Innovativo sistema di ricerca perdite delle reti idriche
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Transcript of Innovativo sistema di ricerca perdite delle reti idriche
Time Domain Reflectometry:Time Domain Reflectometry:Co-operation between a University and a Water Co-operation between a University and a Water Operator in developing an innovative system for Operator in developing an innovative system for
identifying and monitoring pipe leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)identifying and monitoring pipe leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Bari, 29/01/2013
A. Cataldo (speaker), E. De Benedetto, G. CannazzaDepartment of Engineering for Innovation
Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
M. Miraglia, D. AncoraAcquedotto Pugliese S.p.A
Bari, Italy
March 13, 2013 Thistle Marble Arch, London
N. GiaquintoDepartment of Electrics and Electronics
Politecnico di BariBari, Italy
Goals of the collaborative project
Develop, test and realize an innovative system, based on time domain reflectometry (TDR), for the localization of leaks in underground water and sewer pipes
Carrying out of the project:Nov. 2011 – Nov. 2012
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
S.I.M.P.Le.S.I.M.P.Le.System for Identyfing and Monitoring System for Identyfing and Monitoring
of Pipe LEaksof Pipe LEaks
Outline
28,000 students
750 academic staff
635 technical and administrative staff
3 Campuses
10 Faculties
17 Departments
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Partners involved (1/2)
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
OutlinePartners involved (2/2)
the largest European Water operator, as per extension of its networks
water distribution networks extends for over 22,000 km
> 4 million people served
approximately 18,000 liters/second of water delivered
The physical principles behind the system
(time domain reflectometry -TDR)
Conclusions and further developments
Use and advantages of SIMPLe in two application scenarios, i.e. leak detection in
- already-installed metal pipes
- newly-installed pipes, made of any material
Results of the on-the-field experimental validation
Outline
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
S.I.M.P.Le.S.I.M.P.Le.
State-of-the-art of leak-detection methods
,
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Traditional methods Acoustic logging, Listening rods, Noise correlator, geophone
Propagation of mechanical waves
Other methods GPR, tracer gas technique, thermography, etc.
various
drawbacks
• Time-consuming• Leak-localization accuracy affected by
operative conditions (i.e.: water water pressure, pipe material, environmental pressure, pipe material, environmental noisenoise, etc.)
• High costs• Experienced personnel
Outline
Propagation of electromagnetic waves through the system under test
Physical principle of SIMPLe (1/5)
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
SIMPLe is not affected by • Low hydraulic pressure
• Change of diameter of the pipe
• Change of material of the pipe
• Environmental noise
An electromagnetic (EM) signal propagates through the system An electromagnetic (EM) signal propagates through the system under test (SUT)under test (SUT)
The reflected signal is analyzed and processed to extract the The reflected signal is analyzed and processed to extract the desired information on the SUTdesired information on the SUT
SIMPLeSystem under test
Incident
EM signal
Reflected signal
Time domain reflectometry:
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Physical principle of SIMPLe (2/5)
Sensing element
Physical principle of SIMPLe (3/5)
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
The response of the SUT is influenced by the relative dielectric permittivity, εr, of the material (i.e. the impedance of the
transmission line) into which the EM signal propagates Reflectogram: output of a TDR measurement
The presence of the water leak causes a local variation of the dielectric characteristics which affects the reflected signal
εr, dry soil ~ 3-4 εr, water ~ 78
SIMPLe applied for leak detection of underground pipes:
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Physical principle of SIMPLe (4/4)Physical principle of SIMPLe (4/5)Bifilar line inserted in a dielectrically-homogeneous material
+
-
d
ρ
Reflectogram
ε1
endinitial point/
connection to instrument
d
ρ
0
local minimumReflectogram
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Physical principle of SIMPLe (4/4)Physical principle of SIMPLe (5/5)
+
-
Bifilar line in presence of water
ε1ε2
SIMPLe
Already-installed
Metal pipesNewly-installed pipes
made of any material
** patent pending: A. Cataldo, G. Cannazza, E. De Benedetto “Apparatus and method for detection and localization of leaks and faults in underground pipes,” WO BA2011A000 034, June 23, 2011.
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
two major application scenarios for SIMPLe*:
- Same system, different type of sensing element
The sensing element is placed on the pipe at the time of installation of the pipe
Scenario #1:
Application scenarios
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Scenario #2:
Prototype of SIMPLe
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
A portable case contains all the hardware for SIMPLe
Two different types of sensing element are used for two application scenarios
Sensing element for already-installed metal pipes
Sensing element for newly-installed pipes made of any material
Application Scenario #1Application Scenario #1
Leak-detection in already-installed Leak-detection in already-installed underground, metal pipesunderground, metal pipes
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Reflectogram
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Scenario #1: already-installed metal pipes
The pipe must be made of METALLIC (i.e.: conductive)
MATERIAL
Only ONE requirement for scenario #1
Measurement software
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
A dedicated software automatically evaluates (in real time) the position of the leak
Scenario #1: already-installed metal pipes
SIMPLe was also employed on critical operating conditions (i.e., adduction pipe, irregular surfaces, rainy water penetrating in the ground...)
Good performance: excellent candidate as additional option for leak pre-localization
Optimal alternative for leak localization in presence of low pressure, external noise, considerable burial depth
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Scenario #1: already-installed metal pipes
metallic wire
Application Scenario #2Application Scenario #2
Leak-detection and periodic monitoring Leak-detection and periodic monitoring in «newly-installed» pipes, made of any in «newly-installed» pipes, made of any
materialmaterial
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
The pipe can be made of ANY MATERIAL
The sensing element remains permanently on the pipe and measurement can be performed any time
Only ONE requirement for scenario #2
At the time of installation of the pipe, a biwire must be placed along the length of the pipe
Scenario #2: newly-installed pipes
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
For this scenario, SIMPLe was validated on pilot plants that was specifically equipped with the sensing element.
Scenario #2: Experimental validation
Leaks were provoked at known position, for validating the system.
Water mains (cast iron)
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Scenario #2: Experimental validation
During installation of the pipe After installation of the pipe
Point for connection to the buried sensing element
Application #2: experimental results
Water mains (cast iron)
Reflectograms acquired in presence of leak
Reflectograms refer to an increasing amount of water escaping the pipe
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Scenario #2: Experimental validation
Scenario #2: Experimental validation
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Several other practical cases were tested and explored
Domestic supply pipe (both metallic and plastic)
Distributed sensing elementDistributed sensing element
Application #1: measurement principle
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Scenario #2: Experimental validation
Water mainsSewer pipes (Gres)
Application #1: measurement principle
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)
Typical performance parameters of SIMPLe
Scenario #2
> 6 km/day
0.5 m
1 operator
< 10 minutes
200 m
Scenario #1
Leak detection productivity 2-3 km/day
Leak-localization uncertainty 2-3 m
Required personnel 1-2 operators
Time required for one measurement
< 10 minutes + laid down of the
wireTypical length of inspection portion
200 m
An innovative TDR-based method for pinpointing water leaks in underground pipes
Overcomes some of the limits of traditional techniques: reduction of inspection times, no specific operating conditions needed for the pipe
A single system; two main application scenarios.
- #1 for “already-installed” metal pipes: a useful additional option especially when traditional methods are inapplicable
- #2 for newly-installed pipes, made of any material: can revolutionize leak-detection practices. This configuration may allow periodic monitoring of the pipes
Conclusions
Co-Operation Between A University And A Water Operator In Developing An Innovative System For Identifying And Monitoring Pipe Leaks (S.I.M.P.Le)