Insects

Diapositiva 1

The Insects

Insects are aclassof living creatures within thearthropods that have achitinousexoskeleton, a three-part body (head,thorax, andabdomen), three pairs of jointedlegs,compound eyes, and two antennae. They are among the most diverse groups ofanimalson the planet, including more than a million describedspeciesand representing more than half of all known living organisms. The number ofextantspecies is estimated at between six and ten million.

- Insects typically move about by walking, flying or occasionally swimming.

- Insects are the only invertebrates to have evolved flight.

- Many insects spend at least part of their life underwater, with larval adaptations and some adult insects are aquatic and have adaptations for swimming.

- Some species are capable of walking on the surface of water.

- Insects are mostly solitary, but some insects are social and live in large, well-organized colonies.

- Some insects, like earwigs, show maternal care, guarding their eggs and young.

- Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways.

The head contains most of the sensing organs, including the antennae, ocellus and the mouthparts.

The torax is a segment that contains the wings and is composed of three sections. Each segment have one pair of legs.

The abdomenis a the last segment of the insect which typically consists of 1112 segments.

The Exoskeleton

The exoskeleton is a external rigid coating composed by chitin used as attachment for muscles and also its a protection from the predators. It covers completely the animal and it doesnt grown. Infact In the arthropods happens the molt: the elimination of the older coating and the making of a new, large one.

Metamorphosis

Metamorphosisin insects is the biological process of development all insects must undergo. There are two forms of metamorphosis: incomplete metamorphosis and complete metamorphosis.

Complete metamorphosis: is where the insect changes in four stages, anegg, alarva, apupa, and theadult. In these species, egg hatches to produce alarva, which is generally worm-like in form. The larva grows and eventually becomes apupa, a stage marked by reduced movement and often sealed within acocoon. Insects undergo considerable change in form during the pupal stage, and emerge as adults.

Incomplete metamorphosis: Insects change gradually by undergoing a series ofmolts. The molting process begins as the insect'sepidermissecretes a newepicuticle. After this new epicuticle is secreted, the epidermis releases a mixture of enzymes that digests the endocuticle and thus detaches the old cuticle. When this stage is complete, the insect makes its body swell by taking in a large quantity of water or air, which makes the old cuticle split along predefined weaknesses where the old exocuticle was thinnest.

Arthropods: Any of numerous invertebrate animals of the phylum Arthropoda, including the insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and myriapods, that are characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and a segmented body to which jointed appendages are articulated in pairs.

Ocellus: A small simple eye, found in many invertebrates, usually consisting of a few sensory cells and a single lens.

Chitin: A tough, protective, semitransparent substance, primarily a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide, forming the principal component of arthropod exoskeletons and the cell walls of certain fungi.

Cocoon: A protective case of silk or similar fibrous material spun by the larvae of moths and other insects that serves as a covering for their pupal stage.

Cuticle: The outermost layer of the skin of vertebrates; epidermis.

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Insects

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