Insights on Career Opportunities in AI and Machine … makes computing ubiquitous and Smart Physical...

- Dr Harsh Verma

harshverma2000

Insights on Career Opportunities in

AI and Machine Learningfor IOT

Intel Innovator & IOT Technology Leader Vice-President (Global Innovation) & Head, IOT Group, R Systems Chairman, ACM Sacramento Chapter

Dedicated toStudents exploring different careers related to Computer Science Pathway

50 Billion Connected Things by 2020

References & Thanks to

The Coming Era of AI and ML

All Logos & Trademarks belong to the respective organizations

Artificial Intelligence is the capability of a

machine to imitate intelligent human behavior.

John McCarthy proposed the term ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE in 1956

● Artificial Intelligence (AI) / Narrow or Weak AI: “Expert systems that match or exceed human intelligence in a narrowly defined area, but not in broader areas”

e.g. GPS Navigation System, Siri, Alexa.I

● Machine Learning: A field of computer science that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.

Definition of AI

Intelligence exhibited by Machines


AI already in your home…

• Amazon uses AI to power Alexa• Google Search Assistant is heavily dependent on AI• Apple uses AI to power Siri• Microsoft uses AI to power Cortana• Facebook uses AI for targeted advertising and photo tagging


Internet of Things – The Vision

A vision put forward by Mark Weiser to extend the Internet to include Objects or Things in the Real World. Internet of Things makes computing ubiquitous and Smart Physical Objects can be controlled remotely!

Internet of Things – Everywhere

• Connecting People and Things - To create a

fully connected lifestyle

• Smart-phones, Voice-capable tablets,Connected Cars and even Thermostats are Internet-connected

What kinds of experience and preparation?

About Me - Passion for Intelligent Transportation Systems

BITS Pilani, India


My current work

www.rsystems.com

R Systems – A Global Software Services Company

13

Integrated Product Lifecycle Management (iPLM) organization

CMMI Level 5, PCMM Level 5, ISO 9001:2008, ISO 27001:2013 certified

Global presence - INDIA, APAC, USA, CANADA and EUROPE

2350+ employees worldwide


www.rsystems.com

• Telecom, Digital Media & Mobility Solutions• BFSI• Manufacturing & Logistics • HealthCare

• Software Development Services • Quality Assurance & Control Services• BPO Solutions – Technical Help Desk

Services Domains

Intel® Software Innovator program supports innovative, independent development

to create and demonstrate forward-looking projects.

Intel Software Innovators demonstrate a spirit of ingenuity, experimentation, and

forward thinking that inspire communities through technical expertise & innovation

with cutting-edge technology.


www.intel.com

ACM is a vibrant international community of 100,000 members in over 100 countries.

ACM brings together computing educators, researchers, and professionals to inspire

dialogue, share resources, and address the field's challenges.

https://www.facebook.com/ACMSacramento/

Launched 2015


1969 1990 2005 2015 2020

Research Networks

World Wide Web

TCP/IP http:// VoIP

Web 2.0

Web3.0/ Internet of Things

Mobile Web Social Media

M2M Smart Cities

How did we get to the Internet of Things?

It’s going to be a World of Internet of Things

Predicted ~50 billion devices and objects to be connected by 2020

$19 Trillion Opportunity, according to Cisco Systems

Smart Cities -Multiple Building Blocks

Intelligent System of Systems

Mobile is re-defining everything

Intelligent Devices

Back-End Analytics

Predicted ~50 billion devices and objects to be connected by 2020

Industrial IoT

Industrial IoT : 4th Industrial Revolution


• IoT all about Sensors and Data

• Less than 1% of Data is currently used

• Mostly for Alarms or Real-time control

• Potential for Optimization and Prediction

IoT is Transforming our Lives

Source: McKinsey Global Institute

What kind of training or background is necessary?

www.rsystems.com

A variety of Sectors for IoT – Multiple Clusters!

Home

Chore Automation & Security $200B − 350B

Offices

Security and Energy

$70B − 150B

Factories

Operations and

Equipment Optimization

$1.2T − 3.7T

Retail Environments

Automated Checkout

$410B − 1.2TWorksites

Operations optimization/

Health and Safety

$160B − 930B

Human

Health and Fitness

$170B − 1.6T

Outside

Logistics and Navigation

$560B − 850B

Cities

Public Health

and Transportation

$930B − 1.7T

Vehicles

Autonomous vehicles and

condition-based maintenance

$210B − 740B

Cross-sector viewof a total potential impact of$3.9 trillion – 11.1 trillion

per year in 2025

Source: McKinsey Global Institute

www.rsystems.com

Areas where IoT Creates Value

22

Setting Description Example

HumanDevices attached to or inside the

human body

Devices (wearable's and ingestible) to monitor and

maintain human health and wellness; diseasemanagement, increased fitness, higher productivity

Home Buildings where people live Home controllers and security systems

RetailEnvironments

Spaces where consumers engage in commerce

Stores, banks, restaurants, arenas — anywhereconsumers consider and buy; self-checkout, in-storeoffers, inventory optimization

OfficesSpaces where knowledge workers work

Energy management and security in office buildings;improved productivity, including for mobileemployees

FactoriesStandardized production environments

Places with repetitive work routines, includinghospitals and farms; operating efficiencies,optimizing equipment use and inventory

SOURCE: McKinsey Global Institute analysis

www.rsystems.com

Areas where IoT Creates Value (Contd…)

23

Setting Description Example

Worksites Custom production environmentsMining, oil and gas, construction; operatingefficiencies, predictive maintenance, health andsafety

Vehicles Systems inside moving vehiclesVehicles including cars, trucks, ships, aircraft, andtrains; condition based maintenance, usage-baseddesign, pre-sales analytics

Cities Urban environmentsPublic spaces and infrastructure in urban settings;adaptive traffic control, smart meters, environmentalmonitoring, resource management

OutsideBetween urban environments (andoutside other settings)

Outside uses include railroad tracks, autonomousvehicles (outside urban locations), and flightnavigation; real-time routing, connected navigation,shipment tracking

SOURCE: McKinsey Global Institute analysis

• All these areas have huge potential for AI & Machine Learning – Find an Area that interests you!!

• AI is any technique that enables computers to mimic human intelligence

• Machine Learning enables machines to improve at Tasks with Experience

• Deep learning consists of algorithms that permit software to use artificial neural networks and train itself to perform tasks efficiently

AI, Machine Learning and Deep Learning

World Distribution of Data Scientists on DSC

Source: IIM Americas, Pinnacle 2017, AI & ML - Sanjiv R Das

● Rule-Based AI

Rule-based systems are constructed using automatic rule inference, from a starting set of data and rules.

● Data-driven AI

Data-driven systems can measure, understand and take decisions based on previous data,

which goes on increasing.

Rule-based AI can never be more intelligent than its creators, but data-driven AI can!

Two Types of AI

Training Steps for Machine Learning

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpGxLWOIZy4

Performing Linear Regression

Least Squares Method to minimize Error

Convolutional Neural Networks

• A CNN consists of an input and an output layer, as well as multiple hidden layers.

• Convolutional layers apply a convolution operation to the input, passing the result to the next layer.

• Distinct layers transform the input into an output through a differentiable function.

Each Node represents a Pattern

CNNs approximate the response of individual Neurons in the Human Brain

• If a network has more than 3 layers, it is Deep• Patterns get more complex as number of layers go up

Source: Google

www.rsystems.com

IBM Watson beats Humans in Jeopardy!

Watson is a question answering computer system capable of answering questions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_(computer)

Practice School

Capstone Project

Students pursue independent research on a question or problem

What has given me the most help at the start of my career?

Start with your House –IOT Project for Home Automation

More Info - https://github.com/intel-iot-devkit/path-to-product/tree/master/smart-home

Intel NUC Smart Home:

• Intel NUC, Arduino 101,

• Grove Kit

• Sensor -> Gateway -> Mobile App

• Cloud Analytics - IBM Bluemix

How do you make it Intelligent?

1. Define the opportunity2. Design a Proof-of-Concept3. Build and refine the prototype4. Learn and Have fun!


Programming Languages & Databases

AI and ML Toolkits

Toolkits driven by Academia & Industry for scripting & training ML algorithms

High Performance Math Primitives granting low level of control

Broad Data Analytics Acceleration object oriented library supporting distributed ML at the algorithm level

Open Source single platform from Data Science to Application Development

How do you get Processing at the Edge ?Various architectural patterns, including Fog and Edge computing, have been proposed to localize some of the processing near the IOT sensors


Intel Movidius Neural Compute Stick

https://developer.movidius.com/start


• Enables rapid prototyping and deployment of Neural Networks

• Developing Inference applications at the edge.

• Very low-power VPU Architecture

• Processing at the Edge and takes away dependencies of the Cloud and Communication Network Bandwidth





• Requires Ubuntu 16.04 and NC SDK

• NCS plugs into the USB Port

• NCS Forum, GitHub, NCS Application Zoo

Creating and Training the Model

• Training Data Sets available


Movidius NCS Workflow



Enabling Wireless Services for IoT

Wireless Connectivity

WiFi

3G

4G

BT

ZigBee

6LoWPAN

NFC

DSRC

Visions & Contradicting Opinions on AI…

Elon Musk –

AI is a fundamental risk to the existence of human civilization

Founded OpenAI – for Safe AIFounded Neuralink to merge human brains with machines.

Mark Zuckerberg –

Very Optimistic on the Applications and Benefits of AI

Source: https://www.cnbc.com/

AI in Autonomous Vehicles

Intel

Autonomous Driving will End Human Driving Errors

and Lead to Safer Roads for Everyone

One of the big promises of AI is our driverless future.

Nearly 1.3 million people die in road crashes worldwide every year – an average

3,287 deaths a day. Nearly 90% of those collisions are caused by human error.- https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/waymo-intel-announce-collaboration-driverless-car-technology/

AI in Self-Driving Cars qualify as Legal Driver

National Highway

Transportation and Safety

Administration AI system in

Google Self-driving Car that

controls its self-driving car

can be considered a driver

under federal law!

Ford:● Invests in new AI software company, Argo AI

Google’s Self-Driving Cars:● Waymo collaboration with Intel announced

Tesla: • AI will let cars predict your Destination

BMW: • Announced BMW will have an Intel Xeon Server-Grade Processor


AI in Self-Driving and Autonomous Cars

IoT and Autonomous World will not work without AI

The Dark Side of AI

Can Super-AI eliminate Humans?

● How do we manage uncontrollable AI?

● Encrypted Deep Learning: Build a super-intelligent AI to detect and cure

cancer (for example), but encrypt it so that it cannot replicate itself, nor can it

be used without human control.

● Encryption prevents it from being stolen by a malevolent player.

● Homomorphic encryption: Only permit a limited range of encrypted

predictions.

https://iamtrask.github.io/2017/03/17/safe-ai/

The biggestproblem is going to be evident in the labor

markets…

Source: IIM Americas, Pinnacle 2017, AI & ML - Sanjiv R Das

7 Challenges for IoT

Security

Security

Security

Standards

Privacy

Reliability

Scalability

5 Skills Hiring Managers Look for

1. Technical Skills

2. Communication Skills

3. Interpersonal Skills

4. Problem Solving and Critical Thinking

5. Enthusiasm, Motivation and Commitment

https://www.engineering.com/JobArticles/ArticleID/13894/5-Skills-Hiring-Managers-Look-for-in-Engineering-Grads.aspx

Summary

● AI and ML are a happening transformation

● AI is everywhere and Super AI is nowpossible.

● IOT needs AI for it to work and there is immense potential

● AI has a dark side

● There is also a great potential for Cyber-Security in today’s world

Read more at Stuart Russell’s terrific collection of links:

https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~russell/research/future/

Thank You

E-Mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

Insights on Career Opportunities in AI and Machine … makes computing ubiquitous and Smart Physical...

Documents

Transcript of Insights on Career Opportunities in AI and Machine … makes computing ubiquitous and Smart Physical...