INNOVATING FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

KINGSTON, 20 NOVEMBER 2018

Richard Kelly, Programme Specialist:

Policy Advisory Services, UNDP

richard.kelly@undp.org

From puzzles to myster ies

systemic or structural chal lenges

– ‘wicked’ or complex problems –

across the three dimensions of sustainable

development

f rom micro macro problem-solv ing

from incremental t ransformational change

the problem – ident i f ied but not necessar i ly fu l ly unders tood

Economic

Environment Social

3D Thinking: The Sustainable Development Approach

1 D Thinking

4

A System is any set of

distinct parts that

interact to form a

complex whole e.g.

Governance System,

Innovation System

Each goal

is

important

in itself …

And they

are all

connected

WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS UNDERPINING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)?

The Goals will stimulate action over the next 12 years in 5 areas of critical importance: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace & Partnership.

Landing the SDG agenda at the national and local levels: integration into national and sub-national plans for development; and into budget allocations

Will need to be linked to the new UNDAF Guidelines

MAINSTREAMING

Focus on priority areas defined by respective countries

Support an integrated approach, including synergies and trade-offs

Bottlenecks assessment, financing and partnerships, and measurement

Support – skills and

experience - from respective UN agencies to countries, which should be made available at a low cost in a timely manner

POLICY SUPPORT ACCELERATION

WHAT IS MAPS?

A ROADMAP FOR SDG IMPLEMENTATION IN JAMAICA

The Rapid Integrated Assessment (RIA)

Considering all planning documents, sectoral plans, out of 115 targets

105 fully or partially reflected (91.3%)

For Vision 2030 and MTF, out of 115 targets:

89 targets fully or partially reflected (77%)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%No Poverty

Zero Hunger

Good Health and Well-being

Quality Education

Gender Equality

Clean Water andSanitation

Affordable and CleanEnergy

Decent Work andEconomic DevelopmentIndustry, Innovation, and

InfrastructureReduced Inequalities

Sustainable Cities andCommunities

Responsible Consumptionand Production

Climate Action

Life below Water

Life on Land

Peace, Justice, and StrongInstitutions

Partnerships for the Goals

SDG Profile - All Planning Docs

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%No Poverty

Zero Hunger

Good Health and Well-being

Quality Education

Gender Equality

Clean Water andSanitation

Affordable and CleanEnergy

Decent Work andEconomic DevelopmentIndustry, Innovation, and

InfrastructureReduced Inequalities

Sustainable Cities andCommunities

Responsible Consumptionand Production

Climate Action

Life below Water

Life on Land

Peace, Justice, and StrongInstitutions

Partnerships for the Goals

SDG Profile - Vision 2030 and MTF

SDG Accelerators

VISION 2030 JAMAICA & SDGs

Innovation For Development

From Invention to Innovation

• An invention is a new

device, method, process or

product developed from

study and

experimentation.

• Inventions may include:

- New services

- New technologies

- New materials

- Computer software

- New tools or processes

• An invention turns into

an innovation when it is

made accessible to the

market

• Innovation is the conversion of

knowledge and novel, implementable

ideas into products, processes or

services for commercial and public use

• Innovation takes technology a step

further by making it available to the

public for wealth creation and

improvement of the quality of life

What is Innovation?

Relationship Between the Concepts

16

Science Technology

INNOVATION

R & D

Creativity

Entrepreneurship

Web of Wealth Creation

Recipe for the Web of Wealth Creation through Innovation and Entrepreneurship

17

Environmental

Global Trends

impacting STI

Global R&D Continues Growth With Less Government Support

A major danger is that, in the race to improve national competitiveness, countries may lose sight of the old

adage that ‘without basic science, there would be no science to apply’. Basic

research generates the new knowledge that gives rise to applications,

commercial or otherwise.

Applied Science

vs. Basic Science

USA 2.84

China 1.97

Japan 3.50

South Korea 4.32

Mexico 0.78

Argentina 1.75

South Africa 1.85

R&D as Percentage of GDP

North America 28.9

Latin America 3.4

Caribbean 0.1

Africa 1.3

Europe 22.7

Asia 42.2

Gross Expenditure on R&D (%)

Source: UNESCO Science Report 2015

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Americas

N. America

Latin America

Caribbean

Europe

Asia

Africa

World's Share of Researchers, %

Source: UNESCO Science Report, 2015

1013

112 36 29

Publications per million persons

North America Latin America Caribbean Africa

Gender Equality

• Women constitute a minority in the research world

• They also tend to have more limited access to funding than men

• Southeast Europe – 49%

• Caribbean, Central Asia, Latin America – 44%

• Sub-Saharan Africa – 30%

• South Asia – 17%

• Globally, women have achieved parity (45–55%) at the bachelor’s and master’s levels, where they represent 53% of graduates. At the PhD level, they slip beneath parity to 43%.

JAMAICA’S INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE

Moving towards a common

‘destination’

Operational

View

1 Year

Strategic

View

3-5 Years

Long

Term

View

10-15

Years

Alignment of Key

Stakeholders

OUTCOMES

The Triple Helix Model

Professors

Administration

ACADEMIA

Students Churns out entrepreneurs Basic and Applied Technology Technical Assistance and Education Human capital Forges partnerships Knowledge creation and diffusion

GOVERNMENT

National

Regional

Local

Basic R&D Funding Basic R&D Research Grants Incentive Programmes Quality of Life STI Infrastructure Ease of business

International

INDUSTRY

Capital Event sponsorship Applied technology Wealth Creation Market expertise

Corporations

Venture Capital

Chambers of Commerce and Associations

Spinoffs and SMEs

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From Lab to Market

29

Entrepreneurship

30

Spend more on me please. I love investments. At least 1%

of GDP on R&D

Updated HDI Statistics, 2018

STI Education for Development

• Average scores for Mathematics

and Science in the Grade Six

Achievement Test (GSAT)

• Science (67.0 per cent) than

Mathematics (59.0 per cent)

• Low pass rates for CXC Mathematics,

• Chemistry (49.1 per cent) and Physics (54.8 percent). Lowest pass rates since 2014.

• Pass rates for other subjects outpaced the Sciences

Education Variables Key Educational Variables in Selected Countries, 2010

Country Adult Literacy

(%)

Tertiary

education (%

of population)

Norway 100 40

Singapore 95.0 25

Jamaica 88.0 8.3

Barbados 99.7 n/a

Trinidad and

Tobago

98.5 n/a

Source: Human Development Report, 2009, UNICEF, Country Reports, 2010, OECD Tertiary Review,

Norway, 2006.

Some Key Issues Affecting STI in

Jamaica

Low levels of STI investment

Lack of an effective and well-coordinated

National Innovation System

No explicit understanding of or established role

for STI in national vision and development

objectives

Insufficient public-private partnership

No structured national research programme

geared towards high impact output

Shortage of STI educators and other

professionals

Some Key Issues Affecting STI in

Jamaica

Research capacity and engineering intensity

compromised by level of STI training

Weak research and innovation culture

Inadequately developed infrastructure

Lack of awareness/knowledge of benefits of

patenting

Inadequate policy framework to develop ICT sector

Lack of information on ICT’s contribution to GDP

Inadequate use of ICT to boost environmental

protection and social and economic development

Insufficient use of ICT in advancing education and

reducing poverty

Eco

no

mic

• High Debt

• Low GDP Growth rate

• IMF Strictures

• High public sector wage to GDP ratio

• Inefficient tax system

• Public sector reform

• Business competitiveness and low productivity

• Limited development financing

• Income inequality

• High dependence on imported fossil fuels

Soci

al

• High homicide rate

• Rel. high poverty rate

• Multi-dimensional poverty

• Inefficient justice system

• Increasing NCDs

• Youth unemployment

• Gender inequality

• Education/ student underperformance and enrolment

• Trafficking in Persons

• Child Labour

• Low levels of social capital and trust

Envi

ron

men

tal

• Unsustainable use of natural resources

• Degradation of ecosystems and loss of goods and services

• Land degradation

• Inadequate Land use planning

• Pollution

• Highly vulnerable to natural hazards

CLIMATE CHANGE

Innovation System

Institutions (public, private,

academia)

Infrastructure

R&D Policy and Regulatory framework

Education

National Innovation System

Being Non-linear

we apply the

Systems Approach

to Innovation

Technology Information

38

Governance Innovation

39

Towards Achieving the Goals

Governance and Innovation drive the

achievement of the SDGs

Governance Innovation

The Fourth Sector: For Benefit and Not only Profit

• The fourth sector is a chance to

build a new economic model for

the benefit of all (World

Economic Forum)

• Today’s dominant economic

systems and organizational

models around the world have

become outdated.

• Purpose, Business Model, Structure, and Transparency are mutually reinforcing features of a for-benefit enterprise that allow it to deliver positive impacts across multiple SDGs. To do so, for-benefits need a strong and supportive ecosystem.

Triple Bottom Line

• Social acceptability

• Environmental performance

• Economic viability

SUSTAINABILITY

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Why Nations Fail?

Extractive Institutions Inclusive Institutions

Poverty and economic

stagnation

Economic

growth and

wealth

44

What is ? What if ? What

wows? What

works?

Design thinking for Improved Governance and Innovation

Empathy

45

24.8

79.2

% Contribution to GDP

Goods production Services

Source: Economic and Social Survey 2017

Innovate for growth and

development in Sectors

VALUE

IMPACT GROWTH

47

High Impact Research and Development

High Impact Invention

High Impact Innovation

Entrepreneurship

Market

Triple Helix Model

Summary: Recipe for Wealth Creation – Lab to Market

High Quality Education and

Training

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Innovating for the SDGs

Alternative Finance

Data Innovation

Behavioural Design

Government Labs

Reminders

• One Jamaica

• Be specific about the problems and the solutions, your offer

• Question, question, question

• Learn from mistakes

• Don’t be afraid to aim high

• Don’t be afraid to experiment and to fail. Fail forward. Fail often to succeed

• Ask for help – Partner, partner partner

• We must be comfortable with uncertainty.

• Never give up hope and never stop believing that Jamaica can be the place of choice to Live, Work, Raise Families and Do Business

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