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Inside...1. Eighty-First Annual Meeting, Pune ........................ 12. Council ................................................................... 73. Twenty-Seventh Mid-Year Meeting ....................... 84. Elections 2016 ....................................................... 95. Special Issues of Journals ................................... 116. Promotion of Academy Journals .......................... 137. Discussion Meetings ............................................ 148. Raman Professor ................................................. 169. Jubilee Professor ................................................. 16

10. Academy Public Lectures .................................... 1711. 'Women in Science' Panel Programmes ............. 1812. National Science Day 2016 ................................ 1913. Repository of Scientific Publications of

Academy Fellows ................................................ 1914. Summer Research Fellowship Programme ......... 2015. Refresher Courses and

Lecture Workshops .............................................. 2016. Observance of Vigilance Awareness Week ........ 4017. Hindi Workshops .................................................. 4018. Superannuated Academy Staff ............................ 4019. Obituaries ............................................................. 41

EIGHTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING, PUNE6–8 NOVEMBER 2015

The 81st Annual Meeting of the Indian Academy ofSciences was held at IISER–Pune. The meeting washosted by IISER – Pune in association with CSIR–NCLand NCCS, during 6 to 8 November 2015. The three-daymeeting began with the Presidential Address, followed bytwo mini-symposia – one on “Light and Matter” and theother on “General Relativity”, two public lectures, twospecial lectures, as well as lectures on various topics byFellows and Associates of the Academy. This meetingwas attended by 130 Fellows and Associates of theAcademy and by 40 teachers.

On 5th November, members of the Science EducationPanel met with the invited teachers in an interactive session.This meeting was also attended by the Fellows of theAcademy who were present on that day at the meetingvenue.

In his Presidential Address, Dipankar Chatterji (IISc,Bengaluru) spoke on the social behaviour of bacteria. Itis known that bacteria exhibit several responses understress which are intimately related to community behaviour;

EIGHTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING, PUNE6–8 NOVEMBER 2015

March 2016No. 63

Newsletter of the Indian Academy of Sciences

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EDITORK N Ganesh

Published byIndian Academy of SciencesBengaluru 560 080, IndiaPhone: (080) 2266 1200, 2361 3922email: office@ias.ernet.in

This Newsletter is available on theAcademy website at: www.ias.ac.in/patrika/

To receive a regular copy of theNewsletter, please write to theExecutive Secretary of the Academy(execsec@ias.ernet.in)

Twenty-seventh Mid-year Meeting, Bengaluru 1 – 2 July 2016

Refresher Courses

• Experimental Physics – 75Goa University, Goa 10 – 25 May 2016

• MathematicsThe Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 6 – 18 June 2016

• Experimental Physics – 76K L University, Guntur 14 – 29 June 2016

• Differential equations and their applications in science and engineeringIndian School of Mines, Dhanbad 4 – 16 July 2016

• Experimental Physics – 77Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai 5 – 20 July 2016

Refresher Course in Experimental PhysicsGovernment Helkar Science College, Indore 13 – 28 October 2016

Lecture Workshops

• Internet of things: A research perspective for smart environmentDr GRD College of Science, Coimbatore 15 – 16 April 2016

• Chemistry and biology interfaceVidyasagar University, Midnapore 21 – 22 April 2016

• Emerging technologies based on nanoscience – a popularization workshopMody University of Science and Technology, Sikar 22 – 23 April 2016

Forthcoming Events

•

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for example, quorum sensing in bacteria in the contextof formation of biofilms, which could lead to antibiotictolerance. Elaborating on the molecular mechanism ofquorum sensing and biofilm formation, he describedthe role of RNA polymerase and secondarymessengers such as guanosine pentaphosphate(ppGpp) and cyclic di-guanylate (c-di-GMP) in biofilmformation. ppGpp, for example, was found to bindto the Rel enzyme, thus regulating the stringentresponse induced in bacteria when in hostileenvironments (such as those found in the host cell).The take-home message was that bacteria are arguablythe toughest survival artists on the planet. That thesemicroorganisms can even be immune to antibiotics isascribed to their ability to re-organise themselvesthrough cooperation. If we can understand how theycooperate, we may succeed in outwitting these tiny,but tough and social creatures and combat the peril ofantibiotic resistance.

This was followed by a talk by Rama Kant (Universityof Delhi, Delhi) on the theories for anomalousresponses in disordered electrodes. He combinesexperimental techniques like scanning electronmicroscopy with theoretical modelling in nano-electrochemistry to study the properties of electrodesurfaces. The nano-level topology of electrodesurfaces affects local work function, which in turnaffects charge transfer, adsorption and otherelectronic properties. He also showed that propertieslike exchange current density can be controlled withelectrode shape and roughness.

The use of atomically thin membranes in solid statephysics has surged over the last 10 years. Theselayers, just one atom thick, are flexible, resistantto mechanical strain, biocompatible and can functionat room temperatures. These properties have led tothe emergence of flexible opto-electronic devices fora range of functions, such as light emitting diodesand photodetectors. Arindam Ghosh (IISc, Bengaluru)and his colleagues have developed one of themost highly sensitive photodetectors known tilldate. They developed a binary hybrid of grapheneand molybdenum disulphide which is capable ofphotodetection of illumination as low as 5×10–10 A/W.

Susanta Roychoudhury (Saroj Gupta Cancer Centerand Research Institute, Kolkata) presented hisgroup’s studies on mitotic stress in cancer. Heexplained the role of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which constitutes a protein complexthat regulates cell division. He hypothesised thatmutation or absence of tumour suppressor proteinslike p53 and Rb leads to overexpression of two

proteins of the complex, CDC20 and E2F1, whichleads to aneuploidy. There exists a delicate balancebetween mitotic cell division and aneuploidy, wherean excess of aneuploidy leads to cell death, whileaneuploidy up to a certain level leads to excessproliferation. He also explained the role of themicroRNA miR-125b, which inhibits cell proliferationby transiently activating SAC.

Kaushal Varma (IISc, Bengaluru) presented hiswork on quadrature domains and potential theory.Based, among others, on the Aharonov-ShapiroTheorem, he explained the conditions for identifyingother quadrature domains.

The year 2015 was the Centennial Year of GeneralRelativity. Also, the UN General Assembly in its68th Session proclaimed this year as the InternationalYear of Light and Light-based Technologies(IYL 2015). To commemorate these mileposts andbring together scientific minds to review the currentscenario and future directions in these fields, the81st Annual Meeting of the Academy includedsymposia on general relativity and on light and matter.

The symposium on ‘Light and Matter’ comprisedthree lectures detailing the use of light-basedtechnologies in areas ranging from physics andbotany to medical sciences. The opening lecture byG Ravindra Kumar (TIFR, Mumbai) was on high-intensity lasers in physics. The talk focused on twobasic themes – one dealing with how light couplesto plasmas and the other with the consequence ofsuch coupling, namely, the production of hot electronsand the transport of their mega-ampere currentsthrough dense matter. He presented the work fromhis laboratory: creation of gigantic magnetic fields,ultrafast plasma dynamics, passage of relativisticparticles through dense, hot matter and theinteresting consequences in terms of electron andion accelerations, ultrafast hard x-ray emission laserfusion and laboratory astrophysics. The second lecturein the symposium, by Anunay Samanta (Universityof Hyderabad, Hyderabad), dealt with employing lightas an initiator and a probe. His talk focused on thecore research activities of his team: mechanism ofradiative and non-radiative deactivation of a variety ofphoto-excited systems, spectral and temporalcharacterisation of short-lived species, and dynamicsof various ultrafast processes in different media.G Krishnamoorthy (Anna University, Chennai)delivered the last talk of this symposium in which heemphasised the role of light in molecular biophysics.He spoke on the usefulness of various time-domainfluorescent techniques for addressing issues related

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to dynamics of proteins, protein–DNA complexes,bio-membranes and single living cells. He alsodiscussed some of his team’s work such as themotional dynamics of side chains used to obtainstructural information on protein folding, the continuousnature of protein folding brought out in the timeevolution of structural change during folded-unfoldedtransition, which was revealed by rotational dynamics,the internal structure of protein fibrils revealed bysite-specific side-chain dynamics, the correlationbetween protein side chain motion and solventdynamics, local and segmental dynamics of DNAused to reveal mechanistic aspects in DNArecombination and DNA replication error identification,site-specific dynamics used in revealing the mechanismof action of an RNA switch, etc.

The first day concluded with a public lecture byC N R Rao (JNCASR, Bengaluru). He recalled hisearly career when he picked the then little knownfield of solid state chemistry, which would later developinto the vast field of materials chemistry. He advisedstudents ‘to pick the lonely road’. He advised

circuitry that enables the brain to perceive two pointsas physically distinct. In rodents, the whiskers on thesnout act as ‘fingers’ that sense the environmentand communicate to the brain using an intricatecircuitry called ‘barrels’. She presented the workfrom her laboratory, which discovered that the lossof a single protein, the transcription factor Lhx2,results in a complete loss of the barrels. Surprisingly,they found that nerves bringing in the signals fromthe whiskers do make connections with the sensorycortex, although the circuitry that brings aboutresolution and discrimination is profoundly defectivewhen Lhx2 is lost. These results place Lhx2 as acentral regulator of circuit formation in the brain.

The efforts towards the total synthesis of bioactivemolecules were presented by K R Prasad (IISc,Bengaluru). He stressed the importance of totalsynthesis of natural products for producingtherapeutically significant molecules on a large scale.

The challenges and opportunities in the field of visiblelight communications and associated technologieswere elaborated by A Chokalingam (IISc, Bengaluru).He spoke about his team’s contribution in the areaof multiple LED wireless communications.

The second day included a symposium on ‘GeneralRelativity’. Ghanashyam Date (IMSc, Chennai)summarised the successes and challenges of thetheory of relativity a hundred years since it was firstproposed. He elaborated on some spectacularsuccesses of General Relativity in explaining allthe gravitational phenomena we know so far, viz.precession of planetary orbits, the bending of lightnear massive bodies, gravitational lensing, and theemission of gravitational waves from binary stars.Although the theory has survived a century of testsof its validity, it remains young in spirit, as some ofits predictions are still to be confirmed, notablythe prediction of gravitation waves, singularities inblack holes and cosmology, the meaning of thecosmological constant, thermodynamic connectionsof general relativity and, most importantly, a correctquantum theory of gravity. The next speaker of the

students to pick good problems to work on, and dothe best work possible with the resources availableto them as the quality of science depended on thequality of the scientific question chosen. He alsocalled for a greater chunk of the nation’s GDP tobe invested in scientific research as well as anincreased contribution from the industry.

The meeting also witnessed two special lectures inthe fields of neurosciences and physical chemistry.The second day began with the first special lecture,titled “Sensational barrels in the brain: the circuitryof sensory resolution” by Shubha Tole (TIFR,Mumbai). She elaborated on the ability of the sensorysystem to discriminate, at a very high resolution,signals coming in from various sensory modalities.This ability depends on the precise wiring of the

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symposium, R Gopakumar (ICTS, Bengaluru)addressed the quantum gravity problem. Hedescribed early attempts to formulate quantumgravity as a quantum field theory (QFT) of gravitons.Analysis of this field theory leads to severalproblems, and the amplitude of scattering ofgravitons is not calculable. A resolution of theseproblems comes from string theory, whose funda-mental constituent is a string, not a particle. Yet, thelowest excitation of a closed string is the masslessspin-2 graviton. String theory predicts highercurvature corrections to general relativity. Thescattering amplitude for gravitons can be computedin this theory, and is finite. The downside of thisremarkable success is that for its consistency, stringtheory needs super-symmetry and extra dimensions.There is no evidence of this as yet in the LargeHadron Collider. Recent advances have been madein quantum gravity on anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-time. Shiraz Minwalla (TIFR, Mumbai) started onthis note. In his talk on applied gravity, he outlinedhow gravity in AdS space-time could be used tounderstand the non-gravitational conformal fieldtheory (CFT) on its boundary, a maximally super-symmetric version of quantum chromo-dynamics. Thiscorrespondence can be used to obtain answers toquestions common to many CFTs. For example, inthe long wavelength limit, many interactive CFTs aredescribed by the equations of hydrodynamics. Viathe gravity-CFT correspondence, Einstein gravity canbe used to obtain the constitutive relations of thisfluid. The last talk, ‘Gravity and/of Cosmos’, wasby T Padmanabhan (IUCAA, Pune), who presentedintriguing observations on the cosmologicalconstant problem. Seventy per cent of the energy inthe universe is in the form of a dark energy orcosmological constant, whose (small) value needs tobe explained. The parameters describing theuniverse can be written as the energy density duringinflation, dark energy density, energy density duringmatter– radiation equality, and the scale factor inthis epoch. With the exception of dark energy, highenergy physics can be used to estimate theremaining.

Defining porphyrins as pigments of life, M Ravikanth(IIT, Mumbai) described electron transfer observedin various life processes such as photosynthesis,O2/CO2 transport, and metabolism. Synthesis ofhighly fluorescent systems of polyarylated boron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPY) and multi-polyarylatedBODIPY that could be used as sensors for pH,cyanide and flouride studies was outlined. He alsodiscussed potential applications of using suchmolecules in health and medicine and the challengestherein.

Sumantra Chattarji (NCBS, Bengaluru) started hislecture by recalling an experiment performed byEdouard Claparede in 1911 on an amnesic patientwith short-term memory to emphasise the differencein factual and emotional memories. It has sincebeen established that long-lasting emotional memoriesare formed in the amygdala and factual memoriesare formed in the hippocampus. Through experimentswith rats, this group has shown changes in synapticfunctions of even single neurons in the amygdalain stressed versus non-stressed subjects. Importantly,they were able to demonstrate that with Pavlovianfear conditioning, neurons would fire indiscriminatelyeven in the presence of non-threatening stimuli inorder to play safe. This information is important forthe treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders andsimilar conditions by the design of drugs targeted tothe amygdala and not the hippocampus neurons.

A C Anil (NIO, Goa) highlighted the importance ofbio-communication in ocean ecosystems throughthe example of red abalone larvae which meta-morphose only in the presence of coralline redalgae. Therefore, each organism and its populationdynamics are affected through chemical recognition.He described studies that focused on inter-tidal andsub-tidal regions that experience most changes inconditions during the day due to tides. Thus, coastalecosystems serve as useful markers for changes inclimatic or environmental conditions. In temperateregions, seasonal variations play a major role inthe changing coastal ecosystems; for example,phytoplankton bloom in the spring and other populationsfollow their cue. In tropical areas, minimal water-temperature variations mean sustenance of a uniformecosystem. However, in India, the monsoonsaffect salinity via rainfall and river discharge, whichinfluence the growth of organisms. The speaker’sstudy of the population dynamics of barnacles withspecific reference to monsoonal ecosystems andtheir perturbations was highlighted.

Quantisation of the notion of isometric group whenC*algebra in question is endowed with special datawas discussed by Jyothishman Bhowmick (ISI,Kolkatta).

Human health in the era of sustainable developmentwas described by K Srinath Reddy (Public HealthFoundation of India, New Delhi) in a public lecture atthe end of the second day. His talk indicated thatthat society’s health and well-being are profoundlydependent on the health of our environment and ofour planet. The new United Nations SustainableDevelopment Goals (2015 – 2030) placed healthfirmly within the framework of sustainable economic,social and environmental development. Health and

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sustainability are tightly woven into a multi-sectoralmatrix that must factor in issues such as airpollution, energy and water security, nutrition-sensitiveagriculture and food systems, climate change,education, poverty reduction, urban planning andgender equity. There is an urgent need for trans-disciplinary scientific approaches to find and designsustainable solutions. Even in human biology, newunderstandings of the role of the microbiome, theecological basis of zoonotic diseases, and theevolutionary biology of antimicrobial resistanceunderscore the interdependence of life forms andthe connectivity of human and planetary health.This lecture made a case for such cross-domainresearch.

On the third day, Kankan Bhattacharyya (IACS,Kolkatta), in a special lecture, spoke on ‘Singlemolecule spectroscopy of a single live cell’. Hediscussed some of the applications of singlemolecular spectroscopy. In a confocal microscope, thesize of the focused spot (~200 nm) is one-hundredththe dimension of a cell. Thus, one can probe differentregions/organelles in a cell using this. For example,substantial differences between a cancer cell and anormal cell can be observed: Gold nano-clusterspreferentially enter or stain a cancer cell rather thana non-malignant cell. The red-ox processes (thiol-

disulphide inter-conversion) lead to intermittent structuraloscillations, which in turn lead to fluctuations influorescence intensity in a single live cell. Suchoscillations are absent for a cancer cell. The numberof lipid droplets is much higher in a cancer cell thanin a non-malignant cell.

Arpita Patra (IISc, Bengaluru) spoke about usingmultipatiry cryptography for secure communicationsto keep data private and its use, an area whichhas immense applications such as in satellitepositioning, e-voting, e-auction, and data mining.

Describing a new approach to treat severe acutemalnutrition (SAM) in children, Nita Bhandari (Centrefor Health Research and Development, New Delhi)described the results from one of the largest suchstudies undertaken. The study compared theefficacy of three different methods of treating SAM(augmented home food), commercial ready-to-use-therapeutic-food (RUTF) and locally prepared RUTF,and found that locally prepared RUTF was the mosteffective of these methods.

Ranjani Vishwanatha (JNCASR, Bengaluru) spokeabout the synthesis of uniformly doped semi-conductor nanocrystals with the constructive useof diffusion of dopants out of the nanocrystals with awide range of dopants such as Mn, Fe, Co and Ni.

Evolvability of chromosomes with respect to thebacterial genome was explored in a talk by AswinSeshasayee (NCBS, Bengaluru). Adaptation inbacteria arises by the change of genome and genomeexpression. This is dependent on specific triggersarising from the ‘cost’ versus ‘benefit’ of acquiringchanges in genome organisation. Horizontal genetransfer occurs when genes are transferred from oneorganism to another in the same generation. In thefast-growing bacterial population, genes requiredfor growth are highly expressed while horizontallyacquired genes are expressed at lower levels. Suchxenogene silencing is contrasted with loss of genesilencing by gene acquisition. Chromatin organisationand convergence of gene regulatory networksdetermine the gene expression homoeostasis in theevolving bacterial cell.

Sharmila Bapat (NCCS, Pune) drew attention tominimal residual disease cells found in cancerpatients after treatment that are found to be drugresistant. This drug refractory behaviour is attributed tomolecular heterogeneity due to presence of cancer stemcells. Her work on tumours developed from ovariancancer stem cells in rats analysed this behaviour andidentified discrete cell populations using severalfunctional assays. Drug refractory behaviour was also

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analysed with observations of shift in cell populationsin response to various drug designs. This opens uppossibilities for personalised drug design.

The puzzle of the Higgs boson mass and thespeculations of physics Beyond the Standard Modelwere discussed by Gautam Bhattacharyya (SINP,Kolkatta)

Mitali Mukherji (IGIB, New Delhi) described thebasic premise of Ayurveda that individuals havedifferential basal levels of three ‘doshas’ – vaata,pitta and kapha – that define their ‘prakriti’, or well-being. If a perturbation in any of these levels occurs,diseased state occurs and therapy should bedirected towards restoration of the individual’s basallevels. Due to genomic variations in humans, it isdifficult to genetically define a healthy individual.Her study hypothesises that genomic homogeneitycould be identified through prakriti methods in orderto categorise individuals into groups that are likelyto show similarities in response to specific therapy.Characteristics associated with the doshas wereused to define the groups of individuals that werethen tested for genomic variation.

In a Special Open Lecture, James Jackson (Universityof Cambridge) discussed how variations in the

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structure and rheology of the lithosphere affectsurface geology. Over the last decade, advances inearthquake seismology have allowed us to makeincreasingly detailed maps of the variations inlithosphere (plate) thickens. He spoke in detail of the2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake and emphasisedthat mere prediction accuracy was insufficient. Hespoke of the need of better knowledge of the earth-quake hazards and their context, as well as effectivepathways to improve resilience.

On 6 November, a vocal recital by Dr Ashwini BhideDeshpande, a Hindustani classical music vocalistfrom Mumbai who pursues the Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana,was held.

COUNCIL

• Prof. R. Ramaswamy (President)

• Prof. Dipankar Chatterji (Previous President)

• Prof. Manindra Agrawal (Vice-President)

• Dr. Sunil Bajpai

• Prof. Sudha Bhattacharya

• Prof. Deepak Dhar

• Dr. Madhu Dikshit

• Prof. K. N. Ganesh (Vice-President )

• Prof. Arun K. Grover (Vice-President)

• Prof. Chanda J. Jog

• Prof. Lalit Kumar

• Prof. Uday Maitra (Secretary)

• Prof. Partha P. Majumder

• Prof. K. H. Paranjape

• Prof. R. Ramesh

• Dr. V. V. Ranade

• Prof. D. D. Sarma

• Prof. K. L. Sebastian (Vice-President)

• Prof. R. Varadarajan (Treasurer)

• Prof. Umesh V. Waghmare (Secretary)

Until December 2015, the Council under the Presidentship of Prof. Dipankar Chatterji was in office. InJanuary 2016, a new Council assumed office with Prof. R Ramaswamy as the President.

The members of the Council for the period 2016 to 2018 are:

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1–2 July 2016Venue: Faculty Hall,

Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru

Programme1 July 2016 (Friday)

0930–1010 Special LectureDipankar Bhattacharya, IUCAA, PuneThe astrosat mission

1010–1300 Lectures by Fellows/Associates

1010–1030 P B Sunil Kumar, IIT, ChennaiMechanisms governing shape changes inbiological membranes

1035–1055 T Punniyamurthy, IIT, GuwahatiCarbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatombonds formation and their application formedicinally significant heterocycles

1120–1140 K N Uma, VSSC, ThiruvananthapuramTropical mesoscale convective systemsand its associated dynamics

1145–1205 Suman Chakraborty, IIT, KharagpurLiquid water may stick on hydrophobicsurfaces

1210–1230 Mahak Sharma, IISER, MohaliMolecular mechanisms regulatingendosome-lysosome tethering andfusion

1235–1255 Shantanu Chowdhury, IGIB, DelhiKnotty DNA: Another dimension to generegulation

1415–1500 Lectures by Fellows/Associates1415–1435 Debashish Goswami, ISI, Kolkata

Quantum group symmetry of classicaland noncommutative geometry

1440–1500 Kanishka Biswas, JNCASR, BengaluruOrigin of ultra-low thermal conductivity incomplex chalcogenides: Effect of lonepair, anharmonic rattling and bondingasymmetry

1520–1730 Symposium on ‘Gravitational Waves’

1520–1530 Tarun Souradeep, IUCAA, PuneIntroduction

TWENTY-SEVENTHMID-YEAR MEETING

1530–1550 Bala Iyer, ICTS, BengaluruFrom prediction to detection: Highlightsof the fascinating history of gravitationalwaves

1555–1615 Sukanta Bose, IUCAA, PuneIn the era of gravitational waveastronomy

1620–1640 Sendhil Raja, RRCAT, IndoreInterferometric gravitational wavedetectors: Technological challenges

1645–1705 P Ajith, ICTS, BengaluruTesting general relativity usinggravitational-wave observations

1710-1730 Varun Bhalerao, IUCAA, PuneMulti-messenger astronomy withgravitational waves

1800–1900 Public LecturePratap Bhanu Mehta, Centre for PolicyResearch, New Delhi

2 July 2016 (Saturday)

0900–094 Special LectureK N Ganeshaiah, BengaluruFeeling the ‘pulses’ for protein revolution

0940–1240 Lectures by Fellows/Associates

0940–1000 Amalendu Krishna, TIFR, MumbaiAlgebraic K-theory and algebraic cycles

1005–1025 Saman Habib, CDRI, LucknowA relict organelle that changed the waywe thought of malaria

1030–1050 R Prabhu, IIT, PatnaA glimpse into quantum informationscience

1120–1300 Lectures by Fellows/Associates1120–1140 Subhra Chakraborty, NIPGR, New Delhi

Understanding biomolecular networksmodulating nutrient response andimmunity in plant

1145–1205 Sunil K Singh, PRL, AhmedabadBiogeochemistry of trace elements andisotopes in the Indian Ocean

1210–1230 K V Venkatesh, IIT, MumbaiSystems engineering perspective ofhuman metabolism: A multi-scale modelfor disease analysis

1235–1255 D S Pandey, BHU, VaranasiAggregation induced emission:Optical and morphological insights

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ELECTIONS – 2016

S GaneshIndian Institute of Technology, KanpurHuman Molecular Genetics,Neurobiology of Disease,Stress Biology (Medicine)

Pradyut GhoshIndian Association for theCultivation of Science, KolkataChemical Sensing of Ions, Anion &Ion Pair Recognition Chemistry,Interlocked Molecular Systems &Self-Assembly

Saman HabibCSIR – Central Drug Research Institute,LucknowParasitology, Molecular & Cell Biology

Ramesh HariharanStrand Life Sciences, BangaloreComputational Biology,Molecular Diagnostics, Design &Analysis of Algorithms

Krishna P KaliappanIndian Institute of Technology, MumbaiOrganic Synthesis,Medicinal Chemistry,Natural Products

Amalendu KrishnaTata Institute of Fundamental Research,MumbaiAlgebraic Cycles, Algebraic K-Theory,Algebraic Geometry

Pawan MalhotraInternational Centre forGenetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiMalaria Parasite Biology,Molecular Biology, Drug & VaccineDevelopment (Medicine)

FELLOWS

G C AnupamaIndian Institute of Astrophysics, BengaluruTime Domain Astronomy, CataclysmicVariables, Supernovae, Gamma-RayBurst Sources, Active Galactic Nuclei

K N BalajiIndian Institute of Science, BengaluruImmunology, Infectious Diseases

Tirthankar BhattacharyyaIndian Institute of Science, BengaluruFunctional Analysis, Hilbert Space,Operator Theory, Several ComplexVariables

Subhra ChakrabortyNational Institute of Plant GenomeResearch, New DelhiNutritional & Stress Genomics, PlantProteomics, Molecular Biology,Biotechnology

Suman ChakrabortyIndian Institute of Technology, KharagpurThermal & Fluid Science, Micro &Nanoscale Transport, InterfacialPhenomena & Phase Change

Arun ChattopadhyayIndian Institute of Technology, GuwahatiNanoscience & Technology

Kedar S DamleTata Institute of Fundamental Research,MumbaiCondensed Matter Theory

Suman K DharJawaharlal Nehru University, New DelhiDNA Replication,Cell Cycle Control,Molecular Parasitology, Bacteriology

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Pratap RaychaudhuriTata Institute of Fundamental Research,MumbaiSuperconductivity Magnetism,Low Temperature Scanning,Tunneling Spectroscopy, High FrequencyMeasurements in Superconductors

Sanjay KumarBanaras Hindu University, VaranasiCondensed Matter Theory,Biological Physics, Statistical Physics

Sunil K SinghPhysical Research Laboratory,AhmedabadLow Temperature Elemental &Isotope Geochemistry, Biogeochemistryof Trace Elements & Isotopes,Earth Surface & Ocean Processes

P B Sunil KumarIndian Institute of Technology, ChennaiSoft Condensed Matter Physics,Biological Physics,Computational Physics

K V VenkateshIndian Institute of Technology, MumbaiBiosystems Engineering,Synthetic Biology,Metabolic Engineering

D S PandeyBanaras Hindu University, VaranasiCo-ordination Chemistry, OrganometallicChemistry, Bio-inorganic Chemistry

Amitava PatraIndian Association for theCultivation of Science, KolkataNanoscience,Spectroscopy Photophysics

V K PaulAll India Institute of Medical Sciences,New DelhiPaediatrics, Newborn Health (Medicine)

T PunniyamurthyIndian Institute of Technology,GuwahatiSynthetic Organic Chemistry

S C RaghavanIndian Institute of Science, BengaluruDNA Double-Strand Break Repair,Genomic Instability,Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Genetics

A RaghuramIndian Institute of Science Educationand Research, PuneNumber Theory, RepresentationTheory, Automorphic Forms

HONORARY FELLOW

Ramesh NarayanHarvard University, USAGravitational Lensing;Accretion Disks; Black Holes;Gamma-Ray Bursts

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SPECIAL ISSUESOF JOURNALS

Special Issue on Spectral Line Shapes inAstrophysics

Editors: Milan S Dimitrijevic and Luka C Popovic

Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, Vol. 36,No. 4, December 2015, pp. 421–703

The analysis of spectrallines from various astro-physical sources can bea powerful tool to collectdata on various propertiesof objects from the solarsystem to the most distantquasars. To understand thephysical environment inwhich spectral lines areoriginating fromcosmological sources,

papers dealing with spectral line shapes from geo-cosmical plasmas, while the papers of the third groupare devoted to laboratory astrophysics. They deal withspectral line shapes and consider theoretical aspectsand the influence of atomic and molecular collisionalprocesses on spectral line profiles.

This special issue contains valuable reviews which areof interest to specialists and PhD students. It alsoincludes scientific papers with results of new researchon the topics related to the subject matter. The resultsof investigations presented in this issue willtherefore contribute to the development of ourunderstanding of spectroscopy of active galacticnuclei, spectra connected with black holes andinterstellar hydrogen clouds. Results of modelling ofspectral lines presented in this special issue may bevery useful for future investigations of compact stars,in particular of white dwarfs. Similarly, new theoreticalStark broadening parameters of spectral lines of Ne I,O I, Lu III and Xe VI could be important not only for modelling, analysis and synthesis of stellar spectrabut also for various applications in laboratory plasmaresearch as well as for inertial fusion and plasmasin technology, such as laser welding and piercing ofmetals and light sources based on plasma.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence

Editors: Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay andRajat K De

Journal of Biosciences, Vol. 40, No. 4, October 2015,pp. 667–828

astronomers need corresponding reliable atomicand molecular data and precise laboratorymeasurements of spectral line properties. Therefore,interaction between astrophysicists and laboratoryphysicists who investigate spectral lines originatingfrom cosmological sources can increase ourunderstanding of the universe. Accordingly, the mainobjective of the X Conference on ‘Spectral LineShapes in Astrophysics’ at Srebrno Jezero, Serbia, from15 to 19 June 2015 was to bring astronomers andphysicists together.

This Special Issue of the Journal of Astrophysics andAstronomy comprises selected papers presented atthis conference. This international conference wasattended by 69 participants from Algeria, Austria,Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan,New Zealand, Poland, Republic of Srpska (Bosniaand Herzegovina), Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia,Spain, Tunisia, UK, Ukraine and USA. There were27 invited lectures, 19 progress reports and 32posters. As part of the conference, two specialsessions entitled “Line Shifts in Astrophysics” and“Spectral Lines and Compact Stars” within the frameof the COST Action MP 1304 “Exploring FundamentalPhysics with Compact Stars” were also organized.

The papers in this special issue have been arrangedsubject-wise in three groups. Papers of the firstgroup investigate shapes of spectral lines formedin galaxies. In the second group, there are two

Computational methodsare essential for analysingbiological data becausemajor developments inmolecular biology andadvances in high-through-put genomic technologieshave led to explosive growthin the amount andcomplexity of informationthat is routinely collected.Computational biology, bio-informatics and systemsbiology have evolved in response to this challenge, to caterto various tasks related to exploration, and thereby togenerate knowledge or hypotheses. Many problems inthe above areas are closely related to different tasks ofpattern recognition and machine learning. Much of the

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biological data is noisy and has missing values.Data-cleaning and missing-value estimation areessential in such situations.

Gene expression data need efficient feature selectionmethods for identifying a few genes that are ofinterest, thereby reducing the problems of dimensionality.For the purpose of decision-making, classification,clustering and prediction methodologies are necessary.Examples include gene function prediction, proteinclassification and microRNA target prediction.Clustering is used as one of the basic exploratory data-processing methods for problems such as sequencegrouping, identification of coexpressed genes, andprotein module extraction. Similarly, there areoptimisation problems galore in drug design andmany other areas.

In this special issue of the Journal of Bioscienceswe have focussed on the design and application ofnew and improved techniques of pattern recognitionand machine learning. They are important for gainingdeeper biological insights from the large amount ofdata collected. The issue provides a wealth ofinformation for academicians, practitioners andstudents working in computational biology andbioinformatics, systems biology, pattern recognition,and machine learning. Extended versions of someselected articles of PReMI-2013 (the 5th InternationalConference on Pattern Recognition and MachineIntelligence, Kolkata, December 2013) have beenconsidered for review, in addition to other invitedones. Topics considered include pattern recognitionand machine-learning approaches for sequenceanalysis, microarray data analysis, biochemical path-way analysis, NGS data analysis, microRNA dataanalysis, classification of diseases and analysis ofcomorbid diseases and of data related to evolutionarybiology. All submissions have undergone the journal’speer-review procedures.

There are 13 papers in this special issue, highlightingthe effectiveness and methodologies of patternrecognition and machine intelligence for solving awide range of problems in molecular biology. Wehope that the articles in this special issue will notonly help the readers appreciate the importance ofpattern recognition and machine intelligenceapproaches for solving biological problems, but willalso inspire them to come up with novel algorithmsand approaches.

Proceedings of the National MathematicsInitiative Workshop on Nonlinear IntegrableSystems and their Applications

Editors: M Lakshmanan and P Muruganandam

Pramana – Journal of Physics, Vol. 85, No. 5,November 2015, pp. 753– 1062

Nonlinearity is pervasivein the description of allnatural phenomena. Theunderlying dynamicaldescription leads to manynovel concepts, includingintegrable systems,solitons, bifurcations, chaos,complexity, patterns andso on. A workshop on ‘Non-linear Integrable Systemsand their Applications’ was organised duringFebruary 24 – March 1, 2014, at the Centre for Non-linear Dynamics, School of Physics, BharathidasanUniversity, Tiruchirappalli. The meeting was organisedas one of the five activities under the year-longprogramme of National Mathematics Initiative (NMI)by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru,on Integrable Systems. The main focus of thisworkshop was on the integrability aspects of bothfinite-dimensional and continuum nonlinear dynamicalsystems, modelled by difference, ordinary and partialdifferential equations and their applications in diverseareas such as hydrodynamics, nonlinear optics,magnetism, spintronics, field theory, quantum systems,and Bose–Einstein condensates. About 20 expertsfrom within the country and abroad delivered lectureson various theoretical aspects of nonlinear integrablesystems and their applications.

This issue is a collection of articles on non-linear integrable systems and their applications. Thefirst nine articles provide critical reviews on the basictheory and analytical methods of solutions applicableto nonlinear ordinary and partial difference anddifferential equations of contemporary interest. Theremaining nine articles focus on the progress madein the applications of the concepts of integrablenonlinear systems including solitons in diverse areasof physics, biology and engineering. We do hope thatthe reviews and articles explaining the state-of-the-artof the various topics will provide impetus to makefurther progress in the field.

13

announcement in March 2014 that the BICEP-2experiment at the South Pole had actually measureda large value for the ratio of power in tensor to powerin scalar perturbations (at the level of some partsper million) away from homogeneity of the cosmicmicrowave background also caused a wave ofexcitement to sweep across builders of unifiedmodels which supported inflation since the claimedvalue would put the mass scale controlling inflationat almost exactly the value of the scale of grandunification.

Panjab University – Chandigarh is one of the majorIndian centres for experimental high energy physics,with longstanding participation in major experimentsat FERMILAB, CERN, KEK, etc. UNICOS-2014 wasorganised in Panjab University, Chandigarh, during13 –15 May, 2014 on the occasion of the super-annuation of a faculty member (CSA). Researchersfrom Asia, USA and Europe in the fields of super-symmetric grand unification, at the meeting point ofthe hyperactive fields of unification, Higgs physics,cosmology and neutrino physics, participated inUNICOS-2014 and shared their expertise with manyyoung graduate students from all over the country.The contributions in this special issue have beenreviewed by a panel of referees mostly drawn fromthe speakers at the conference itself.

Proceedings of UNICOS-2014 InternationalWorkshop on Unification and Cosmologyafter Higgs Discovery and BICEP2

Editors: Charanjit Singh Aulakh, Kuldeep Kumarand Urjit Yajnik

Pramana – Journal of Physics, Vol. 86, No. 2,February 2016, pp. 193–494

The last few years haveseen a number ofexperimental results thatsubstantially confirm theinterrelated paradigmswithin which particle physicsand cosmology haveadvanced over the pasthalf a century, while at thesame time raising verychallenging questions aboutthe same paradigms. Theannouncement in March 2012 by the Daya BayCollaboration confirmed that leptonic CP violationwould be amenable to experimental investigation.Just a few months later, in July 2012, we witnessedthe epochal confirmation of a Standard Model Higgs-like particle with a relatively large mass of ~125 GeVby the ATLAS and CMS groups at CERN. The

* * * * *

PROMOTION OF ACADEMY JOURNALS

As part of promotion of the Academy’s journals, theAcademy participated in 18th CRSI National Symposiumon Chemistry held at Panjab University, Chandigarh, from5 to 7 February 2016, where the Journal of ChemicalSciences, Bulletin of Materials Science, Journal ofBiosciences, and Resonance were displayed.

On behalf of the Journal of Chemical Sciences, theAcademy awarded two prizes for the best posters.

A similar event was also organised in association withSpringer at the International Conference on Nano-science and Technology 2016 (ICONST-2016) heldat IISER, Pune, from 29 February to 2 March 2016.

* * * * *

14

DISCUSSIONMEETINGS

1. Probability and Analysis

Orange County, Coorg21 – 24 February 2016

Convener: Mrinal Ghosh(Department of Mathematics,Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru)

At this meeting, there were eleven talks of which sixwere on probability and the remaining were on analysis.The talks related to random matrices, randompolynomials, etc., described in detail the holeprobabilities in the infinite Ginibre ensemble, asymptoticequality of eigenvalues and singular values for productsof isotropic random matrices, and the distribution ofzeroes of random polynomials.

A generalisation of a classical stochastic model of alibrary on a shelf (Tsetlin library) was discussed andresults on the stationary distribution of this model wereexplained. Random geometric graphs were discussedalong with three asymptotic regimes, namely, thesparse, thermodynamic and connectivity regimes.Some applications were presented. In the studyof non-zero sum stochastic games existence ofNash equilibrium in stationary strategies wasestablished.

A fresh perspective on Hilbert module approach tomultivariable operator theory was presented. Study ofdynamics of holomorphic correspondence led to adichotomy result. In harmonic analysis, study ofnon-linear Schrodinger equations and Hardy-Sobolev inequality associated to the special Hermiteoperator along with mixed norm estimates forvarious associated eigenfunction expansions werepresented. The talk on Green's function and Robinmetric revived interest in some old classical topics infunction theory.

2. The 7th IACS-APCTP-Academy JointMeeting on Multiferroics and EmergentPhenomena in Novel Oxide Materialsand Low Dimensional Systems

Orange County, Coorg29 November – 2 December 2015

Convener: Jaejun Yu (SNU, Korea)

The meeting was organised in two parts, with the firstpart (November 29 – 30) being devoted to multiferroicsand the second (December 1 – 2) to oxides and low-dimensional materials.

The conference began with the opening remarks byProfessor D.D. Sarma. There were 6 sessions, on thetopics such as magnetoelectric coupling throughthe spin flop transition in Ni3TeO6, models forferroelectricity, stability of magnons in multiferroicRMnO3, magnetic correlations induced ferroelectricity,multiferroic order in elemental Se, multiferroicity in-Cu2V2O7, magnetoelectric coupling in Fe3O4nanoparticles and dipole into an incipient ferro-electric.

In the second part of the meeting, there were 15 invitedtalks and 8 short presentations by young PhD students.The talks covered a variety of subjects includingnew Fe-based superconductors, graphene, topologicalinsulators, iridates, and multifunctional oxides (bothbulk and interfaces). In addition to theoretical talksthere were talks on experimental methods as well.

Participants got involved with many questions anddiscussions, both during and after the talks. Therewas also presentation by PhD students. Theconference ended with a round table discussionwhich touched upon future directions and openissues.

3. Indo-US Workshop on CeramicCoatings and Multilayers

Orange County, Coorg25-28 February 2016

Conveners: Ashutosh S. Gandhi (IIT, Bombay),Vikram Jayaram (IISc, Bengaluru), Shrikant V. Joshi(University West, Sweden), Carlos G. Levi(University of California, Santa Barbara, USA) andSanjay Sampath (Stony Brook University, USA)

This bilateral workshop was convened to bring togetherscientists and practitioners in the field of thermo-structural and functional ceramic coatings and

15

* * * * *

multilayers. These advanced engineered surfaces findwidespread applications in energy and propulsionsystems, especially in gas turbine engines, andemerging areas of solid oxide fuel cells. Coatings havenow become crucial to the economic and safeoperation of advanced engine systems and this hasmotivated extensive research and development inthe field. These systems experience a multitudeof degradation mechanisms, from oxidation – induceddelamination to erosion and chemical attack. Amultidisciplinary research strategy is required notonly to elucidate the operational mechanisms butalso to develop a framework for selection of newmaterials and multilayer architectures. Of furtherimportance are the synthesis and processing ofthe layered assemblages whose parameterisation iscritical to coating design, and reliable manufacturing.Finally, advanced characterisation and performanceevaluation of these layered anisotropic materialsremains a critical challenge from both academic andindustrial perspectives. Hence, a workshop thatbrings multidisciplinary experts together to discussthese aspects is timely and useful.

Experts presented their perspective of the field throughpresentations on the topics highlighted below:

• Challenges in developing higher temperature coatingsfor gas turbines: Phase stability, fracture toughness,environmental attack, new TBC materials

• Environmental barrier coatings

• Simulations of failure modes in multilayered systems

• Miniaturized and in situ testing of thin filmsfor fracture toughness and other mechanicalproperties

• High-temperature mechanical measurementsat nanometer length scale

• Thermodynamic and first principle modelling ofsystems relevant to ceramic coatings

• Thermal spray techniques for ceramic coatingsand multilayers: Plasma spray synthesis of multilayeroxides

• Coatings technologies for structural component repair

• New plasma spray techniques including suspensionand precursor plasma spraying

• Nanocomposite hard and tough coatings bymagnetron sputtering

• Perovskite solar cells for cheap, efficient, cleanenergy

• Solid oxide fuel cell materials: Interface dynamics,microstructure, fabrication techniques andmechanistic understanding of performance

The Indo – US bilateral workshop has openedopportunities for collaboration. The workshop featuredparticipation of students from both countries, fosteringfuture collaborations. The workshop will have served itspurpose if it encourages expanded research in thisemergent field.

Financial support was also provided by the Indo–USScience and Technology Forum for travel expensesof US and Indian participants. The InternationalCenter for Materials Research at University of California,Santa Barbara, supported the participation of fiveUS students in the workshop.

16

* * * * *

Timothy John Pedley, G.I. Taylor Professor of Fluid Mechanics at the Department ofApplied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, UK, theAcademy’s 31st Raman Professor, was in India in February 2016 for three weeks totake up the chair. He visited the TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences (TCIS),Hyderabad, from 21–25 February 2016 and participated in a focussed seminar on‘Spherical squimers: Models for swimming micro-organisms’ and then in a generalone on ‘Micro-organisms swimming: Individual and collective behaviour’ at theUniversity of Hyderabad.

He had interactive session and research discussions with the students andfaculty of Engineering Mechanics Unit of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for AdvancedScientific Research, and the Chemical Engineering Department if Indian Institute

RAMAN PROFESSOR

of Science during his stay in Bengaluru. He delivered an Academy Publlic Lecture titled ‘Micro-organisms swimming: Individual and collective behaviour’ on 29 February 2016 at IISc, Bengaluru.

He has planned his next visit for November 2016 for his second phase as Raman Professor.

JUBILEE PROFESSORMadhu Sudan, Gordon Mckay Professor of Computer Science, Harvard,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, HarvardUniversity, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, was the Platinum Jubilee Professorof the Indian Academy of Sciences during December 2015 – January 2016.

He visited India from 27 December 2015 to 9 January 2016. The lectures hedelivered during his visit varied from in-depth expositions of current areas ofresearch aimed at experts in the field to public lectures exposing the role ofmathematics in applied fields such as computer science and communication.

The lectures included a series on “Property Testing and Affine Invariance” atIIT, Bombay; a lecture on ‘Communication Amid Uncertainty’ at TIFR as part of theBITS Bombay Information Theory Symposium honouring the 100th anniversary of

Claude Shannon, and Public Lectures on ‘Reliable Meaningful Communication’ hosted by IISER, Pune, and on‘Mathematics, Proofs and Computation’ at CBS in Mumbai.

His interactions with the Indian scientific community were with established researchers within his discipline aswell as with those from other fields for interdisciplinary research, and with students and junior researchers.

* * * * *

17

Gravitation and the Cosmos: 100 Yearsafter Einstein’s Discovery of GeneralRelativityAbhay AshtekarInstitute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, andDepartment of Physics, Penn State University, USA

9 October 2015, Indian Institute of Science,Bengaluru

ACADEMY PUBLIC LECTURES

Micro-organisms Swimming: Individual andCollective BehaviourT J PedleyDepartment of Applied Mathematics and TheoreticalPhysics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (UK)

29 February 2016, Indian Institute of Science,Bengaluru

This public lecture was organised as part of thecelebrations commemorating the Centenary ofEinstein’s Discovery of General Relativity. Ashtekar isan Honorary Fellow of the Academy and held theRaman Chair Professorship from December 2004 toJanuary 2005.

Ashtekar began his talk with a brief account ofthe discovery of general relativity and the birth ofmodern cosmology. He discussed the concept ofblack holes and the major role they have played inastrophysics and fundamental physics, and finallydwelt upon the notion of gravitational waves. Hepointed out that they will soon open a new windowon the universe which offers an exceptionalopportunity for India to play a major role in theinternational network of gravitational wave observatoriesthrough the LIGO-India initiative. With many historicalanecdotes, Ashtekar illustrated a centenary of successivetriumphs of general relativity and explained whyresearchers who study general relativity in a seriousmanner continue to be enchanted by its magic evena century after its discovery.

T J Pedley, FRS, is the the Raman Chair Professorshipof the Academy from February to March 2016. Pedleyis Emeritus G. I. Taylor Professor at the Universityof Cambridge.

Pedley said that swimming micro-organisms areeverywhere: inside people (sperm and gut bacteria)and outside (algae and bacteria in bioreactors, lakes,oceans). In this talk, he surveyed the fluid mechanicsof micro-organism swimming, from the low-Reynolds-number locomotion of individuals to the not-necessarily-low-Reynolds-number flows that they collectivelygenerate in suspensions. The survey for individualsstarted from the analyses of Taylor and Lighthill inthe 1950s and finished with the very recentdemonstration that fluid mechanics alone is enoughto coordinate the beating of multiple cil ia intometachronal waves, at least on Volvox. The survey forsuspensions started from studies of gyrotaxis in the 1990sand went on to the coherent structures drivenby cell swimming stresslets, discovered in the 2000s,and concluded with some simulations of relativelyconcentrated suspensions.

* * * * *

18

Women in Science: A Career in ScienceKarnataka State Women’s University, Bijapur8 March 2015

A seminar on ‘Women in Science (WiS): A Career inScience’ was organised on 8 March 2015, InternationalWomen’s Day, with the following goals: (i) to exposepostgraduate and women PhD students to new andexciting ideas and directions in different areas ofscience; (ii) to equip them with basic conceptual andtechnological tools to ask and answer relevantresearch questions; (iii) to inspire and motivate youngwomen to take up career in science and (iv) to createan awareness on various career options available toyoung women scientists.

Two-hundred and thirty-nine participants (postgraduatestudents, research scholars and young faculty) mainlyfrom different departments of the Karnataka StateWomen’s University (KSWU), Bijapur, attended theseminar. A team of six scientists and teachers gavelectures and interacted with the participants.

Meena R Chandawarkar, Vice Chancellor, KSWU,delivered the inaugural address and mentioned that thisseminar was the most effective and meaningful way ofcelebrating International Women’s Day. She said thatmany women were deterred from pursuing a career inscience at the highest levels. The reasons behind thispotential waste of human talent must be addressed. Shealso said that the presence of eminent women scientistsand their presentations would definitely inspire womenstudents and help shape their careers. She offeredunconditional assistance to promote science in theregion.

Lalitha Guruprasad, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad,in her lecture on “Making the Most from a ProteinSequence”, said that the correlation from proteinsequence to structural and functional information ismore valuable in the current genomic era. Usingcomputational methods, one can identify novel domains,repeat and predict their protein structure and function.As a complement to her computational studies, someof the hypotheses are validated experimentally.She discussed her research results during herpresentation.

‘WOMEN IN SCIENCE’ PANEL PROGRAMMES

P Ramadevi, Department of Physics, IIT, Bombay, in alecture titled “Fun with Knots”, spoke on the knot theoryand connections to topological string theories, matrixmodels, and supersymmetric gauge theories in physics.She explained the properties of knots and the computationof Jones’ polynomials with some examples. She showedan elegant method of obtaining polynomials and moregeneralised polynomials for these knots.

In a lecture titled “Chemistry, Biology and Physics ofStars and Galaxies”, Annapurni Subramanian, IndianInstitute of Astrophysics, Koramangala, Bengaluru,started by asking: Is there anyone who is not fascinatedby the beauty of a starry sky in the night? Why do westudy the stars and galaxies up there in the sky? Sheintroduced the fascinating topic of astronomy and why itwas necessary for us to understand the universe, itschemistry, biology and physics. She also talked aboutthe new challenging projects in the making and women’scontribution.

“Shape Optimization Problems via the Problem of QueenDido” was the title of the lecture by Anisa Chorwadwala,Indian Institute of Science Education and Research,Pune. She spoke on the shape optimization problems,calculus of variations and geometric analysis. She talkedabout one such shape optimization problem in theEuclidean space and its generalization to certain otherRiemannian manifolds and other configurations.

Suhita Nadkarni, Indian Institute of Science Educationand Research, Pune, in her talk titled “Eavesdroppingon Chitter Chatter at a Synapse Using ComputationalSimulations”, shed light on the biophysics of synaptictransmission in normal function and pathological states.She explained how neurons talk to each other via aspecial junction called a synapse. She talked about herin silico experiments on a small synapse in thehippocampus, a part of the brain crucial for learning andmemory and some interesting insights on synapticplasticity that was gathered from her studies.

In the panel discussion, the participants asked questionsregarding how to balance career and responsibilities athome and how to manage family while doing research inscience. The panelists (Riddhi Shah, all invited speakers,Renuka Meti and MS Jogad) shared their experiencesand views and provided guidance to the participants.

* * * * *

19

NATIONAL SCIENCE DAY 2016The Academy in association with The Academy Trustand Agastya International Foundation celebratedNational Science Day on 29 February 2016 in itspremises. The focal theme was ‘Make in India:Technology-Driven Innovations’. Many science aware-ness activities were held. A popular science talk on‘Indigenous Developments in Aeronautical Engineering’by Sudhindra Haldodderi, Retired Scientist, DRDO, andFaculty, Jain University, was followed by a hands-onsession on making paper gliders by VSS Sastry.

A demonstration on ‘Flying Drones’ was conducted bythe Aerospace Department of IISc, which was followedby a display and demonstration of various sciencemodels by Agastya International Foundation. Students’visit to the Raman Museum at Raman Research Instituteconcluded the events of the day. Over 100 studentsfrom neighbouring schools participated in theseactivities.

REPOSITORY OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONSOF ACADEMY FELLOWS

The following are some numbers from the repository of publications of Fellows.

The numbers of publication records in the repository of publications that were published in the last three years:9 in 2016, 57 in 2015, 121 in 2014, and 251 in 2013 (numbers as in March 2016). These numbers can be seenin the 'Browse by year' page on the repository website.

The numbers of publication records added to the repository: 109 in 2016, 465 in 2015, 709 in 2014, and 1270in 2013 (numbers as in March 2016). The idea of institutional and other repositories of scholarly publicationswas born in the Open Access (OA) movement, whose main arena was and remains.North America andEurope. Many institutional repositories have been set up in India, and the Academy's repository is a kind of third-party repository. Still, the primary aim of an OA repository, which is to make some version of all scholarlypublications available freely to all, was addressed by Indian research institutions and funding agenciesuntil only last year, when DST and DBT jointly announced their OA policy and mandate (http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/APPROVED-OPEN-ACCESS-POLICY-DBTDST12.12.2014.pdf).

The IASc repository can be a true OA repository only when all publication records in it include a full-text fileof the publication. Given publishers' policies and the fact that much research is and may continue to bepublished in closed-access journals, the way to OA continues largely to be via deposit of author version ofaccepted publications in OA repositories. Funding agency and institutional OA mandates only help this cause.

Do you think an Academy OA mandate is appropriate? Do you think also that Academy journals should goOA? Please send your opinion to eprints@ias.ernet.in.

And of course, please inform the Eprints team (eprints@ias.ernet.in) in the Academy office about your publicationsnot included in the repository.

* * * * *

20

SUMMER RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMMEFOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS – 2016

REFRESHER COURSES AND LECTURE WORKSHOPSJointly conducted by IASc (Bengaluru), INSA (New Delhi) and NASI (Allahabad)

Two-week Refresher Courses are aimed at helpingteachers to add value to their teaching and are designedto have direct relevance to the study materials coveredin the graduate and undergraduate syllabi followed inuniversities and institutions in the country. The followingCourses were held from October 2015 to March 2016.

A. Refresher Courses in ExperimentalPhysics

The Refresher Courses in Experimental Physics wereheld under the direction of R Srinivasan, who wasinstrumental in the conceptualization and designingof the experiments. He has so far held 74 courses indifferent parts of the country since 1999. Theseexperiments are useful for laboratory programmes at

BSc and MSc levels, and many universities in thecountry have adopted these experiments as part of theircurricula. In order to conduct the Refresher Courses,a user-friendly kit containing several components hasbeen developed and manufactured under licence byM/s Ajay Sensors and Instruments, Bengaluru. Thefollowing is the list of Experimental Physics Coursesheld from October 2015 to March 2016.

1. Experimental Physics – 74Tripura University, Tripura8–23 March 2016Co-ordinator: Anirban GuhaNo. of Participants: 25

This is the tenth year of the Summer Research Fellowship Programme jointly conducted by the three NationalScience Academies of the country.

The 2016 Programme was announced in September 2015 and the last date for receipt of applications was30 November 2015. Selection Committees in six disciplines met during the second week of December 2015to scrutinise the applications and make selections. The following table indicates the number of applicationsreceived from students and teachers and the subject-wise shortlist.

Subjects

No. of applications received Shortlisted for selection

Students Teachers Students Teachers

Life Sciences 2954 121 571 73

Engineering & Technology 8488 155 738 58

Chemistry 1735 78 311 34

Physics 1935 75 337 36

Earth & Planetary Sciences 748 07 167 04

Mathematics 810 18 145 11

TOTAL 16670 454 2269 216

GRAND TOTAL 17124 2485

The next issue of Patrika will include the number of fellowships offered, those actually availed and some analysisof the data.

21

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solu

tion

to fo

rm

27

Stud

y of

ele

ctrif

ied

surfa

ce/In

terfa

ce, t

hepr

inci

ple,

app

licat

ions

and

ope

ratio

nsof

dye

- sy

nthe

size

d so

lar c

ells

, Sca

nned

prob

e m

icro

scop

y an

indi

spen

sibl

e to

olin

nan

otec

hnol

ogy,

ele

ctro

chem

ical

lypr

epar

ed n

anos

truct

ural

thin

film

s an

dth

eir

appl

icat

ion,

ele

ctro

chem

ical

synt

hesi

s of

Ino

rgan

ic m

ater

ials

,In

form

atio

n's

on p

olym

orph

ism

and

mor

phog

enes

is o

f va

rious

typ

es o

fel

ectro

chem

ical

ly s

ynth

esiz

ed in

orga

nic

com

poun

ds

Polle

n bi

olog

y, fl

oris

tic d

iver

sity

in in

dia

-an

ove

rvie

w, t

axon

omy

in th

e ch

angi

ngw

orld

- em

ergi

ng c

halle

nges

and

task

sfo

r fu

ture

, w

hy f

requ

ent

chan

ges

inbo

tani

cal n

ames

? -

som

e as

pect

s of

bota

nica

l nom

encl

atur

e, ro

le o

f bot

anic

alga

rden

s in

con

serv

atio

n, t

axon

omic

rese

arch

and

edu

catio

n, c

onse

rvin

g th

ebi

olog

ical

div

ersi

ty i

n in

dia:

nee

d fo

rid

entif

ying

sm

alle

r hot

spo

t poc

kets

of

biod

iver

sity

in d

iffer

ent e

co-g

eogr

aphi

czo

nes,

con

serv

atio

n of

pla

nt d

iver

sity

-w

hy In

dia

does

n't h

ave

a su

cces

s st

ory?

Sl.

Ti

tle

Ven

ueD

urat

ion

Cou

rse

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ctor

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rdin

ator

No.

of

To

pics

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Part

icip

ants

C

over

ed

12R

ecen

t Adv

ance

s in

NM

KRV

Col

lege

for

28-1

0-20

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Sam

path

Y. V

enka

tara

man

appa

125

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troch

emis

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omen

, Ban

galo

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15

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ectro

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icBi

shop

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re C

olle

ge,

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hand

rabh

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aray

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erin

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rge

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niqu

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ndM

avel

ikar

a to

Appl

icat

ions

13-1

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15

14Ta

xono

my

and

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galo

re U

nive

rsity

,23

-11-

2015

R.R

. Rao

G. K

rishn

akum

ar15

0Ev

olut

ion

Man

galo

re to

24-

11-2

015

con

tinue

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-Vis

sp

ectr

osco

py,

NM

Rsp

ectr

osco

py,

high

ly

reso

lutio

nm

icro

scop

ic t

echn

ique

s: d

isco

very

to

appl

icat

ions

, R

aman

spe

ctro

scop

y,M

ossb

auer

spe

ctro

scop

y

poly

cycl

es,

hard

and

sof

t ac

ids

- th

ere

leva

nce

in in

orga

nic

chem

istry

, lo

wm

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g m

ixtu

res

as n

ovel

rea

ctio

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m,

lum

ines

cent

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ased

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aggr

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rece

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dvan

ces

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no-b

ased

tar

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d dr

ug d

eliv

ery

syst

ems

for

canc

er, d

omin

o sy

nthe

sis

of b

iolo

gica

lly a

ctiv

e m

olec

ules

28

Intr

oduc

tion

to s

tatis

tical

phy

sics

,cl

assi

cal

stat

istic

s of

Max

wel

l an

dBo

ltzm

ann,

som

e ap

plic

atio

ns o

f cla

ssic

alst

atis

tics,

int

rodu

ctio

n to

qua

ntum

stat

istic

s, F

erm

i–D

irac

stat

istic

s, s

ome

appl

icat

ions

of F

erm

i–D

irac

stat

istic

s,B

ose–

Ein

stei

n st

atis

tics,

so

me

appl

icat

ions

of B

ose–

Eins

tein

sta

tistic

s,co

olin

g of

ato

ms

usin

g la

ser

beam

s.su

per f

luid

ity in

hel

ium

Tra

ditio

nal,

mod

ern

and

futu

rist

icva

ccin

es,

regu

latio

n of

ye

ast

met

abol

ism

: stu

dies

with

Pic

hia

past

oris

,di

ssec

ting

cell b

iolo

gy u

sing

pro

teom

ics,

enga

gem

ent,

rece

ptio

n an

d br

eaku

p: th

eco

ncep

t of

cel

l m

otili

ty,

cell-

cell

com

mun

icat

ion

in b

acte

ria

Qua

ntum

Dot

s for

ele

ctro

nic a

pplic

atio

ns,

orga

nic

mat

eria

ls fo

r ele

ctro

nic

devi

ces,

quan

tum

dot

s, t

heir

com

posi

tion

and

prop

ertie

s, m

ater

ials

for e

nerg

y st

orag

e-

batt

erie

s an

d su

per-

capa

cito

rs,

nonl

inea

r opt

ical

pro

perti

es o

f org

anic

mol

ecul

es i

n co

mm

unic

atio

n, c

urre

ntde

pend

ence

of

so

ciet

y on

no

n-re

new

able

res

ourc

es,

sola

r en

ergy

harv

estin

g

Mol

ecul

ar s

pect

rosc

opy,

som

e re

cent

trend

s in

flu

ores

cenc

e sp

ectro

scop

yan

d an

alyt

ical

flu

orim

etry

of

mul

ti-flu

orop

hori

c sy

stem

, am

orph

ous

sem

icon

duct

ors

and

appl

icat

ions

, Fib

reB

ragg

gra

ting

sens

ors

and

thei

rap

plic

atio

ns, n

on-li

near

opt

ics,

ele

ctro

nic

stat

es in

mol

ecul

es a

nd s

olid

s, o

ptic

alab

sorp

tion

and

phot

olum

ines

cenc

esp

ectra

of s

emic

ondu

ctor

Sl.

Titl

e

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ueD

urat

ion

Cou

rse

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ctor

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rdin

ator

No.

of

To

pics

No.

Part

icip

ants

C

over

ed

15St

atis

tical

Mec

hani

csJS

S C

olle

ge o

f Arts

,25

-11-

2015

G. S

riniv

asan

Vija

ya12

0an

dC

omm

erce

and

Sci

ence

,to

Man

juna

thag

uru

Ther

mod

ynam

ics

Mys

ore

27-1

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15

16Fu

nctio

nal M

ater

ials

Sri S

athy

a Sa

i Ins

titut

e26

-11-

2015

S. R

amas

esha

Siva

San

kar S

ai12

0an

d th

eir

of H

ighe

r Lea

rnin

g,to

Appl

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ices

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ces

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ITAM

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vers

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khar

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deS.

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a G

opal

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ecul

arVi

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ergi

ng T

rend

sSt

. Jos

eph’

s C

olle

ge,

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. Pal

ania

ndav

arS.

Brit

to12

0in

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mis

tryTi

ruch

irapp

alli

to 2

0-12

-201

5

29

App

licat

ions

of m

athe

mat

ics

in d

efen

sere

sear

ch –

an

over

view

I,

Spe

cial

func

tions

an

d l

egac

y of

Srin

ivas

aR

aman

ujan

, sp

ecia

l fu

nctio

ns a

ndnu

mer

ical

int

egra

tion,

q a

nd (

p,q)

gene

raliz

atio

ns o

f spe

cial

func

tions

and

thei

r ap

plic

atio

ns I

, ap

plic

atio

ns o

fm

athe

mat

ics

in d

efen

se re

sear

ch –

an

over

view

II, q

and

(p,q

) gen

eral

izat

ion

ofsp

ecia

l fun

ctio

ns a

nd th

eir a

pplic

atio

ns I,

appl

icat

ions

of

spec

ial

func

tions

and

conc

ludi

ng re

mar

ks

How

to d

isco

ver t

he fu

nctio

n of

a g

ene,

mul

tidis

cipl

inar

y ap

proa

ches

to d

ecod

eP

lasm

odiu

m b

iolo

gy,

stra

tegi

es o

fin

crea

sing

food

pro

duct

ivity

for g

row

ing

popu

latio

n in

the

con

text

of

clim

ate

chan

de,

assi

sted

re

prod

uctiv

ete

chno

logy

(A

RT

) –

an o

verv

iew

,fa

scin

atin

g w

orld

of i

nsec

ts a

nd t

heir

man

agem

ent,

TIIT

S-

from

ben

ch o

fbe

side

, an

imal

mod

els

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andi

seas

es, o

bser

ving

the

plan

t sig

nalli

ngbe

havi

our

duri

ng p

lant

pat

hoge

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tera

ctio

n

Mod

ellin

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netic

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e an

dco

lloid

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arat

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per

mea

ble

gel

med

ium

, Fou

rier

and

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ier

flux

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r st

udyi

ng

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tr

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oble

ms,

on

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ility

ana

lysi

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ithap

plic

atio

ns t

o co

nvec

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edia

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igra

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iam

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enue

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uid

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licat

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olog

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MVC

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lege

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na D

utta

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K. M

edda

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ata

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con

tinue

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ence

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ogy:

a s

hort

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llina

tion

in

flow

erin

g pl

ants

,m

icro

biol

ogy

and

hum

an w

elfa

re, s

exua

lse

lect

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bio

pros

pect

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g di

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ery

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geno

me:

in h

ealth

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sick

ness

.

To w

hat e

xten

t bio

logy

as a

n au

tono

mou

ssc

ienc

e?, n

euro

scie

nce

then

and

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:a

wal

k th

roug

h th

e hi

stor

y of

neur

osci

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, why

sci

ence

edu

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hist

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ghs

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lidity

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iety

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dmar

ks in

ear

ly y

ears

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hem

istry

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dia,

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ad im

plic

atio

nsof

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hist

ory

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asan

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poun

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Fund

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mol

ecul

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bito

r fro

m s

ugar

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prod

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ells

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tem

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licat

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mes

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ndia

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logi

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rimen

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ure,

gen

e ta

rget

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rs in

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ensh

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to n

anob

iote

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alna

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ruct

ures

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iolo

gica

l app

licat

ion

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enso

rs, i

nves

tigat

ing

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scal

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otio

ns in

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y mol

ecul

ar d

ynam

ics

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atio

ns an

d inv

estig

atin

g Pse

udom

onas

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iofil

ms

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orce

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rosc

opy,

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ract

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ater

ials

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mol

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ctur

e an

d dy

nam

ics

of co

llage

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e pe

ptid

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ith m

atrix

met

allo

prot

eina

s

Env

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enta

l sus

tain

abili

ty,

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ron-

men

tal c

arci

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s, m

etag

enom

ics,

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ear w

aste

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app

licat

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logy

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imiz

atio

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iatio

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d m

onito

ring

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ronm

enta

l pol

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hine

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m

etho

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epr

oces

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lligen

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age

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e su

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R

Env

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hem

ical

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Bio

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m c

ell

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arch

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, mic

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chno

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quib

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S. R

anga

sam

y C

olle

ge25

-01-

2016

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dian

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ajen

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de 2

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-201

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31Bi

otec

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jaya

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lege

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2016

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ju B

ansa

lG

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. Pat

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ande

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ish

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lege

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llore

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ecen

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. Ram

araj

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uki

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asw

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2016

35R

ecen

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ends

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mal

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eeks

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. S. V

ijaya

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hine

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rnin

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r Wom

en,

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oim

bato

re11

-02-

2016

33

Cur

rent

pro

blem

s in

taxo

nom

y te

achi

ngan

d re

sear

ch in

Ind

ia -

a pl

ea fo

r urg

ent

resu

rrec

tion

of t

he d

win

dlin

g su

bjec

t,ro

le o

f pla

nt ta

xono

my

and

ethn

o-bo

tany

in p

rom

otin

g m

edic

inal

pla

nts

rese

arch

inIn

dia

, flo

ristic

div

ersi

ty i

n In

dia:

an

over

view

, bot

anic

al n

omen

clat

ure

and

enda

nger

ed sp

ecie

s, C

harle

s Dar

win

and

orig

in o

f spe

cies

, fun

dam

enta

ls o

f NM

Rsp

ectro

scop

y bi

olog

y of

car

nivo

rous

plan

ts, f

unda

men

tal a

nd a

pplie

d as

pect

sof

pol

linat

ion

biol

ogy,

pol

len

- pi

stil

inte

ract

ion:

a p

rere

quis

ite fo

r fer

tiliz

atio

n,ev

olut

ion

of h

uman

hea

lth, s

ynth

esis

of

twin

ZnO

nan

orod

s fo

r ele

ctro

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cito

nco

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g re

late

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plic

atio

ns,

use

offlu

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e in

und

erst

andi

ng s

truct

ure

and

prop

ertie

s of

mat

eria

ls ,o

ppor

tuni

ties

and

chal

leng

es in

the

wor

ld o

f GP

CR

Sem

bedd

ed in

soft

mat

ter l

ike e

nviro

nmen

t,co

mpa

rativ

e ac

coun

t of p

lasm

onic

pho

to-

cata

lysi

s un

der v

isib

le lig

ht ir

radi

atio

n

Dis

sect

ing

cellu

lar

and

phen

otyp

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viro

nmen

t thr

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met

agen

omic

s, th

ero

of o

f the

mat

ter h

ow ri

ce p

lant

s co

pew

ith d

roug

ht a

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alt,

dysr

egul

ated

gen

eex

pres

sion

thr

ough

pos

t-tra

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tiona

lm

odifi

catio

ns in

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rain

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t fac

tors

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gula

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l ge

ne e

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ene

expr

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enou

s ge

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pres

sion

in c

rop

plan

ts.

Bas

ics

of c

orro

sion

, m

ajor

for

ms

ofco

rros

ion,

bio

foul

ing

and

mic

robi

ally

influ

ence

d co

rros

ion:

par

t I,

envi

ron-

men

tal c

rack

ing

proc

ess,

cor

rosi

on o

fco

ncre

te s

truc

ture

s, b

iofo

ulin

g an

dm

icro

bial

ly in

fluen

ced

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sion

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t II.

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tle

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ueD

urat

ion

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rse

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ctor

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rdin

ator

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of

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pics

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icip

ants

C

over

ed

36Bi

opro

spec

ting

St. J

osep

h's

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lege

,10

-02-

2016

R. R

. Rao

Fran

cis

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er15

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d Bi

ores

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esTi

ruch

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alli

to12

-02-

2016

37Fr

ontie

rs o

nBa

nnar

i Am

man

Inst

itute

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A. N

atar

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gine

erin

g an

dSa

thya

man

gala

m13

-02-

2016

Tech

nolo

gy

38R

ecen

t tre

nds

onSt

. Jos

eph'

s C

olle

ge,

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16D

. J. B

agya

raj

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iel

150

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lula

r Mec

hani

sms

Bang

alor

eto

and

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e13

-02-

2016

Expr

essi

on

con

tinue

d

34

Glo

bal

chal

leng

es a

nd s

olut

ion

toem

ergi

ng is

sues

thro

ugh

biot

echn

olog

yto

war

ds g

reen

gro

wth

, per

spec

tives

of

biot

echn

olog

y to

ols

and

tech

niqu

es to

prev

ail

over

env

ironm

enta

l is

sues

,bi

otec

hnol

ogy

for s

usta

inab

le a

gric

ultu

rean

d em

ergi

ng t

rend

s of

bio

logi

cal

scie

nces

, po

tent

ial

of e

nviro

nmen

tal

biot

echn

olog

y fo

r cl

ean

and

gree

nen

viro

nmen

t, so

ciet

al a

nd e

cono

mic

issu

es o

f w

aste

wat

er t

reat

men

tte

chno

logi

es a

nd re

cent

adv

ance

men

ts,

curr

ent

issu

es a

nd f

utur

e tr

ends

of

envi

ronm

enta

l bi

otec

hnol

ogy

and

bior

eact

or o

ptim

izat

ion,

inte

rdis

cipl

inar

yre

sear

ch fo

r acc

eler

ated

bio

rem

edia

tion

tech

nolo

gies

and

bio

film

kin

etic

s

App

licat

ions

of

nano

tech

nolo

gy i

nbi

olog

y, o

ptic

al a

nd m

agne

tic p

rope

rties

of m

etal

lic n

anos

truc

ture

s, N

ano-

tech

nolo

gy in

hea

lthca

re, t

hera

gnos

tics

base

d on

nan

ocry

stal

s

Intro

duct

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to s

pect

rosc

opy,

adv

ance

dto

pics

and

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duct

ion

to u

ltrav

iole

t and

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red

spec

trosc

opy,

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lear

mag

netic

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nanc

e sp

ectr

osco

py,

2-D

NM

Rsp

ectr

osco

py m

ass

spec

trom

etry

prac

tical

app

licat

ions

of

stru

ctur

eel

ucid

atio

n te

chni

ques

, han

ds-o

n sk

ill on

late

st s

oftw

are,

use

d fo

r dat

a an

alys

is,

inte

rpre

tatio

n an

d an

alys

is, f

ocus

ed o

nst

ruct

ure

eluc

idat

ion

of s

mal

l an

dm

acro

mol

ecul

es, q

uant

itativ

e an

alys

is

The

role

of

coor

dina

tion

chem

istry

inst

able

ino

rgan

ic p

igm

ents

, ha

rd-s

oft

acid

s-ba

ses

(HS

AB

) in

the

synt

hesi

s of

inor

gani

c co

mpo

unds

, na

nosc

ienc

e,na

nom

ater

ials

and

the

ir ap

plic

atio

ns(m

etal

nan

opar

ticle

s),

phot

oele

ctro

-ch

emis

try a

nd s

olar

ene

rgy

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ersi

on,

fluor

esce

nce:

bas

ics,

flu

ores

cenc

e:in

tere

stin

g de

velo

pmen

ts f

rom

our

labo

rato

ry

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e

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ion

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ctor

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rdin

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of

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C

over

ed

39Bi

otec

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ogy

Tool

sK.

S. R

anga

sam

y C

olle

ge16

-02-

2016

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a Sh

anka

r Ver

ma

P. P

onm

urug

an15

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d Te

chni

ques

inof

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g T

iruch

engo

de17

-02-

2016

Envir

onm

enta

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oble

ms

40Sp

ectro

scop

icS.

V. U

nive

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,15

-02-

2016

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Um

apat

hiC

. Ven

kata

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niqu

es a

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rupa

tito

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icat

ions

in17

-02-

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eria

lC

hara

cter

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41Fr

ontie

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rs C

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ge,

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araj

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hava

n15

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mis

tryC

olle

ge, T

utic

orin

to20

-02-

2016

35

Org

anic

syn

thes

is,

cata

lysi

s, g

reen

chem

istry

, nan

omat

eria

ls, c

oord

inat

ion

chem

istry

, qua

ntum

che

mis

try, s

olid

sta

tech

emis

try,

ene

rgy

stud

ies,

pol

ymer

chem

istr

y, d

rug

and

supr

amol

ecul

arch

emis

try.

Bre

akth

roug

hs in

pla

nt e

colo

gy, R

NA

ite

chno

logy

, rhi

zosp

here

bio

logy

, pla

ntbi

oche

mis

try, p

lant

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tech

nolo

gy, p

lant

mol

ecul

ar b

iolo

gy,

plan

t br

eedi

ng,

phot

obio

logy

, gen

etic

s an

d ge

nom

ics,

syst

emat

ic, b

ioge

ogra

phy,

evo

lutio

nary

biol

ogy,

cro

p im

prov

emen

t

Com

puta

tiona

l che

mis

try, D

NA

and

itsap

plic

atio

ns in

mat

eria

ls s

cien

ce, c

atio

n-in

tera

ctio

ns, m

ultic

ompo

nent

syn

thes

is,

synt

hetic

chem

istry

, met

al-D

NA

chem

istry

–

Intro

duct

ion

to F

ourie

r se

ries,

Fou

rier

serie

s an

d co

nver

genc

e, in

trodu

ctio

n to

Four

ier

tran

sfor

ms,

app

licat

ions

to

diffe

rent

ial e

quat

ions

Dis

cuss

ion

on th

e th

eory

and

app

licat

ions

of R

aman

spe

ctro

scop

y an

d la

sers

, har

dan

d so

ft ac

id b

ase

theo

ry in

syn

thet

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orga

nic c

hem

istry,

chem

istry

of pe

rman

ent

colo

urs,

cha

ract

eriz

atio

n m

etho

ds i

nna

nosc

ienc

e, m

ater

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for

hyd

roge

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orag

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nera

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anic

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.

Rep

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d st

em c

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cells

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verg

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bial

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aba

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lege

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. Sin

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ecen

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entra

l Uni

vers

ity02

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2016

V. S

ubra

man

ian

T. M

ohan

Das

150

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elop

men

ts in

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miln

adu,

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hem

istry

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6

con

tinue

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36

Why

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ia n

eeds

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tech

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gy i

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ricu

lture

, ho

w b

acte

ria

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40

The Indian Academy of Sciences and the Raman Research Institute jointly conducted a Hindi Workshop on18th December 2015. The workshop was conducted by Mr Maltesh (OL Officer-in-Charge, Microwave TubeResearch and Development Centre, Bengaluru) on 'Practical issues of Official Language Implementation and itsSuggestions'.

The Quarterly Hindi Workshop was conducted jointly by the Indian Academy of Sciences and theRaman Research Institute on 29 March 2016. A Quiz Competition in Hindi was held, and Professor Pratibha R.Mudliar (Chairperson, Department of Studies and Research in Hindi, Mysore University) gave a talk on 'FunctionalHindi and Translation in the Perspective of Official Language' on this occasion.

HINDI WORKSHOPS

B. Krishna

B. Krishna joined the Academyon 16 July 1981 and super-annuated on 31 December 2015,after completing 34 years ofregularised service. She servedin various departments of theAcademy, before moving to theAccounts department, from whereshe retired.

SUPERANNUATED ACADEMY STAFF

Hema Wesley

Hema Wesley joined the Academyon 1 April 1990 as Copy editor. Shesuperannuated on 31 July 2014as Executive Editor after 24 yearsof regularised service. She continuedas Consultant Editor until 31December 2015.

B. Sethumani

B. Sethumani, who joined theAcademy on 17 July 1981, super-annuated on 29 February 2016,completing 34 years of regularisedservice. He served in variouscapacities in the Administrationdepartment, and retired as AssistantExecutive Secretary.

Vigilance Awareness Week (VAW) was observed from 26 to 31October 2015 at Indian Academy of Science, Bengaluru. Thepledge message was sent to all the staff members to read andthe pledge copies were displayed along with Vigilance Sloganson all the notice boards of the Academy. As part of the VigilanceAwareness Week, a special lecture was arranged jointly byIndian Academy of Sciences and Raman Research Institute on30 October 2015 at the RRI Auditorium. Justice Dr M RamaJois (former Chief Justice of Punjab and Haryana High Court,former Governor of Jharkhand and Bihar, and former Rajya SabhaMember) spoke on 'Trivarga Ensures Good Governance'.

OBSERVANCE OF VIGILANCE AWARENESS WEEK

41

OBITUARIES

Chirayathumadom Venkatachalier Subramanian(elected 1955)

CV Subramanian, the celebrated mycologist andplant pathologist, who had served as Head of theCentre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany at theUniversity of Madras (1973–1985), passed away inBangkok, Thailand, on 5 February 2016. A full articleprepared by his former students – DJ Bhat,J Muthumary, C Rajendran, S Raghu Kumar and BPRVittal – has appeared in Current Science (2014, 106(10),1438–1444) under the series ‘Living Legends in IndianScience’. CVS, as he was known to the biologists ofhis generation, was a broad-based scientist and ascholar with deep roots in philosophy and music. Hisfirst appointment as Senior Lecturer in the Universityof Madras in 1951 was followed by a Readership. Hewas then appointed to the newly created Chair in PlantPathology at the Indian Agricultural ResearchInstitute, New Delhi (1958). On invitation, he organisedthe new Department of Botany in the University ofRajasthan at Jodhpur and then at Jaipur, where hebecame Professor and Head of the Department. Hethen returned to the University of Madras in the newlyupgraded CAS in Botany.

His specialization was in the Hyphomycetes, theirdiversity and taxonomy, which required extensivesurveys in various parts of India and in SoutheastAsia. He discovered a large number of new taxa,especially genera. The fungal specimens wereexamined under the microscope and illustratedsystematically. He had a unique principle ofnomenclature, which was the use of Sanskrit rootwords rather than Latin or Greek, an approachappreciated by scientists both in India and abroad.A few genera are Angulimaya, Dwayabeeja, Kutilakesa,

Nalalanthamala, and Tharoopama. An example of thebinomial would be Angulimaya sundaram Subram.He made substantial addition to our knowledge ofthese fungi, culminating in the publication of amonumental Monograph on Hyphomycetes in 1971.A comprehensive book authored by him Hypho-mycetes: Taxonomy and Biology was published byAcademic Press, London, in 1983. This book wasreleased by the then Prime Minister of India, IndiraGandhi.

In recognition of his contributions to mycology,Subramanian was elected President of the InternationalMycological Association in 1977 at Tampa, Florida, USA.He was President of the International MycologicalCongress, Tokyo, Japan (1983). He founded theMycological Society of India in 1973 and launched thejournal KAVAKA (the Sanskrit word for fungi), of whichhe was the Chief Editor from its inception until 1998.CVS was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prizein 1965 and the Rafi Ahmad Kidwai Award of the ICAR(1972–1973). The Indian Botanical Society honouredhim with the Birbal Sahni Medal (1972) and LifetimeAchievement Award (2009). His lasting contributions toplant taxonomy were recognised by the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests, Government of India, by theaward of the prestigious Dr EK Janaki Ammal Award(2000). Subramanian was elected to the Fellowship ofthe Indian Academy of Sciences (1955), Indian NationalScience Academy (1960), Corresponding Member,Belgian Royal Academy of Foreign Sciences (1978)and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1978).He was elected President, Botany Section, IndianScience Congress (1975), Jawaharlal Nehru Fellow(1976–1978) and Member, University Grants Commission(1979–1982). The other prestigious positions CVSoccupied have been listed by Bhat et al. in their CurrentScience article.

CVS had deep interest in both Carnatic and Hindustanistyles of music. He played the mridangam and wasa good singer. Few could match him in the intricaciesof Hindustani classical music, the various gharanasand their exponents. He was a great believer andfollower of Swami Vivekananda and RamakrishnaParamahamsa.

CVS is survived by his wife and two sons.

* * * * *

42

Subramania Ranganathan(elected 1975)

With the passing away of Subramania Ranganathan(Ranga to most) on 8 January 2016 in New Delhi, wehave lost a truly great enquiring mind, one whorepresented an era of organic chemistry itself. Sadly,it is hardly 13 months since Sathyamurthy wrote aneminently informative account of Ranga in the series‘Living Legends in Indian Science’ in the 10 December2014 issue of Current Science that this epilogue hasto follow. Until the 1950s, organic chemistry was inthe ‘classical’ phase, where practitioners isolated andidentified molecules from natural sources and attemptedto synthesise them in the laboratory using conventionalmethods. Synthesis of complex molecules was achallenge. It was in the 1950s that understanding themechanisms behind molecular structures and reactionsbegan getting clearer (using physical chemistry), andanalysis of the details of the structures and shapes ofmolecules became easier thanks to advances inspectroscopy. And Ranga took to them eagerly andwith success. Sathyamurthy describes Ranga’sinfluence in some detail including his work on vitaminB12 synthesis and on a reaction mechanism thatactually and crucially led to the establishment of theeponymous Woodward – Hoffmann Rules (for whichHoffman received the 1981 Nobel Prize). Such a feelfor Ranga’s teaching and practicing science is bestillustrated in his monograph Metamorphosis of Camphorto Vitamin B12.

Ranga himself created complex molecules – somespherical, some knotted and some twisted into doublehelices – for the fun of it. He used pre-sculpted (claykind) molecules as building blocks (called ‘synthons’)to make such complex ones. While his mentorWoodward used camphor as the synthon for vitaminB12, Ranga used the components of castor oil and

sculpted them into prostaglandins, and found ways tounderstand how plants solubilize and use the siliconthere for growth, and was able to reproduce this in thelab and propagate it in field trials. No wonder he wasan enthusiast and practitioner of the Japanese art ofpaper folding called Origami. Many of his origami-basedarticles appeared in Resonance in 2000, 2002 and 2003.No account of Ranga can be complete withoutmentioning his wife, the late Darshan Ranganathan,whom he married in 1970. Together they made aninseparable couple, each inspiring the other, andadmired by all. She became an equally outstandingmolecular architect after 1994, when she moved as ascientist at the Regional Research Laboratory (nowrenamed as the National Institute of InterdisciplinaryScience and Technology or NIIST) in Thiruvanathapuram(thanks to MV George), while Ranga took on a seniorscientist position there. The couple later moved to theIndian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) atHyderabad during 1998–99, continuing their outstandingresearches.

The loss of Darshan to cancer in 2001 broke Rangaboth in body and spirit. He became a saintly recluse,taking some comfort only in the research that hecontinued to carry out. It was at this time that the thenDirector of IICT, KV Raghavan made the remarkablemove of offering Ranga an apartment in the campus, alaboratory and facilities to carry on his research for aslong as he wanted.

Ranga and Darshan’s son, Anand Ranganathan, hasfollowed their footsteps and after obtaining his doctoraldegree in bioorganic chemistry from Cambridge, UK,has moved on into the area of molecular biology anddrug design (at the International Centre for GeneticEngineering and Biotechnology and now at theJawaharlal Nehru University, both in New Delhi). And inthe tradition of the family, he too sculpts molecules,but this time shuffling triplet codon pairs of the DNAmolecule in order to generate protein and polypeptidechains that are drug candidates against malaria andtuberculosis. Anand and his wife Sheetal rushed toHyderabad on 28 December 2015 when Ranga fell inhis apartment and broke a bone. They took him to thehospital to fix this and later flew him to Delhi to staywith them but, alas, right in the recovery room at thehospital in Delhi, Ranga breathed his last in the afternoonof 8 January 2016.

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Venkataraman Jagannathan(elected 1974)

In science, it is not always necessary to achieve greatsuccess, but also important to conceptualize new ideaswhich can be taken forward by others to achieve thedistinction. This philosophy was practised byVenkataraman Jagannathan, who passed away on2 December 2015 at the age of 94. In 2001,Jagannathan was one of the pioneers to start bio-technology in India. Jagannathan and GN Ramachandranused to work on the utilization of cellulosic biomassfor the production of single-cell protein and alcohol.

Jagannathan graduated in chemistry from MadrasUniversity, and did his postgraduation from the IndianInstitute of Science, Bengaluru (1944). He was awardedGovernment of Madras scholarship to work for a PhDin Stanford University under the guidance of J MurrayLuck. For his doctoral research, Jagannathan workedon purification and characterization of an enzyme,phosphoglucomutase, which converts glucose1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate, a knownconstituent of various animal tissues, in this case rabbitmuscle. After his PhD, Jagannathan received the HeartFoundation Fellowship from NIH, Washington, andworked on pyruvate oxidase of pigeon breast musclein Dr David Green’s Enzyme Institute, Madison, for ayear. He then joined NCL in 1951. His group in NCLdiscovered several new enzymes. For the first time,enzymes such as brain hexokinase, acetylcolineesterase and hydrogenase were extensively studied.He was Head of the Biochemistry Division from 1956to 1981, until his superannuation. Another researcharea he started in NCL is plant tissue culture and thecontributions of his group included the first successfulmicropropagation of mature teak and eucalyptus, viruselimination from sugarcane, propagation of elitecardamom, turmeric and others. In 1978, he was aptly

honoured with the Vasvik Award for Biological Sciencesand Technology by Vividhlakshi Audyogik SamshodhanVikas Kendra (VASVIK), a non-profit NGO for thedevelopment of high-yielding virus-free sugarcanethrough tissue culture. During 1960–1985 Jagannathanalong with late JC Sadana and C Siva Raman tookenzymology research to its pinnacle at NCL.

He was also invited to set up a laboratory for plantgenetic engineering at the Tata Energy ResearchInstitute, New Delhi, where he worked as Head ofBiotechnology from 1985 to 1992. He has publishedover a 100 research papers, and more than 30 studentsobtained MSc by research and PhD degrees under hisguidance. He was on the editorial board of the IndianJournal of Biochemistry and Biophysics and BiochimicaBiophysica Acta. In 1988, Jagannathan received theShri Om Prakash Bhasin Award. He was a Fellow ofthe Maharashtra Academy of Sciences, Pune; IndianAcademy of Sciences, Bengaluru, and Indian NationalScience Academy, New Delhi. With the demise ofJagannathan, we have lost a pioneering enzymologist.

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Vinod Prakash Sharma(elected 1998)

Born on 6 April 1938 in the village Kailwal inBulandshehar district of Uttar Pradesh, Sharma did hisschooling in Dehradun. He went to Agra University forhis Bachelor’s degree in science and to AllahabadUniversity for his Master’s as well as Doctoral degree(D Phil), which he completed in 1964. A year later, in1965, he went as a postdoctoral fellow to the Universityof Notre Dame in USA. This was followed by a seniorpostdoctoral fellowship at Purdue University, where hewas joined by his scientist wife, Manju Sharma, wholater went on to become Secretary, Department of

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Sharma underscored the vital connect between malaria,other vector-borne diseases and agriculture. He stronglyadvocated that malaria vector control and Krishi VigyanKendra of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR) come together to transport new technicaladvances to rural India. He was a highly respectedmalariologist and was invited to serve on manyinternational committees on malaria control effortsincluding ‘Roll Back Malaria’ in India, and more recently,in the eradication of malaria. His internationalcommitments, among many, included chairmanship ofWHO/FAO/ UNCHS/UNEP panel of experts onenvironmental management of vector control, andmembership of the world expert committee on malariain India. Sharma was internationally recognised as oneof the leaders in malaria control research. His ownresearch interests in malaria included epidemiology,urban malaria, insecticide resistance in malaria vectors,sterilisation of male mosquitoes by various methods,development of new techniques for sex separation ofmosquitoes, bio-environmental control of malaria andvector biology.

His hard work, research output and leadership hasbeen recognised through prestigious awards, andmemberships of science academies including theNational Academy of Sciences, Allahabad, where heserved as its President during 1999–2000; the IndianAcademy of Sciences, Bengaluru, and the IndianNational Science Academy, New Delhi. He was recipientof high civil honours – the Padmashree (1992) andPadmabhushan in (2014). After his retirement in 1998,he was nominated as the Meghnad Saha DistinguishedFellow of NASI at the Centre for Rural Developmentand Technology at IIT, Delhi. During his time at theCentre, VP continued to be seriously involved ininternational programmes such as Roll Back Malariaand malaria eradication along with conservation,availability and access to water, as well as environmentprotection. He led the Safe Water Campaign started byNASI and wrote extensively on this important subject.Sharma was seriously concerned about issues regardingwater resource management in India. He was the keyfigure in organising several brainstorming workshopson safe water and sanitation, which led to severalpublications like Safe Water and Community Health.His interest in environmental issues becomes evidentfrom the fact that he delivered the lecture on ‘Sunlightand human health’ four days before he went to thehospital for the last time. Essentially a field person, he

Biotechnology, Government of India. At both Notre Dameand Purdue, Sharma’s postdoctoral research andtraining focused largely on entomology. Back in Indiain 1968, Sharma also obtained the degree of Doctor ofScience (D Sc) from Allahabad University in 1974.

He started his scientific research career as a poolofficer at the Forest Research Institute in Dehradun,where he worked for a year before joining the IndianCouncil of Medical Research (ICMR) as senior scientistin a WHO-sponsored project involving the study ofgenetic control of culicine mosquitoes, where he workedfrom 1970 to 1975. These were times when malariahad re-emerged in the Indian subcontinent with avengeance. Confronted with the challenge, Sharmamoved to the Vector Control Research and MalariaResearch Unit of the ICMR as its Deputy Director andworked there for two years.

After this, in 1978, having gained considerableexperience in different aspects of research in vector-borne diseases in general, and in malaria in particular,he upgraded the Malaria Research Centre which, tobegin with, was an upshot of the ‘Genetic Control ofMosquitoes Project’ at ICMR. It was a small and humblebeginning, with only a few scientists available for themammoth task, but Sharma not only managed toconsolidate the ongoing activities at the centre, healso got relentlessly engaged in modernizing it. Neverhesitant to use new technologies, though never at theexpense of time-tested methods of vector and diseasecontrol, he developed the centre along with a numberof field stations at different key locations in the countryfor trying out newer methods of vector control andreducing malaria infections. It was mostly through hisvision and leadership that malaria research was togain impetus and soon brought into focus. Today Indiais one of the largest contributors to malaria researchin the world and Sharma can be accredited as beingone of the key leaders to have had the vision to reignitethe concern in difficult times. Malaria Research Centrewas renamed National Institute of Malaria Research(NIMR) and is now one of the leading institutions thatcarries out research in all aspects of malaria, besidesbeing a leading contributor to policy decisions regardingthe issue of combating malaria in India. Theseoutstanding efforts and relentless focus on variousaspects of malaria control quite naturally led to hisappointment as its first Director, a post he held till heretired from service in 1998, and then he took up theposition of Additional Director General, ICMR.

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During the next couple of years he was a lecturer inthe Department of Zoology at Aligarh. He proceeded toUnited Kingdom for higher studies in 1953. In 1956he completed his DSc and PhD degrees from theUniversity College of North Wales, UK. After returningto India he served as Lecturer (1956) and Reader (1957)in the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University.He then occupied a number of increasingly importantpositions in education and research institutions of thecountry: Professor, Central Institute of FisheryEducation, Mumbai (1962); Assistant Director,International Indian Ocean Expedition, Kochi (1964);Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Kochi (1970); additional charge of Director, CentralInstitute of Fisheries Technology (1973); Director,National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa (1974).

At these institutions he made pioneering contributionsin a number of areas including marine biology, fisheryand oceanography of the waters around India. He wasalso associated with demonstration of potential foraquaculture in the country, and promotion of technologyfor cultured pearls. Qasim’s own work and his supportto others at these institutions earned him the reputationas a progressive leader of science, ever willing to helpproductive researchers, particularly the young ones. Theinstitutions he led saw significant development ofinfrastructure to conduct research. NIO acquired itsfirst research vessel, a basic requirement of anyoceanographic institution, during Qasim’s tenure (1974–81) as Director – RV Gaveshani was acquired by theinstitute in 1977. NIO also saw launching of long-termprogrammes of research. The most important ofthese, initiated by Qasim with his close associateH. N. Siddiquie, aimed at exploration of deep seapolymetallic nodules in the Indian Ocean. Qasim ledthe first expedition under the programme on boardRV Gaveshani. The programme was completedsuccessfully for India to claim rights of a pioneer countryfor mining of nodules (rich in iron, manganese, copper,nickel and cobalt) in the Central Indian Ocean. Theprogramme had another beneficial impact. Well funded,the programme sustained multidisciplinary research –biology, chemistry, geology and physics – of theNorth Indian Ocean for almost three decades. It helpedNIO get an identity as an oceanographic institutiondedicated to the study of oceanography of the NorthIndian Ocean. This basin experiences the winds andprecipitation associated with the annual cycle of themonsoon and exhibits features that are strikinglydifferent from those in the North Atlantic and the North

was deeply interested in seeing and making thingsmaterialise in field situations. Some of his endeavoursinclude rejuvenation of baolies (water bodies) in ruralareas and development of a mosquito-proof byepassdesert cooler. Sharma loved writing and editing andencouraged others to do so as well. It was primarilythrough his efforts and drive that the Indian Journal ofMalariology, later rechristened as the Journal of VectorBorne Diseases, was restarted. He published morethan three hundred research papers and authoredseveral books. His writing output showed no declineeven when his health did. He has left behind severalbooks in their final stages of publication. Sharma wasa cheerful communicator and was prepared to talk aboutsubjects of interest at any level; he gave talks atschools, at colleges and universities and continuedthis even when his health was compromised during thelast few months of his life.

Sharma breathed his last on 9 October 2015 after hishealth deteriorated suddenly and rapidly. He leavesbehind his wife Manju Sharma, his son Amit Sharma,himself a noted malaria structural biologist, his daughter-in-law Divyani and two grandchildren.

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Syed Zahoor Qasim(elected 1976)

Syed Zahoor Qasim, 88, passed away on 20 October2015 at his residence in New Delhi. He leaves behindhis wife Nawabzadi Begum Sahiba Rampur and threedaughters. Qasim was born on 31 December 1926 inAllahabad. He studied at Majidia Islamia IntermediateCollege, Allahabad, and then at Aligarh MuslimUniversity, where he obtained a BSc degree in 1949.In 1951 he stood first in MSc (Zoology) from the sameuniversity and was awarded the University Gold Medal.

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Pacific that experience the steady trades. There wasnow, for the first time, a capable institution locatedclose to the basin to study it.

In 1981 Qasim moved from Goa to New Delhi to serveas Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest andWildlife (1981–82), where he led India’s first expeditionto the Antarctica. The expedition initiated research ofan entirely new genre, study of the icy polar continentof Antarctica, by researchers from India, a tropicalcountry. The media in India covered the expeditionwidely to a favourable response from the country –Antarctica had caught the imagination of the country.

An important instrument in Qasim’s hands to supportsuch growth, both of Antarctic research and ofoceanography of the North Indian Ocean, was theDepartment of Ocean Development (DOD) (whichsubsequently became a part of Ministry of EarthSciences), Government of India, Qasim became DOD’sfounding Secretary in 1982 and served there till1988. Five decades ago the global oceanographiccommunity launched the International Indian OceanExpedition (IIOE) whose most intense phase was during1962–1965. The expedition was one of the largestinternational, interdisciplinary oceanographic researchefforts ever conducted in which 40 oceanographicresearch vessels belonging to 13 countries surveyedthe Indian Ocean and collected data that provided thefirst comprehensive look at oceanography of the ocean.

Following his tenure at DoD, Qasim served as Vice-Chancellor of Jamia Milia Islamia Central Universityduring 1989–1991 and as Member of the PlanningCommission during 1991–1996. After leaving thePlanning Commission he continued his association withscience institutions in the country and abroad. He kepthimself occupied with writing, lecturing and interactingwith institutions dedicated to the fields of his interest.Qasim’s work brought him many laurels. He wasawarded Padma Shri (1974), Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award(1978), Lal Bahadur Shastri Award (1988), PadmaBhushan (1982), Oceanology International LifetimeAchievement Award, UK (1999), First National OceanScience and Technology Award by Government of India(2003–04), Asian Society Gold Medal (2005), SOFTIBiennial Award (2007) and Lifetime Achievement Award,Indian Science Congress (2008). He was elected to allthe three national science academies of the countryand to The World Academy of Sciences. He wasPresident, National Academy of Sciences, India (1983–84) and General President, Indian Science Congress(1992–93).

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Parameswaran Hariharan(elected 1972)

Parameswaran Hariharan, known to many of hiscolleagues and friends as Hari, passed away inBerkeley, California, on 26 July 2015. Hariharanwas born on 26 December 1926 in Madras (nowChennai). He went to school in Madras and thenThiruvananthapuram. He obtained his MSc degree inphysics in 1948 from the University of Travancore.Hariharan joined the National Physical Laboratory (NPL),New Delhi, in 1949. Sponsored by the Colombo Plan,he spent three years at the National Research Council(NRC), Ottawa, Canada. There he published some ofhis earliest papers in the Journal of the Optical Societyof America, including one in which he studied thediffracted light emanating from an annulus. Another paperfrom this time was on the resolving power ofphotographic emulsions.

Upon his return to NPL in 1955, Hariharan was awardeda PhD by the University of Kerala in 1958. At NPL, hepublished a series of papers on interferometry, manyof them in collaboration with D. Sen. From 1962 to1971, Hariharan was Director of the laboratories atHindustan Photo Films (HPF), Ootacamund. Withsupport from the Managing Director of HPF, M. A. S.Rajan, he carried out research on photographicmaterials. It was here that he started working onholography. Dhawan recruited him as a Senior Professorat IISc, to be based in the Central Instruments andServices Laboratory (CISL). At IISc, his work focusedon holography and speckle patterns. Hariharan waselected Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences in1972 and the Indian National Science Academy in 1973.In the summer of 1972, Hariharan spent three monthsat the Commonwealth Scientific and IndustrialResearch Organization (CSIRO) in Sydney, Australia,at the invitation of W. H. (‘Beattie’) Steel, an expert ininterferometry. During that stay, Hariharan was offered

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a permanent position, which he accepted, and spentthe remainder of his career in Australia, where he madeimportant contributions to the fields of holography andinterferometry. Hariharan continued to visit scientificinstitutions in India and to collaborate with Indianscientists, especially after his retirement from CSIROin 1991. He visited a number of laboratories in India aspart of the UNESCO-sponsored TOKTEN (Transfer ofKnowledge Through Expatriate Nationals) programme.He was a Jawaharlal Nehru Professor at the Universityof Hyderabad (1993), and a Visiting Scholar sponsoredby the International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP), Trieste, and at the Raman Research Institute(RRI), Bengaluru (1996–98) where he collaborated withseveral scientists.

As Director of the laboratories at HPF, he became anexpert in photographic emulsions, which, combined withhis optical expertise, gave him a background perfectlysuited to the technically and artistically demandingfield of holography. Hari’s early contributions includedthe design of a new three-beam interferometer, thedouble-passed Fabry–Perot interferometer, and the firstpractical radial shear interferometer. This backgroundin interferometry led naturally to his interest inholography. His expertise in processing photographicemulsions (the principal recording medium for thehighest quality holograms) led to innovations thatdramatically improved the diffraction efficiency andbrightness of holograms as well as their stability. Theartistic community was quick to recognise the value ofhis work; he collaborated with artists, including PaulaDawson (http://www.pauladawson.com/), Alexander(http://www.art-alexander.com/), and Margaret Benyon(http://holowiki. nss.rpi.edu/wiki/Margaret_Benyon).Along with his deep knowledge of classical optics,Hari was an innovative cross-disciplinary thinker. Herecognised very early the power of modern electronicsand microprocessors in optics, and in 1981, withcolleagues at CSIRO, developed a novel holographicexposure control system which combined the power ofmodern electronics and clever opto-mechanical devicesto enable efficient and accurate holograms to berecorded each time. It was in interferometry, however,where this cross-linking bore the best fruit. The principlesof phase-shifting interferometry were in their earlystages of development, and Hari worked with hiscolleagues at CSIRO to develop the hardware neededto shift the phase of the interferometer and the CCD-based detection to record the intensity patterns usedby the phase-recovery algorithms. Concurrently with

this experimental work, Hari developed moresophisticated algorithms that were less susceptible tophase-shift errors and capable of greater accuracy inphase measurement. The optical workshop at CSIROwas at that time manufacturing optical surfaces whosedeviation from form (flat or spherical) was so small thatquantitative measurement was increasingly difficult.Hari’s innovations in digital interferometry were perfectlytimed; with the principle of ‘if you can measure it, youcan make it’, the interferometers designed and built byHari and his CSIRO colleagues allowed his co-workersto produce optical components and assemblies that insubsequent years found their way into the LIGOinterferometer, NASA instruments, optical solarobservatories and into industry as reference optics forcommercial interferometers. Hari retired from CSIRO in1991 as Chief Research Scientist, the Organisation’shighest scientific rank. He continued his work as anHonorary Research Fellow at CSIRO and an HonoraryVisiting Professor at Sydney University. Hari alsoexpanded his circle of research associates andinstitutions to a number of countries including USA,UK, Japan, India, Mexico and Australia.

During the following 20 or so years, Hari continued hisprolific innovation and publication programme with thesupport of his old and new-found associates. Hisinterests broadened as well; for example, he was thefirst to demonstrate achromatic phase shifting usingthe geometric phase, and made significant contributionsto the study of quantum effects in optical interference.

Hari’s lifetime contributions and achievements havespanned an amazing period of more than 60 productiveyears, during which he published more than 200journal articles, wrote four highly regarded booksand five major reviews, as well as book chapters andarticles for non-peer-reviewed publications. Hariachieved notable international recognition for hisoriginal scientific contributions in interferometry,holography and other areas.

Hari’s awards are too numerous to mention, but possiblythose that meant much to him personally were theGold Medal of SPIE in 2001, SPIE Dennis Gabor Awardin 1992, and the Joseph Fraunhofer Award from theOptical Society of America in 1989.

In the latter years of his life Hari moved to the US tobe closer to his children and grandchildren.

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Charusita Chakravarty(elected 2006)

Charusita Chakravarty, born on 5 May 1964, passedaway on 29 March 2016. A detailed obituary note willappear in a future issue of Patrika.

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Suhas Chandra Sanyal(elected 1992)

Born on 1 January 1942, Suhas Chandra Sanyal passedaway on 5 August 2015. A detailed obituary note willappear in a future issue of Patrika.

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Deepak Kumar(elected 1987)

Deepak Kumar, born on 3 April 1946, passed away on25 January 2016. A detailed obituary note will appearin a future issue of Patrika.

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Paramasivam Natarajan(elected 1987)

Born on 17 September 1940, Paramasivam Natarajanpassed away on 18 March 2016. A detailed obituarynote will appear in a future issue of Patrika.

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