Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of...

44
Insights from post-combustion capture: knowledge-building and cost-reduction through open-access deployment activities Jon Gibbins Director, UK CCS Research Centre Professor of CCS, University of Sheffield www.ukccsrc.ac.uk Email: [email protected] UKCCSRC Webinar 26 June 2020

Transcript of Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of...

Page 1: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Insights from post-combustion capture knowledge-building and cost-reduction

through open-access deployment activities

Jon GibbinsDirector UK CCS Research CentreProfessor of CCS University of SheffieldwwwukccsrcacukEmail jgibbinssheffieldacuk

UKCCSRC Webinar26 June 2020

bull Examples of many CCS technologies are now at TRL 9 or soon will be ndash but that does not mean that research opportunities have ended

bull Commercial Readiness Index now needs to be increased

bull This requires research at all TRLs ndash research at all of the TRLs can get a fast track into deployment if it addresses an identified need

bull Open access is required for two-way information flow between deployment (especially when government funded) and research and innovation activities (also mostly government funded)

bull Experience on other energy technologies indicates that applicable TRL1-9 research including for upgrades in service only stopswhen the last plants are closed

Commercial Readiness Index (CRI) for CCS now needs to be increased

Bankable Asset Class

Market competitiondriving widespread development

Multiple Commercial Applications

Commercial Scale Up

Commercial Trial Small Scale

Hypothetical Commercial Proposition

System test launch and operation

Systemsubsystem development

Technology demonstration

Technology development

Research to prove feasibility

Basic technology research

TRL

CRI

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

6

5

4

3

2

1

Based on Bruce Adderley Jeremy Carey Jon Gibbins Mathieu Lucquiaud and Richard Smith ldquoPost-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture Cost Reduction to 2030 and beyondrdquo Faraday Discussion on CCS July 2016 httppubsrscorgenContentArticleLanding2016FDc6fd00046kdivAbstract based on httparenagovaufiles201402Commercial-Readiness-Indexpdf

Innovation is driven by knowledge exchange - feedback and feedforwardEnergy Research Partnership reported in 2006 in httpwwwepsrcacuknewseventspubssecond-uk-energy-research-summit(and subsequently reproduced in various forms including wwwukercacuksupporttiki-download_filephpfileId=3619 )

From RK Lester Regionalizing Energy Technology Demonstrations MIT Carbon Sequestration Forum 16 Cambridge MA November 12-13 2014

From RK Lester Regionalizing Energy Technology Demonstrations MIT Carbon Sequestration Forum 16 Cambridge MA November 12-13 2014

Mobile phones reached TRL 9 in the early 1980s but innovation did not stop

bull The lsquoclock ratersquo for evolution in mobile phones is much faster than that for the different CCS technologies

bull But even with a lsquothrow awayrsquo commodity like mobile phones updates in service via software and add-ons is also important

bull Fundamental research on a very wide range of component technologies has been essential for making progress

bull Very few major changes in approach (ie really just one ndash the smartphone) have been required to achieve a lot of improvements and even then the new models had many common elements with previous examples

bull Very good communication between developers since products are available on the open market for detailed inspection

httpsslideplayercomslide5274949 Shona Simms lsquoHow have mobile phones changed over timersquo

2014 SaskPower Saskatchewan Canada Old power plant being rebuilt with a state-of-the-art turbine and a fully-integrated carbon capture system capable of cutting CO2 emissions by up to 90 or approximately one million tonnes a year httpwwwsaskpowercom

Boundary Dam ndash first operational plant in the world

SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit 3 CO2 capture project

bull EOR opportunities in Saskatchewan

bull Officially opened October 2014

bull Cansolv (Shell subsidiary) post-combustion capture

bull Hitachi Canada boiler modified steam turbine air quality control system

bull Final approval in April 2011

bull First CCS power project in the world

bull $14-billion project

bull Refurbish sub-critical unit

bull Capturing ~ 1Mt CO2 yr

httpieaghgorgpublicationstechnical-reports2015-technical-reports603-2015-06

AmineYou have likely heard amine and the cost to maintain it mentioned in the news But what is it and what part does it play in capturing carbon dioxide Like the oil in our cars every time you use it a small portion degrades and become less effective Thats why we get periodic oil changes In the CCS process we use amine to strip carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide from coal emissions Once we use it we send it through a filtration system and it goes back for another round of capture Every time some of it degrades This wasnt an unknown piece of maintenance but the speed at which it happens is faster than expected That means more costs for cleaning and to add new amine more frequently than planned

Forecasted Budget Actual SpendJan-Dec 2015 $5 million $173 millionJan-Dec 2016 $12 million $146 million

This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually As you can see we spent more than planned on amine maintenance We also learned and we increased our forecast for 2016-17 We found ways to address the issue by half and thats largely how we went from capturing 400000 tonnes of carbon dioxide in year one to 800000 in year two of operation That doesnt mean the issue is solved Were forecasting approximately $15 million for amine maintenance in 2017 and our engineers are hard at work to keep improving how this complex chemical process performs

From Google archive 3062019 of httpswwwsaskpowercomabout-usOur-CompanyBlog201803a-word-from-the-

president-on-smart-meters-and-carbon-capture-and-storage since original apparently no longer available

Amine management issues noted in 2016 but very limited details published

httpswwwsaskpowercomOur-Power-FutureInfrastructure-ProjectsCarbon-Capture-and-StorageBoundary-Dam-Carbon-Capture-Project

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 2: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

bull Examples of many CCS technologies are now at TRL 9 or soon will be ndash but that does not mean that research opportunities have ended

bull Commercial Readiness Index now needs to be increased

bull This requires research at all TRLs ndash research at all of the TRLs can get a fast track into deployment if it addresses an identified need

bull Open access is required for two-way information flow between deployment (especially when government funded) and research and innovation activities (also mostly government funded)

bull Experience on other energy technologies indicates that applicable TRL1-9 research including for upgrades in service only stopswhen the last plants are closed

Commercial Readiness Index (CRI) for CCS now needs to be increased

Bankable Asset Class

Market competitiondriving widespread development

Multiple Commercial Applications

Commercial Scale Up

Commercial Trial Small Scale

Hypothetical Commercial Proposition

System test launch and operation

Systemsubsystem development

Technology demonstration

Technology development

Research to prove feasibility

Basic technology research

TRL

CRI

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

6

5

4

3

2

1

Based on Bruce Adderley Jeremy Carey Jon Gibbins Mathieu Lucquiaud and Richard Smith ldquoPost-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture Cost Reduction to 2030 and beyondrdquo Faraday Discussion on CCS July 2016 httppubsrscorgenContentArticleLanding2016FDc6fd00046kdivAbstract based on httparenagovaufiles201402Commercial-Readiness-Indexpdf

Innovation is driven by knowledge exchange - feedback and feedforwardEnergy Research Partnership reported in 2006 in httpwwwepsrcacuknewseventspubssecond-uk-energy-research-summit(and subsequently reproduced in various forms including wwwukercacuksupporttiki-download_filephpfileId=3619 )

From RK Lester Regionalizing Energy Technology Demonstrations MIT Carbon Sequestration Forum 16 Cambridge MA November 12-13 2014

From RK Lester Regionalizing Energy Technology Demonstrations MIT Carbon Sequestration Forum 16 Cambridge MA November 12-13 2014

Mobile phones reached TRL 9 in the early 1980s but innovation did not stop

bull The lsquoclock ratersquo for evolution in mobile phones is much faster than that for the different CCS technologies

bull But even with a lsquothrow awayrsquo commodity like mobile phones updates in service via software and add-ons is also important

bull Fundamental research on a very wide range of component technologies has been essential for making progress

bull Very few major changes in approach (ie really just one ndash the smartphone) have been required to achieve a lot of improvements and even then the new models had many common elements with previous examples

bull Very good communication between developers since products are available on the open market for detailed inspection

httpsslideplayercomslide5274949 Shona Simms lsquoHow have mobile phones changed over timersquo

2014 SaskPower Saskatchewan Canada Old power plant being rebuilt with a state-of-the-art turbine and a fully-integrated carbon capture system capable of cutting CO2 emissions by up to 90 or approximately one million tonnes a year httpwwwsaskpowercom

Boundary Dam ndash first operational plant in the world

SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit 3 CO2 capture project

bull EOR opportunities in Saskatchewan

bull Officially opened October 2014

bull Cansolv (Shell subsidiary) post-combustion capture

bull Hitachi Canada boiler modified steam turbine air quality control system

bull Final approval in April 2011

bull First CCS power project in the world

bull $14-billion project

bull Refurbish sub-critical unit

bull Capturing ~ 1Mt CO2 yr

httpieaghgorgpublicationstechnical-reports2015-technical-reports603-2015-06

AmineYou have likely heard amine and the cost to maintain it mentioned in the news But what is it and what part does it play in capturing carbon dioxide Like the oil in our cars every time you use it a small portion degrades and become less effective Thats why we get periodic oil changes In the CCS process we use amine to strip carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide from coal emissions Once we use it we send it through a filtration system and it goes back for another round of capture Every time some of it degrades This wasnt an unknown piece of maintenance but the speed at which it happens is faster than expected That means more costs for cleaning and to add new amine more frequently than planned

Forecasted Budget Actual SpendJan-Dec 2015 $5 million $173 millionJan-Dec 2016 $12 million $146 million

This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually As you can see we spent more than planned on amine maintenance We also learned and we increased our forecast for 2016-17 We found ways to address the issue by half and thats largely how we went from capturing 400000 tonnes of carbon dioxide in year one to 800000 in year two of operation That doesnt mean the issue is solved Were forecasting approximately $15 million for amine maintenance in 2017 and our engineers are hard at work to keep improving how this complex chemical process performs

From Google archive 3062019 of httpswwwsaskpowercomabout-usOur-CompanyBlog201803a-word-from-the-

president-on-smart-meters-and-carbon-capture-and-storage since original apparently no longer available

Amine management issues noted in 2016 but very limited details published

httpswwwsaskpowercomOur-Power-FutureInfrastructure-ProjectsCarbon-Capture-and-StorageBoundary-Dam-Carbon-Capture-Project

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 3: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Innovation is driven by knowledge exchange - feedback and feedforwardEnergy Research Partnership reported in 2006 in httpwwwepsrcacuknewseventspubssecond-uk-energy-research-summit(and subsequently reproduced in various forms including wwwukercacuksupporttiki-download_filephpfileId=3619 )

From RK Lester Regionalizing Energy Technology Demonstrations MIT Carbon Sequestration Forum 16 Cambridge MA November 12-13 2014

From RK Lester Regionalizing Energy Technology Demonstrations MIT Carbon Sequestration Forum 16 Cambridge MA November 12-13 2014

Mobile phones reached TRL 9 in the early 1980s but innovation did not stop

bull The lsquoclock ratersquo for evolution in mobile phones is much faster than that for the different CCS technologies

bull But even with a lsquothrow awayrsquo commodity like mobile phones updates in service via software and add-ons is also important

bull Fundamental research on a very wide range of component technologies has been essential for making progress

bull Very few major changes in approach (ie really just one ndash the smartphone) have been required to achieve a lot of improvements and even then the new models had many common elements with previous examples

bull Very good communication between developers since products are available on the open market for detailed inspection

httpsslideplayercomslide5274949 Shona Simms lsquoHow have mobile phones changed over timersquo

2014 SaskPower Saskatchewan Canada Old power plant being rebuilt with a state-of-the-art turbine and a fully-integrated carbon capture system capable of cutting CO2 emissions by up to 90 or approximately one million tonnes a year httpwwwsaskpowercom

Boundary Dam ndash first operational plant in the world

SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit 3 CO2 capture project

bull EOR opportunities in Saskatchewan

bull Officially opened October 2014

bull Cansolv (Shell subsidiary) post-combustion capture

bull Hitachi Canada boiler modified steam turbine air quality control system

bull Final approval in April 2011

bull First CCS power project in the world

bull $14-billion project

bull Refurbish sub-critical unit

bull Capturing ~ 1Mt CO2 yr

httpieaghgorgpublicationstechnical-reports2015-technical-reports603-2015-06

AmineYou have likely heard amine and the cost to maintain it mentioned in the news But what is it and what part does it play in capturing carbon dioxide Like the oil in our cars every time you use it a small portion degrades and become less effective Thats why we get periodic oil changes In the CCS process we use amine to strip carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide from coal emissions Once we use it we send it through a filtration system and it goes back for another round of capture Every time some of it degrades This wasnt an unknown piece of maintenance but the speed at which it happens is faster than expected That means more costs for cleaning and to add new amine more frequently than planned

Forecasted Budget Actual SpendJan-Dec 2015 $5 million $173 millionJan-Dec 2016 $12 million $146 million

This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually As you can see we spent more than planned on amine maintenance We also learned and we increased our forecast for 2016-17 We found ways to address the issue by half and thats largely how we went from capturing 400000 tonnes of carbon dioxide in year one to 800000 in year two of operation That doesnt mean the issue is solved Were forecasting approximately $15 million for amine maintenance in 2017 and our engineers are hard at work to keep improving how this complex chemical process performs

From Google archive 3062019 of httpswwwsaskpowercomabout-usOur-CompanyBlog201803a-word-from-the-

president-on-smart-meters-and-carbon-capture-and-storage since original apparently no longer available

Amine management issues noted in 2016 but very limited details published

httpswwwsaskpowercomOur-Power-FutureInfrastructure-ProjectsCarbon-Capture-and-StorageBoundary-Dam-Carbon-Capture-Project

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 4: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

From RK Lester Regionalizing Energy Technology Demonstrations MIT Carbon Sequestration Forum 16 Cambridge MA November 12-13 2014

From RK Lester Regionalizing Energy Technology Demonstrations MIT Carbon Sequestration Forum 16 Cambridge MA November 12-13 2014

Mobile phones reached TRL 9 in the early 1980s but innovation did not stop

bull The lsquoclock ratersquo for evolution in mobile phones is much faster than that for the different CCS technologies

bull But even with a lsquothrow awayrsquo commodity like mobile phones updates in service via software and add-ons is also important

bull Fundamental research on a very wide range of component technologies has been essential for making progress

bull Very few major changes in approach (ie really just one ndash the smartphone) have been required to achieve a lot of improvements and even then the new models had many common elements with previous examples

bull Very good communication between developers since products are available on the open market for detailed inspection

httpsslideplayercomslide5274949 Shona Simms lsquoHow have mobile phones changed over timersquo

2014 SaskPower Saskatchewan Canada Old power plant being rebuilt with a state-of-the-art turbine and a fully-integrated carbon capture system capable of cutting CO2 emissions by up to 90 or approximately one million tonnes a year httpwwwsaskpowercom

Boundary Dam ndash first operational plant in the world

SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit 3 CO2 capture project

bull EOR opportunities in Saskatchewan

bull Officially opened October 2014

bull Cansolv (Shell subsidiary) post-combustion capture

bull Hitachi Canada boiler modified steam turbine air quality control system

bull Final approval in April 2011

bull First CCS power project in the world

bull $14-billion project

bull Refurbish sub-critical unit

bull Capturing ~ 1Mt CO2 yr

httpieaghgorgpublicationstechnical-reports2015-technical-reports603-2015-06

AmineYou have likely heard amine and the cost to maintain it mentioned in the news But what is it and what part does it play in capturing carbon dioxide Like the oil in our cars every time you use it a small portion degrades and become less effective Thats why we get periodic oil changes In the CCS process we use amine to strip carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide from coal emissions Once we use it we send it through a filtration system and it goes back for another round of capture Every time some of it degrades This wasnt an unknown piece of maintenance but the speed at which it happens is faster than expected That means more costs for cleaning and to add new amine more frequently than planned

Forecasted Budget Actual SpendJan-Dec 2015 $5 million $173 millionJan-Dec 2016 $12 million $146 million

This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually As you can see we spent more than planned on amine maintenance We also learned and we increased our forecast for 2016-17 We found ways to address the issue by half and thats largely how we went from capturing 400000 tonnes of carbon dioxide in year one to 800000 in year two of operation That doesnt mean the issue is solved Were forecasting approximately $15 million for amine maintenance in 2017 and our engineers are hard at work to keep improving how this complex chemical process performs

From Google archive 3062019 of httpswwwsaskpowercomabout-usOur-CompanyBlog201803a-word-from-the-

president-on-smart-meters-and-carbon-capture-and-storage since original apparently no longer available

Amine management issues noted in 2016 but very limited details published

httpswwwsaskpowercomOur-Power-FutureInfrastructure-ProjectsCarbon-Capture-and-StorageBoundary-Dam-Carbon-Capture-Project

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 5: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

From RK Lester Regionalizing Energy Technology Demonstrations MIT Carbon Sequestration Forum 16 Cambridge MA November 12-13 2014

Mobile phones reached TRL 9 in the early 1980s but innovation did not stop

bull The lsquoclock ratersquo for evolution in mobile phones is much faster than that for the different CCS technologies

bull But even with a lsquothrow awayrsquo commodity like mobile phones updates in service via software and add-ons is also important

bull Fundamental research on a very wide range of component technologies has been essential for making progress

bull Very few major changes in approach (ie really just one ndash the smartphone) have been required to achieve a lot of improvements and even then the new models had many common elements with previous examples

bull Very good communication between developers since products are available on the open market for detailed inspection

httpsslideplayercomslide5274949 Shona Simms lsquoHow have mobile phones changed over timersquo

2014 SaskPower Saskatchewan Canada Old power plant being rebuilt with a state-of-the-art turbine and a fully-integrated carbon capture system capable of cutting CO2 emissions by up to 90 or approximately one million tonnes a year httpwwwsaskpowercom

Boundary Dam ndash first operational plant in the world

SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit 3 CO2 capture project

bull EOR opportunities in Saskatchewan

bull Officially opened October 2014

bull Cansolv (Shell subsidiary) post-combustion capture

bull Hitachi Canada boiler modified steam turbine air quality control system

bull Final approval in April 2011

bull First CCS power project in the world

bull $14-billion project

bull Refurbish sub-critical unit

bull Capturing ~ 1Mt CO2 yr

httpieaghgorgpublicationstechnical-reports2015-technical-reports603-2015-06

AmineYou have likely heard amine and the cost to maintain it mentioned in the news But what is it and what part does it play in capturing carbon dioxide Like the oil in our cars every time you use it a small portion degrades and become less effective Thats why we get periodic oil changes In the CCS process we use amine to strip carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide from coal emissions Once we use it we send it through a filtration system and it goes back for another round of capture Every time some of it degrades This wasnt an unknown piece of maintenance but the speed at which it happens is faster than expected That means more costs for cleaning and to add new amine more frequently than planned

Forecasted Budget Actual SpendJan-Dec 2015 $5 million $173 millionJan-Dec 2016 $12 million $146 million

This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually As you can see we spent more than planned on amine maintenance We also learned and we increased our forecast for 2016-17 We found ways to address the issue by half and thats largely how we went from capturing 400000 tonnes of carbon dioxide in year one to 800000 in year two of operation That doesnt mean the issue is solved Were forecasting approximately $15 million for amine maintenance in 2017 and our engineers are hard at work to keep improving how this complex chemical process performs

From Google archive 3062019 of httpswwwsaskpowercomabout-usOur-CompanyBlog201803a-word-from-the-

president-on-smart-meters-and-carbon-capture-and-storage since original apparently no longer available

Amine management issues noted in 2016 but very limited details published

httpswwwsaskpowercomOur-Power-FutureInfrastructure-ProjectsCarbon-Capture-and-StorageBoundary-Dam-Carbon-Capture-Project

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 6: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Mobile phones reached TRL 9 in the early 1980s but innovation did not stop

bull The lsquoclock ratersquo for evolution in mobile phones is much faster than that for the different CCS technologies

bull But even with a lsquothrow awayrsquo commodity like mobile phones updates in service via software and add-ons is also important

bull Fundamental research on a very wide range of component technologies has been essential for making progress

bull Very few major changes in approach (ie really just one ndash the smartphone) have been required to achieve a lot of improvements and even then the new models had many common elements with previous examples

bull Very good communication between developers since products are available on the open market for detailed inspection

httpsslideplayercomslide5274949 Shona Simms lsquoHow have mobile phones changed over timersquo

2014 SaskPower Saskatchewan Canada Old power plant being rebuilt with a state-of-the-art turbine and a fully-integrated carbon capture system capable of cutting CO2 emissions by up to 90 or approximately one million tonnes a year httpwwwsaskpowercom

Boundary Dam ndash first operational plant in the world

SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit 3 CO2 capture project

bull EOR opportunities in Saskatchewan

bull Officially opened October 2014

bull Cansolv (Shell subsidiary) post-combustion capture

bull Hitachi Canada boiler modified steam turbine air quality control system

bull Final approval in April 2011

bull First CCS power project in the world

bull $14-billion project

bull Refurbish sub-critical unit

bull Capturing ~ 1Mt CO2 yr

httpieaghgorgpublicationstechnical-reports2015-technical-reports603-2015-06

AmineYou have likely heard amine and the cost to maintain it mentioned in the news But what is it and what part does it play in capturing carbon dioxide Like the oil in our cars every time you use it a small portion degrades and become less effective Thats why we get periodic oil changes In the CCS process we use amine to strip carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide from coal emissions Once we use it we send it through a filtration system and it goes back for another round of capture Every time some of it degrades This wasnt an unknown piece of maintenance but the speed at which it happens is faster than expected That means more costs for cleaning and to add new amine more frequently than planned

Forecasted Budget Actual SpendJan-Dec 2015 $5 million $173 millionJan-Dec 2016 $12 million $146 million

This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually As you can see we spent more than planned on amine maintenance We also learned and we increased our forecast for 2016-17 We found ways to address the issue by half and thats largely how we went from capturing 400000 tonnes of carbon dioxide in year one to 800000 in year two of operation That doesnt mean the issue is solved Were forecasting approximately $15 million for amine maintenance in 2017 and our engineers are hard at work to keep improving how this complex chemical process performs

From Google archive 3062019 of httpswwwsaskpowercomabout-usOur-CompanyBlog201803a-word-from-the-

president-on-smart-meters-and-carbon-capture-and-storage since original apparently no longer available

Amine management issues noted in 2016 but very limited details published

httpswwwsaskpowercomOur-Power-FutureInfrastructure-ProjectsCarbon-Capture-and-StorageBoundary-Dam-Carbon-Capture-Project

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 7: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

2014 SaskPower Saskatchewan Canada Old power plant being rebuilt with a state-of-the-art turbine and a fully-integrated carbon capture system capable of cutting CO2 emissions by up to 90 or approximately one million tonnes a year httpwwwsaskpowercom

Boundary Dam ndash first operational plant in the world

SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit 3 CO2 capture project

bull EOR opportunities in Saskatchewan

bull Officially opened October 2014

bull Cansolv (Shell subsidiary) post-combustion capture

bull Hitachi Canada boiler modified steam turbine air quality control system

bull Final approval in April 2011

bull First CCS power project in the world

bull $14-billion project

bull Refurbish sub-critical unit

bull Capturing ~ 1Mt CO2 yr

httpieaghgorgpublicationstechnical-reports2015-technical-reports603-2015-06

AmineYou have likely heard amine and the cost to maintain it mentioned in the news But what is it and what part does it play in capturing carbon dioxide Like the oil in our cars every time you use it a small portion degrades and become less effective Thats why we get periodic oil changes In the CCS process we use amine to strip carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide from coal emissions Once we use it we send it through a filtration system and it goes back for another round of capture Every time some of it degrades This wasnt an unknown piece of maintenance but the speed at which it happens is faster than expected That means more costs for cleaning and to add new amine more frequently than planned

Forecasted Budget Actual SpendJan-Dec 2015 $5 million $173 millionJan-Dec 2016 $12 million $146 million

This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually As you can see we spent more than planned on amine maintenance We also learned and we increased our forecast for 2016-17 We found ways to address the issue by half and thats largely how we went from capturing 400000 tonnes of carbon dioxide in year one to 800000 in year two of operation That doesnt mean the issue is solved Were forecasting approximately $15 million for amine maintenance in 2017 and our engineers are hard at work to keep improving how this complex chemical process performs

From Google archive 3062019 of httpswwwsaskpowercomabout-usOur-CompanyBlog201803a-word-from-the-

president-on-smart-meters-and-carbon-capture-and-storage since original apparently no longer available

Amine management issues noted in 2016 but very limited details published

httpswwwsaskpowercomOur-Power-FutureInfrastructure-ProjectsCarbon-Capture-and-StorageBoundary-Dam-Carbon-Capture-Project

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 8: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit 3 CO2 capture project

bull EOR opportunities in Saskatchewan

bull Officially opened October 2014

bull Cansolv (Shell subsidiary) post-combustion capture

bull Hitachi Canada boiler modified steam turbine air quality control system

bull Final approval in April 2011

bull First CCS power project in the world

bull $14-billion project

bull Refurbish sub-critical unit

bull Capturing ~ 1Mt CO2 yr

httpieaghgorgpublicationstechnical-reports2015-technical-reports603-2015-06

AmineYou have likely heard amine and the cost to maintain it mentioned in the news But what is it and what part does it play in capturing carbon dioxide Like the oil in our cars every time you use it a small portion degrades and become less effective Thats why we get periodic oil changes In the CCS process we use amine to strip carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide from coal emissions Once we use it we send it through a filtration system and it goes back for another round of capture Every time some of it degrades This wasnt an unknown piece of maintenance but the speed at which it happens is faster than expected That means more costs for cleaning and to add new amine more frequently than planned

Forecasted Budget Actual SpendJan-Dec 2015 $5 million $173 millionJan-Dec 2016 $12 million $146 million

This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually As you can see we spent more than planned on amine maintenance We also learned and we increased our forecast for 2016-17 We found ways to address the issue by half and thats largely how we went from capturing 400000 tonnes of carbon dioxide in year one to 800000 in year two of operation That doesnt mean the issue is solved Were forecasting approximately $15 million for amine maintenance in 2017 and our engineers are hard at work to keep improving how this complex chemical process performs

From Google archive 3062019 of httpswwwsaskpowercomabout-usOur-CompanyBlog201803a-word-from-the-

president-on-smart-meters-and-carbon-capture-and-storage since original apparently no longer available

Amine management issues noted in 2016 but very limited details published

httpswwwsaskpowercomOur-Power-FutureInfrastructure-ProjectsCarbon-Capture-and-StorageBoundary-Dam-Carbon-Capture-Project

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 9: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

AmineYou have likely heard amine and the cost to maintain it mentioned in the news But what is it and what part does it play in capturing carbon dioxide Like the oil in our cars every time you use it a small portion degrades and become less effective Thats why we get periodic oil changes In the CCS process we use amine to strip carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide from coal emissions Once we use it we send it through a filtration system and it goes back for another round of capture Every time some of it degrades This wasnt an unknown piece of maintenance but the speed at which it happens is faster than expected That means more costs for cleaning and to add new amine more frequently than planned

Forecasted Budget Actual SpendJan-Dec 2015 $5 million $173 millionJan-Dec 2016 $12 million $146 million

This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually As you can see we spent more than planned on amine maintenance We also learned and we increased our forecast for 2016-17 We found ways to address the issue by half and thats largely how we went from capturing 400000 tonnes of carbon dioxide in year one to 800000 in year two of operation That doesnt mean the issue is solved Were forecasting approximately $15 million for amine maintenance in 2017 and our engineers are hard at work to keep improving how this complex chemical process performs

From Google archive 3062019 of httpswwwsaskpowercomabout-usOur-CompanyBlog201803a-word-from-the-

president-on-smart-meters-and-carbon-capture-and-storage since original apparently no longer available

Amine management issues noted in 2016 but very limited details published

httpswwwsaskpowercomOur-Power-FutureInfrastructure-ProjectsCarbon-Capture-and-StorageBoundary-Dam-Carbon-Capture-Project

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 10: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

httpswwwsaskpowercomOur-Power-FutureInfrastructure-ProjectsCarbon-Capture-and-StorageBoundary-Dam-Carbon-Capture-Project

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 11: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Petra Nova is a joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil amp Gas Exploration that became operational in early January 2017

The largest post-combustion CCS project installed on an existing coal-fired power plant in the world The project is designed to capture approximately 90 percent or 16 million tons annually of the CO2 from NRG Energys WA Parish 240 MW generating station in Texas

httpwwwourworldofenergycomvignettesphptype=coal-powerampid=11

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 12: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Flue Duct

Quencher

AbsorberRegenerator

Cogeneration(steam amp power)

Compressor

CO2 Pipeline

Petra NovaCarbon Capture

Site

https2w4set5pkcc374jjw3jbdf15-wpenginenetdna-sslcomwp-contentuploads2017105-Armpriester-Petra-Novapdf

Carbon Capture System Site Layout

Wet flue gas cooling rather than dry cooling as at BD3 also has a conventional wet FGD upstream that will not be affected by fly ash

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 13: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Pilot testing using real flue gas essential for coal oil and biomass

MHI Pilot Testing Experienceverified by their experience with 10 tpd and 500 tpd pilot test units and subsequently the full scale Petra Nova plant

ldquohelliphellip before offering commercial CO2 capture plants for coal fired flue gas application it is necessary to verify the influence of and develop countermeasures for related impurities contained in coal fired flue gas This includes the influence on both the absorbent and the entire system of the CO2 capture plant to achieve high operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirementsrdquo

ldquoPreventing the accumulation of impurities especially the build-up of dust is very important when treating coal fired flue gas and MHI has undertaken significant work to understand the impact of impurities in order to achieve reliable and stable operating conditions and to efficiently optimize integration between the CO2 capture plant the coal fired power plant and the flue gas clean-up equipmentrdquo

Takahiko Endo Yoshinori Kajiya Hiromitsu Nagayasu Masaki Iijima Tsuyoshi Ohishi Hiroshi Tanaka amp Ronald Mitchell Current Status of MHI CO2

Capture Plant technology Large Scale Demonstration Project and Road map to Commercialization for Coal Fired Flue Gas Application 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 19th-23rd September 2010 RAI Amsterdam The Netherlands

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 14: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Masaki Iijima Tatsuto Nagayasu Takashi Kamijyo Shinya Kishimoto Shinsuke Nakatani Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Capture Demonstration Project at a Coal-fired Power Plant in the USA Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol 49 No 1 (March 2012) httpwwwmhicojptechnologyreviewpdfe491e491037pdf

Run 2011-2015

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 15: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

OEM User Site name Size Approximate

dates

MHI EON NA 100 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

MHI Southern Plant Barry 500 tpd 2011-2015

Cansolv EON Heyden ~150 tpd 2009 (planned

only)

HTCDoosan SSE Ferrybridge 100 tpd 2011-2012

Cansolv RWE Aberthaw 50 tpd 2013

Fluor RWE Wilmhelmshaven 70 tpd 2012-2015

Mitsubishi Hitachi

(now also Cansolv)

SaskPower Shand 120 tpd 2015-2017

2018-

httpwwwcansolvcomrtecontentdocumentCO2Pilotplant2009pdfhttpswwwgovukgovernmentcase-studiescarbon-capture-project-case-studieshttpwwwrwecomwebcmsen2756rweinnovationpower-generationfossil-fired-power-plantsco2-removal-ukhttpwwwfluorcomprojectscarbon-capture-plant-design-buildhttpssequestrationmitedutoolsprojectsshandhtml

Summary of large pilot testing on coal power plants (to 2018)

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 16: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Peter Moser Georg Wiechers Sandra Schmidt Juliana Garcia Moretz-SohnMonteiro Charithea Charalambous Susana Garcia Eva Sanchez FernandezResults of the 18-month test with MEA at the post-combustion capture pilot plant at Niederaussem ndash new impetus to solvent management emissions and dynamic behaviour International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Volume 95 2020 httpsdoiorg101016jijggc2019102945

First published extended pilot test results from RWE pilot plant ndash part of the ACT project ALIGN

But a much longer period of satisfactory operation with reclaiming (in this case ion exchange) would be required to derisk commercial deployment

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 17: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

httpswwwdraxcompress_releasenegative-emissions-pioneer-drax-and-leading-global-carbon-capture-

company-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-group-announce-new-beccs-pilot

24th June 2020

Drax Group and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Engineering Ltd part of

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group

(MHI) have agreed a new bioenergy

with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) pilot project at Drax Power

Station which will get underway this

autumn

The pilot will test MHIrsquos carbon capture

technology ndash marking another step on

Draxrsquos journey towards achieving its

world-leading ambition to be a carbon

negative company by 2030

MHIrsquos 12-month pilot will capture

around 300kg of CO2 a day for the

purpose of confirming its technologyrsquos

suitability for use with biomass flue

gases at Drax

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 18: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Experience of coal pilot plant test duration

bull The Plant Barry pilot unit is an exception with respect to running hours (again because it is producing CO2 for a storage trial) with over 13000 hours by 2014

bull Test duration at the MHI 10 tpd Matsushima pilot unit was ~5000 hours of operation plus another 1000 hours to verify performance at high fly ash loadings1

bull The Fluor pilot unit at Wilhelmshaven was run for a total of ~7000 hours

bull The Shand unit was reported to have been contracted to Mitsubishi Hitachi for 8000 hours of testing

bull Other test programs (eg CCPilot100+ and Cansolv Aberthaw) were truncated prematurely due to changing commercial conditions

bull It is therefore expected to require 4000 - 6000 hours of operation in PCC pilot trials with a proposed solvent reclaimingmakeup approach and operational parameters to verify satisfactory solvent performance although a bad solvent (or solvent management approach) could be evident much earlier

bull RWE recently ran a non-commercial test for gt 1 year

bull But there is MUCH more data to be had from operating power plants ndash these will raise fundamental knowledge questions in areas that in pilot plants donrsquot even exist

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 19: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

A cautionary tale ndash fortunately not PCC

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 20: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

httpwwwpower-engcomarticles201410kemper-plant-costs-rise-an-additional-496m-due-to-startup-delays-brings-total-cost-to-6-1bhtmlcmpid=enl-E280A614

httpwwwmississippipowercomabout-energyplantskemper-county-energy-facilityfacts

Plant 582-megawatt electric power plantTechnology TRIGtrade Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)Location Kemper County Miss about 20 miles north of Meridian MissFuel Mississippi lignite approximately 47 million tons used per year

4 billion mineable tons available in Mississippi aloneCO2 capture At least 65 percent

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 21: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

ldquoThree factors that doomed Kemperrdquo 30 June 2017httpsspectrumieeeorgenergywiseenergyfossil-fuelsthe-three-factors-that-doomed-kemper-county-igcc

bull Complex technology was one of three critical factors dogging the IGCC

bull Perhaps more critical to the plantrsquos fate were ldquounknown startup operation and technology risksrdquo

bull 20 years ago a case could be made for IGCC Then came fracking

bull Initially the project was estimated to cost $22 billion cancelled at $66 billion

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 22: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

[PCC for coal and natural gas plants]

Southerns coal-fired power plants Miller in

Alabama and Daniel in Mississippi will be

included in the plan as well as Plant Ratcliffe

Southern said it chose Kemper County for the

study because of geology that may be able to

store hundreds of millions of metric tons of

carbon underground Burleson said The

geologic formations known as salt domes are

considered to be great places to store carbon

because they can trap the gas and prevent it

from coming back out of the ground he said

But the sound of it brings back bad memories

for Louie Miller director of the Sierra Clubs

Mississippi chapter which fervently opposed

the project for years

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

After Southern stopped all work on the

carbon-capture portion of Kemper which had

ballooned into a $75 billion project by June

2017 the company eventually wrote off the

proprietary technology planned at the site

known as transport integrated gasification

(TRIG) technology That ended hopes of

marketing and selling it to other utilities in the

US and elsewhere

httpswwweenewsnetstories1063448493

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 23: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

THURSDAY JUNE 25 2020 - 126 PMAtkins and Oslo Economics have today submitted the second quality assurance report (KS2) on the CO2 capture and storage project

Norcem will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the cement plant in Brevik while Fortum Oslo Varme will build a trapping plant that can capture about 400000 tonnes of CO2 per year from the waste incineration plant at Klemetsrud

Equinor Shell and Total will store the CO2 under the seabed

According to the report total investments for the project are expected to be between NOK 129 and 171 billion in 2021 depending on whether it is decided to invest in one or two capture facilities

The associated operating costs for ten years of operation will be between NOK 57 and 80 billion

The measure is considered costly with an expected cost of NOK 25 billion [~$26 bn] in 2021 for a total of 10 years of investment and operation of two capture facilities transport with three vessels and storage with two wells including any decommissioning costs The state should take 80 percent of the bill

ldquoThe demonstration project can be socially economically viable given an ambitious climate policy that produces CO2 prices that are about ten times higher than todays quota prices There is considerable uncertainty on the utility side and the measure can therefore also prove to be considerably unprofitable Third-party financing is needed to secure subsequent facilities rdquothe report states

ldquoIt may be best to realize one capture project instead of two because it provides greater inventory volume available for other capture projects and because it reduces the cost without necessarily reducing the learning effects Norcems capture facility appears to be preferable to FOVs primarily due to lower life-cycle costs it further states

Energy Minister Tina Bru (H) has not concluded what she wants to do with the assessments in the report

httpswwwoedigitalcomnews479665-norway-s-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-estimated-to-cost-2-6b

Project costs being examined in Norway

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 24: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

httpsukccsrcacuk

open-access-carbon-

capture-and-storage-

at-karsto-norway

FEED report + gt200

supporting documents

available via

UKCCSRC web site

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 25: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

PLANT AERIAL

VIEW AND

LOCATION

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 26: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

TIE-IN TO EXISTING STACK

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 27: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

TECHNICAL amp COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 28: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT KEY TO

USE OF HIGHER MEA

CONCENTRATIONS

SEMI-CONTINUOUS BATCH

RECLAIMING VENTING INTO

STRIPPER

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 29: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

STEAM SUPPLY amp USE OF AUXILIARY BOILER

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 30: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

bull Very low rank coal

bull Very low sulphur

bull Plant has no FGD

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash cheap solvent so able to tolerate the possibility of SOxand other impurities in the flue gas but this places an emphasis on effective reclaiming

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 31: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

CO2CRC Study Retrofitting an Australian Brown Coal Power Station With Post-Combustion Capture

Map httpworldweatherwmoint185c00434mhtm credited Courtesy Department of Peacekeeping Operations Cartographic Section United Nations Reference Map No 4170 Rev4 January 2004

httpwwwco2crccomaupublication-categoryreports

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 32: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Site visit photo 2 Nov 2017 Loy Yang A Unit 3

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 33: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Brown Coal Retrofit Study PCC Capture System

bull Two PCC modules per 568 MW unit

bull 24 MtCO2yr capacity per module

bull DCC in the base of the absorber tower

bull Absorber - 15m diameter x 15m packed height

bull 190 MW reduction in net unit output BUTcan be rapidly restored

bull Estimated AUD 935 million CAPEX per module

bull AUD 24 to 60 million per year OPEX excluding energy

bull 40 ww MEA with continuous batch reclaiming ndash so open-access

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 34: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Process Flow DiagramBrown coal plant is fairly conventional but some special features are

(a) SOx removal in DCC (b) Stack gas heater at top of absorber (c) Continuous reclaimer

Reclaimer heat goes back to the stripper so small energy penalty

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 35: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Layout for PCC retrofit on all four reference unitsbull Open stack

bull Connections at stack base need major attention

bull Treated flue gas vented at top of absorbers

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 36: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

Example Post-combustion solvent capture configurations for rapid startstop primary response

and general operational controllability and flexibility

Based on Gibbins J and Crane R Scope for reductions in the cost of CO2 capture using flue gas scrubbing with amine solvents Proc IMechE Vol 218

Part A J Power and Energy (2004) 231-239

Solvent storage is a simple concept to enhance PCC performance in real electricity markets but when it can be considered in the context of a realistic plant configuration many fundamental areas for investigation (and exploitation) are highlighted

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 37: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

376414

353 350 362 351 360

MEA 30wwAlstom BASF Fluor HTC MHI Cansolv

World BankPre-Feasibility Study for Establishing a Carbon Capture Pilot Plant in Mexico - Full-Scale Poza Rica NGCC PCC

Retrofit Incremental Electricity Cost ($MWh) for 85 CO2

Capture

Open-technology open-access is a key enabler for international partnerships especially for full-scale PCC projects as well as lab- and pilot-scale work

bull Why is CCUS different ndash only a few (5-10) big PCC projects globally over the next decade and then a huge increase in deployment mainly via retrofits to meet climate targets

bull No automatic access to information ndash cannot buy one to look at ndash customary for reports to redact all really useful information

bull So need to build a next phase of post-combustion (PCC) full-scale projects as open-technology (multiple solvents) with open-access (generic solvent) at least for an initial period

bull Open-access enables international knowledge exchange and strong commercial competition to reduce costs at all stages ndashfeasibility FEED EPC commissioning and initial operation

bull Gets much better value for government expenditure on deployment and RampD

bull Greatly increases the rate at which the field of PCC technologies will improve

bull Open-technology open-access PCC hardware is a fast track to deploy multiple innovations including through in-service upgrading

bull Can try out new solvents etc without building a new plant for every one

bull Plus critical information exchange in both directions with Mission Innovation and pilot testing eg ITCN ACT -Accelerating CCS Technologies

bull Relative costs for an open-technology open-access PCC from a study undertaken for the World Bank+ show overall incremental electricity costs for a range of proprietary PCC technology vendors similar and only marginally better than a first generation open-access solvent 30 ww MEA (2nd gen OA PCC solvents include 35-40 MEA or CESAR-1 (PZ+AMP))

httpsdualchallengenpcorgfilesCCUS20Topic20Paper20220text+coverpdf An open-technology and open-access post-combustion capture initiative for power plants in the USA wwwact-ccseu + httpswwwgobmxsenerendocumentospre-feasibility-study-for-establishing-a-carbon-capture-pilot-plant-in-mexicoidiom=en

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 38: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Study for World Bank found first generation generic solvent gave only slightly higher electricity costs than proprietary solvents for natural gas PCC retrofit

30 ww

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 39: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 40: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

International post-combustion capture retrofit workshop held in Sheffield 9-12 April 2019CCUS specialists from the UK CCS Research Centre and the University of Sheffieldrsquos PACT facilities together with Bechtel (US) TNO (NL) Test Centre Mongstad (Norway) and the Universities of Edinburgh and Leeds held an international workshop on post-combustion capture (PCC) retrofit Together with application experts from China Ireland South Africa and Thailand the workshop examined past open-access PCC studies and potential future practical applications from across the world

Series of workshops has continued hope to expand in the future

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)

Page 41: Insights from post-combustion capture · Jan.-Dec. 2016 $12 million $14.6 million This is part of more than $490 million SaskPower spends to maintain its $10 billion of assets annually.

CO2CRCBechtel Australia

Brown coal retrofit ndash 4 x

520MW

httpwwwco2crccomauwp-

contentuploads201810Retrofitting_Australian_Power_Station_with_PCCpdf

ETI NGCC project Download final project report from this link httpswwweticoukprogrammescarbon-

capture-storagethermal-power-with-ccssize=10ampfrom=0amp_type=eti-

documentamppublicOnly=falseampquery=final+project+reportampprogrammeName5B05D=Carbon

+Capture+and+StorageampprojectName5B05D=Thermal+Power+with+CCS

Karsto NGCC project httppublikasjonernvenoreport2007report2007_02pdf

Full FEED on UKCCSRC web site

httpsukccsrcacukopen-access-carbon-capture-and-storage-at-karsto-norway

Ireland NGCC project Under development ndash see httpwwwerviaiebusiness-developmentcarbon-capture-storage

IEAGHG PH433 ndash a conceptual study on natural gas and coal but quite detailed including for the

capture plant httpsieaghgorgdocsGeneral_DocsReportsPH4-

3320post20combustionpdf

Canada CCS Knowledge Centre Shand retrofit

httpsccsknowledgecomresources2nd-generation

Mexico Posa Rica Nexant study

httpswwwnetldoegovFile20LibraryEvents2016c0220cap20review1-MondayH-Lu-

Nexant-NGCC-Applications-in-Mexicopdf + full details in final Mexico World Bank project

report httpswwwgobmxcmsuploadsattachmentfile107318CCPP_Final_Reportpdf

Netherlands ROAD Maasvlakte

httpsccsnetworkeuprojectsroad-project-rotterdam

DTIDECCBEIS FEED studies httpswwwgovukgovernmentcollectionscarbon-capture-and-storage-knowledge-sharing

Some PCC deployment studies (not all open-access)