Innovation in aviation: hybrid electric propulsion systems · Siemens Zrt 2017 Page 19 12/21/2017...
Transcript of Innovation in aviation: hybrid electric propulsion systems · Siemens Zrt 2017 Page 19 12/21/2017...
Innovation in aviation:hybrid electric propulsion systems
Dr. Balázs, Gergely György: Head of department, eAircraft Hungary, Siemens Zrt.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4M9pznk3fuQ
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Trends in Transport
Transportation becomes electric
On the ground
On water
In the air
• Why?à harmful effectsàHybrid - electrical benefits
• How did it begin?• Where are we now?• Further directions?
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Harmful effects of aviation
NOISE POLLUTION• Different frequencies of engine and propeller noise• Increasing restrictions on airports
AIR POLLUTION• Aviation in passengers number is 1% of all transportation, but
uses 10-15% of all transport fuel• Typical emissions:
• SO2 emission is lower than in other vehicles• Significant NOx emissions• Emissions of unburned hydrocarbons• Emissions of solid particles• CO emission
Take-off: NOx
Cruising:• NOx• Promoting greenhouse effect: CO2 and kerosene are burned,
water curdles above 9,000m, with ice layer as a greenhouseeffect
• NOx emissions of aircrafts flying close to ozone shield (canreach 1Mt per year) increase size of ozone hole, NOx causingozone to break down through various reactions
Landing + taxiing:• High hydrocarbon (CxHx)• High CO
Source: Élhető Környezetünkért Egyesület
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The aviation industry is on the verge of a major shift towardselectrified propulsion
2016 – 2020Hybrid Electric Systems Project• Hybrid Ground Demonstrator,
10 MW platform• <2 MW potential platform applications vertical
take off and landing (VTOL), door-to-door
2025Regional Aircraft100 passengers, 6-8 MW
2035+Short Range Aircraft150-200 passengers, 20MW
Maintenance,modific., insur.,
fees
Crew
15%14% 100%
TCOFuel
20%
Purchase
51%
1. Reduction of fuel consumption: main lever to reduce aircraft TCO (example737-800)
2. Projected emission goals: can only be reached with disruptive concepts 1)
Airbus: hybrid electric propulsion roadmap defined fordemonstration (TRL‘s) and product development until 2035
2005 205020402030202020102010 2030 2050
CO2 mn ton
3. Customer perspective: extension of potential operating hours through noisereduction
1) IATA technology roadmap, June 2013
Possible through innovation of existingtechnologies
Requires biofuels and/or disruptiveconcepts (e.g. eAircraft)
EU agreement “Flight-path 2050”: 90%emission reduction
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Hybrid or electric drive system?
• Distributed drive system• Energy storage / generation can be separated
from thrust generation• Noise reduction (only propeller noise is heard)• Pollutant emissions decrease
(electric: zero emission)
Hybrid• Internal combustion engine in optimum operation point• Parallel hybrid: electric motor torque addition• Serial hybrid:
• Internal combustion engine designed for crusing power• Take off / landing with electric machine
PURE BATTERY(Current technology): training, sightseeing, agricultural
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Milestones of aviation
• First motor poweredairplane
• Wright brothers• 17.Dec.1903
(3m high, 37m lengths)
• First aircraft capable oftransporting a person
• Hot-air balloon made ofpaper
• Montgolfier brothers• 1783, Paris
• First electric poweredaircraft
• Siemens electric motor• Gaston/Albert Tissandier• 1883, Paris
• First e-powered plane• István Petróczy,
Tódor Kármán andVilmos Zsurovecz
• 1917 – first take-off• 650kg 2-2 190HP engine
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Milestones of electric aviation
• First electric flying aroundthe Globe
• 2015-2016• 4 engines, 269.5 m2 solar
panels• 4 x 41kWh Li (633 kg)
• First electric aircraft• 1973, Austria• Militky and Brditschka• One 10 kW motor• Ni-Cd batteries
• First electric poweredaerobatic aircraft
• EXTRA 330Le• Siemens electric motor• Several word records• 2016
• First serial hybrid aircraft• 2011, Wiener Neustadt• Diamond-Siemens, Airbus
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Elektromos repülés úttörőiHy4Taurus Electro
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e-Genius
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Elektromos repülés úttörőiPipistrel Alpha Electro
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Elektromos repülés úttörőiSilence Twister
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EXTRA 330LE
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Elektromos repülés úttörőiHy4
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Magnus eFusion
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_DG_uwdBRQ
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Magnus eFusion - fully electric aircraft propulsion system installedfirewall-forward
Propulsion System Data
Power45 kW MCP
60 kW MTOP85 kW max.
Nmax 2500 rpm
DC-link voltage (nominal) 350 VDC(300 …450 V)
Torque MBoost 324 Nm
Battery 10.1 kWh
Max. airspeed 110 KIAS
Aircraft DataEmpty weight includingbatteries and parachute 410 kg
MTOW 600 kg
Wingspan 8.4 m
Length 6.6 m
Height 2.4 m
Battery system
Inverter
Auxiliary
system
Electric Motorwith Bearing
Controller
Cooling
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Long-term prospects
Source: NASA
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• At Siemens we have a long history in electrifying transport• Siemens allocated resources on R&D in the field of electric
aviation• Siemens is expert in drive systems (machine and hardware)• Siemens is an expert in digitalization (embedded and PLM)• We have found the right partners (Airbus & smaller OEM’s)
Siemens eAircraft R&D activities
Erlangen• Creating certification basis• Development of certified components
München – Taufkirchen• Airbus-Siemens collaboration• Drive system R&D activities for general aviation
Budapest• Low power drive systems for small aircrafts• Battery competence
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Siemens eAircraft Hungary
Modelingand
simulation
Mechanicaldesign
Hardwaredevelopment
Electricdrive
systems
Energystoragesystems
Powerelectronics
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Value add from Hungary
Research and development activities:• Battery system• Vehicle control system• Motor / Battery Holder• Auxiliary system• Display + CAN communication• Integration of the drive system into the aircraft• Cooling system• Design and design of instrument panel• Battery Charger• Motor design
Production of the componentes
Validation and testing:• Component level• System level• In the aircraft
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Thank you for your attention!Dr. Balázs, Gergely György: [email protected]
Sources of the pictures: Wikipedia, Youtube, Google, Pipistrel, Siemens, EXTRA, Hy4, Shuttershock, Hamiltonwatch