Innovation Network to Improve Soybean Production under the...
Transcript of Innovation Network to Improve Soybean Production under the...
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Innovation Network to Improve Soybean Production under the Global Change
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Project leader for Japan:Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu, Associate professorTokyo University or Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Japan
Project leader for Europe:Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura, ProfessorLeibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Germany
Speaker at the Kick-off Workshop: Dr. Ralf Bloch Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), GermanyVisiting Professor, University for Sustainable Development Eberswalde, Germany
University of Applied Sciences
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Challenge for Soybean cultivation under the Global Change
e.g. Climate Change
Increased Environmental Stress
Abiotic factors (Nutrients, Water, heat etc.)
Biotic factors (pest, disease etc.)
• Temperature rises
• Increasing periods of drought
• Extreme weather events
• Heavy precipitation in summer
• Higher precipitation in winter months (Reyer et al., 2012).
Source: Rosner 2016
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Resilience of Farming Systems
Resilience describes a system’s ability to retain its function and to reorganise itself despite disturbance induced alterations. (Darnhofer 2005)
The resilience of farming systems is considered to be high when internal risks are distributed among increased diversity and flexibility in cultivation as well as an adaptive management(Bloch et al. 2016)
Urruty et al. 2016.
What can be done to promote resilience on farms?
• Selection of crop species
• Soil organic matter management
• Increased plant diversity
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Potential of legumes
The use of legumes affects the performance of cropping systemsand their resilience (Reckling et al 2016)
(i) nitrogen supply via symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF),reducing the demand for external nitrogen fertilizers,
(ii) positive pre-crop benefitsthrough a combination of residual nitrogen andbreak-crop effects (Angus et al., 2015; Preissel et al., 2015),
(iii) reduced fossil energy consumption in crop production(Jensen et al., 2011),
(iv) and increased crop diversification andbiodiversity (Köpke &Nemecek, 2010)
Source: Reckling 2016
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Symbiotic N2 Fixation (SNF) of soybean
60% to 80% of nitrogen in soybean seeds is derived from SNF.
Environmental stress influence
Survival of bacteria in soil
Inoculation success (Nodulation)
Activity of N2 fixation (source)
Availability of soil nutrients (N)
Growth of plant (sink)
Nutrient (N) uptake by plants
Soybean YieldNeil A. C, et al. 2008.
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S
S
S
SS
S S
Both of Nitrogenase complex and Ferredoxin (Fd) contain Fe-S clusters in their active centers.
Importance of Sulfur for N2 fixation
Biochemistry& Molecular Biology of Plants,
Buchanan et al., eds.
The structure of Fe-S clusters in MoFe protein.
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In model legume Lotus japonicus,the nodule specific sulphate transporter (SST1) was shown to be required for proper nodule formation and N2 fixation (Krusellet al., 2005) .
In pea (Pisium sativum L.) the effects of S deficiency on growth were shown to be caused by the shortage of N, due to decreased N2 fixation. (Zhao et al., 1999).
Importance of Sulphur for N2 fixation
Krusell et al., 2005
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APS
SO3-
S2-
Cys
O-acetylserine
(OAS)
Ser
SO42-
NH4
Gln
Glutathione (antioxidant),
Proteins, etc.,
In plants, S and N assimilation were interacted.
For proper S assimilation, proper N assimilation is required and vice versa (Kopriva and Rennenberg 2004) .
OAS is the signal molecule to regulate S assimilation in response to S/N ratio in plants (Ohkama-Ohtsu et al. 2004).
Glutathione is a storage form of organic S and N in plants (Ohkama-Ohtsu et al. 2008) .
For enhancing efficiency of S utilization, N assimilation should be activated.
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This method may enhance efficiency of S utilization through activation of N assimilation.
Fertilization of N to soybean
The nodulation and N2 fixation of soybean are recognized to be inhibited by exogenously applied nitrogen especially nitrate (Gibson and Harper 1985).
Deep placement (20 cm depth) of slow release N fertilizers were developed as a method to promote seed yield of soybean without depression of nitrogen fixation (Ohyamaet al., 2010; Kaushal et al., 2002).
(Kaushal et al., 2002).
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
The aim of this study is to reveal the potential of soybean growth according to various environmental and soil conditions
to reveal the most sensitive growth stage for water and sulphur stress,
to analyse the effect of water and sulphur deficiency on SNF and
to develop innovative irrigation and sulphur fertilization methods.
Objective of this study
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Research Network
University of Applied Sciences
Plant NutritionMicrobiology
Modelling
Crop Science
CroppingSystem
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Research scheme
Work Package 1
Soybean growth and yield
(coordination
S. Bellingrath-Kimura)
Work Package 2
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation
(coordination
N. Ohkama-Ohtsu)
HTWD
ADU
Field Trial Pot Trial
HTWD
ADU
ZALF TUAT
Work Package 3
Analysis of the interaction of soil and crop
(coordination
J. Bachinger)
ModellingZALF
CNRS/INRA
har
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com
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tati
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feedback
data data
feed
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exchange
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Strengthen the Network through co-supervision
Step 1Exchange of Researcher
Step 2Co-supervision of
Ms and PhD
Step 3Workshop
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Time schedule
2017 2018 2019 2020
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Work Package 1
Soybean
growth and
yield
Work Package 2
Symbiotic
nitrogen
fixation
Work Package 3
Development
of methods
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Continued on mutual visiting and web-meetings
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www.zalf.de
Team at Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Germany
Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath-KimuraProf. Dr. agr.
Johann BachingerDr. agr.
Claas NendelDr. rer. nat.
Ralf BlochDr. agr.
Moritz RecklingMSc. agr.
Climate change adaptation and mitigation,vulnerability analysis
Agro ecosystem modelling with focus on yield, water and matter dynamics
Soybean research: irrigation, nitrogen fixation, yield, simulation, double cropping systems
Design and evaluation of organic and legume-supported cropping systems
Assessment and design of resource efficient cropping systems
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Research Teams (HTWD)
INNISOY Team of
Dr Guido Lux
Agronomy
M.Sc. Anne Griebsch
Phd student
Dr-Ing. Sylwia Lewandowska
Guest scientist of WUELS*
Seed and product quality
Dipl.-Ing. Frank Pötzsch
Phd student
Prof. Dr Knut Schmidtke
Organic farming
*WUELS: Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Research Tasks
Field Experiment 1(ZALF)
Field Experiment 2 (ZALF)
Field Experiment 3 (HTWD)
Field Experiment 4(HTWD)
Pot Experiment 1(HTWD)
Pot Experiment 2(HTWD)
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Research Teams (TUAT&AU(NU))
Prof. Takuji OhyamaNiigata Univ (~March 2017)Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture (Apr. 2017 ~)The pioneer of deep placement of
nitrogen fertilizers which promotesnitrogen fixation and seed yield ofsoybean
Assoc. prof. Naoko Ohkma-OhtsuTeam leader in JapanTokyo Univ. of Agriculture & TechnologyThe specialist of plant sulfur metabolism
Assoc. prof. Soh SugiharaTokyo Univ. of Agriculture & TechnologyThe specialist of nutrient movements in soils
Prof. Tadashi YokoyamaTokyo Univ. of Agriculture & TechnologyThe specialist of soil microorganisms and
bio-fertilizers
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Research Tasks・Effects of sulfur fertilization amounts and timing, and water contents
on soybean growth and yield, nodule formation, development and
nitrogen fixation activity.
・Effects of deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen fixation
and soybean yield under S-deficient or water-stressed conditions.
・Effects of soil sulfur nutrient status on soybean roots for releasing
capacity of fixed phosphorus from the rhizosphere soil by root exudates.
・Differences of responses to sulfur fertilization or water condition
between soybean species from Europe and Japan in terms of
soybean growth and yield, nodule formation, development and
nitrogen fixation.
The obtained data will be used for modelling
by teams in France and Germany.
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Prof. Dr. Osman ErekulCrop ScienceDepartment
Prof. Dr. Fuat SezginBiosystem Engineering
Department
Dr. Reşat SümerSoil and Plant Nutrition
Department
Res. Assist. (Ph.D. Student ) Ali YiğitCrop ScienceDepartment
ADU TEAMResearch Teams (ADU)
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ADU PROJECT DETAILS
Main Objectives
1) Influence of deficit irrigation on soybean yield and grain quality underMediterrenean conditions.
2) Determination of sulphur fertilization on crop and soil properties.3) Expansion of soybean areas in the region and Turkey, possibilities for
addition in the crop rotation.
Material and Methods
1) 4 irrigation applications (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%)2) 2 sulphur doses (0, 50 kg/ha)3) 3 Turkish soybean varieties (+1 variety can be added from abroad)4) 2 years field and pot experiments (2017 and 2018 soybean growing
period)
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
The LIPM and AGIR labs (Toulouse, France)
LIPM: Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interactions (CNRS-INRA)AGIR: AGroecoloy, Innovations, teRritories (INRA)
VASCO team: Varieties and cropping Systems for an agrO-ecological production• 29 permanent staff of 5 research institutes + 16 PhD students, post-docs and associates• Group leaders : Eric Justes & Jean-Pierre Sarthou
A pluridisciplinary team for agroecology:Systems agronomy, epidemiology & phytopathology, entomology, ecophysiology, sol science, functional ecology and modeling
Involved in a number of national/international projectse.g. coordination of:ENDURE network, ERA-NET « Climate-CAFE », H2020 ReMIXLinks with AgMIP et MACSUR intl. programs
www6.toulouse.inra.fr/lipm & www6.toulouse.inra.fr/agir
Main LIPM & VASCO membersinvolved in INNISOY
Dr. EP. JOURNET(CNRS)
Dr. Ph. DEBAEKE(INRA)
Dr. E. JUSTES(INRA)
http://www.toulouse.inra.fr/lipmhttp://www6.toulouse.inra.fr/agir
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Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
LIPM & AGIR research expertise for INNISOY
LIPM and AGIR expected contribution: • 1) Analyze critical soybean growth stages for water nutrition ; water stress impacts• 2) Calibrate and validate the soil-crop model STICS for various soybean varieties based on data provided by all partners. Improve
nitrogen flows in the STICS model for soybean (effect of nitrate-N and water stress on the soybean BNF activity)• 3) Provide feedback from model results to partners.
Dr. Etienne-Pascal Journet Coordinate the French team and validate the soil-crop model STICS for soybean. Expertise on : • legume-rhizobium symbiosis• functional analysis of cereal-grain legume intercrops (incl. varietal aspects)
Dr. Eric JustesConduct modelling and supervise exchange PhD candidates and researchers who will calibrate and validate the soil-crop model
STICS for soybeanExpertise on : • Soil and plant interactions according to water, C and N cycles; • Functional analysis and modelling of intercropping: cereal-grain legume intercrops and mixtures of cover crops; • Design and assessment of agroecological and low input cropping systems and innovative management options
Dr Philippe Debaeke Analyse the effect of early sowing and intra-specific diversity on water economy and use crop modelling for designing escape
strategies (PhD Cecile Schoving 2017-2019)Expertise on • Plant and crop response to drought• Crop modelling • Ideotype design• Field phenotyping methods