Innovation, its importance for regional development and ... · Innovation, its importance for...

Innovation, its importance for regional Innovation, its importance for regional development and its relationship with

vocational training coursesEx : France

Acropolis conference centre, Nice (FR)31 March - 1 April 2011

A pure theoretical modelR&D&I

Various

J-P Lacotte 2

Variousknowledge

March 2011

VariousKnow-how

Innovation processHow it works today

Customer / Market / Society

Discovery Directed Research

Application Directed Research

Industrial R&D


March 2011J-P Lacotte

Innovation processHow it works today


Discovery Directed Research

Application Directed Research

Industrial R&D


NonNon--linear innovation process with interaction and feedback between linear innovation process with interaction and feedback between all research stages including user involvementall research stages including user involvement


The European funding landscape

Middle term Long termShort term

TEN

Eur

ope 7th FPEUREKA


Pôles de compétitivité

FUI

R&D&I funding in France

• ANR, National Research Agency• Le FUI, Unique Inter-ministerial Funding• Les “pôles de compétitivité” precompetitive partner ship• Les “Investissement d’avenir” a huge national inves tment for the

future:– A small percentage of subsidies towards pure R&D&I ; and– A small percentage of subsidies towards pure R&D&I ; and– A major one, staffing for the future, a nearly no r isk investment

with national RoI.• All remain in accordance with EU rules,

– Pre-competitive– Multi-partners : large industry and services, SME, academia etc..– No competition distortion


High-Tec SME

• They are key for the future :– Huge number of companies from start-up to more trad itional– Huge potential for employment– Huge dynamism and reactivity– Widely spread over territories– Widely spread over territories

• But…– A 3-7 years problem– Contributes more and more to networks, Pôles, Eurek a, FP7….– Mostly unable to lead large projects– Should be lean to larger organization– Could work more closely to public research organiza tion


Why French “IUT” can contribute

• IUT is by law a component of the university with sp ecific rules and regulation. Like university IUT has two pillars, tr aining and research.

• IUT is a vocational training courses which deliver s a national diploma well recognized by employers over the count ry.

• IUT is one of the actors which contributes to land development. The 115 IUT’s are spread over more than 200 cities in F rance.– Well prepared to technology transfers.

• IUT students in his cursus and correlated with his personal project, must spend at least one long training period inside the professional world and for that, SME are major partners:– This training period is under the IUT training team control;– This period gives training team useful contacts wit h companies and

opportunities to identify problems and propose acti ons;– The IUT networks with its thousands “enseignant-cher cheur” can help

to contribute.


Some of key issues for SME & IUT

• Intellectual Property Rights rules between parties must be clearly identified and resolved.

• Contributions to standardization is important to se cure innovation– Standardization : the well known International or Eu ropean standardization

body are less and less the initiators of new propos als IEC, ISO, ITU, CENELEC, ETSI etc…

– The new items are introduced by a myriad of small o r large industry/SME lobbying promoting their own approach. Some have a worldwide recognition such as DVB (digital television), AICC (aviation), IETF, W3C (Internet and web) 3GPP, OMA (telecom) etc…

• Tax benefits, In addition to several other items– to, R&D&I staff costs;– R&D&I cost of certified French as well as EU organ izations sub-contracts;– patents expenses, patenting, maintenance and infri ngement litigation– Standardization expenses for company products

J-P Lacotte March 2011

Technologies roadmaps

An important tool to steare R&D&I“TRM (technology roadmapping) makes industries awar e of the

importance of jointly developing R&D programmes in a time where R&D funding (also inside companies)is scarce. They enhance knowledge exchange, collaboration and even the crea tion of more durable networks amongst industries, and between in dustries and academia, which is especially visible in sectors in which individual industries did not collaborate. They provide strate gic vision not only for big firms but, very importantly, for SMEs, that were said to be increasingly involved in TRM exercises of the ki nd presented here.”

From The effectiveness of Technology Roadmapping ; Bastian de Laat, Shonie Mc Kibbin; The Dutch Ministry of Econo mic Affairs, Pubnummer 03I18; section 3.27., page 28

10March 2011J-P Lacotte

The RM3 Domains modelIndividual entity (persons, devices or machines) achieving and controlling its individual goal and offering/using services to/from others

ME

GroupSociety

The RM3 Domains model

Collection of “me” or “groups” cooperating towards achieving a common goal, each member contributing to that goal complying with group-controlled rules

ME

GroupSociety


ME

Group

Organisation meeting a general purpose objective, complying with legal or externally defined rules, by offering services

Society

rules, by offering services to any individual and/or Group belonging to an overall community


ME

GroupSociety

Distributed adaptive services, generic support services and framework services used to compose services, applications and systems dynamically

Infrastructuresand basicservices


ME

GroupSociety

A range of activities and software tools required to help actors/persons/agents engaged in designing, implementing, verifying, maintaining and modifying software-intensive products and/or systems and services

Systems, services, softwarecreation

Physical

Human

REAL


ME

GroupSociety

VIRTUAL

Information

Knowledge

Major social impact :- Health- Aging population- Urbanization- Environment- Knowledge- Security & safety- Globalization

Multiple types of Services X-2-YWhere X, Y could be e.g. A, (Agent),

B, (Business), C, (Consumer), M, (Machine),S, (Service).


ME

GroupSociety

- Globalization- On the move

Major social impact :- Health- Aging population- Urbanization- Environment- Knowledge- Security & safety- Globalization

Multiple types of Services X-2-YWhere X, Y could be e.g. A, (Agent),

B, (Business), C, (Consumer), M, (Machine),S, (Service).

Physical

Human

REAL

The RM3 Domains modelIndividual entity (persons, devices or machines) achieving and controlling its individual goal and offering/using services to/from others

Collection of “me” or “groups” cooperating towards achieving a common goal, each member contributing to that goal complying with group-controlled rules

ME

Group

Organisation meeting a general purpose objective, complying with legal or externally defined rules, by offering services

Society

- Globalization- On the move

VIRTUAL

Information

Knowledge

rules, by offering services to any individual and/or Group belonging to an overall community

Distributed adaptive services, generic support services and framework services used to compose services, applications and systems dynamically

Infrastructuresand basicservices

A range of activities and software tools required to help actors/persons/agents engaged in designing, implementing, verifying, maintaining and modifying software-intensive products and/or systems and services

Systems, services, softwarecreation

Technology clusters & categories(programme sphere)

Content & KnowledgeContent & Knowledge- Acquisition &Processing- Presentation- Management

InteractionInteraction- More than Human - New Multimodal & Multi Device- Intelligent systems- Security & Trust- Engineering and development

Content&

Acquisition &

Presentation

Management.

Network & ComputingNetwork & Computing- Infrastructure- Services- Resource Management- Security, Privacy, Trust &

Robustness

&Knowledge

on & Processi

ng

ment.

System Process support

EngineeringSoftware Service

EngineeringEngineering- Systems - Software

-Service- Process support

Technology clusters & categories(programme sphere)

Content & KnowledgeContent & Knowledge- Acquisition &Processing- Presentation- Management

InteractionInteraction- More than Human - New Multimodal & Multi Device- Intelligent systems- Security & Trust- Engineering and development

Content&

Acquisition &

Presentation

Management.

Technologiesof the

Future?

Network & ComputingNetwork & Computing- Infrastructure- Services- Resource Management- Security, Privacy, Trust &

Robustness

&Knowledge

on & Processi

ng

ment.

System Process support

EngineeringSoftware Service

EngineeringEngineering- Systems - Software

-Service- Process support

Methodology and evolution of RM3

Domains

ScenariosScripts

Services, Systems &SoftwareCreation

Infrastructure & Basic services

S ervice composition

S hort term Medium term Long term

V ision

• Se rvices bu ilt by ‘in teg ra tors’ based on existing building b locks a t deve lopment tim e . U ser recogn ised by each se rvice, very limi ted pe rsona lisat ion and a la rge number of se rvices to surf .

• P ro file bu ilt for ca tegorised users: group/fam ily p rofile .

• L im ited dynam ic s ystem service com position.

• U ser recogn ised by a info rm ation serv ice provide r o r independent en tity – sing le au thentication .

• U ser rep resen ted by proxy in simp le situations

• D ynamic system service c omposition c onside ring c on text and persona l profi le – one-stop shop.

• Aut onom ous agen t act ing on behal f of use r

Technologies

• B rokering techno logies: se rvice onto logy1 for service descript ion covering f unctional and non-functional aspects. Services describ ing quali ty p roperties. Di recto ries and dynamic d iscovery t echno logy will m ature.

• Service ce rtifica tion for ensur ing the expected behaviour – e .g. QoS.

• In tell igent brokering adapted to user and context.

• C ontaine r techno logy: se rve rs, clien t and agen t con ta ine rs including st andard basic se rvices.

• Sel f-organising – i.e . in te lligent , se lf-adaptive , se lf-c on figu rab le and scalable – in frastruct ure services.

• D a ta m in ing and p rof il ing t echno log ies – e.g . p ro fi le se rve rs.

• Semantic search engines.

• O ntology for pro files and con text.

• C on text-aware m ultim ed ia search technolog ies.

• C on tent ce rtifica tion.

• F usion o f data from p ro files wi th recogni tion of use r habits.

• T echno logy to ful fi l lega l requ irem ents – e.g. identifica tion of use r, p rovide r, ill egal con tent, etc.

ME

Me domain: A day with the ‘Internet of things’

Short term Medium term Long term

Vision Ubiquitous connectivity of personal items, digital things and the environment. End-user control and management of privacy settings

• Self diagnostics in proxim ity of a car.

• Machine readable ID documents such as passports and driving l icences. (already exists)

• Smart clothes

• Wireless/remote diagnostics of a car.

• Personal preferences stored in and read from user belongings.

• Remotely readable ID docum ents like passports and driving licenses.

• Video cal l on sunglasses

• Autom atic presence that is accessible via the Internet

• Automatic car maintenance, for example robot-driven tyre replacement.

• Automatic checking of ID documents while driving, still preserving privac y.

• Automatic and personalised weather and risk forecasts based on local and remote services.

• Beverage machine that automatically recognises users’ preferences

Technologies

• Sensor for tyre pressure in a car (already exists but not a standard feature yet)

• Diagnostics computer in car (already exists)

• Weather sensing in clothes, phones and other user belongings.

• Remote-readable user preferences with the user (in phone, wal let, ….)

• Connectivity of clothes gadgets, etc.

• User control of access and traceabi li ty of car data

• Remotely readable driver ’s licence and passport inform ation with end-user control

• Video display in sunglasses. • Remotely readable location

inform ation, for example based on car and personal navigation systems

• Delegation of ID (passport and driving license) to car for remote reading.

• Com mon and standardised history for user preferences and services.

Group


Vision Dynamics : Manual set up of groups

Self constitution of ad-hoc group based on location of m embers

Self constitution of generalised, automated ad hoc groups, based on location and profiles

Ubiquity : Best access selection • End-to-end connectivity • Session continui ty across

heterogeneous technologies • Any terminal

Semantic routing of in formation within the network participating in the intel ligent management of information distribution

Adaptation to member prof ile : Focused broadcasting of contacts and information

• Information filtering • Semantic analysis of

messages • Natural language interfaces

• Automated high quality translation

• Adapted information insertion • Automatic learning of user

behaviour • Avatar acting on behal f of the

user Virtual collaborat ive environment : Interactive m ul timedia content sharing

• Multimedia content co-creation • Vir tual presence

• Haptic communication • Emotion communication

Context awareness : Location-based services

• Awareness of the proximi ty of group members

• Capture and exchange of member environment

• Automatic knowledge of m em ber context based on behavioural models and adaptation of communication m ode

• Augmented reality

Technologies • High bit-rate fixed and mobile

access • Profiling systems and

algorithms • Digita l r ights management • Web 2.0 • Peer-to-peer • Cross-media

• Self-organisation • Protocol interoperabi lity • Multiplatform applications • Human-system interaction • Learning mechanisms • Semantics • Content management • High throughput connections • End-to-end quality of service • Context modelling and

interpretation

• Open standards architecture and inter faces for flexible group managem ent

• Knowledge management • Application-aware networking • Behaviour modelling

Society

Public security and safety


Vision

• Traceability for safer food • On-line vision • On-line customs/tax

declarations

• High throughput airport security control – check-in

• Management of security credentials – e.g. based on biometrics – at home by citizens

• Integrated disaster management

• Global citizenship-based open standards

Technologies

• E-Pedigree through smart tags for safe food

• Standardised interfaces for accessing public services

• Conditional credential checking based on biometrics

• Implementing tamper-resistance for widely adopted security tokens

• Surveillance systems • Ad-hoc co-ordination and

communications systems in harsh environments

• Federated security systems • Advanced modelling

techniques

Services paradigm


Vision

• Adapting existing components into network services.

• Services over Internet • Some dedicated software as a

service, mainly in the office domain.

• Web 2.0

• Services orchest ration – from a single control point

• Automatic discovery and invocation of network-enabled services

• Serv ices choreography

• Dynamic and adaptive processes

• Serv ices monitoring and management

• Secured services infrastructure

• Agile applications – self adapting, self optimis ing…

• Business-driven automated compositions

• (Any-)user generated services

• QoS-aware service composition

• Evolutionary services – seamless replacement of components

• Service governance – services must conform to shared rules

Technologies

• Wrapping components • Dis tributed computing,

Databases, Security

• Web services • XML technologies (SOAP,

XSLT, XQuery…)

• Service-oriented architecture (SOA), UDDI, WSDL, WS-CDL, BPEL4WS, ESB

• Mash-ups

• Serv ice middleware infrastructures for data and process integration, with end-to-end security

• Integration brokers

• Serv ice aggregators • Web services dis tributed

management (WSDM) • Advanced bus iness modelling

• Dynamically reconfigurable service architectures

• Semantically enhanced service discovery

21

Technologies

ContentAcquisition& Processing30

Now ST MT LTDigital Sensory System

Standardised exchange of positioning information domain-

speci Þcgeneric

High-precision open-space localisation

Localisation in buildings

Low-cost location positioning with increasing precision

New or extended intelligent sensors

Sensor fusion to integrate raw physical data from dif ferent

sensors to information/knowledge

domain-

speci Þcgeneric

Software architectures of collaborative sensory systems

Context capturing and management

Ef ficient & standardised context exchange

(e.g. user profiles)

context fusion; integration of context

Efficient analysis of data

Dynamic filtering and transformation for adaptation to

session context

Pattern matching of media data

Media interpretation algorithmsoff-line

near

real-timereal-time

Integration of information

Algorithms for media integration

(e.g. camera images, position and digital maps)off-line

near

real-timereal-time

Real-time projection algorithms for full windscreen projection

More ef ficient compression algorithms / bit-rate reduction

(transmission time (isochronous – asynchronous), cost,

space, quality (perceived quality - full integrity)

H.261/H.263 H.264

Compression with scalable complexity for optimising coding

parameters with respect to overall performances of the

transmission channel and terminal node capabilities

(e.g. CPU resources, and power)

Generating knowledge from data

Self-adapting learning algorithms for content & context

Descriptive coding of context evolution in space and time

(e.g. derived delay times from traf fic data)

Behaviour prediction based on actual and historical data domain-

speci Þcgeneric

Derive high-level from low-level knowledge or data

(e.g. enhanced route-finding algorithms, taking into account

additional attributes such as user preferences and security

aspects)

T echnologies for Content Acquisition & Processing / Table 2-1

Rendezvous

Infrastructure,

standarisation

Rendezvous

Smart tags will allow

identification

of all the object in

the environment

Rendezvous

Challenge

Content & Knowledge

Network Services56

Now ST MT LT

Ambient intelligence

T ransparent access to distributed data (individual sensor /

actuator data or synthetic data) within the local network

(e.g. in home, building, plants)

Individual Synthetic

Remote access to local systems and services

(individual or synthetic)

ManuallyconÞgured Individual Synthetic

Positioning57 GPS Triangulation in

GSM/UMTSEverywhere,incl. in-door

Seamless distributed network capabilities

Automatic resource discovery in a network In a local network In a WAN network

Adaptive knowledge based auto-configuration Home andenterprise

WAN

Agent-based configuration of network elements Home andenterprise

WAN

Service-based self-managing devices

Standardised device interface (sensors / actuators) and

application model 58

Identity management and profiling

Profiles for users and user clusters

(e.g. groups and communities)

SpeciÞcand

manage-ment

Standardised ontologies

and construction ofproÞles from user habits

Fusion ofproÞles

acrossapplications

Identity management Monolithic, proprietary Federated

Universal identification Individual

to-URNresolution

Users ’ personal patterns of behaviour when on-line

established through ‘avatars ’59

Games Generic

Service coordination

Brokering of services

General support for application mobility

Profile and network context-based service orchestration Workßow Context ProÞle

Advanced web services allowing secure and transactional

coordination between applications

Service-level agreements (SLA) End-to-end

Support for accountable events

Accountable event generation and collection

Rendezvous

Regulation and

standards

Rendezvous

Security and privacy

Rendezvous

Legal aspects

for inter-operation

T echnologies for Network Services / T a ble 3-2

Network & Computing

Human-System Interaction67

Now ST MT LT

Simple, self-explaining and easy-to-use multimodal HSIs

Speech recognition, speech to text

Voice commands

noisy

environments in

speciÞc domains

V oice commands,

noisy

environments in

multiple domains

Enhanced natural

language

understanding,

speaker

independence

Natural language

understanding,

application

related semantic

interpretation,

understanding

content, some

emotions

Text to speech MonotonicNatural-sounding

with intonation

Understandingcontent, someemotions

Gestures (to control applications)Monitoring,

directions

(games)

Interpretation, pointing

Facial

movements,

some expressions

Eye movement (to control applications); eye-ball tracking Calibration, focus controlUnderstand

some emotions

Multi-user interfaces; v irtual and augmented reality2D and 3D symbolic

(games and simulators)3-D realistic,

other domains

Full 3D and

context support

Usability engineering Evolution of current approaches Disruptions

Platforms for HSI development Evolution of current systems Disruptions

HSI usability test systems Evolution of current systems Disruptions

Intelligent, context-aware and adaptive HSIs

User profilesPro Þles within closed or

proprietary environments

Dynamic and roamable pro Þles

for various environments

Context-awareness (with sensors and pro Þles) Simple

(presence,

location)

Groups, more

context, detailed

presence

Multi-diverse

environment

Full context and

situation, some

emotions

Learning user interfaces Adapting menus, mainly single users,

simple collaboration

Multi-diverse

environment

Understand some

human behaviour

Privacy and security Basic Multi-diverse environments, trust aspects Full support

Support for multi-display/device/HSI systemsBasic

Session roaming, context support,complex systems

Full adaptationand support

Seamless and interchangeable HSIs

Multi-device HSIs Basic Multi-diverse environment Full support

T e chnologies for Human-System Interaction / T able 4-1

Interaction

Engineering process support 80

Now ST MT LTIntegration and interoperation of engineering tools

Common meta-model for engineering artefacts E.g. MOF Data sharing

Standardised tool data transfer formats E.g. XMI Complete data transfer

Integrated navigation and linking of engineering

elements, including data management

Based on

Þle paradigmObject management with versioning of schemas

Tool integration frameworks and platforms E.g. Eclipse Data sharing based on object management

Configurable, extensible and modular engineering

methodologies

Con Þgurable,

E.g. RU PTool support

Methodologies for per-to-peer engineering Open source best practice

W eb-based development environment81

Distributed and collaborative engineering

Distributed engineering support technologies Shared work space

E.g. Groove

Concurrent engineering support technologies Version management,

E.g. CVS, GForce

Collaborative decision making, groupware solutions Proprietary

Integration of non-software engineering disciplines

Cyber rooms and processes

Configurable methodologies and process standards

Executable process definitions Process description language Executable

Configurable workflows Tool con Þguration for

process support

Requirements driven process management

Requirements management and change managementE.g. DOORS

From document-centred

to object-orientedRequirements linking and tracking

Requirements re-use techniques and guidelines Re-use by reference

Requirements based measurement

Requirements, meta-models and specification

languagesTemplate Formalised description

Concept of uncertain requirements Formalised description

Requirements verification and validation

Requirements based code generation techniques,

test generations

Knowledge based engineering

Ontology , standardised knowledge models, taxonomies De Þnitions and matching algorithms

Data mining, software mining and profiling82

Speci ÞcFocused and adapted generic methods, e.g.

pattern matching based on DN A analysis

Rendezvous

Domain-specific

CAD technologies

Rendezvous

Domain-specific

CAD technologies

T echnologies for engineering process support / T able 5-3

Engineering

ClustersContentAcquisition&Processing30

Now ST MT LTDigital Sensory System

Standardised exchange of positioning information domain-

speci Þcgeneric

High-precision open-space localisation

Localisation in buildings

Low-cost location positioning with increasing precision

New or extended intelligent sensors

Sensor fusion to integrate raw physical data from dif ferent

sensors to information/knowledge

domain-

speci Þcgeneric

Software architectures of collaborative sensory systems

Context capturing and management

Ef ficient & standardised context exchange

(e.g. user profiles)

context fusion; integration of context

Efficient analysis of data

Dynamic filtering and transformation for adaptation to

session context

Pattern matching of media data

Media interpretation algorithmsoff-line

near

real-timereal-time

Integration of information

Algorithms for media integration

(e.g. camera images, position and digital maps)off-line

near

real-timereal-time

Real-time projection algorithms for full windscreen projection

More ef ficient compression algorithms / bit-rate reduction

(transmission time (isochronous – asynchronous), cost,

space, quality (perceived quality - full integrity)

H.261/H.263 H.264

Compression with scalable complexity for optimising coding

parameters with respect to overall performances of the

transmission channel and terminal node capabilities

(e.g. CPU resources, and power)

Generating knowledge from data

Self-adapting learning algorithms for content & context

Descriptive coding of context evolution in space and time

(e.g. derived delay times from traf fic data)

Behaviour prediction based on actual and historical data domain-

speci Þcgeneric

Derive high-level from low-level knowledge or data

(e.g. enhanced route-finding algorithms, taking into account

additional attributes such as user preferences and security

aspects)

Technologies for Content Acquisition & Processing / T able 2-1

Rendezvous

Infrastructure,

standarisation

Rendezvous

Smart tags will allow

identification

of all the object in

the environment

Technologies

of the Future ?

?


J-P Lacotte 22

Thank you for your attention

March 2011

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