INSIDE REA VAYA CHARACTERISTICS AND INDICATORS - COLLEENMCCAUL.pdf · Employment in Rea Vaya system...
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SABOA CONFERENCE 23 FEBRUARY 2012 INSIDE REA VAYA CHARACTERISTICS AND INDICATORS COLLEEN MCCAUL 1
Transcript of INSIDE REA VAYA CHARACTERISTICS AND INDICATORS - COLLEENMCCAUL.pdf · Employment in Rea Vaya system...
SABOA CONFERENCE 23 FEBRUARY 2012
INSIDE REA VAYA
CHARACTERISTICS AND INDICATORS
COLLEEN MCCAUL
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Background/Context
Some of the objectives of Rea Vaya have been to
o Provide quality public transport for Johannesburg residents - on which people feel safe, on which people can depend, which saves travel time, which is affordable, and which is available throughout the day and the week.
o Use the efficiencies of bus lanes and other BRT elements to run an efficient operation
o Enable participation in a modern bus company for taxi owners and drivers
o Provide a credible alternative to car use
o Contribute to a greener city
Have been able to assemble some data now that enables us to begin to understand its characteristics, and to see how well it is doing against its objectives.
Trunk Route
Construction
Programme to
2015
3
Phase 1A is in full operation Gradual implementation
August 2009 to 1 February 2011
Full km and all routes now being run
41 articulated buses and 102 standard buses in operation
25.5 km of dedicated routes
75.8 km of feeders and complementary routes
30 stations in operation
Average weekday passenger trips of 40 000, over 1 million passengers per month
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SERVICE CHARACTERISTICS AND RIDERSHIP
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Service characteristics 1
Frequency: Headways in minutes are:
Service hours: First bus (weekdays) is 4:50 and last bus is at 22:00
• On the weekends, first bus is 5:15 on Saturday and 6:00 on Sunday; last bus is 19:00 on both days
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Service Peak Off-peak
Trunk Soweto -CBD 3 10
Soweto-CBD complementary
route
5 15
Feeder routes 5, 10 or 15 30
Local complementary routes 10 or 15 15 or 20
Service characteristics 2
On a normal weekday 1 481 one-way trips are operated.
o 406 on the Soweto-CBD trunk route
o 218 on the Soweto-CBD complementary route
o 857 on the Soweto feeder and local routes
On Saturdays service operates at about half of weekday strength, and a third on Sundays.
Some 6,5 million scheduled km are operated a year.
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Service characteristics 3
Of all the kilometres
operated, 53% are run on the exclusive busways.
So almost half of Rea Vaya km are operated in mixed traffic.
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Photo: Colleen McCaul
Bus trips and
kilometres
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The articulated buses make 7 one-way trips each a day, while the 13-metre buses make 11.7 (average trip distance of 12.5km compared to 24.1km average trip of the artics)
About 600 000km will be travelled by the articulated and 525 000 km by the complementary buses in their 12-year contracts at this rate.
Approximately 400 passenger trips are made in each bus per day.
2.02 passengers are carried per scheduled bus km
Ridership since inception
1
3 2
6 5 7
8
4
Fare revenue
2
1
Capacity utilisation 60% of provided service capacity on the trunk and complementary Soweto-CBD routes is used. This includes standing space, all hours, and all directions. In the peak hour 95% of the trunk route capacity is utilised.
Capacity utilisation is 30% on feeder and local routes, and 40% is the overall average across the whole service.
While services run for 17 hours, Soweto- City routes carry 72% of their daily passengers during the three-hour peak periods
28% of the passengers on these two main routes are carried in the 11 hours of the off- peak.
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Trunk route profile
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To the
City
From
the City
Flow of passengers into all
stations
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Flow of passengers into all
stations 2
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Fares & tickets
19 Photo: GIZ
Characteristics of ticket system
Typically vendors sell about 36% of the tickets and stations sell 64%.
However, typically paper ticket systems have 25% to 30% non-payment.
Fare evasion is checked by an inspectorate (12% of trips checked).
AFC will bring with it access control.
Fares
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EMV smartcards will be
introduced in the second half
of 2012. This new fare
structure will be introduced at
the same time.
The fare will be charged for
total distance travelled, even
if passengers transfer several
times to make the whole trip.
Two fare increases to date
Affordability
22 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
3km Up to11km 13 km 15 km 18km 20 km 21km 24 km 28 km 32 km 36 km
Rea Vaya 2012/13
Taxi Fare
Travel time savings
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The running time on the trunk route, between Thokoza Park Station to Ellis Park Station is now 50 minutes, which is an average speed of 30 km/hr.
Comparable car journey speeds on this route (surveys prior to Rea Vaya opening) were:
51 to 54 minutes from Soweto to Ellis Park (peaks and off peak)
45 to 48 minutes from Ellis Park to Soweto in the morning peak and midday periods
77 minutes from Ellis Park to Soweto in the afternoon peak
Rea Vaya is competitive with car
journey times, and is a much quicker
option in the afternoon peak.
Express buses being introduced which
will be even quicker.
Photo: Claus Nakata
Travel time 2:Incursions in bus lane In an average
month, JMPD fines:
200 people for driving in the bus lane
44 people for
parking their cars in the bus lane
48 people for stopping their vehicle in the bus lane
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Photo: Claus Nakata
Photo: Carlosfelipe Pardo
Service Quality
Service quality is managed partly by the penalty system.
There is a penalty schedule to the contract which lists 70 possible infringements, in the following categories:
Administration
Employment
Operational
Bus and equipment condition
Driver conduct and driving
Violations attract penalty points between 1 (minor) and 4 (major); also a category “unacceptable” which are regarded as breach of contract
Rea Vaya’s quality control inspectors keep a log of infringements, which are reviewed with the operator on a regular basis, discussed, revised if necessary, and signed off.
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Service quality 2
The most common penalty in Rea Vaya is for missing a scheduled trip, which is fined two points.
Each penalty point results in 25 operated kilometres not being paid.
Thus a missed trip will result in a penalty of approximately R1 500.
In the first two weeks of January 124 penalty points were incurred, all relating to 62 missed trips.
This is a tiny number, amounting to 0.3% of scheduled trips, i.e. 99.7% of trips were operated.
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Reliability: Strikes
Clidet/Piotrans: 9 strikes in total in 30 months of operation
o The temporary bus operating company, Clidet, experienced 6 strikes lasting 7 days altogether (between September 2009 and January 2011).
o Since the handover to Piotrans on 1 February 2011, there have been 3 driver strikes lasting 67 days altogether. Person-days lost in these have totalled
12429, most of them during the 57-day strike in August and September 2011.
o The 9 strikes have been related to demands around wages and working conditions, permanent employment, union recognition, shifts, working on weekends and public holidays.
Agreements reached after the August/September strike have brought about a more stable environment.
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Reliability: Strikes 2
At the stations, managed by the City entity, Metropolitan Trading Company, there have been 2 strikes to date.
o The first in October 2009 was due to issues with the contractor who employed cleaners and security staff,
o The other in December 2012 was in support of a demand for permanent job status (some staff on temporary contracts).
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Employment in Rea
Vaya system
Rea Vaya System
Employment
787
Bus Operating Company 237 Drivers 220
Other staff 17
Stations 502 Ambassadors 94
Cashiers 98
Marshalls 90
Cleaning staff (contracted) 72
Security staff (contracted) 136
Head office 12
Rea Vaya Business Unit
(council staff)
48
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Plus 15 047 jobs in construction where a job is
defined as 55 days of continuous work per person Photo: Colleen McCaul
Employment in Rea Vaya system 2
All Rea Vaya drivers were former taxi drivers.
Rea Vaya resulted in 585 taxis being taken off the road.
The drivers were eligible for preferential access to employment, and 414 of them registered on a database.
Many have been employed as drivers or in the stations, or will be employed in the security and cleaning contracts for the station.
The improvement in earnings compared to being a taxi driver is about R21m per annum – former earnings were about R17m whereas earnings in the system total about R38m. In addition, former taxi drivers benefit from formal working conditions
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Ownership of Rea Vaya bus
company
The bus operating company Piotrans (Pty) Ltd is 100% owned by former taxi owners
There are just over 300 shareholders, each of whom operated taxis on routes affected by Rea Vaya Phase 1A.
The City encouraged the participation of the affected taxi owners, and negotiated a 12-year contract with them.
They have elected a board of directors and employed a management team, staff and drivers, who successfully operate the Rea Vaya contract.
They have a partnership with Fanalca South Africa, whose mother company is a major BRT operator in South America.
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Customers 1
1585 passengers interviewed last June (8%)
Gender: 51% female, 49% male
80% of Rea Vaya passengers are under 45 years of age
50% of them are 30 years old or younger
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Photo: Colleen McCaul
Customers 2
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Trip Purpose
Business / Work 56%
Education 17%
Shopping 12%
Personal, administrative
or social
5%
Looking for work 5%
Other 5%
Occupation Working full time 56%
Student 16%
Unemployed 13%
Working part time 6%
Scholar 4%
Retired 3%
Other 2%
Customers 3
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Length of use No. of pass
< 6 months 26%
6-12 months 33%
13-18 months 17%
>18 months 24%
Regularity of use No. of pass
Always/usually 74%
Sometimes 24%
Hardly ever 3%
Photo: Claus Nakata
Customers 4: satisfaction rating
Gave 1 to 4 rating
on 12 features of
Rea Vaya (3 is
“satisfied”)
Average of all
scores was 3.1
“Overall quality”
averaged 3.24
4 = very satisfied
3 = satisfied
2= dissatisfied
Safety and accidents
During 2011 (excluding January) Piotrans recorded 227 accidents. Of these 210 were damage to the bus only (scratches and minor damage) and 17 involved injuries to people, of whom two died.
In that period some 4,8million km were operated, meaning a rate of 4.7 incidents every 100 000 km. The injury rate was 0.35 per 100 000 km.
36 Photo: Carlosfelipe Pardo
Safety and accidents 2
Out of the 17 accidents with injuries:
14 involved pedestrians, 2 involved other vehicles, one was caused by a stone thrown at the bus
2 people died – one was a woman crossing at a non-crossing zone and the other a man hit by a police vehicle in the bus lane and thrown onto an oncoming bus.
50% happened in the city centre and involved pedestrians
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Photo: Carlosfelipe Pardo
Safety and accidents 3
While the overall rate is 4,7 the inner city distribution route has a rate of 12. The inner city route operates in a difficult environment with pedestrian incursions onto the bus lane and high levels of taxi and other traffic
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Photo: Carlosfelipe Pardo
Safety and accidents 4
The Protea Glen feeder also has a higher accident rate - of nearly 8 per 100 000km. The buses are often damaged as the streets are narrow and they need to climb sidewalks.
Vandalism – 14 incidents in 2011
Detailed analysis has been undertaken to identify drivers more prone to accidents than others, and defensive driving training is a priority in 2012.
Some infrastructure issues include signage and lack of a turning phase for buses at some traffic lights.
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Reducing greenhouse gas
Rea Vaya Phase 1A and 1B are registered as a project on the Verified Carbon Standard programme (VCS).
The project document was approved by VCS validators and Rea Vaya can sell carbon credits.
The validated project document estimates that Rea Vaya Phase 1A and 1B will reduce GHG emissions in Joburg each year by about 40 000 tons of CO2e
This amounts to about 0,2% of the city’s entire volume of GHG emissions (19 million tons).
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Rea Vaya buses fuel consumption
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Aug-Sep Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec
RIDGID (Km/lt) 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.93 1.91 1.94 1.93 1.75 1.87
ARTIC.. (Km/lt) 1.5 1.48 1.51 1.47 1.46 1.47 1.52 1.52 1.53 1.54
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
KM
/ L
T
FUEL CONSUMPTION (KM/LT
51 litres/100km
67 litres/100km
Switching from other modes October 2010 survey:
11% of Rea Vaya passengers were formerly private car users
63% taxi users
17% train users
8% bus users.
The average distance previously driven by the car users per trip was 18, 6 km
The 585 taxis taken off the roads and replaced by Rea Vaya represent about 10% of all the taxis operating in and from Soweto. About 8% of Soweto-based public transport users switched to Rea Vaya.
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One of the original objectives of Rea Vaya was
to offer car users a genuine public transport
alternative. Although it operates on a route
already heavily public transport intensive, it has
done surprisingly well to attract car users.
Photo: Colleen McCaul
Conclusions
Did we meet our objectives? Rea Vaya has had its share of difficulties that
sometimes mean a less than perfect service – passenger perceptions of not enough buses; the drivers’ strikes; running without an AFC; encroachment on the busways; inadequate
traffic signalling and signage; and imperfect passenger information. These problem areas are steadily being addressed.
The original objectives, though, are being substantially achieved – Rea
Vaya is showing that it is within our reach to:
o Provide a quality public transport service that is affordable.
o Achieve full participation in a modern bus company for taxi owners and drivers.
oRe-create Joburg as a city in which you can live without needing to use a car.
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