• With pre-grown panels one can have ready effect from first day of installation.

Living wall features

Inspired to be Green: Volume7

Real Estate

Transcript of Inspired to be Green: Volume7