Inland Empire Paper Company

March 27, 2013

Spokane River Forum Conference A Biological Alternative for Nutrient Reduction

DO TMDL/NPDES Permits

TMDL Permit

Seasonal Limits (lbs./day)

123.2 (3 ppm)

2.39 (70 ppb)

24.29 (1 ppm)

Inland Empire Paper Inland Empire Paper CompanyCompany

Reduction Percentage

97%

93%

ParameterPrevious Permit Limits (lbs/day)

Avg. Mo. / Max. Day

BOD 2,374 / 4,536

Total P 36.4

Ammonia N/A

Season June - Oct Feb thru Oct

IEP’s Commitment to DO TMDL

Pilot tested 10 phosphorus reduction technologies:● Blue Waters Sand Filter ● Trident Multi-Media Filter● Zenon Membrane ● Parkson Sand Filter● Trident HS Multi-Media Filter ● Actiflo Ballasted Sand● Co-Mag Ballasted Magnetite● Co-Mag/Trident HS● Contrafast/Trident HS ● AlgEvolve

1st in Region to install a full-scale P reduction system Water reclamation and reuse projects, reduced treated

wastewater 1 to 1.5 MGD Installed maximum secondary treatment Investments to date exceeding $10 million

Inland Empire Paper Inland Empire Paper CompanyCompany

IEP’s Previous WWTS

RiverMill Wastewater

Primary Clarifier

Orbal ASB

Secondary Clarifier

IEP’s “New & Improved” WWTS

RiverMill Wastewater

Primary Clarifier

Orbal ASB

Secondary Clarifier

1.0 MGD Trident HS

Mill Process Water(3) MBBR’s

1.4 MGD Conustrenner

Mill Process

Water

Chemical Precipitation

Precipitation using Metal Ion Based Coagulants (Aluminum & Iron) followed by Adsorption/Filtration

Chemical intensive Process: Acid to lower pH Coagulant for precipitation Anionic and Cationic Polymers for floc stability & settling Caustic to increase pH

Require significant Coagulant Dosages: 1,300 to 1,800 ppm (4,000 to 5,440 gallons/day)

Creates a significant amount of chemical sludge – need to determine how to handle, dispose and assure that it does not return to the environment

AlgEvolve Process

IEP Pilot Scale System

Overview of Average Results

Analyte Units Average Raw Average Treated

pH   8.2 7.8

Hardness mg/L 252.7 258.8

NH3 mg/L 0.275 0.323

Ortho P mg/L 0.083 0.050

Total P mg/L 0.375 0.128

BOD mg/L 14.4 1.46

IEP Demonstration Scale System

Photobioreactor (PBR)

Membrane Filters

Algae Product

Biological vs. Chemical

Advantages of Algae-based Process over Chemical: Not a chemically intensive process CO2 Sequestration Produces pure oxygen as a by-product Produces algae as a commodity by-product Low energy May provide additional benefits such as PCB removal

Challenges: Green Field Technology Economics Reliability Optimization of biological and filtration processes

Questions?