Injury Atlas

8/8/2019 Injury Atlas

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INJURY ATLAS

Ontario Construction ______________________________________

Based on WSIB Injury Reports from 1997 to 199

Construction Safety Association of Ontario21 Voyager Court South

Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 5M7

(416) 674-CSAO (2726)Fax: (416) 674-8866

1-800-781-CSAO (2726)

www.csao.org [email protected]



Acknowledgments

The Injury Atlas was compiled and developed by Technical Services staff at the Construction Safety Associationthanks are due to Wayne Brocklebank, Dan Fiorini, Ray Hopkins, Michael McCusker, Firmina Neves, Peter Vi,

for their assistance with the project.

General questions or comments regarding the Injury Atlas should be directed to Enzo Garritano.

Questions or comments regarding specific trades should be referred directly to the staff who prepared the profile

Wayne Brocklebank – Flooring Trades

Dan Fiorini – Carpenters, Insulators, Painters

Ray Hopkins – Boilermakers, Electricians, Millwrights, Pipe Trades

Michael McCusker – Heating and Refrigeration, Labourers (non-Low-Rise Residential), Siding

Peter Vi – Bricklayers, Equipment Operators, Ironworkers, Plasterers and Drywallers, Reinforcing Steel Wo

Jim Zaichkowski – Flat Roofers, Labourers (Low-Rise Residential), Sheet Metal Workers, Shinglers (Sloped

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Table of Contents

Abbreviations

Injury Profile – All Construction

Injury Profiles – Specific Trades BoilermakersBricklayersCarpenters

ElectriciansEquipment OperatorsFlat Roofers

Flooring TradesHeating and Refrigeration WorkersInsulatorsIronworkers

Labourers (Low-Rise Residential)Labourers (non-Low-Rise Residential) Millwrights

PaintersPipe TradesPlasterers and Drywallers Reinforcing Steel Workers

Sheet Metal WorkersShinglers (Sloped Roofing) Siding Installers Truck Drivers

Appendix



Abbreviations used in this Atlas

AC All Construction (Ontario)

ACD Accident Causal Data (referring to a form and system unique to CSAO)

Avg. Average

CBLR Commercial Building Low-Rise

CSAO Construction Safety Association of Ontario

Form 7 Employer’s Report of Injury/Disease (Workplace Safety & Insurance Board)

LRR Low-Rise Residential

NA Not Available

NEC Not Elsewhere Classified

Occ’s Occurrences

Pct. Percentage

PPE Personal Projective Equipment

WSIB Workplace Safety & Insurance Board (Ontario)

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Background

The Construction Safety Association of Ontario (CSAO)

provides a variety of health and safety support services tomanagement and labour in the construction industry of Ontario,Canada. Established in 1929, CSAO has assisted the industry

in accident prevention through training, technical support,research, and print, video, and digital products.

Since the mid-1970s, CSAO has compiled computerized injurydata on the injury experience of the Ontario construction

industry. The source of the data has been the WorkplaceSafety and Insurance Board (WSIB) – specifically, the

Employer’s Report of Accidental Injury and Illness (Form 7).

In addition to basic information captured by the WSIB for

claim adjudication purposes, CSAO staff capture and codeother causal data in CSAO’s Accident Causal Data System

(ACD System). The information is used to- develop new training programs

- compile injury distributions for different sub-groups

within Ontario construction- target intervention efforts with employers or industry

groups having poor safety records- aid in defining or quantifying health and safety hazards

- assist and support other policy-related tasks.

The Injury Atlas has been compiled to provide a benchmark for

evaluating overall injury performance within the industry aswell as within specific sub-parts. The data is also useful in

identifying particular problems in each ofoccupations working in this very diverse

Data Selection

Data selected for the Injury Atlas represenexperience of Ontario construction for the

(15,504 lost-time injuries).

The Injury Atlas only includes data on los

These are injuries severe enough to causemiss work for at least one day. (Ontario h

for benefits. Workers who are injured andnext scheduled shift are eligible for comp

First-aid cases and medical-aid cases are data. (Medical-aid cases require treatmen

other health care provider but do not resuwork.)

Accident Causal Data System

Database

CSAO has been compiling injury data sinA custom-designed database was created

and retrieval of information pertaining to

factors relating to injuries. This is the Acc(ACD) System.




Some information is downloaded directly from the WSIB’s

computer system. Other information is taken from WSIB Form7’s by trained and experienced CSAO staff.

In addition to name, occupation, age, part of body, type of injury, and similar categories found in most injury databases,

CSAO’s ACD system is structured to collect much morespecific information on the injury event.

The next section outlines the 26 descriptive fields used in theACD system. Some fields are multiples to permit the capture of

additional information that may be important. These aredescribed in the individual field descriptions. The result is a

40-field entry for each claim, including a three-line, full-textdescription of the injury event.

Description of Fields

The following are detailed descriptions of each field in theACD system.

Claim Number

This field is unique to each individual claim. The number is

assigned by the WSIB when a claim is initiated. Claim Number is used as a key field to avoid duplication of entries.

Subsequent LTIs due to the same injury are charged to theoriginal claim number.

Firm Number

Construction firms with at least one employee, other than theowner, must register with the WSIB. They are assigned a firm

number that contains six digits and may c

alphabetical characters. This number is unSearching another CSAO database produc

the type of construction the firm is involv

Rate Number

The assessment rate is levied by the WSIBtype of construction the firm is involved i

County

Identifies the county where the incident o

value is entered which accesses a table of

NameThe name of the claimant is used as a che

claim number, to avoid duplication of ent

Age

Birth date is used to calculate the claiman

Occupation

There are 73 different occupations availabfield. If the claimant holds a management

are completed: for instance, carpenter/forelectrician/owner.

Date of Injury

Identifies the date on which the injury occ

Time of InjuryIdentifies the time of injury according to t

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Part of Body

There are 44 different body parts which may be entered in thisfield. The option is available to enter up to three different body

parts per claim.

Type or Nature of Injury

This field is divided into three categories: occupational injuries(39 options); occupational illnesses (18 options); non-

occupational illnesses (9 options). Three different selections

may be entered in this field per claim.

The code “Occupational Injury-Type Not Available” indicatesincomplete data or insufficient detail to specify injury type. For

example, the report states only that the worker “hurt his back”or “hurt his ankle.”

Jobsite

Occasionally an individual construction project is monitored

for statistical purposes. This field is used as a key to pull out allclaims relating to the project.

Project Type

This field contains 37 options specifying the type of building or

project where the work is taking place – for example,residential low-rise, commercial high-rise, and roadwork.

Construction Type

This field contains 56 options specifying the work being done by the firm – for example, masonry, paving, and concrete

forming.

Employee Activity

This field contains 84 options pertaining tactivity when the injury occurred. It is lim

For instance, “the carpenter was cutting…

Acted On

Identifies the material or equipment on wworking. For instance, “the carpenter wa

Lumber would be entered as “acted on.”

Acted With

Identifies the material or equipment used involved. There are hundreds of options

For instance, “the carpenter was cutting luhandsaw…” Handsaw would be entered a

Type of Accident

This field contains 72 options to describe

occurrence. Two selections may be entercarpenter was cutting lumber with a hand

struck by…” Struck by would be entered

Other Involvement

This field contains hundreds of options toequipment directly related to the accident

carpenter was cutting lumber with a handstruck by a brick…” Brick would be enter

involvement.”

DistanceIdentifies the distance in feet the object or




Pounds

Identifies the weight of an object being lifted or the weight of afalling object, measured in pounds.

Work Surface

This field contains 55 options and specifies the surface the

claimant was in contact with when the accident occurred: forexample, stairway, floor, road, portable ladder, and crawlspace.

Condition of Work Surface

This field contains 17 options and describes the condition of

the work surface. Two selections may be entered fromcategories such as clean, wet, narrow, confined, and unstable.

Cause

Where a cause is identified in the injury report, this data is

captured. Because most injuries are caused by multiple factors,this field is viewed as one of the weakest and least useful in the

data set. Where sufficient data exists in the report to assign animmediate cause with reasonable certainty, up to three

selections may be entered from 112 available options.

Cause Involvement

Identifies the material or equipment directly related to thecause of injury. Hundreds of options are available and up to

three selections may be entered.

Description

A brief description of the accident is entered in this field.

Specific details of the accident or certain types of machinery,tools, and equipment may be defined here.

Date In

Identifies the date on which the claim is e be from a Form 7 or a WSIB claims tape.

Costs

Identifies pension, medical aid, and wage

(compensation) costs.

Selected Fields

Of the 26 fields available for use, seven hillustrate the distribution of lost-time inju

trades included in this study. Research haare the most useful fields in compiling a g

injury descriptions within most trade grou

are1. project type

2. construction type3. activity type

4. working surface

5. part of body6. type of injury

7. type of accident.

Data Analysis and Presentation

The data was compiled for each of the 21

the Table of Contents and data in each of ranked in descending order of prevalence

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CSAO Technical Services staff reviewed not only the ranked

data but also the individual claim descriptions for all but two of the groups. The exceptions were low-rise residential (LRR)

labourers and non-LRR labourers, where the relatively largedata set made manual review impractical.

In some cases, data from previous analyses in greater depthwas available for selected sub-populations within the groups.

In these cases, additional comments have been provided.

Research also indicated that three major classifications were

very useful in categorizing injury distributions and relatingthem to the tasks undertaken within any particular trade group.

These three classifications are1. direct installation

2. manual materials handling

3. in-transit services.

Direct Installation

Direct installation tasks typically reflect the skilled or

specialized aspect of the work performed by the trade inquestion. With carpenters, for example, direct installation

includes hammering, sawing, cutting, placing, and securing.For painters it includes painting, hanging wallpaper, taping,

mixing, and caulking. Details on direct installation are provided for each trade group in its respective profile.

Manual Materials Handling

Unlike direct installation tasks, which var

one trade to another, manual materials hathe same for each trade group and includelifting, carrying, pulling, pushing, and pry

Given the uniform nature of these activiti

descriptions are provided in the profiles f

In-Transit Activities

These activities include climbing, walkin

descending, and getting on or off equipm by personnel travelling in vehicles are cla

differentiate them from in-transit injuries

Since in-transit activities are essentially thno additional descriptions are provided in

trade.

Counting Rules and Classification

1. Counting rules were established by di

activities to be included in each classiTechnical Services staff involved. In

person classified the data according to No major inconsistencies were observ

of counting rules to test samples.




2. In addition to Direct Installation, Manual Materials

Handling, and In-Transit, another classification wasintroduced – Other. This denotes injuries which were not

directly related to construction activity or which could not be properly assigned to one of the three categories becauseof insufficient information.

3. The number of events for which the activity was “not

reported” is shown separately for each trade.

4. Some multiple counting is permitted when a reasonable

argument could be made to include the activity under morethan one classification.

For example, a worker injured while carrying an object

would be counted under both In-Transit and Manual

Materials Handling. Similarly, a worker injured whilelifting an object to install it would be counted under both

Direct Installation and Manual Materials Handling. On theother hand, a worker injured while lifting an object simply

to relocate rather than install it would be counted only

under Manual Materials Handling.

5. Prior analysis revealed that injuries related to housekeepingaffect all trades. Tripping hazards, slippery conditions,

protruding nails, and similar examples of poorhousekeeping are common on many construction projects.

To account for this factor, the claim descriptions for eachtrade group were reviewed separately under another set of

counting rules to assess the influence of poor housekeeping

on total injury experience. The results

profile for each trade.

6. Entries under the “not reported” categtables indicate a lack of detail in the scases, CSAO’s sole source of data is t

pre-selected data coming from the WSsystem does not capture the same deg

CSAO’s ACD system. In other cases

contained in the original WSIB Form

Significant Findings and Observa

From the review of detailed injury descripobservations were made for each trade gr

In some cases, the information closely ma by the ranked field data in the tables. In o

problems were only discernible by closelydescriptions.

With the larger data sets for certain trades

and pipefitters, additional observations wDifferent injury fields could be cross-refedescriptions reviewed for more specific sucarpenters injured while working on low-

projects. With limited data sets for trades

however, small numbers and diverse circumore difficult to discern crucial risk facto

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Nonetheless, the significant findings and observations for each

trade are presented in its profile.

A summary of LTIs for all of the 21 trades analyzed in the Injury Atlas appears on the next page. This provides a generalintroduction to the more specific information tabulated for each

group in the period from 1997 to 1999.

Caution

Information in the tables for each of the trades analyzed in the Injury Atlas is exclusive to the individual table. Direct

correlation between any of these tables should not be made.For instance, it cannot be said that the top two attributes in the

“Type of Accident” table were necessarily responsible for thetop two attributes in the “Part of Body” table or any other table.

[on next page include Excel file of the table

OCCUPATION - ALL CONSTRUCTION]



OCCUPATION

RECORDS 5121 5252 5133 15506

OCCURRENCES 5121 5252 5133 15506

OCCUPATION 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AV

LABOURER 905 1305 1321 3531 1

CARPENTER/WOOD WORKER 317 416 452 1185 3

ELECTRICIAN 180 236 262 678 2

PLASTERER/LATHER/DRYWALL/TAPER 94 139 128 361

PLUMBER 97 116 137 350

SHEET METAL WORKER 73 123 104 300

OPERATOR - EQUIPMENT OR MACHINE 74 127 99 300

BRICKLAYER/STONE MASON 68 125 97 290

WELDER/FLAME CUTTER 51 115 76 242

TRUCK DRIVER 55 99 82 236

PAINTER/PAPER HANGER 67 87 77 231

REFRIGERATION/AIR CONDITIONING MECHANIC 83 67 77 227

SUPERINTENDENT/FOREMAN/MANAGER 52 78 85 215 MISCELLANEOUS 35 118 51 204

STEAMFITTER/PIPEFITTER 49 73 71 193

SHINGLER (SLOPED ROOFING) 43 89 54 186

ROOFER (FLAT ROOFING) 50 74 53 177

ELECTRICIAN'S APPRENTICE 36 57 73 166

IRONWORKER/IRONWORKER'S APPRENTICE 41 52 60 153

FLOORING TRADESMAN (WOODEN FLOORS/TILES) 42 44 53 139

GLAZIER 25 62 52 139

SIDING INSTALLER/EAVESTROUGH INSTALLER 44 45 48 137

FACTORY/PLANT/SHOPWORKER 30 48 35 113

FORMSETTER 18 39 53 110 MILLWRIGHT 27 40 27 94

INSULATOR 22 29 36 87

CONCRETE & CEMENT FINISHER (FLOOR CEMENT

FINISHING) 26 30 25 81

OVERHEAD DOOR SERVICEMAN 25 24 26 75

PLUMBER'S APPRENTICE 18 23 24 65

FURNACE SERVICEMAN 14 25 25 64

OTHER 177 264 243 684 2

TOTAL 2838 4169 4006 11013 36

NOT AVAILABLE 2283 1083 1127 4493 14

OCCUPATION - All Construction 97-99 LTI Summary

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Industry Profile

The tables included in this section show the general

distribution of injuries for all of Ontario construction duringthe period from 1997 to 1999.

The tables represent data for the following fields:- project type

- construction type

- type of accident- part of body

- type or nature of injury- activity

- work surface.

These fields are defined in the Introduction. Data from the

fields can be compared with data from the injury profiles forspecific trades to determine the relative significance of

different factors.

In some cases, comparisons have already been drawn and are

included in the trade profiles.

Project Type

Residential low-rise construction (homebuilding) is the largestsector of construction. This is reflected in the injury data by the

fact that, in this set, where project-type was reported, 37.9% of all construction injuries occurred on homebuilding sites. The

distribution is consistent across most of the trade profiles aswell. The exceptions are ironworkers, boilermakers, and some

of the more specialized trades that may no

homebuilding sites. The large number of under project type reflects the fact that th

CSAO’s ACD system and this type of infalways reported on the WSIB Form 7.

Construction Type

The four most prevalent types of construc

injuries in this data set are general contracmechanical (11.8%), carpentry (9.47 %),

In the injury profiles for specific trades, cto reflect the specialized nature of the trad

type, data in this field may be incomplete problems.

Type of Accident

Overexertion is consistently the most prevreported in all construction (25.4%). This

degree of manual effort still involved in m

tasks such as materials handling and direcoften resulting in serious injuries, accoun

accidents in construction. Struck-by injurfrequent (22.3%). Slips (not falls) accoun

10.8% of all injuries.



PROJECT TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK

RECORDS 15504

OCCURRENCES 15504

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 2829 37.9% 1

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 818 11.0% 2

ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET 658 8.8% 3

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 575 7.7% 4

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 553 7.4% 5

OTHER 2035 27.2%

TOTAL 7468 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 8036

PROJECT TYPE - All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Summary

11.0%

8.8%

7.7%

7.4%

27.2%

I A L B U I L D I N G - L O W

R I S E

L I G H T I N D U S T R

I A L

R E S I D E N T I A L B U I L D I N G - L

O W

R I S E



PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 5120 5252 5132 15504

OCCURRENCES 5120 5252 5132 15504

PROJECT TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 748 1057 1024 2829 943

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 215 339 264 818 273ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET 184 238 236 658 219

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 131 238 206 575 192

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 122 231 200 553 184

INSTITUTIONAL

(SCHOOLS,PRISONS,HOSPITALS,ARMY

BASES,CHURCH,FIRE & POLICE) 92 192 146 430 143

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 112 115 67 294 98

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 46 58 83 187 62

SEWER & WATERMAIN 48 58 55 161 54

MISC. NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 40 57 52 149 50

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 33 66 37 136 45TEMPORARY AGENCY WORK 26 65 40 131 44

PIPELINE (NATURAL GAS/OIL/WATER) 25 39 31 95 32

BRIDGE 14 23 20 57 19

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 12 17 22 51 17

MINING 11 21 14 46 15

SWIMMING POOLS 6 19 18 43 14

OTHER BUILDING (BARN,GARAGE) 11 11 17 39 13

UTILITY OTHER THAN HYDRO 8 15 14 37 12

PETROCHEMICAL 4 3 19 26 9

CRUSHING PLANTS & GRAVEL PITS 3 9 9 21 7

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 11 6 4 21 7FILTRATION PLANT 9 5 5 19 6

HYDRO 6 5 8 19 6

SUBWAY 1 4 14 19 6

RAILROAD/TRACK WSORK 4 4 8 16 5

ASPHALT PLANT 3 4 2 9 3

SILO 1 3 4 8 3

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT 1 5 1 7 2

DAMS/PIERS/BREAKWATER 1 4 5 2

OTHER 3 3 3 9 3

TOTAL 1932 2914 2622 7468 2489

NOT AVAILABLE 3188 2338 2510 8036 2679

PROJECT TYPE - All Construction 97-99 LTI Summary

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CONSTRUCTION TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK

RECORDS 15504

OCCURRENCES 15504

GENERAL CONTRACTING 1524 13.0% 1

MECHANICAL (PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK) 1384 11.8% 2CARPENTRY 1115 9.5% 3

ELECTRICAL WORK 950 8.1% 4

MISC.NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 699 5.9% 5

OTHER 6096 51.8%

TOTAL 11768 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 3736

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Summa

13.0%

11.8%

9.5%

8.1%

5.9%

GENERAL CONTRACTING

MECHANICAL

(PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK)

CARPENTRY

ELECTRICAL WORK

MISC.NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

OTHER



CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 5120 5252 5132 15504

OCCURRENCES 5120 5252 5132 15504

CONSTRUCTION TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AV

GENERAL CONTRACTING 386 554 584 1524

MECHANICAL (PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK) 342 502 540 1384

CARPENTRY 312 403 400 1115

ELECTRICAL WORK 242 332 376 950

MISC.NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 185 274 240 699

MASONRY 156 244 221 621

FORMING 102 205 214 521

PLASTERING/DRYWALL 120 180 174 474

ROAD CONSTRUCTION 114 116 96 326

MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING & EQUIPMENT THEREIN 86 109 97 292

MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION 69 115 107 291

SIDING/EAVESTROUGHING/SHEET METAL 85 105 101 291

DECORATING/PAINTING 79 100 92 271 SLOPED ROOFING (SHINGLES) 59 125 82 266

PAVING/GRADING/HOT LAID ASPHALT 50 96 119 265

FLAT ROOFING 73 101 77 251

CONCRETE/CEMENT WORK/CORE DRILLING 57 72 77 206

FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER IN

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 49 101 52 202

EXCAVATION 24 76 89 189

FLOORING INSTALLATION (CARPET OR TILE) 53 57 76 186

WELDING 45 76 57 178

SEWER INSTALLATION 46 56 51 153

INSULATION/WATERPROOFING/FIREPROOFING 39 49 57 145 GLAZING/WINDOW CONSTRUCTION/REPAIR 29 53 57 139

IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE) 35 35 40 110

RESTORATION

(SANDBLASTING/RENOVATING/EXTERIOR CLEANING) 17 40 37 94

ERECTION (CONCRETE,STEEL) 23 41 28 92

OIL & GAS PIPE INSTALLATION 21 36 29 86

REFRACTORY 8 16 21 45

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLE REPAIR 10 16 13 39

OTHER 91 147 125 39

TOTAL 3007 4432 4329 11768 3

NOT AVAILABLE 2113 820 803 3736 1

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - All Construction 97-99 LTI Summary

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TYPE OF ACCIDENT COUNT PERCENT RANK

RECORDS 15504

OCCURRENCES 15848

OVEREXERTION 2933 25.4% 1

FALLS 2642 22.9% 2STRUCK BY 2575 22.3% 3

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 1244 10.8% 4

STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 529 4.6% 5

OTHER 1611 14.0%

TOTAL 11534 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 4314

TYPE OF ACCIDENT - All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Summary

22.

22.3%

10.8%

4.6%

14.0%

OVEREXERTION

FALLS

STRUCK BY

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK/THROWN

AGAINST

OTHER



TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 5120 5252 5132 15504

OCCURRENCES 5197 5392 5259 15848

TYPE OF ACCIDENT 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE

OVEREXERTION 744 1105 1084 2933 9

FALLS 715 990 937 2642 8STRUCK BY 626 1002 947 2575 8

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 330 470 444 1244 4

STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 141 196 192 529 1

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR BETWEEN 123 190 211 524 1

TRIP OVER 47 110 109 266

STEPPED/KNELT ON 58 78 56 192

VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS 45 53 60 158

CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE 34 58 48 140

CONTACT WITH ELECTRIC CURRENT 32 31 42 105

CONTACT/EXPOSURE DUST,FUMES,CAUSTIC

TOXIC,NOXIOUS OR OTHER HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCES 16 27 26 69

CONTACT/EXPOSURE TO RADIATIONS 9 38 15 62

RUBBED OR ABRADED 20 28 12 60

CONTACT WITH,EXPOSURE TO NOISE (EARS ONLY) 8 6 14

EXPLOSION 1 2 11 14

BITE OR STING 1 3 2 6

HEART ATTACK 1 0 0 1

TOTAL 2951 4387 4196 11534 38

NOT AVAILABLE 2246 1005 1063 4314 14

TYPE OF ACCIDENT - All Construction 97-99 LTI Summary

20




PART OF BODY COUNT PERCENT RANK

RECORDS 15504

OCCURRENCES 16832

BACK/SPINE 2952 23.7% 1

FINGERS 841 6.7% 2HANDS 838 6.7% 3

ANKLE 798 6.4%4

SHOULDERS 797 6.4% 5

OTHER 6241 50.1%

TOTAL 12467 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 4365

PART OF BODY - All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Summary

23.7%

6.7%

6.7%

6.4%

6.4%

BACK/SPINE

FINGERS

HANDS

ANKLE

SHOULDERS

OTHER



PART OF BODY

RECORDS 5120 5252 5132 15504

OCCURRENCES 5545 5712 5574 16832

PART OF BODY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AV

BACK/SPINE 822 1158 972 2952 9

FINGERS 203 303 335 841 2HANDS 209 309 320 838 2

ANKLE 195 338 265 798 2

SHOULDERS 233 258 306 797 2

KNEE 193 316 278 787 2

LEG/THIGH 220 243 225 688 2

ARM 197 227 223 647 2

EYES 127 253 174 554

WRIST 133 200 213 546

FOOT 137 190 164 491

SKULL & SCALP 114 130 150 394

CHEST/RIBS 105 136 119 360 THUMBS 81 112 104 297

ELBOW 50 97 99 246

NECK 76 54 69 199

FACE/LIPS/CHIN 56 34 60 150

HIPS/PELVIS 34 48 45 127

HEEL 30 31 39 100

METATARSAL (UPPER FOOT) 24 34 39 97

GROIN 25 38 31 94

GENERAL BODY INJURY (EG ELECTRIC SHOCK) 22 49 22 93

TOES 22 25 21 68

TRUNK AREA NA 22 29 10 61 ABDOMEN 17 17 20 54

NOSE & THROAT 4 17 15 36

SOLE 15 11 10 36

RESPIRATORY (EG LUNGS) 8 10 16 34

EARS 10 12 2 24

BUTTOCKS 9 6 4 19

OTHER 9 21 8 39

TOTAL 3402 4706 4358 12467 4

NOT AVAILABLE 2143 1006 1216 4365 14

PART OF BODY - All Construction 97-99 LTI Summary

22




INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 5120 5252 5132 15504

OCCURRENCES 5246 5430 5313 15989

INJURY TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AV

SPRAIN/STRAIN 495 1095 723 2313

FRACTURE 305 583 443 1331 CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 280 433 421 1134

ACHE/PAIN 261 249 359 869

CONTUSIONBRUISED, BUT SURFACE INTACT 73 243 127 443

IRRITATION OR PARTICLE IN EYE 103 180 147 430

PUNCTURE 71 96 102 269

BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 39 64 56 159

DISLOCATION/LOCKED JOINT 27 44 57 128

SCRATCHES/ABRASIONS/ SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS 25 53 33 111

HERNIA/RUPTURE 32 51 27 110

TORN LIGAMENTS OR CARTILAGE 22 31 28 81

AMPUTATION 12 28 32 72 CRUSH 20 22 21 63

OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS NEC 11 22 28 61

WELDING FLASH/ELETRICAL FLASH 10 36 12 58

BURN (ELECTRICAL) 15 20 19 54

TENDONITIS OR TENOSYNOVITIS 12 22 19 53

PINCHED NERVE 9 18 25 52

ELECTRICAL SHOCK 16 15 15 46

CONCUSSION 10 18 15 43

RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS 8 11 14 33

MULTIPLE INJURIES 3 12 3 18

BURN (CHEMICAL) 4 7 6 17

HEARING LOSS (LONG TERM) 8 6 14

DERMATITIS/RASH 3 8 2 13

INTERNAL INJURIES 2 7 2 11

NUMBNESS DUE TO DIRECT INJURY 2 5 2 9

BITES/STINGS 1 3 2 6

BURSITIS (KNEES, ELBOWS, SHOULDERS) 1 2 3 6

OTHER 15 7 21 43

TOTAL 1895 3391 2764 8050 2

NOT AVAILABLE 3351 2039 2549 7939 2

INJURY TYPE - All Construction 97-99 LTI Summary

24




ACTIVITY COUNT PERCENT RANK

RECORDS 15504

OCCURRENCES 15504

LIFTING 1213 11.1% 1

INSTALLING 829 7.6% 2WALKING 829 7.6% 3

CARRYING 663 6.1% 4

CUTTING 590 5.4% 5

OTHER 6779 62.2%

TOTAL 10903 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 4601

ACTIVITY - All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Summary

11.1%

7.6%

7.6%

6.1%

5.4%

LIFTING

INSTALLING

WALKING

CARRYING

CUTTING

OTHER

ACTIVITY All C t ti 97 99 LTI S



ACTIVITY

RECORDS 5120 5252 5132 15504

OCCURRENCES 5120 5252 5132 15504

ACTIVITY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE

LIFTING 314 476 423 1213 4

INSTALLING 212 312 305 829 2WALKING 217 314 298 829 2

CARRYING 164 249 250 663 2

CUTTING 136 223 231 590 1

MOVING 157 200 180 537 1

DESCENDING 132 171 168 471 1

REMOVING 99 156 152 407 1

HAMMERING 96 160 150 406 1

HANDLING 79 114 112 305 1

STANDING 75 106 102 283

CLIMBING 69 100 106 275

UNLOADING 79 86 105 270 PULLING 66 90 89 245

LOADING 53 72 61 186

DISMOUNTING (FROM EQUIPMENT) 37 69 62 168

OPERATING 48 71 39 158

DRILLING 25 55 71 151

SHOVELLING 37 47 63 147

PLACING 40 52 45 137

REPAIRING 35 50 46 131

DRIVING 44 39 47 130

PUSHING 36 44 40 120

CLEANING 27 45 42 114

WELDING 25 46 37 108

LAYING 29 44 34 107

PAINTING 27 42 33 102

SECURING 24 38 40 102

APPLYING 23 33 36 92

HOLDING 23 27 37 87

OTHER 377 608 555 1540 5

TOTAL 2805 4139 3959 10903 36

NOT AVAILABLE 2315 1113 1173 4601 15

ACTIVITY - All Construction 97-99 LTI Summary

26

A L L C O N S T R U

C T I O N

WORK SURFACE All C t ti 97 99 T t l LTI S



WORK SURFACE COUNT PERCENT RANK

RECORDS 15504

OCCURRENCES 15504

GROUND 3381 32.9% 1

FLOOR 2279 22.2% 2LADDER-PORTABLE 982 9.6% 3

ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 675 6.6% 4

BUILDING FLOOR-UNDER CONSTRUCTION 474 4.6% 5

OTHER 2481 24.2%

TOTAL 10272 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 5232

WORK SURFACE - All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Summary

22.2%

9.6%

6.6%

4.6%

24.2

GROUND

FLOOR

LADDER-PORTABLE

ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING

LOT

BUILDING FLOOR-UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

OTHER

WORK SURFACE All Construction 97 99 LTI Summary



WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 5120 5252 5132 15504

OCCURRENCES 5120 5252 5132 15504

WORK SURFACE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AV

GROUND 746 1204 1431 3381 1

FLOOR 721 917 641 2279 7LADDER-PORTABLE 246 388 348 982 3

ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 214 256 205 675 2

BUILDING FLOOR-UNDER CONSTRUCTION 111 175 188 474

SCAFFOLD-SUPPORTED FROM BELOW 121 172 155 448

STAIRS/STEPS 80 126 118 324

ROOF-SLOPED 48 110 77 235

HEAVY MOBILE EQUIPMENT & MACHINERY 50 63 54 167

MOTOR VEHICLE 45 59 56 160

ROOF-FLAT 47 64 44 155

WOOD SKELETON STRUCTURE 34 38 33 105

TRAILER OR TRUCK PLATFORM 27 34 35 96 TRENCH/DITCH 18 31 33 82

PLANK 19 23 27 69

MISCELLANEOUS 3 34 27 64

RAMP/CATWALK 18 19 15 52

ELEVATING DEVICE-WORKMAN OR PERSONNEL 10 19 18 47

PLATFORM 8 25 12 45

EXCAVATION/PIT 11 15 13 39

SIDEWALK/PATH/WALKWAY 4 18 11 33

TOP OF WALL 5 17 10 32

BENCH/CHAIR ETC. 8 11 12 31

ROOF-TYPE UNKNOWN 5 13 8 26

PILED MATERIAL/HAND TOOLS 9 4 11 24

STAGING-SUSPENDED FROM ABOVE 9 6 8 23

VEHICLE STEP 2 12 9 23

CRAWL SPACE-E.G. BASEMENTS,FALSE

CEILINGS,UNDERNEATH A HOUSE, ETC 10 3 7 20

STATIONARY MACHINERY 7 7 4 18

UNDER EQUIPMENT OR VEHICLE 2 8 8 18

OTHER 43 51 51 145

TOTAL 2681 3922 3669 10272 34

NOT AVAILABLE 2439 1330 1463 5232 17

WORK SURFACE - All Construction 97-99 LTI Summary

28

A L L C O N S T R U

C T I O N

BBOOIILLEERRMMAAKKEERRSS



LTIs according to major tasks:

Direct installation for boilermakers includes assembly,

installation, removal, retrofit, and welding of heating vessels, boilers, and chimneys. Pushing and moving metal parts into place

is considered direct installation and, depending on circumstances,may also be included under materials handling.

LTIs due to poor housekeep

Only one injury (2% of total L

housekeeping. This suggests that bogood housekeeping practices on sites.

Observations:

Boilermakers work in industrial setData in this analysis reflects construc

are based on a relatively small numbesmall changes in the number of i

percentages shown.

The main occupational hazards wefindings are described below.

1. Direct Installation – Direct instaof all LTIs to boilermakers. How

body part injured—back/spine—

of these installation injuries.

RISK

ACTIVITIES 1997 1998 1999

3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%MATERIALSHANDLING 4 3 7 14 25%

IN TRANSIT 1 6 3 10 18%

DIRECTINSTALLATION 5 13 10 28 50%

OTHER 1 2 3 6 11%

NOT REPORTED 0 1 1 2 4%

TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 11 25 24 60 107%

TOTAL LTIs 9 24 23 56

LTIs 1997 1998 Related to poor

housekeeping 0 1

TOTAL LTIs 9 24

BBOOIILLEERRMMAAKKEERRSS



In the trade, struck-by injuries accounted for 22% of all LTIs.

Of these, 36% were direct installation injuries. Struck-byinjuries caused fracture 42% of the time and resulted from

several causes, including objects falling, workers contacting

objects, and particle entering the eye.

Other LTIs during direct installation were not clearlyattributable to specific task or injury categories because of the

small numbers involved.

2. Materials Handling – This activity accounted for 25% of all

LTIs in the trade. Back/spine was the most common body part injured (36% of all LTIs). Of these, 55% occurred during

materials handling. Of note is that 78% of all materials

handling injuries occurred to the back/spine. Overexertionwas reported in 55% of all back/spine injuries. The activities

indicated in back/spine LTIs were broadly based, with theexception of lifting and carrying, which, when combined,

accounted for nearly 40%.

3. In Transit – In-transit activities include walking and

climbing (often on ladders) and accounted for 18% of allLTIs to boilermakers. Ladders were reported in 50% of in-

transit injuries. Falls were recorded as the third most common

type of accident (16% of all LTIs) and were cited also in 50%of in-transit injuries. Injuries involving both a fall and aladder represented 60% of the fall injuries in transit.

Note: Approximately one quarter of

contains injuries recorded as “large number of unknowns, ca

when using comparisons based

30

B O I L E R M A K

E R S

Project Type - Boilermakers vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Su




ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCENT

RECORDS 56 15504

OCCURRENCES 56 15504

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 17 36.2% 1 294 3.9%LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 15 31.9% 2 553 7.4%

PETROCHEMICAL 5 10.6% 3 0 0.0%

HYDRO 3 6.4% 4 19 0.3%

INSTITUTIONAL 3 6.4% 5 430 5.8%

OTHER 4 8.5%

TOTAL 47 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 9

Project Type Boilermakers vs All Construction 97 99 Total LTI Su

31.9

10.6%

6.4%

6.4%

8.5%

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

PETROCHEMICAL

HYDRO

INSTITUTIONAL

OTHER

Project Type - Boilermakers 97-99 LTI Summary



PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 9 24 23 56

OCCURRENCES 9 24 23 56



LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 2 10 3 15 5 PETROCHEMICAL 1 4 5 2

HYDRO 1 2 3 1

INSTITUTIONAL 1 1 1 3 1

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 1 1 0

NUCLEAR 1 1 0

OTHER BUILDING (BARN,GARAGE) 1 1 0

SILO 1 1 0

TOTAL 5 23 19 47 16

NOT AVAILABLE 4 1 4 9 3

j yp y

32

B O I L E R M A K

E R S

Construction Type - Boilermakers vs All Construction 97-99 Total L




ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 56 15504


MECHANICAL (PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK) 20 35.7% 1 1384 11MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING & EQUIPMENT THEREIN 12 21.4% 2 292 2

MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION 11 19.6% 3 291 2

REFRACTORY 6 10.7% 4 45 0

ELECTRICAL WORK 3 5.4% 5 950 8

OTHER 1 7.1%

TOTAL 56 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 0

21.4%

19.6%

10.7%

5.4%

7.1%

MECHANICAL


MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING &

EQUIPMENT THEREIN

MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT

INSTALLATION

REFRACTORY

ELECTRICAL WORK

OTHER

Construction Type - Boilermakers 97-99 LTI Summary



CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 9 24 23 56




MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING & EQUIPMENT THEREIN 3 6 3 12 MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION 1 3 7 11

REFRACTORY 5 1 6

ELECTRICAL WORK 1 2 3

FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER - SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 1 1

GENERAL CONTRACTING 1 1

IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE) 1 1

RESTORATION (SANDBLASTING/RENOVATING/ETC) 1 1

TOTAL 9 24 23 56

NOT AVAILABLE 0 0 0 0

34

B O I L E R M A K

E R S

Type of Accident - Boilermakers vs All Construction 97-99 Total LT




ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCEN

RECORDS 56 15504


OVEREXERTION 14 25.5% 1 2933 25.4STRUCK BY 12 21.8% 2 2575 22.3

FALLS 9 16.4% 3 2642 22.9

CONTACT/EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 5 9.1% 4 69 0.6

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 5 9.1% 5 1244 10.8

OTHER 10 18.2%

TOTAL 55 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 3

21.8

16.4%

9.1%

9.1%

18.2%

OVEREXERTION

STRUCK BY

FALLS

CONTACT/EXPOSURE TO

HAZARDOUS

SUBSTANCES

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

OTHER



Part of Body - Boilermakers vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI S




ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 56 15504


BACK/SPINE 21 36.2% 1 2952 23.RESP 5 8.6% 2 34 0.

ARMS 4 6.9%3 647 5.

CHST 4 6.9% 4 360 2.

KNEE 4 6.9% 5 787 6.

OTHER 20 34.5%

TOTAL 58 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 4

8.6%

6.9%

6.9%

6.9%

BACK/SPINE

RESP

ARMS

CHST

KNEE

OTHER

PART OF BODY

Part of Body - Boilermakers 97-99 LTI Summary



PART OF BODY

RECORDS 9 24 23 56



BACK/SPINE 3 9 9 21

RESP 0 3 2 5 ARMS 2 1 1 4

CHST 0 2 2 4

KNEE 1 1 2 4

FNGR 0 2 1 3

HAND 0 2 0 2

LEGS 0 1 1 2

SHOU 0 0 2 2

SKLL 1 1 0 2

WRST 0 0 2 2

ANKL 0 1 0 1

BODY 0 1 0 1

EARS 1 0 0 1

ELBO 0 1 0 1

EYES 0 1 0 1

HIPS 0 0 1 1

NOSE 0 0 1 1

TOTAL 8 26 24 58


38

B O I L E R M A K E R S

Injury Type - Boilermakers vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI S



INJURY TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK

ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 56 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 11 26.2% 1 2313 28 ACHE/PAIN 7 16.7%2 869 10

FRACTURE 7 16.7% 3 1331 16

BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 5 11.9% 4 159 2

RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS 5 11.9% 5 33 0

OTHER 7 16.7%

TOTAL 42 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 16

16.7%

16.7%

11.9%

11.9%

16.7%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

ACHE/PAIN

FRACTURE

BURN (SCALD) HOT

SUBSTANCES

RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS

OTHER

INJURY TYPE

Injury Type - Boilermakers 97-99 LTI Summary



RECORDS 9 24 23 56



SPRAIN/STRAIN 1 7 3 11

ACHE/PAIN 2 1 4 7 FRACTURE 0 5 2 7



CONTUSION BRUISED, BUT SURFACE INTACT 0 3 0 3

AMPUTATION 0 0 1 1

HEARING LOSS (LONG TERM) 1 0 0 1



TOTAL 4 22 16 42


40


Activity - Boilermakers vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Sum




ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCEN

RECORDS 56 15504


LIFTING 5 10.4%1 1213 11.WALKING 4 8.3% 2 829 7.6

WELDING 4 8.3% 3 108 1.0

CARRYING 3 6.3% 4 663 6.1

DESCENDING 3 6.3% 5 471 4.3

OTHER 29 60.4%

TOTAL 48 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 8

10.4%

8.3%

8.3%

6.3%

6.3%

LIFTING

WALKING

WELDING

CARRYING

DESCENDING

OTHER

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 9 24 23 56

Activity - Boilermakers 97-99 LTI Summary



RECORDS 9 24 23 56



LIFTING 5 5

WALKING 1 2 1 4

WELDING 1 1 2 4 CARRYING 2 1 3

DESCENDING 1 2 3

HANDLING 2 1 3

INSTALLING 3 3

MOVING 1 1 1 3

CLIMBING 1 1 2

CUTTING 1 1 2

CLOSING 1 1

DISMANTLING 1 1

DRILLING 1 1

DRIVING 1 1 GUIDING 1 1

HAMMERING 1 1

HEATING 1 1

HOLDING 1 1

KNEELING 1 1

LOADING 1 1

MOUNTING (OF EQUIPMENT) 1 1

OPERATING 1 1

PLACING 1 1

PULLING 1 1

RAISING 1 1 REMOVING 1 1

TOTAL 8 20 20 48


42


ALL CONST

Work Surface - Boilermakers vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI S




ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 56 15504


FLOOR 20 41.7% 1 2279 22.

GROUND 16 33.3% 2 3381 32.

LADDER-PORTABLE 5 10.4% 3 982 9.

MOTOR VEHICLE 1 2.1% 4 160 1.

PLATFORM 1 2.1% 5 45 0.

OTHER 5 10.4%

TOTAL 48 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 8

33.3%

10.4%

2.1%

2.1%

10.4%

FLOOR

GROUND

LADDER-PORTABLE

MOTOR VEHICLE

PLATFORM

OTHER

WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 9 24 23 56

Work Surface - Boilermakers 97-99 LTI Summary



RECORDS 9 24 23 56



FLOOR 4 11 5 20

GROUND 2 5 9 16

LADDER-PORTABLE 1 3 1 5

MOTOR VEHICLE 1 1

PLATFORM 1 1

ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 1 1

ROOF-FLAT 1 1

SCAFFOLD-SUPPORTED FROM BELOW 1 1

STAIRS/STEPS 1 1

STATIONARY MACHINERY 1 1

TOTAL 8 21 19 48


44




BBRRIICCKKLLAAYYEERRSS



Twenty-seven percent (27%) of LTIs during manual materialshandling were related to slips and falls. Accident descriptions

revealed that the majority of the LTIs were related to loading of

brick/block, lifting planks, and setting up scaffolds.

Direct installation:Direct installation (32% of all LTIs) is the second highest risk

activity for this trade. Workers were injured mostly on ground,

planks, and scaffolds—the most common work platform used inthe trade. Injuries from slips and falls were the most prevalent

during direct installation (29%). Struck-by and overexertioninjuries accounted for 28% and 23% respectively of total direct

installation LTIs. The majority of struck-by LTIs were due to

falling objects from above, such as bricks, blocks, and hammers.Overexertion injuries were largely due to repeated twisting and

over-reaching as bricklayers lift and lay block or brick. Theinjuries were largely to back, shoulder, and arm.

In-Transit:

In-transit activities presented the third highest risk among

bricklayers—16% of all LTIs. Slips and falls were the mostcommon type of accident (74% of all in-transit LTIs). Many of

the slips and falls (52%) occurred when workers were walking on

ground and planks. 35% of the slips and falls occurred whenworkers were climbing and jumping off scaffolds and ladders.

Additional Observations:

Scaffold-related injuries are significan

two-thirds of the falls were to a difscaffolds. Falling on or from scaffo

and knee injuries. Of these fall injuworkers were in-transit, 10.3% durin

9.1% while laying brick or block. Fur

most fall LTIs (69%) occurred in the l

Objects falling from above (such ashammers) caused 47% of the struck

Typical injury types were contusion

struck-by LTIs were to the finger andresearch determined that protective

most of these eye injuries.

Bricklayers incurred more overexerticonstruction (32% versus 25%). 62%

the back; 35% involved the shoulder

incidence of these injuries is proportspend on direct installation and mater

46

B R I C K L A Y

E R S

PROJECT TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK All CONST. PERCENT

PROJECT TYPE - Bricklayers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summary



RECORDS 314 15504


RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 85 59.0% 1 2829 37.9%

INSTITUTIONAL 25 17.4% 2 430 5.8%

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 15 10.4% 3 294 3.9%

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 10 6.9% 4 575 7.7%

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 6 4.2% 5 553 7.4%

OTHER 3 2.1%

TOTAL 144 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 170

5

17.4%

10.4%

6.9%

4.2%

2.1%

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-

LOW RISE

INSTITUTIONAL

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-

LOW RISE

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 73 132 109 314

PROJECT TYPE - Bricklayers 97-99 LTI Summary




PROJECT TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3y






COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 2 2 1

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 1 1 0

TOTAL 34 62 48 144 48


48

B R I C K L A Y

E R S

CONSTRUCTION TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK All CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 314 15504

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Bricklayers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Sum



RECORDS 314 15504


MASONRY 287 91.7% 1 621 5

REFRACTORY 10 3.2% 2 45 0

GENERAL CONTRACTING 8 2.6% 3 1524 13

RESTORATION 4 1.3% 4 94 0

CONCRETE & CEMENT FINISHING 1 0.3% 5 31 0

OTHER 3 1.0%

TOTAL 313 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 1

3.2%

2.6%

1.3%

0.3%

1.0%

MASONRY

REFRACTORY

GENERAL CONTRACTING

RESTORATION

CONCRETE & CEMENT

FINISHING

OTHER

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 74 132 108 314


CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Bricklayers 97-99 LTI Summary





MASONRY 69 120 98 287

REFRACTORY 2 3 5 10


RESTORATION

(SANDBLASTING/RENOVATING/EXTERIOR CLEANING) 3 1 4

CONCRETE & CEMENT FINISHING (CEMENT FLOOR

FINISHING) 1 1

CONCRETE/CEMENT WORK/CORE DRILLING 1 1

MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION 1 1

SIDING/EAVESTROUGHING/SHEET METAL 1 1

TOTAL 73 132 108 313


50

B R I C K L A Y

E R S

TYPE OF ACCIDENT COUNT PERCENT RANK All CONST. PERCEN

RECORDS 314 15504

TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Bricklayers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summ



RECORDS 314 15504


OVEREXERTION 97 31.9% 1 2933 25.4

FALLS 92 30.3% 2 2642 22.9

STRUCK BY 53 17.4% 3 2575 22.3

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 21 6.9% 4 1244 10.8

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR BETWEEN 16 5.3% 5 524 4.5

OTHER 25 8.2%

TOTAL 304 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 21

17.4%

6.9%

5.3%

8.2%

OVEREXERTION

FALLS

STRUCK BY

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR

BETWEEN

OTHER

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 74 132 108 314


TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Bricklayers 97-99 LTI Summary




OVEREXERTION 22 37 38 97

FALLS 24 41 27 92

STRUCK BY 11 24 18 53 SLIP (NOT A FALL) 3 9 9 21

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR BETWEEN 2 4 10 16

TRIP OVER 4 5 3 12


STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 0 2 2 4


EXPLOSION 0 0 1 1


TOTAL 68 127 109 304 1


52

B R I C K L A Y E R S

PART OF BODY COUNT PERCENT RANK All CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 314 15504

PART OF BODY - Bricklayers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summa




BACK/SPINE 95 29.1% 1 2952 23.

SHOULDERS 31 9.5% 2 797 6.

ARM 25 7.7% 3 647 5.HANDS 23 7.1% 4 838 6.

KNEE 22 6.7% 5 787 6.

OTHER 130 39.9%

TOTAL 326 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 25

29.1%

9.5%

7.7%

7.1%

6.7%

BACK/SPINE

SHOULDERS

ARM

HANDS

KNEE

OTHER

PART OF BODY

RECORDS 74 132 108 314


PART OF BODY - Bricklayers 97-99 LTI Summary




BACK/SPINE 23 41 31 95

SHOULDERS 9 13 9 31

ARM 9 9 7 25 HANDS 9 7 7 23

KNEE 5 8 9 22

EYES 4 7 4 15

LEG/THIGH 3 5 6 14

SKULL & SCALP 6 5 3 14

WRIST 2 6 5 13

FINGERS 2 6 4 12

ELBOW 2 3 5 10

FOOT 1 6 3 10

ANKLE 0 6 2 8

CHEST/RIBS 2 1 4 7 THUMBS 2 3 1 6

NECK 2 0 3 5

TRUNK AREA NA 0 2 1 3

ABDOMEN 0 1 1 2

GROIN 1 0 1 2





HEEL 0 1 0 1

HIPS/PELVIS 0 0 1 1 JAW 0 0 1 1

TOTAL 83 131 112 326


54


INJURY TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK All CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 314 15504


INJURY TYPE - Bricklayers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summa




SPRAIN/STRAIN 50 25.3% 1 2313 28

ACHE/PAIN 41 20.7% 2 869 10

CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 23 11.6% 3 1134 14FRACTURE 23 11.6% 4 1331 16

CONTUSION BRUISED, BUT SURFACE INTACT 22 11.1% 5 443 5

OTHER 39 19.7%

TOTAL 198 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 243

20.7%

11.6%

11.6%

11.1%

19.7%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

ACHE/PAIN

CUT/LACERATION

INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH

FRACTURE

CONTUSION BRUISED, BUT

SURFACE INTACT

OTHER



ACTIVITY COUNT PERCENT RANK All CONST. PERCEN

RECORDS 314 15504


ACTIVITY - Bricklayers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summary




LAYING 66 24.2% 1 107 1.0

LIFTING 58 21.2% 2 1213 11.

WALKING 26 9.5% 3 829 7.6DESCENDING 12 4.4% 4 471 4.3

CARRYING 10 3.7% 5 663 6.1

OTHER 101 37.0%

TOTAL 273 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 41

24.2%

21.2%

9.5%

4.4%

3.7%

LAYING

LIFTING

WALKING

DESCENDING

CARRYING

OTHER

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 73 132 108 314


ACTIVITY - Bricklayers 97-99 LTI Summary




LAYING 14 29 23 66

LIFTING 13 22 23 58

WALKING 9 9 8 26 DESCENDING 1 4 7 12

CARRYING 2 7 1 10

MOVING 2 4 4 10

PLACING 5 3 1 9

CLIMBING 1 3 4 8

HAMMERING 2 3 2 7

REMOVING 1 2 4 7

STANDING 3 4 7

CUTTING 2 3 1 6

ERECTING 2 2 4

INSTALLING 1 3 4 BREAKING 1 1 1 3

CLEANING 2 1 3

HANDLING 1 2 3

JUMPING 1 2 3

APPLYING 2 2

CLOSING 1 1 2

DISMANTLING 2 2

GUIDING 1 1 2

PULLING 2 2

CRAWLING 1 1

DISMOUNTING (FROM EQUIPMENT) 1 1 DRIVING 1 1

DUMPING 1 1

FINISHING CONCRETE/PARGING 1 1

GRINDING 1 1

HOUSEKEEPING 1 1

LOADING 1 1

MIXING 1 1

OTHER 4 2 2 8

TOTAL 63 112 98 273


58




WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 73 132 108 314


WORK SURFACE - Bricklayers 97-99 LTI Summary




GROUND 29 48 45 122


FLOOR 5 7 4 16 PLANK 1 5 3 9

LADDER-PORTABLE 5 2 7

BUILDING FLOOR-UNDER CONSTRUCTION 2 1 3

PLATFORM 3 3

STAIRS/STEPS 1 1 2

TRAILER OR TRUCK PLATFORM 1 1 2

HEAVY MOBILE EQUIPMENT & MACHINERY 1 1


ROOF-SLOPED 1 1

ROOF-TYPE UNKNOWN 1 1

STATIONARY MACHINERY 1 1 WET CONCRETE 1 1

TOTAL 54 104 83 241


60

B R I C K L A

Y E R S

CCAARRPPEENNTTEERRSS

LTIs according to major tasks: LTIs due to poor housekeep



Direct installation tasks in carpentry include the assembly and

disassembly of scaffolding, formwork, hammering, cuttinglumber, assembly of wall and roof frames, and installation of

windows and doors.

Poor housekeeping was responsible

carpenters. Of these, 13 were trips a

equipment, and 12 were trips and slip

Observations:

The main occupational hazards categorized as follows.

1. Direct installation – This activity

the LTIs in the trade. Where pinjuries to fingers occur in 15% o

13%. Being struck by objects is t

of accident at 37%, and falls are causing accidents. The nature of in

in 30% of direct installation inidentified, cuts were reported in 2

fractures combine for 30% of defi

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%

MATERIALSHANDLING 71 98 98 267 21%

IN TRANSIT 49 75 80 204 16%

DIRECT

INSTALLATION 197 240 259 696 56%

OTHER 7 13 12 32 3%

NOT REPORTED 8 24 28 60 5%TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 332 450 477 1259 101%

TOTAL LTIs 332 441 471 1244

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 7 15

TOTAL LTIs 332 441

CCAARRPPEENNTTEERRSS

2. Materials Handling – This activity accounted for 21% of the

LTIs to carpenters. The body part primarily injured was theb k t 45% Th t f i j i t l l d fi d i



back at 45%. The nature of injury is not clearly defined in

36% of the cases, but where it is reported, sprains occurred in

45% of cases and aches in 25%. Overexertion is the majortype of accident during materials handling at 63%. Struck-by,

falls, and slips all occur evenly, each at 11%.

3. In Transit – 16% of the LTIs in the trade occur during this

phase of work. The accident type most frequent is falls at45%, followed by slips at 29%. The nature of injury is not

identified in 35% of in-transit injuries. When it is reported,sprains prevail in 40% of cases and fractures in 27%. The

ankle is the body part most often injured, as reported in 17%of cases.

The occupational hazards identified above are based on the factthat 74% of injuries to carpenters occur in the low-rise residential

sector, which is where the bulk of their work takes place.

62

C A R P E N T E R S



PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 332 441 471 1244

OCCURRENCES 332 441 471 1244


Project Type - Carpenters '97 - '99 LTI Summary






SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 12 18 17 47 16 INSTITUTIONAL 6 19 10 35 12



COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 6 7 4 17 6


ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET 5 3 4 12 4

TEMPORARY AGENCY WORK 3 2 5 10 3

OTHER BUILDING (BARN,GARAGE) 2 1 4 7 2


SUBWAY 0 1 5 6 2

BRIDGE 1 1 3 5 2FILTRATION PLANT 3 1 4 1

MINING 1 1 2 4 1




HYDRO 0 1 0 1 0

NUCLEAR 0 0 1 1 0

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 0 1 0 1 0

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT 0 1 0 1 0


TOTAL 274 367 385 1026 342


64

C A R P E N

T E R S



CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 332 441 471 1244

OCCURRENCES 332 441 471 1244

CONSTRUCTION TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3yr PCT

Construction Type - Carpenters '97 - '99 LTI Summary



CARPENTRY 215 274 267 756 252 61.0%

GENERAL CONTRACTING 62 81 116 259 86 20.9%

FORMING 13 35 36 84 28 6.8% PLASTERING/DRYWALL 6 11 14 31 10 2.5%

MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIE 10 8 7 25 8 2.0%

FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER IN SH 3 9 8 20 7 1.6%

ACOUSTIC/SUSPENDED CEILING WOR 3 2 4 9 3 0.7%

MECHANICAL (PLUMBING,STEAMFITTI 6 0 3 9 3 0.7%

CONCRETE/CEMENT WORK/CORE DRI 3 2 1 6 2 0.5%

MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT INSTALLAT 2 1 2 5 2 0.4%

FLOORING INSTALLATION (CARPET O 0 2 2 4 1 0.3%

PAVING/GRADING/HOT LAID ASPHALT 0 2 2 4 1 0.3%

RESTORATION (SANDBLASTING/RENO 0 3 1 4 1 0.3%

FLAT ROOFING 1 1 1 3 1 0.2% REFRACTORY 0 2 1 3 1 0.2%

SIDING/EAVESTROUGHING/SHEET ME 2 0 1 3 1 0.2%

IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE) 0 1 1 2 1 0.2%

ROAD CONSTRUCTION 1 0 1 2 1 0.2%

SLOPED ROOFING (SHINGLES) 0 1 1 2 1 0.2%

DECORATING/PAINTING 1 0 0 1 0 0.1%

ELECTRICAL WORK 0 1 0 1 0 0.1%

GLAZING/WINDOW CONSTRUCTION/R 0 1 0 1 0 0.1%

INSULATION/WATERPROOFING/FIREP 0 1 0 1 0 0.1%

MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING & EQUIP 0 1 0 1 0 0.1%

OIL & GAS PIPE INSTALLATION 1 0 0 1 0 0.1%

SEWER INSTALLATION 1 0 0 1 0 0.1%

TUNNELLING 0 1 0 1 0 0.1%

TOTAL 330 440 469 1239 413 100.0%


66

C A R P E N

T E R S

TYPE OF ACCIDENT COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCENT

RECORDS 1244 15504


FALLS 340 28 1% 1 2642 22 9%

Type of Accident - Carpenters vs. All Construction '97 - '99 LTI Summ



FALLS 340 28.1% 1 2642 22.9%

STRUCK BY 316 26.1% 2 2575 22.3%

OVEREXERTION 269 22.2% 3 2933 25.4%SLIP (NOT A FALL) 131 10.8% 4 1244 10.8%

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR BETWEEN 59 4.9% 5 524 4.5%

OTHER 97 8.0%

TOTAL 1212 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 64

28.1

26.1%

22.2%

10.8%

4.9%

8.0%

FALLS

STRUCK BY

OVEREXERTION

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR

BETWEEN

OTHER

28

%

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 332 441 471 1244

OCCURRENCES 340 456 480 1276

TYPE OF ACCIDENT 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3yr PCT R

FALLS 95 112 133 340 113 28 1%

Type of Accident - Carpenters '97 - '99 LTI Summary



FALLS 95 112 133 340 113 28.1%

STRUCK BY 96 108 112 316 105 26.1%

OVEREXERTION 66 103 100 269 90 22.2% SLIP (NOT A FALL) 37 55 39 131 44 10.8%

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR BETWEEN 12 21 26 59 20 4.9%

STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 10 9 17 36 12 3.0%

STEPPED/KNELT ON 7 13 6 26 9 2.1%

TRIP OVER 1 9 8 18 6 1.5%

RUBBED OR ABRADED 1 2 3 6 2 0.5%

CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE 1 0 2 3 1 0.2%

CONTACT WITH,EXPOSURE TO NOIS 1 2 0 3 1 0.2%

VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS 0 2 1 3 1 0.2%

CONTACT WITH ELECTRIC CURRENT 0 1 0 1 0 0.1%

CONTACT/EXPOSURE DUST,FUMES,C 1 0 0 1 0 0.1%

TOTAL 328 437 447 1212 404 100.0%


68

C A R P E N

T E R S

PART OF BODY COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCENT

RECORDS 1244 15504


BACK/SPINE 259 20 3% 1 2952 23 7%

Part of Body - Carpenters vs. All Construction '97 - '99 LTI Summary



BACK/SPINE 259 20.3% 1 2952 23.7%

FINGERS 115 9.0% 2 841 6.7%

KNEE 85 6.6% 3 787 6.3% ANKLE 84 6.6%4 798 6.4%

SHOULDERS 78 6.1% 5 797 6.4%

OTHER 658 51.4%

TOTAL 1279 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 79

20.3%

9.0%

6.6%

6.6%

6.1%

51.4%

BACK/SPINE

FINGERS

KNEE

ANKLE

SHOULDERS

OTHER

PART OF BODY

RECORDS 332 441 471 1244

OCCURRENCES 361 477 520 1358

PART OF BODY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3yr PCT RA

BACK/SPINE 69 96 94 259 86 20.3%

Part of Body - Carpenters '97 - '99 LTI Summary



BACK/SPINE 69 96 94 259 86 20.3%

FINGERS 28 31 56 115 38 9.0%

KNEE 14 29 42 85 28 6.6% ANKLE 20 30 34 84 28 6.6%

SHOULDERS 19 27 32 78 26 6.1%

WRIST 21 27 29 77 26 6.0%

ARM 19 27 29 75 25 5.9%

HANDS 27 25 23 75 25 5.9%

LEG/THIGH 17 25 24 66 22 5.2%

FOOT 17 24 18 59 20 4.6%

CHEST/RIBS 15 21 16 52 17 4.1%

THUMBS 16 18 15 49 16 3.8%

EYES 18 14 11 43 14 3.4%

SKULL & SCALP 7 11 17 35 12 2.7%

ELBOW 4 5 10 19 6 1.5%

HIPS/PELVIS 3 10 4 17 6 1.3%

HEEL 6 4 4 14 5 1.1%

METATARSAL (UPPER FOOT) 6 3 4 13 4 1.0%

FACE/LIPS/CHIN 5 2 2 9 3 0.7%

TOES 2 7 0 9 3 0.7%

ABDOMEN 4 3 0 7 2 0.5%

GENERAL BODY INJURY (EG ELECTRI 0 4 2 6 2 0.5%

GROIN 3 3 0 6 2 0.5%

NOSE & THROAT 1 2 3 6 2 0.5%

TRUNK AREA NA 2 2 1 5 2 0.4%

NECK 0 2 2 4 1 0.3% EARS 1 2 0 3 1 0.2%

SOLE 1 1 1 3 1 0.2%

INTERNAL BODY ORGAN 0 0 2 2 1 0.2%

RESPIRATORY (EG LUNGS) 2 0 0 2 1 0.2%

BUTTOCKS 1 0 0 1 0 0.1%

TEETH & GUMS 0 0 1 1 0 0.1%

TOTAL 348 455 476 1279 426 100.0%


70

C A R P E N

T E R S

INJURY TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCENT

RECORDS 1244 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 205 23.5% 1 2313 28.7%

Injury Type - Carpenters vs. All Construction '97 - '99 LTI Sum



FRACTURE 167 19.1% 2 1331 16.5%

CUT/LACERATION INCLUDING LOSS OF TEETH 160 18.3% 3 1134 14.1% ACHE/PAIN 87 10.0%4 869 10.8%

PUNCTURE 70 8.0% 5 269 3.3%

OTHER 254 29.1%

TOTAL 873 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 423

23.5%

19.1%

18.3%

10.0%

8.0%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE

CUT/LACERATION

INCLUDING LOSS OF

TEETH

ACHE/PAIN

PUNCTURE

OTHER

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 332 441 471 1244

OCCURRENCES 344 458 494 1296

INJURY TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE

SPRAIN/STRAIN 38 109 58 205 68

Injury Type - Carpenters '97 - '99 LTI Summary



FRACTURE 44 59 64 167 56

CUT/LACERATION INCLUDING LOSS OF TEETH 43 51 66 160 53 ACHE/PAIN 25 25 37 87

PUNCTURE 16 25 29 70 23

CONTUSIONBRUISED, BUT SURFACE INTACT 7 19 10 36 12

IRRITATION OR PARTICLE IN EYE 18 10 7 35 12

AMPUTATION 4 9 7 20

DISLOCATION/LOCKED JOINT 3 4 11 18 6

SCRATCHES/ABRASIONS/ SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS 5 6 5 16 5

TORN LIGAMENTS OR CARTILAGE 1 4 8 13 4

TENDONITIS OR TENOSYNOVITIS 3 2 4 9 3

HERNIA/RUPTURE 5 2 1 8 3

PINCHED NERVE 1 1 3 5 2

CRUSH 4 0 0 4




CONCUSSION 0 2 0 2

FROST BITE/FREEZING 0 0 2 2



BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 1 0 0 1 0

ELECTRICAL SHOCK 0 1 0 1 0

NUMBNESS DUE TO DIRECT INJURY 0 1 0 1 0

TOTAL 223 333 317 873 29NOT AVAILABLE 121 125 177 423 14

72

C A R P E N

T E R S

ACTIVITY COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCEN

RECORDS 1244 15504


HAMMERING 165 14.5% 1 406 3.7

CUTTING 152 13 4% 2 590 5 4

Activity - Carpenters vs. All Construction '97 - '99 LTI Summ



CUTTING 152 13.4% 2 590 5.4

LIFTING 150 13.2% 3 1213 11.WALKING 98 8.6% 4 829 7.6

INSTALLING 92 8.1% 5 663 6.1

OTHER 480 42.2%

TOTAL 1137 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 107

14.5%

13.4%

13.2%

8.6%

8.1%

HAMMERING

CUTTING

LIFTING

WALKING

INSTALLING

OTHER

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 332 441 471 1244

OCCURRENCES 332 441 471 1244


HAMMERING 39 63 63 165

CUTTING 37 56 59 152

Activity - Carpenters '97 - '99 LTI Summary



CUTTING 37 56 59 152

LIFTING 39 59 52 150

WALKING 29 38 31 98

INSTALLING 29 32 31 92

CARRYING 14 25 27 66

DESCENDING 10 13 27 50

REMOVING 14 7 14 35

MOVING 11 11 9 31

HANDLING 11 10 8 29

STANDING 11 9 9 29

CLIMBING 6 8 11 25

ERECTING 4 9 4 17

PULLING 3 7 7 17

DRILLING 5 4 6 15 SECURING 3 5 6 14

STRIPPING 3 4 7 14

PLACING 6 3 4 13

UNLOADING 2 3 6 11

LOADING 5 3 2 10

PUSHING 5 1 2 8

REACHING 1 4 2 7

APPLYING 1 1 3 5

GUIDING 2 3 0 5

HOLDING 2 1 2 5

HOUSEKEEPING 1 3 1 5 BREAKING 2 0 2 4

MEASURING 2 0 2 4

MOUNTING (OF EQUIPMENT) 0 3 1 4

SHOVELLING 1 1 2 4

TIGHTENING 1 0 3 4

CLEANING 0 2 1 3

DISMANTLING 1 1 1 3

HANGING 1 0 2 3

JUMPING 0 1 2 3

74

C A R P E N

T E R S

OPERATING 0 2 1 3

POURING 1 1 1 3

SMOOTHING 0 2 1 3

ADJUSTING 0 1 1 2

DEMOLISHING 1 0 1 2


DRIVING 0 1 1 2

PAINTING 1 1 0 2

RAISING 1 1 0 2



RAISING 1 1 0 2

REPAIRING 1 0 1 2 REPLACING 0 0 2 2

SIGNALLING 0 1 1 2

THROWING 1 0 1 2

CHIPPING 1 0 0 1

CLOSING 0 0 1 1

CONNECTING 1 0 0 1

KNEELING 0 1 0 1

LAYING 0 0 1 1

LOOSENING 0 1 0 1

SITTING 0 1 0 1

STACKING 1 0 0 1

TOTAL 311 404 422 1137 3


WORK SURFACE COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 1244 15504


GROUND 289 26.6% 1 3381 32.

BUILDING FLOOR-UNDER CONSTRUCTION 207 19.0% 2 474 4.

Work Surface - Carpenters vs. All Construction '97 - '99 LTI Su



BUILDING FLOOR UNDER CONSTRUCTION 207 19.0% 2 474 4.

FLOOR 206 18.9% 3 2279 22.LADDER-PORTABLE 110 10.1% 4 982 9.

WOOD SKELETON STRUCTURE 62 5.7% 5 105 1.

OTHER 214 19.7%

TOTAL 1088 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 156

19.0%

18.9%

10.1%

5.7%

19.7%

GROUND


CONSTRUCTION

FLOOR

LADDER-PORTABLE

WOOD SKELETON

STRUCTURE

OTHER

76

C A R P E N

T E R S

WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 332 441 471 1244

OCCURRENCES 332 441 471 1244


GROUND 78 97 114 289


Work Surface - Carpenters '97 - '99 LTI Summary



FLOOR 69 77 60 206






ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 7 10 6 23


TOP OF WALL 2 4 2 8

PLANK 1 3 2 6


BRIDGE 1 1 2 4




PLATFORM 0 1 2 3

ROOF-FLAT 1 2 0 3


TRAILER OR TRUCK PLATFORM 1 0 1 2

CRAWL SPACE-E.G. BASEMENTS,FALSE CEILINGS,UNDE 0 0 1 1



FORMWORK 0 0 1 1

HOLE 0 0 1 1 LOADING DOCK 1 0 0 1



STEEL SKELETON STRUCTURE-STRUCTURAL STEEL ON 0 0 1 1

TRENCH/DITCH 0 0 1 1

TRUCK BUMPER 1 0 0 1

VEHICLE STEP 0 1 0 1

TOTAL 297 392 399 1088 3


EELLEECCTTRRIICCIIAANNSS


RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

% LTIs 1997 1998



Direct installation in the electrical trade consists of tasks such as

installing switchgear, mounting transformers, placing reels of cable, pulling cable, and installing electrical trays and outlet

boxes.

Materials handling tasks include pulling cable through conduit

and carrying boxes of electrical components. Depending oncircumstances, a single activity may be classified as both

installation and materials handling (cable pulling, for example).

Poor housekeeping was identified as

all LTIs in the trade. Housekeeping in

when electricians stepped on, slipsomething in their workplace. Slipp

grease, oil, or water contributed to ab

while nearly 40% were attributable materials.

Observations:

Electricians work in industrial setting

in this analysis reflects construction o

The main occupational hazards we

findings are described below:

1. Direct Installation – This activitLTIs among electricians. Falls r

installation injuries and ladders athe injury involved both a fall an


IN TRANSIT 47 77 71 195 23%


OTHER 31 34 35 100 12%


OCCURRENCES 244 332 362 938 111%

TOTAL LTIs 216 295 333 844

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poorhousekeeping 19 30

TOTAL LTIs 216 295

78

E L E C T R

I C I A N S

EELLEECCTTRRIICCIIAANNSS

remained high at 19% of all direct installation injuries and

accounted for 77% of all falls from ladders.

2. Overexertion was the type of installation injury most often

reported (22%). Back/spine injuries were recorded in 17% of

Strains/sprains were the most com

(33%). Of these, 44% were attributo stepping (on a rock, for examp

while walking, climbing up or d

stepping on and off equipment.*



epo ed ( %). ac /sp e ju es we e eco ded 7% o

the installation injuries, many of which were the result of overexertion. Cable pulling was the activity most oftendescribed in direct installation, being cited in 13% of those

injuries.

3. Materials Handling – This activity was involved in 25% of

all LTIs in the trade. Of these, back/spine injuries wererecorded in 46% of the cases. Over two-thirds of the

back/spine injuries were attributable to overexertionaccidents. Overexertion was recorded as the accident type in

51% of materials handling injuries.

The most frequent activities associated with materials

handling injuries include (in descending order) pulling,lifting, carrying, and removing.

Cable pulling was indicated in 23% of materials handlinginjuries. Of these, back/spine injury was cited most often at

35%.

4. In Transit – In-transit activities include walking andclimbing (often on ladders) and accounted for 23% of LTIs to

electricians. Ladders were described in 31% of in-transitinjuries and falls were recorded in 28% of in-transit injuries.

Injuries involving both a fall and a ladder when in transitaccounted for 21% of all falls from ladders.

s epp g o a d o equ p e .

Additional observations:

Activities indicated in all back/

based, except for lifting, whStrain/sprain and ache/pain we

common back/spine injury tyrespectively.*

* Approximately one quarter of th

contains injuries recorded as “n

large number of unknowns, cauwhen using comparisons based on


ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCENT

RECORDS 844 15504



LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 67 15 6% 2 553 7 4%

Project Type - Electricians vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Sum





INSTITUTIONAL 43 10.0% 4 430 5.8%


OTHER 118 27.4%

TOTAL 430 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 414

2

15.6%

14.7%

10.0%

7.9%


LOW RISE

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL


LOW RISE

INSTITUTIONAL

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL

OTHER

80

E L E C T R

I C I A N S




ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 844 15504



MISC NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 20 2 4% 2 669 5

Construction Type - Electricians vs All Construction 97-99 Total LT



MISC.NON CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 20 2.4% 2 669 5

MECHANICAL (PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK) 18 2.1% 3 1384 11

IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE) 15 1.8% 4 110 0

MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING & EQUIPMENT THEREIN 10 1.2% 5 292 2

OTHER 5 1.4%

TOTAL 843 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 1

2.4%

2.1%

1.8%

1.2%

1.4%

ELECTRICAL WORK


MECHANICAL


IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE)


EQUIPMENT THEREIN

OTHER

82

E L E C T R

I C I A N S

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 216 293 335 844






Construction Type - Electricians 97-99 LTI Summary



( , , )



UTILITIES 2 1 2 5

GENERAL CONTRACTING 2 1 3

ERECTION (CONCRETE,STEEL) 1 1


TUNNELLING 1 1

WELDING 1 1

TOTAL 216 293 334 843

NOT AVAILABLE 1 1


ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCEN

RECORDS 844 15504


OVEREXERTION 199 23.4% 1 2933 25.4

FALLS 194 22.9% 2 2642 22.9

Type of Accident - Electricians vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI



STRUCK BY 129 15.2% 3 2575 22.3

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 105 12.4% 4 1244 10.8

CONTACT WITH ELECTRIC CURRENT 65 7.7% 5 105 0.9

OTHER 157 18.5%

TOTAL 849 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 30

22

15.2%

12.4%

7.7%

18.5%

OVEREXERTION

FALLS

STRUCK BY

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

CONTACT WITH ELECTRIC

CURRENT

OTHER

84

E L E C T R

I C I A N S

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 216 293 335 844




FALLS 41 80 73 194

STRUCK BY 27 43 59 129

Type of Accident - Electricians 97-99 LTI Summary



SLIP (NOT A FALL) 29 38 38 105




TRIP OVER 6 6 10 22




CONTACT/EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 2 2 2 6



CONTACT/EXPOSURE TO RADIATIONS 0 0 1 1 EXPLOSION 0 1 0 1

TOTAL 217 289 343 849 2



ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 844 15504


BACK/SPINE 200 21.4% 1 2952 23.

HANDS 96 10.3% 2 838 6.

KNEE 61 6 5% 3 787 6

Part of Body - Electricians vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI S



KNEE 61 6.5% 3 787 6.

ANKLE 59 6.3%4 798 6.

ARM 55 5.9%5 647 5.

OTHER 464 49.6%

TOTAL 935 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 38

21.4%

10.3%

6.5%

6.3%

5.9%

BACK/SPINE

HANDS

KNEE

ANKLE

ARM

OTHER

86

E L E C T R

I C I A N S

PART OF BODY

RECORDS 216 293 335 844



BACK/SPINE 69 58 73 200

HANDS 28 28 40 96

KNEE 16 24 21 61

ANKLE 11 34 14 59

Part of Body - Electricians 97-99 LTI Summary



ANKLE 11 34 14 59 ARM 23 14 18 55

SHOULDERS 12 14 27 53

EYES 12 19 20 51

FINGERS 6 10 27 43

WRIST 8 17 12 37

LEG/THIGH 11 16 6 33

FOOT 6 16 10 32

ELBOW 4 14 12 30



THUMBS 8 8 7 23 NECK 8 6 8 22

CHEST/RIBS 7 5 9 21


GROIN 3 0 5 8

HEEL 0 3 5 8

HIPS/PELVIS 0 7 1 8


TOES 2 2 1 5

ABDOMEN 1 2 1 4

SOLE 1 1 1 3

GENITAL/URINARY 1 1 0 2 TRUNK AREA NA 2 0 0 2

BUTTOCKS 0 0 1 1


TOTAL 250 326 359 935 3



ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 844 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 178 27.7% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 94 14.6% 2 1331 16

CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 82 12 8% 3 1134 14

Injury Type - Electricians vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Su



CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 82 12.8% 3 1134 14 ACHE/PAIN 63 9.8%4 869 10

IRRITATION OR PARTICLE IN EYE 44 6.8% 5 430 5

OTHER 182 28.3%

TOTAL 643 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 241

14.6%

12.8%

9.8%

6.8%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE

CUT/LACERATION


ACHE/PAIN

IRRITATION OR PARTICLE

IN EYE

OTHER

88

E L E C T R

I C I A N S

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 216 293 335 844




FRACTURE 14 47 33 94

CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 22 24 36 82

ACHE/PAIN 22 13 28 63

Injury Type - Electricians 97-99 LTI Summary



ACHE/PAIN 22 13 28 63IRRITATION OR PARTICLE IN EYE 7 17 20 44




PUNCTURE 6 3 6 15






RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS 2 2 2 6SCRATCHES/ABRASIONS/ SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS 2 2 1 5

CONCUSSION 0 2 2 4


CRUSH 1 0 2 3


STIFF JOINTS 1 0 2 3


AMPUTATION 0 0 2 2


BURN (FRICTION) 0 1 0 1

INTERNAL INJURIES 1 0 0 1WELDING FLASH/ELETRICAL FLASH 1 0 0 1

TOTAL 163 236 244 643



ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCEN

RECORDS 844 15504


INSTALLING 128 16.2% 1 829 7.6

PULLING 69 8.7% 2 245 2.2

WALKING 65 8.2% 3 829 7.6

Activity - Electricians vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Sum



LIFTING 56 7.1% 4 1213 11.

DESCENDING 54 6.8% 5 471 4.3

OTHER 418 52.9%

TOTAL 790 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 54

16.2%

8.7%

8.2%

7.1%

6.8%

INSTALLING

PULLING

WALKING

LIFTING

DESCENDING

OTHER

90

E L E C T R

I C I A N S

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 216 293 335 844




PULLING 21 24 24 69

WALKING 19 23 23 65

LIFTING 15 19 22 56 DESCENDING 13 20 21 54

Activity - Electricians 97-99 LTI Summary




CARRYING 9 19 13 41

DRILLING 6 13 17 36

CLIMBING 5 10 14 29

CUTTING 5 7 15 27

REMOVING 9 7 10 26

CONNECTING 3 8 8 19

MOVING 4 9 6 19

HANDLING 6 3 9 18

STANDING 7 5 5 17

LOADING 4 4 8 16

UNLOADING 5 4 7 16

DRIVING 4 4 7 15

INSPECTING 1 6 7 14

REPAIRING 1 9 3 13


BENDING 2 2 6 10

REACHING 2 4 1 7

SECURING 2 3 2 7

HANGING 1 1 4 6

OPERATING 4 2 6

HOLDING 1 2 2 5

PUSHING 2 1 2 5

SHOVELLING 1 1 3 5

CRAWLING 2 2 4

HOUSEKEEPING 3 1 4

OPENING 1 2 1 4

PLACING 2 1 1 4

OTHER 8 15 11 34

TOTAL 202 275 313 790 2



ALL CONST.

TOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 844 15504


FLOOR 236 32.8% 1 2279 22.

GROUND 156 21.7% 2 3381 32.

LADDER-PORTABLE 150 20.9% 3 982 9.ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 45 6 3% 4 675 6

Work Surface - Electricians vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI S



ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 45 6.3% 4 675 6.

STAIRS/STEPS 30 4.2% 5 324 3.

OTHER 102 14.2%

TOTAL 719 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 125

21.7%

20.9%

6.3%

4.2%

14.2%

FLOOR

GROUND

LADDER-PORTABLE


LOT

STAIRS/STEPS

OTHER

92

E L E C T R

I C I A N S

WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 216 293 335 844



FLOOR 69 79 88 236

GROUND 42 46 68 156


ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 9 19 17 45 STAIRS/STEPS 9 12 9 30

Work Surface - Electricians 97-99 LTI Summary










SIDEWALK/PATH/WALKWAY 2 3 5

CRAWL SPACE - E.G. BASEMENTS, ETC 2 2 4

MISCELLANEOUS 1 3 4

ROOF-FLAT 2 2 4 HEAVY MOBILE EQUIPMENT & MACHINERY 1 2 3

PLATFORM 3 3

POLE 1 1 1 3

RAMP/CATWALK 2 1 3

STATIONARY MACHINERY 2 1 3

UNDER EQUIPMENT OR VEHICLE 1 2 3

BOATSWAIN'S CHAIR/HOIST 2 2

LADDER-FIXED 2 2

EXCAVATION/PIT 1 1

HOLE 1 1

PLANK 1 1 ROOF-TYPE UNKNOWN 1 1

STAGING-SUSPENDED FROM ABOVE 1 1

WOOD SKELETON STRUCTURE 1 1

TOTAL 182 255 282 719 2


EEQQUUIIPPMMEENNTT OOPPEERRAATTOORRSS


RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 1 2



“Equipment operation/handling” in this trade is equivalent to“direct installation” in other trades. Equipment operation and

handling includes tasks such as operating, repairing, inspecting,

and driving. This group of activities accounts for 29% of allinjuries in the trade.

Poor housekeeping was responsible f

equipment operators. This is not surpequipment operators do not produce

are usually on site before other trades

Observations:

Statistics reveal that the majority of injuries for equipment operators can b

Materials handling on foot - Signifiincurred by equipment operators

handling on foot. Overexertion durinfound to be the most common inju

overexertion injuries revealed that somwhile operators were performing tas

the equipment, such as helping to u

loads in place.

IN TRANSIT 21 34 27 82 27%

EQUIPMENT

OPERATION/HANDLING

19 40 29 88 29%

OTHER 2 9 9 20 7%


OCCURRENCES 74 127 102 303 101%

TOTAL LTIs 74 127 98 299

TOTAL LTIs 74 127

94

E Q U I P M E N T

O P E R A T O R S

EEQQUUIIPPMMEENNTT OOPPEERRAATTOORRSS

Equipment operation/handling - 29% of the LTIs occurred

while equipment operators were operating or handlingequipment. Analysis of these injuries across three years shows

that 35% were the result of vehicle accidents and struck/thrown

over equipment; 19% were the result of being struck by objects

such as branches; 14% were related to overexertion; and theremainder were widely distributed, involving many different



factors. Descriptions of the overexertion injuries reveal that some

of the injuries were related to whole body vibration and to

constant sitting while operating equipment.

In transit – In-transit injuries are related to walking, mounting,and dismounting from equipment. Slips and falls accounted for

76% of the in-transit injuries to equipment operators. Of these,58% on average were directly related to mounting and

dismounting from the equipment. This reflects poor compliance

with the 3-point contact method of mounting and dismounting.The second most frequent type of in-transit injuries resulted from

walking to or from the equipment and around the jobsite.Stepping on muddy or icy surfaces caused the majority of

walking injuries.


RECORDS 299 15504


ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET 99 42.3% 1 658 8.8%

SEWER & WATERMAIN 31 13.2% 2 161 2.2%


SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 19 8.1% 4 818 11.0%MINING 9 3.8% 5 46 6.0%

PROJECT TYPE - Equipment Operators vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Sum



% 5 46 6.0%

OTHER 56 23.9%

TOTAL 234 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 65

13.2%

8.5%

8.1%

3.8%

23.9%

ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET

SEWER & WATERMAIN

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-LOW

RISE

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS

PREMISES

MINING

OTHER

96

E Q U I P M E N T

O P E R A T O R S

PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 74 127 98 299






SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 5 9 5 19 6 MINING 1 6 2 9 3

PROJECT TYPE - Equipment Operators 97-99 LTI Summary






UTILITY OTHER THAN HYDRO 4 3 7 4


PIPELINE (NATURAL GAS/OIL/WATER) 3 2 5 3


ASPHALT PLANT 1 1 1 3

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 1 1 2 1

RAILROAD/TRACK WSORK 1 1 2 1 TEMPORARY AGENCY WORK 1 1 2 1

BRIDGE 1 1 1

FILTRATION PLANT 1 1 1

SILO 1 1 1

TOTAL 58 105 71 234 78



RECORDS 299 15504


ROAD CONSTRUCTION 54 18.8% 1 326 2

EXCAVATION 53 18.5% 2 189 1

PAVING/GRADING/HOT LAID ASPHALT 33 11.5% 3 265 2

SEWER INSTALLATION 31 10.8% 4 153 1MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIES 19 6.6% 5 699 5

OTHER 97 33 8%

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Equipment Operators vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LT



OTHER 97 33.8%

TOTAL 287 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 12

18.8%

18.5%

11.5%

10.8%

6.6%

ROAD CONSTRUCTION

EXCAVATION

PAVING/GRADING/HOT

LAID ASPHALT

SEWER INSTALLATION

MISC.NON-

CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIES

OTHER

98

E Q U I P M E N T

O P E R A T O R S

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 74 127 98 299






SEWER INSTALLATION 10 13 8 31 MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIES 6 7 6 19

MASONRY 4 7 7 18

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Equipment Operators 97-99 LTI Summa



MASONRY 4 7 7 18


FORMING 3 1 4 8

GRAVEL & ROCK WORK 2 2 2 6

LAND CLEARING/GRUBBING/TREE REMOVAL 3 3 6

IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE) 3 2 5

OIL & GAS PIPE INSTALLATION 3 2 5

DRILLING AND BLASTING 3 1 4

UTILITIES 2 2 4

CONCRETE/CEMENT WORK/CORE DRILLING 1 2 3 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLE REPAIR 1 2 3


HAULING MATERIALS/EARTHMOVING 1 1 1 3

MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION 1 2 3

CARPENTRY 1 1 2

MECHANICAL (PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK) 2 2

RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION/MAINTENANCE 1 1 2

ROAD MAINTENANCE/LINE

PAINTING/CATCHBASIN/TRAFFIC LIGHT REPAIR 1 1 2

DREDGING/DIVING 1 1

ENGINEERING SERVICES 1 1

SNOW REMOVAL/SANDING & SALTING ROADS 1 1

TOTAL 71 119 97 287



RECORDS 299 15504


OVEREXERTION 62 20.8% 1 2933 25.4

FALLS 56 18.8% 2 2642 22.9

STRUCK BY 55 18.5% 3 2575 22.3

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 46 15.4% 4 1244 10.8STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 23 7.7% 5 529 4.6

OTHER 56 18 8%

TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Equipment Operators vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI



OTHER 56 18.8%

TOTAL 298 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 11

18.8

18.5%

15.4%

7.7%

18.8

OVEREXERTION

FALLS

STRUCK BY

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK/THROWN

AGAINST

OTHER

100

E Q U I P M E N T

O P E R A T O R S

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 74 127 98 299




FALLS 16 23 17 56

STRUCK BY 16 24 15 55

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 8 23 15 46 STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 4 10 9 23


TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Equipment Operators 97-99 LTI Summary




TRIP OVER 0 6 1 7



CONTACT/EXPOSURE DUST,FUMES,CAUSTIC TOXIC,NO 0 2 1 3





TOTAL 75 129 94 298NOT AVAILABLE 2 3 6 11


RECORDS 299 15504


BACK/SPINE 89 27.7% 1 2952 23.

HANDS 29 9.0% 2 838 6.

KNEE 24 7.5% 3 787 6.

ANKLE 23 7.2%4 798 6.SHOULDERS 21 6.5% 5 797 6.

OTHER 135 42.1%

PART OF BODY - Equipment Operators vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Su



TOTAL 321 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 17

27.7%

9.0%

7.5%

7.2%

6.5%

BACK/SPINE

HANDS

KNEE

ANKLE

SHOULDERS

OTHER

102

E Q U I P M E N T

O P E R A T O R S

PART OF BODY

RECORDS 74 127 98 299




HANDS 4 14 11 29

KNEE 5 14 5 24

ANKLE 6 10 7 23 SHOULDERS 6 10 5 21

FINGERS 5 9 4 18

PART OF BODY - Equipment Operators 97-99 LTI Summary



ARM 3 8 6 17


LEG/THIGH 3 6 4 13

FOOT 1 5 3 9

NECK 7 0 2 9

WRIST 4 2 1 7

CHEST/RIBS 2 4 0 6

EYES 1 4 1 6

FACE/LIPS/CHIN4 2

0 6 HIPS/PELVIS 0 2 4 6

ELBOW 1 2 2 5



ABDOMEN 1 0 1 2

GROIN 1 0 1 2

TOES 1 0 1 2

EARS 0 1 0 1

THUMBS 0 1 0 1


TOTAL 82 136 103 321



RECORDS 299 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 64 33.5% 1 2313 28

ACHE/PAIN 36 18.8%2 869 10

FRACTURE 34 17.8% 3 1331 16

CONTUSIONBRUISED, BUT SURFACE INTACT 14 7.3% 4 443 5CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 13 6.8% 5 1134 14

OTHER 30 15.7%

TOTAL 191 100 0%

INJURY TYPE - Equipment Operators vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Su



TOTAL 191 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 121

18.8%

17.8%

7.3%

6.8%

15.7%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

ACHE/PAIN

FRACTURE

CONTUSIONBRUISED,

BUT SURFACE INTACT

CUT/LACERATION


OTHER

104

E Q U I P M E N T

O P E R A T O R S

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 74 127 98 299




ACHE/PAIN 10 9 17 36

FRACTURE 7 19 8 34

CONTUSIONBRUISED, BUT SURFACE INTACT 0 6 8 14 CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 3 5 5 13



INJURY TYPE - Equipment Operators 97-99 LTI Summary




CONCUSSION 0 4 0 4


CRUSH 1 1 1 3



AMPUTATION 0 1 0 1





TOTAL 77 132 100 191




ACTIVITY

RECORDS 74 127 98 299





LIFTING 9 8 5 22

WALKING 3 13 6 22 STANDING 1 4 5 10

DRIVING 5 1 3 9

REMOVING 2 3 4 9

ACTIVITY - Equipment Operators 97-99 LTI Summary



REMOVING 2 3 4 9


CLEANING 1 3 3 7

REPAIRING 1 3 3 7

CUTTING 1 1 4 6

INSPECTING 4 2 6

MOVING 4 2 6

LOADING 1 4 5

UNLOADING 3 2 5

INSTALLING 4 4

POURING 3 1 4

PULLING 1 3 4

CARRYING 1 1 1 3

CHANGING 2 1 3

CONNECTING 1 2 3

HANDLING 2 1 3

OPENING 2 1 3

PLACING 3 3

SECURING 1 1 1 3

ADJUSTING 2 2

APPLYING 1 1 2 DESCENDING 1 1 2

DISMANTLING 1 1 2

GUIDING 1 1 2

HAMMERING 1 1 2

HOLDING 1 1 2

OTHER 5 10 9 24

TOTAL 71 124 95 290


WORK SURFACE COUNT PERCENT RANK All CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 299 15504


GROUND 122 42.7% 1 3381 32.

HEAVY MOBILE EQUIPMENT & MACHINERY 88 30.8% 2 167 1.


FLOOR 9 3.1% 4 2279 22.MOTOR VEHICLE 6 2.1% 5 160 1.

OTHER 28 9.8%

TOTAL 286 100.0%

WORK SURFACE - Equipment Operators vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI S



NOT AVAILABLE 13

30.8%

11.5%

3.1%

2.1%

9.8%

GROUND

HEAVY MOBILE EQUIPMENT &

MACHINERY


LOT

FLOOR

MOTOR VEHICLE

OTHER

108

E Q U I P M E N T

O P E R A T O R S

WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 74 127 98 299



GROUND 24 63 35 122



FLOOR 4 3 2 9 MOTOR VEHICLE 2 3 1 6


VEHICLE STEP 4 4

WORK SURFACE - Equipment Operators 97-99 LTI Summary



STAIRS/STEPS 1 2 3

RAMP/CATWALK 2 2


TRENCH/DITCH 1 1 2

BOAT/BARGE/VESSEL 1 1

BUILDING FLOOR-UNDER CONSTRUCTION 1 1

EXCAVATION/PIT 1 1

LOADING DOCK 1 1

MISCELLANEOUS 1 1

PILED MATERIAL/HAND TOOLS 1 1

ROOF-FLAT 1 1


TANK/DRUM 1 1

TRUCK BUMPER 1 1

TOTAL 72 124 90 286


FFLLAATT RROOOOFFEERRSS


RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%

MATERIALS

HANDLING 18 26 20 64 36%

IN TRANSIT 10 13 16 39 22%

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 2 1

TOTAL LTIs 50 74



The majority (39%) of all LTIs in this trade occur during direct

installation. Direct installation in flat roofing includes placing,installing, cutting, hammering, smoothing, applying, bending,

breaking, and laying.

Poor housekeeping accounted for 2%

over the period. These injuries, few i

tripping over materials or debris.

Observations:

The main occupational hazards f

categorized as follows.

1. Direct installation – This activithe LTIs to flat roofers. The maj

direct installation were workers bequipment (28%), burns fro

temperatures (21%), and falls (17

during direct installation happenewhile 21% occurred on the ground

2. Materials Handling – This activi

the LTIs in the trade, where workrolls of roofing felts and other ro


OTHER 1 0 0 1 1%


TOTALOCCURRENCES 51 78 61 190 107%

TOTAL LTIs 50 74 53 177

110

F L A T R

O O F E R S

FFLLAATT RROOOOFFEERRSS

hot liquid bitumen, sheets of plywood, rigid insulation, and

crushed aggregate. These materials are large, heavy, andawkward to handle. As a result, the major cause of accidents

during materials handling were overexertion (29%), falls

(24%), and burns from contact with high temperatures (19%).38% of the materials handling injuries occurred on the ground

and 28% on the flat roof surface. Not surprisingly, the part of the body most often injured during materials handling was

back/spine at 39%, followed by the shoulder at 9%. Where

the accident type was described as overexertion the

One type of accident almost exclusiv

with hot liquefied roofing bitumtemperatures in excess of 400oF, the b

from a kettle on the ground to wheel

roof and then distributed to work aresplashing on any unprotected part o

skin or clothing, will immediately cau



the accident type was described as overexertion, thefrequency of back/spine injuries jumped to 65%, followed by

the shoulder at 10%.

3. In Transit – This activity accounted for 22% of the LTIs inflat roofing. The majority of in-transit accidents were due to

falls (26%) and slips (25%). 27% of these accidents occurred

on portable ladders; 18% on the flat roof surface; and 13% onthe ground. Only 2% of the slips and falls can be attributed to

ice or snow creating a slippery surface.

Specific observations:

Given the nature of flat roofing, it is not surprising that falls arethe number one cause of LTIs (29.4% overall). Of these, 75% are

falls to a different level and account for 21.9% of all LTIs. 33.3%

of the falls to a different level occurred while the worker wasusing a portable ladder and 28.2% while the worker was on the

flat roof surface.


3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCENT

RECORDS 177 15504



INSTITUTIONAL(SCHOOLS,CHURCH,HOSPITAL

PRISONS,GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, ETC.) 15 20.3% 2 430 5.8%


SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 8 10.8% 4 818 11.0%


OTHER 15 20 3%

Project Type - Flat Roofers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI Summ



OTHER 15 20.3%

TOTAL 74 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 103

20.

16.2%

10.8%

9.5%

20.

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE

INSTITUTIONAL(SCHOOLS,CHURCH,HOSPITAL

PRISONS,GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, ETC.)

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

OTHER

112

F L A T R

O O F E R S

PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 50 74 53 177


PROJECT TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3yr PC

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 3 9 5 17 6 23.0

INSTITUTIONAL(SCHOOLS,CHURCH,HOSPITAL P 3 9 3 15 5 20.3

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 5 2 5 12 4 16.2

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 4 4 8 3 10.8

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 3 4 7 2 9.5HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 2 3 1 6 2 8.1

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 1 2 1 4 1 5.4

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 1 1 2 1 2.7

Project Type - Flat Roofers 97- 99 LTI Summary



FILTRATION PLANT 1 1 0 1.4

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 1 1 0 1.4

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT 1 1 0 1.4

TOTAL 18 32 24 74 25 100.0



3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCEN

RECORDS 177 15504


FLAT ROOFING 139 79.0% 1 251 2.1

ROOFING-TYPE UNKNOWN 14 8.0% 2 24 0.2

MISC.NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 8 4.5% 3 699 5.9

SLOPED ROOFING (SHINGLES) 8 4.5% 4 266 2.3SIDING/EAVESTROUGHING/SHEET METAL 3 1.7% 5 291 2.5

OTHER 2 2.3%

TOTAL 176 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 1

Construction Type - Flat Roofers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI



NOT AVAILABLE 1

8.0%

4.5%

4.5%

1.7%

2.3%

FLAT ROOFING

ROOFING-TYPE UNKNOWN

MISC.NON-CONSTRUCTION

ACTIVITIES

SLOPED ROOFING (SHINGLES)

SIDING/EAVESTROUGHING/SHEET

METAL

OTHER

114

F L A T R O O F E R S




3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCEN

RECORDS 177 15504


FALLS 52 29.4% 1 2642 22.9

OVEREXERTION 33 18.6% 2 2933 25.4

CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE 27 15.3% 3 144 1.2

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 25 14.1% 4 1244 10.8

STRUCK BY 23 13.0% 5 2575 22.3

OTHER 17 9.6%

TOTAL 177 100.0%

Type of Accident - Flat Roofers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI



NOT AVAILABLE 12

18.6%

15.3%

14.1%

13.0%

9.6%

FALLS

OVEREXERTION

CONTACT WITH

TEMPERATURE

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK BY

OTHER

116

F L A T R O O F E R S

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 50 74 53 177



FALLS 17 15 20 52




STRUCK BY 6 12 5 23

TRIP OVER 3 3 6

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR BETWEEN 2 2 4

STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 3 1 4

RUBBED OR ABRADED 1 1

Type of Accident - Flat Roofers 97- 99 LTI Summary



RUBBED OR ABRADED 1 1

STEPPED/KNELT ON 1 1

VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS 1 1

TOTAL 50 74 53 177



3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCEN

RECORDS 177 15504


BACK/SPINE 40 20.8% 1 2952 23.7

ARM 20 10.4%2 647 5.2

ANKLE 11 5.7%3 798 6.4

FINGERS 9 4.7% 4 841 6.7KNEE 8 4.2% 5 787 6.3

OTHER 104 54.2%

TOTAL 192 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 12

Part of Body - Flat Roofers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI Su



20.8%

10.4%

5.7%

4.7%

4.2%

BACK/SPINE

ARM

ANKLE

FINGERS

KNEE

OTHER

118

F L A T

R O O F E R S

PART OF BODY

RECORDS 50 74 53 177


PART OF BODY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE


ARM 5 10 5 20

HANDS 5 7 3 15

LEG/THIGH 4 4 5 13

FACE/LIPS/CHIN 2 3 7 12 WRIST 2 4 6 12

ANKLE 3 2 6 11

FINGERS 4 3 2 9

KNEE 1 5 2 8

Part of Body - Flat Roofers 97- 99 LTI Summary



SHOULDERS 3 2 3 8

CHEST/RIBS 1 4 2 7

ELBOW 4 2 6

HIPS/PELVIS 2 1 2 5

EYES 2 2 4

SKULL & SCALP 3 1 4

THUMBS 1 2 1 4

GROIN 2 1 3

HEEL 2 1 3

FOOT 2 2

ABDOMEN 1 1

GENERAL BODY INJURY (EG ELECTRIC SHOCK) 1 1

NECK 1 1

SOLE 1 1

TOES 1 1

TRUNK AREA NA 1 1

TOTAL 60 75 57 192 6

NOT AVAILABLE 4 8 12


3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCEN

RECORDS 177 15504


BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 33 27.5% 1 159 2.0%

SPRAIN/STRAIN 29 24.2% 2 2313 28.7%

FRACTURE 18 15.0% 3 1331 16.5%

ACHE/PAIN 9 7.5%4 869 10.8%OTHER 31 25.8%

TOTAL 120 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 57

Injury Type - Flat Roofers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI Sum



2

15.0%

7.5%

BURN (SCALD) HOT

SUBSTANCES

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE

ACHE/PAIN

OTHER

120

F L A T

R O O F E R S

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 50 76 59 177



BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 8 17 8 33 1


FRACTURE 6 8 9 18

ACHE/PAIN 5 4 9

CONTUSIONBRUISED, BUT SURFACE INTACT 3 5 8 CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 2 2 1 5

PUNCTURE 1 1 2 4

IRRITATION OR PARTICLE IN EYE 2 1 3

CRUSH 1 1 2

DISLOCATION/LOCKED JOINT 3 2

Injury Type - Flat Roofers 97- 99 LTI Summary



DISLOCATION/LOCKED JOINT 3 2

HERNIA/RUPTURE 1 1 2

BURN (CHEMICAL) 1 1

BURSITIS (KNEES, ELBOWS, SHOULDERS) 1 1

CONCUSSION 2 1

NUMBNESS DUE TO DIRECT INJURY 1 1

SCRATCHES/ABRASIONS/ SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS 1 1

TOTAL 31 58 40 120 4



3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCE

RECORDS 177 15504


LIFTING 16 10.3% 1 1213 11

PULLING 8 5.1% 2 245 2

INSTALLING 7 4.5% 3 829 7

CLIMBING 6 3.8% 4 275 2HANDLING 6 3.8% 5 305 2

OTHER 113 72.4%

TOTAL 156 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 21

Activity - Flat Roofers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI Sum



10.3%

5.1%

4.5%

3.8%

3.8%

LIFTING

PULLING

INSTALLING

CLIMBING

HANDLING

OTHER

122

F L A T

R O O F E R S

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 50 74 53 177


ACTIVITY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AV

LIFTING 4 9 3 16

CARRYING 2 6 7 15

DESCENDING 3 3 3 9

PLACING 2 4 3 9

REMOVING 1 5 3 9 WALKING 3 2 4 9

PULLING 3 3 2 8

INSTALLING 2 5 7

CLIMBING 2 3 1 6

HANDLING 2 2 2 6

Activity - Flat Roofers 97- 99 LTI Summary



MOVING 2 3 1 6

CUTTING 3 2 5

OPERATING 4 1 5

UNLOADING 2 3 5

HAMMERING 2 2 4

SHOVELLING 3 1 4


LOWERING 2 1 3

RAISING 1 1 1 3

STANDING 1 2 3

HEATING 2 2

POURING 1 1 2

SMOOTHING 1 1 2

STARTING 1 1 2

APPLYING 1 1

BENDING 1 1

BREAKING 1 1

DRIVING 1 1 HOLDING 1 1

LAYING 1 1

LOADING 1 1


ALL OTHER ACTIVITIES NOT LISTED 2 1 2 5

TOTAL 45 65 46 156




WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 50 74 53 177


WORK SURFACE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE

ROOF-FLAT 16 19 10 45

GROUND 6 18 17 41


FLOOR 5 3 4 12

ROOF-SLOPED 1 4 7 12 ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 5 1 1 7

ROOF-TYPE UNKNOWN 4 2 6


STAIRS/STEPS 2 2


Work Surface - Flat Roofers 97- 99 LTI Summary




MOTOR VEHICLE 1 1

TRUCK BUMPER 1 1

TOTAL 42 59 47 148 4


FFLLOOOORRIINNGG TTRRAADDEESS


Housekeeping-related injuries are r

flooring trades generally work on lev

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%

MATERIALS

HANDLING 21 20 27 68 47%DIRECT

INSTALLATION 12 17 16 45 31%

IN TRANSIT 13 9 12 34 23%

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 3 1

TOTAL LTIs 43 46



Direct installation tasks in this trade include laying, cutting, and

trimming flooring material, applying glue, knee kicking, and pulling carpet to fit a room. Unique materials handling activities

include using pallet trucks or dollies to carry materials andmoving furniture and equipment to clear the way for installation.

flooring trades generally work on lev

when debris such as scraps and wrappto see. Slips and trips over materials

hazards often related to poor housekin this trade.

Observations:

The principal occupational hazards incategorized as follows.

1. Materials Handling – This acti

all LTIs in the flooring trade. The

main activities: lifting (42%)loading/unloading (13%). Th

materials such as carpets, tiles, aalong with tools, sanders, and

Narrow halls and stairways limit that would reduce the risks as

OTHER 3 5 5 13 9%


TOTALOCCURRENCES 50 52 64 166 114%

TOTAL LTIs 43 46 57 146

126

F L O O R I N G

T R A D E S

FFLLOOOORRIINNGG TTRRAADDEESS

moving flooring material. The material is also bulky and

unwieldy to carry, forcing workers to bend over and lift inawkward positions.

2. Direct installation – This activity was involved in 31% of allLTIs in the trade. Of these installation injuries, sprains

accounted for 49%. Sprains to back, knee, and shoulderresulted from workers spending considerable time in bent or

kneeling positions. 40% of all installation injuries were the

result of cuts. Most of the cuts were to the finger, thumb, andhand.

to the knee, hand, and fingers wer

flooring than in all construction.

As for injury type, the percentage

flooring was comparable to the rest oclassified as ache and pain were mor

construction—24.2% compared to 1fractures only accounted for 7.5% o

compared to 16.5% for all constructio

Lifting and carrying were the two

handling involved in injuries. Lost



3. In Transit – In-transit injuries are related to walking and

climbing up and down. They accounted for 23% of the LTIsin the trade. Slips and falls contributed to 53% of the 34 in-

transit injuries. 61% of the slips and falls can be attributed to

ice or snow creating a slippery surface. Carrying tools,material, or equipment in transit led to 26% of the lost-time

injuries. These injuries affected the back, foot, ankle, andshoulder.


Given the nature of the flooring trade, the main type of lost-timeinjury is overexertion. Overexertion for all of construction is

25.4% but for the flooring trade is almost double at 49.3%. At the

same time, falls accounted for 10.4% of the trade’s injuries—lessthan half the percentage for all construction.

Back and spine account for 35.1% of the lost-time injuries in

flooring but for only 23.7% in all construction. Lost-time injuries

handling involved in injuries. Lostworkers while lifting were 69% highe

while carrying, 78% higher; and while

Given the trade, it’s understandable t

often cited in injury reports is “floor”construction. Conversely, “ground” i

all construction. More surprising areor truck platform as the work surface

9, or 7.6%, of the LTIs in flooring.

0.9% for all construction.



PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 43 46 57 146




SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 2 2 5 9 3 11.1

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 2 2 2 6 2 7.4

INSTITUTIONAL(SCHOOLS,CHURCH,HOSPITALS, 2 3 1 6 2 7.4

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 1 2 2 5 2 6.2COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 2 3 5 2 6.2

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 3 3 1 3.7

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 2 2 1 2.5

HYDRO 1 1 0 1.2

TOTAL 24 27 30 81 27 100.0


Project Type - Flooring 97- 99 LTI Summary




3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCEN

RECORDS 146 15504


FLOORING 130 89.0% 1 186 1.6

IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE) 6 4.1% 2 110 0.9

MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIES 4 2.7% 3 699 5.9

GENERAL CONTRACTING 3 2.1% 4 1524 13.0PLASTERING/DRYWALL 2 1.4% 5 474 4.0

OTHER 1 0.7%

TOTAL 146 100.0%

Construction Type - Flooring VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI S

S



4.1%

2.7%

2.1%

1.4%

0.7%

FLOORING


MISC.NON-

CONSTRCTUION

ACTIVITIES

GENERAL CONTRACTING

PLASTERING/DRYWALL

OTHER

130

F L O O R I N G

T R A D E

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 43 46 57 146


CONSTRUCTION TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE

FLOORING 40 42 48 130 4


MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIES 1 2 1 4


PLASTERING/DRYWALL 1 1 2 MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING & EQUIPMENT 1 1

TOTAL 43 46 57 146 4

Construction Type - Flooring 97- 99 LTI Summary




3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCEN

RECORDS 146 15504


OVEREXERTION 66 49.3% 1 2933 25.4

STRUCK BY 28 20.9% 2 2575 22.3

FALLS 14 10.4% 3 2642 22.9

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 9 6.7% 4 1244 10.8RUBBED OR ABRADED 5 3.7% 5 60 0.5

OTHER 13 9.0%

TOTAL 135 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 12

Type of Accident - Flooring VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI S

E S



20.9%

10.4%

6.7%

3.7%

9.0%

OVEREXERTION

STRUCK BY

FALLS

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

RUBBED OR ABRADED

OTHER

132

F L O O R

I N G

T R A D E

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 43 46 57 146




STRUCK BY 13 6 9 28

FALLS 3 6 5 14


RUBBED OR ABRADED 2 2 1 5 CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR BETWEEN 1 1 2 4

TRIP OVER 1 1 2

STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 1 1 2


CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE 1 1

STEPPED/KNELT ON 1 1

Type of Accident - Flooring 97- 99 LTI Summary



TOTAL 42 40 52 134



3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCEN

RECORDS 146 15504


BACK/SPINE 53 35.1% 1 2952 23.7

KNEE 15 9.9% 2 787 6.3

HANDS 13 8.6% 3 838 6.7

FINGERS 11 7.3% 4 841 6.7 ANKLE 9 6.0%5 798 6.4

OTHER 50 33.1%

TOTAL 151 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 5

Part of Body - Flooring VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI Sum

OTHERD E S



9.9%

8.6%

7.3%

6.0%

BACK/SPINE

KNEE

HANDS

FINGERS

ANKLE

OTHER

134

F L O O R

I N G

T R A D

PART OF BODY

RECORDS 43 46 57 146


PART OF BODY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE


KNEE 3 8 4 15

HANDS 5 4 4 13

FINGERS 4 3 4 11

ANKLE 1 3 5 9 SHOULDERS 1 1 5 7

ARM 3 2 1 6

LEG/THIGH 1 1 3 5

CHEST/RIBS 1 2 2 5

THUMBS 1 2 2 5

FOOT 4 4

FACE/LIPS/CHIN 1 1 2

Part of Body - Flooring 97- 99 LTI Summary



WRIST 1 1 2

ELBOW 1 1 2

HIPS/PELVIS 1 1 2

EYES 1 1 2

SKULL & SCALP 1 1 2 GROIN 1 1 2

NECK 2 2

ABDOMEN 1 1

SOLE 1 1

TOTAL 46 48 57 151 5

NOT AVAILABLE 2 3 5


3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCEN

RECORDS 146 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 40 27.5% 1 2313 28.7%

ACHE/PAIN 22 24.2%2 869 10.8%

CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 19 15.0% 3 1134 14.1%

FRACTURE 5 7.5% 4 1331 16.5%

OTHER 17 25.8%

TOTAL 103 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 46

Injury Type - Flooring VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI Summ

OTHERD

E S



15.0%

7.5%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

ACHE/PAIN

CUT/LACERATION


FRACTURE

136

F L O O R

I N G

T R A D

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 43 46 57 146




ACHE/PAIN 7 7 8 22


FRACTURE 1 2 2 5

CONTUSIONBRUISED, BUT SURFACE INTACT 1 1 2

PUNCTURE 1 1 2

CRUSH 1 1 2

TENDONITIS OR TENOSYNOVITIS 1 1 2

IRRITATION OR PARTICLE IN EYE 1 1 2

HERNIA/RUTURE 1 1

PINCHED NERVE 1 1

OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS NEC. 1 1

Injury Type - Flooring 97- 99 LTI Summary



INFECTION 1 1

AMPUTATION 1 1

BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 1 1


TOTAL 24 39 40 103 3NOT AVAILABLE 19 8 19 46 1


3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCE

RECORDS 146 15504


LIFTING 26 18.8% 1 1213 11

INSTALLING 20 14.5% 2 829 7

CARRYING 15 10.9% 3 663 6

CUTTING 13 9.4% 4 590 5WALKING 9 6.5% 5 829 7

OTHER 55 39.9%

TOTAL 138 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 8

Activity - Flooring VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI Summ

OTHERA

D E S



18.8%

14.5%

10.9%

9.4%

6.5%

LIFTING

INSTALLING

CARRYING

CUTTING

WALKING

OTHER

138

F L O O R

I N G

T R A

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 43 46 57 146


ACTIVITY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AV

LIFTING 5 9 12 26

INSTALLING 5 9 6 20

CARRYING 4 6 5 15

CUTTING 4 5 4 13

WALKING 2 3 4 9

UNLOADING 3 5 8

MOVING 2 3 5

LAYING 2 1 2 5

LOADING 3 2 5

KNEELING 2 1 3

FINISHING 1 1 1 3

DESCENDING 1 1 2

REMOVING 1 1 2

Activity - Flooring 97- 99 LTI Summary



REMOVING 1 1 2

HANDLING 2 2

STANDING 1 1 2

APPLYING 1 1 2

BENDING 1 1 2 DRIVING 1 1 2

DRILLING 1 1

PUSHING 1 1

CLIMBING 1 1

GRINDING 1 1

REPAIRING 1 1

SHOVELLING 1 1

SITTING 1 1

CLEANING 1 1

CLOSING 1 1

SMOOTHING 1 1 BREAKING 1 1

STRIPPNG 1 1

TOTAL 42 43 53 138



3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCEN

RECORDS 146 15504


FLOOR 71 59.7% 1 2279 22.2

GROUND 16 13.4% 2 3381 32.9

ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 10 8.4% 3 675 6.6

TRAILER OR TRUCK PLATFORM 9 7.6% 4 96 0.9

STAIRS/STEPS 9 7.6% 5 324 3.2

OTHER 4 3.3%

TOTAL 119 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 27

Work Surface - Flooring VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI Sum

3.3%OTHERA

D E S



13.4%

8.4%

7.6%

7.6%

FLOOR

GROUND


LOT

TRAILER OR TRUCK PLATFORM

STAIRS/STEPS

140

F L O O R

I N G

T R A

WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 43 46 57 146



FLOOR 19 25 27 71 2

GROUND 5 5 6 16




MOTOR VEHICLE 1 2 3

RAMP/CATWALK 1 1

TOTAL 35 37 47 119 4


Work Surface - Flooring 97- 99 LTI Summary



HHEEAATTIINNGG AANNDD RREEFFRRIIGGEERRAATTIIOONN WWOORRKKEERRSS



to workers in this trade. The majority

because of trips and slips on debaccidents were workers tripping over

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


IN TRANSIT 16 20 23 59 16%


OTHER 12 3 9 24 7%

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 4 8

TOTAL LTIs 109 108

R I G E R A T I O N



Direct installation activities in heating and refrigeration include

tightening or loosening connections, adjusting, repairing, andinstalling heating and refrigerating units. Materials handling

activities include lifting furnaces and tanks, as well as rigginglarge units to be lifted by cranes.

cc pp g

or mud while carrying material or equ

Observations:The main occupational hazards for

workers can be categorized as follows

1. Materials Handling – Materialsfor 34% of injuries in the trade du

Of these injuries, 62% were bac

knee and foot made up 12% of injuries involved lifting heavy eq

and into position and carrying iheavy work is often aggravated b

and awkward positions. In m personnel work alone.


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 115 111 123 349 106%

TOTAL LTIs 109 108 114 331

142

H E A T I N G

A N

D

R E F R

HHEEAATTIINNGG AANNDD RREEFFRRIIGGEERRAATTIIOONN WWOORRKKEERRSS

2. Direct Installation – Cuts and lacerations, particularly to the

hands, are the most common type of injury during directinstallation and were responsible for 27% of installation

injuries. Burns accounted for the second highest type of

installation injury at 22%. Burns were either from directcontact or from explosions and flashes. Eye injuries

accounted for 11% of installation injuries. This type of injurywas mostly caused by dust or particles entering the eye. The

majority of eye injuries occurred to workers inspecting or

repairing existing units.

3. In Transit – 16% of all LTIs in this trade occurred whileworkers were in transit. Of these, over 70% were slips and

falls. 25% of the in-transit injuries occurred while the worker

Struck-by injuries occurred while

repairing equipment. The injufractures to the hands and fingers

of all LTIs in the trade. This is iconstruction (16.6%). Falls acc

injuries. Approximately half the f

portable ladders during installation

The heating and refrigeration trad(35.3%) of overexertion injuri

(25.9%). This is consistent with thand spine injuries in the trade and

and installing injuries. In fact, ovefor over 75% of the back and sp



was carrying materials or tools. In the low-rise residential

sector, where 30% of injuries occurred, heating and

refrigeration work is typically carried out in basements.

Workers have to carry material and equipment down stairsand over cluttered floors. This causes many trips and falls.

The occupational hazards identified above are based on the facts

described below:

Most injuries in the trade occurred in mechanical andmaintenance construction. Low-rise residential and low-rise

commercial projects accounted for more than half of allinjuries in the trade. A disproportionately high injury rate

exists in low-rise commercial projects (27.2%) compared tothe all-construction rate of 7.7%.

refrigeration workers during the p

.

PROJECT TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCENT

RECORDS 331 15504






COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 10 6.8% 5 187 2.5%OTHER 15 10.3%

TOTAL 146 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 185

Project Type - Heating and Refrigeration Workers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 Years LTI Sum

10.3%OTHER

R I G E R A T I O N



22.6%

15.8%

15.1%

6.8%


RISE

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOWRISE


PREMISES

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT

UNKNOWN

144

H E A T I N G

A N

D

R E F R

PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 109 108 114 331





SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 9 11 3 23 8


COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 7 3 10 3 INSTITUTIONAL (SCHOOLS,PRISONS,HOSPITALS 3 2 2 7 2




RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 0 0 1 1 0


UTILITY OTHER THAN HYDRO 0 0 1 1 0

TOTAL 46 48 52 146 49

Project Type - Heating and Refrigeration Workers '97 - '99 LTI Summary



TOTAL 46 48 52 146 49




CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 109 108 114 331







IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE) 2 1 4 7 FABRICATION/MANUFACTURING 3 2 1 6


REFRACTORY 0 0 1 1


UTILITIES 0 0 1 1

WELDING 1 0 0 1

TOTAL 109 108 114 331


Construction Type - Heating and Refrigeration Woekers '97 - '99 LTI Summa



TYPE OF ACCIDENT COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCEN

RECORDS 331 15504


OVEREXERTION 114 35.3% 1 2933 25.4

FALLS 56 17.3% 2 2642 22.9

STRUCK BY 49 15.2% 3 2575 22.3

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 29 9.0% 4 1244 10.8

STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 24 7.4% 5 529 4.6

OTHER 54 15.8%

TOTAL 326 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 9

Type of Accident - Heating and Refrigeration Workers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Su

15.8%OTHER

F R I G E R A T I O N



17.3%

15.2%

9.0%

7.4%

OVEREXERTION

FALLS

STRUCK BY

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK/THROWN

AGAINST

148

H E A T I N G

A N

D

R E F

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 109 82 90 331




FALLS 14 23 19 56

STRUCK BY 17 18 14 49


STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 6 11 7 24 CONTACT WITH ELECTRIC CURRENT 4 4 2 10




TRIP OVER 2 1 2 5




Type of Accident - Heating and Refrigeration Workers '97 - '99 LTI Summary



EXPLOSION 1 0 1 2


CONTACT/EXPOSURE TO RADIATIONS 0 0 1 1 TOTAL 105 106 112 323 1

NOT AVAILABLE 6 2.0 4 12

PART OF BODY COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 331 15504


BACK/SPINE 115 31.9% 1 2952 23.

HANDS 28 7.8% 2 838 6.

SHOULDERS 28 7.8% 3 797 6.

FINGERS 26 7.2% 4 841 6.

EYES 21 5.8% 5 554 4.

OTHER 125 39.6%

TOTAL 343 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 18

Part of Body - Heating and Refrigeration Workers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Sum

OTHER

E F R I G E R A T I O N



31.9%

7.8%

7.8%

7.2%

5.8%

BACK/SPINE

HANDS

SHOULDERS

FINGERS

EYES

150

H E A T I N G

A N

D

R E



INJURY TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 331 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 83 36.6% 1 2313 28

CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 28 12.3% 2 1134 14

ACHE/PAIN 27 11.9%3 869 10

FRACTURE 19 8.4% 4 1131 16


OTHER 56 24.7%

TOTAL 227 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 116

Injury Type - Heating and Refrigeration Workers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Sum

24.7%


OTHER

R E F R I G E R A T I O N



12.3%

11.9%

8.4%

6.2%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

CUT/LACERATION


ACHE/PAIN

FRACTURE


IN EYE

152

H E A T I N G

A N

D

R

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 109 108 114 331






FRACTURE 4 12 3 19







CRUSH 0 1 3 4


AMPUTATION 1 0 2 3

PUNCTURE 1 2 0 3

S OC O / OC O

Injury Type - Heating and Refrigeration Workers '97 - '99 LTI Summary




DIZZINESS 2 0 0 2

TORN LIGAMENTS OR CARTILAGE 1 1 0 2 BITES/STINGS 0 0 1 1






TOTAL 75 78 74 227


ACTIVITY COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCEN

RECORDS 331 15504


LIFTING 53 16.7% 1 1213 11.

INSTALLING 31 9.8% 2 829 7.6

REPAIRING 27 8.5% 3 131 1.2

MOVING 21 6.6% 4 537 4.9

WALKING 20 6.3% 5 829 7.1

OTHER 165 52.1%

TOTAL 317 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 14

Activity - Heating and Refrigeration Workers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Summ

OTHER




16.7%

9.8%

8.5%

6.6%

6.3%

LIFTING

INSTALLING

REPAIRING

MOVING

WALKING

154

H E A T I N G A N D R

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 109 108 114 331



LIFTING 17 14 22 53


REPAIRING 13 7 7 27

MOVING 6 6 9 21

WALKING 4 7 9 20

CARRYING 5 5 7 17 DESCENDING 2 10 5 17

CLIMBING 6 4 3 13

UNLOADING 7 4 2 13

CUTTING 3 4 2 9

INSPECTING 2 3 4 9

HANDLING 3 5 8

LOADING 3 2 3 8

REMOVING 3 2 2 7

DRIVING 2 3 5

Activity - Heating and Refrigeration Workers '97 - '99 LTI Summary



PULLING 1 3 1 5

REPLACING 2 2 1 5 CLEANING 1 1 2 4

DRILLING 1 2 1 4

REACHING 0 2 2 4

LOOSENING 3 0 0 3

LOWERING 0 3 0 3

CLOSING 2 0 0 2

CONNECTING 1 0 1 2


LIGHTING 0 1 1 2

PUSHING 1 1 0 2

TIGHTENING 1 1 0 2

WELDING 1 0 1 2

APPLYING 0 0 1 1

BREAKING 0 1 0 1

CHANGING 0 1 0 1

OTHER 6 5 3 14

TOTAL 104 107 106 317 1


WORK SURFACE COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 331 15504


FLOOR 123 41.4% 1 2279 22.

GROUND 62 20.9% 2 3381 32.



STAIRS/STEPS 17 5.7% 5 324 3.

OTHER 69 3.7%

TOTAL 331 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 34

Work Surface - Heating and Refrigeration Workers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Sum

3.7%OTHER




20.9%

12.5%

7.7%

5.7%

FLOOR

GROUND

LADDER-PORTABLE


LOT

STAIRS/STEPS

156

H E A T I N G A N D R

WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 109 108 114 331



FLOOR 48 45 30 123

GROUND 13 14 35 62




ROOF-FLAT 6 2 3 11


LADDER-FIXED 0 1 2 3

CRAWL SPACE-E.G. BASEMENTS, ETC 2 0 0 2


STATIONARY MACHINERY 0 0 2 2

BOAT/BARGE/VESSEL 1 0 0 1

LOADING DOCK 1 0 0 1



Work Surface - Heating and Refrigeration Workers '97 - '99 LTI Summary



SCAFFOLD-SUPPORTED FROM BELOW 1 0 1

SIDEWALK/PATH/WALKWAY 0 1 0 1 STEEL SKELETON STRUCTURE 0 0 1 1


TOTAL 95 102 100 297




IINNSSUULLAATTOORRSS

injuries were sprains. 28% of in-transit injuries were to the

ankle, the single most commonly injured body part forinsulators.

3. Materials Handling – 21% of insulators’ LTIs are related tomaterials handling. Of these, 50% are the result of

overexertion and 46% the result of sprains. The hand and

back sustain injury most often (53% of cases). Materialshandling injuries are evenly distributed through carrying,

lifting, and loading or unloading.

The occupational hazards identified above are based on the factsdescribed below.

A review of accident type shows that falls are a factor in 35%of the LTIs to insulators—10% higher than the industry

St k b id t l th h lf th i d t

Back and spine injuries—an area

cases across the construction indu15% of injuries to insulators. How

14%, compared to just over 6% in



average. Struck-by accidents are less than half the industry

average at 10%.

Injuries involving portable ladders are at 16% in the trade,

compared to an industry average of 10%. Conversely, injuriesincurred on the floor are at 15%, compared to an industry

average of 22%; and on the ground at 22%, compared to anindustry average of 33%.

Applying material causes 23% of injuries to insulators,compared to less than 1% for construction as a whole. This

difference may be largely semantic: most other trades do notuse the term “applying” when describing their activities.

Installing results in over 13% of injuries compared to anindustry average of 7.6%.

PROJECT TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCENT

RECORDS 88 15504






COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 3 5.4% 5 187 2.5%

OTHER 12 21.4%

TOTAL 56 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 32

Project Type - Insulators vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Summ

21.4%OTHER

U L A T O R S



16.1%

8.9%

7.1%

5.4%


LOW RISE

INSTITUTIONAL


LOW RISE

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL


HEIGHT UNKNOWN

160

I N S U

PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 22 29 37 88








HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 0 1 2 3 1 COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 0 2 0 2 1

HYDRO 1 0 0 1 0

MINING 0 1 0 1 0





SUBWAY 0 0 1 1 0

TOTAL 14 17 25 56 19


Project Type - Insulators '97-'99 LTI Summary



CONSRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 22 29 37 88



INSULATION/WATERPROOFING/FIREPROOFING 16 22 27 65


MECHANICAL (PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK) 1 3 4

DECORATING/PAINTING 1 1

GENERAL CONTRACTING 1 1

GLAZING/WINDOW CONSTRUCTION/REPAIR 1 1 IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE) 1 1

MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING & EQUIPMENT THEREIN 1 1

MASONRY 1 1

MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIES 1 1

TOTAL 22 28 37 87


Construction Type - Insulators '97-'99 LTI Summary



TYPE OF ACCIDENT COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCEN

RECORDS 88 15504


FALLS 31 35.2% 1 2642 22.9

OVEREXERTION 16 18.2% 2 2933 25.4

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 10 11.4% 3 1244 10.8

STRUCK BY 9 10.2% 4 2575 22.3

STEPPED/KNELT ON 6 6.8% 5 192 1.7

OTHER 16 18.2%TOTAL 88 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 4

Type of Accident - Insulators vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Su

6.8%

18.2%

STEPPED/KNELT ON

OTHER

S U L A T O R S



18.2%

11.4%

10.2%

FALLS

OVEREXERTION

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK BY

164

I N S

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 22 29 37 88



FALLS 8 9 14 31



STRUCK BY 4 3 2 9


STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 1 1 3 5 CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE 0 1 2 3





TRIP OVER 1 0 0 1


TOTAL 21 31 36 88


Type of Accident - Insulators '97-'99 LTI Summary



PART OF BODY COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 88 15504


BACK/SPINE 14 15.1% 1 2952 23.

ANKLE 13 14.0%2 798 6.

SHOULDERS 10 10.8% 3 797 6.

ARM 8 8.6%4 647 5.

HANDS 8 8.6% 5 838 6.

OTHER 40 43.0%TOTAL 93 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 6

Part of Body - Insulators vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Sum

8.6%HANDS

OTHER

N S U L A T O R S



15.1%

14.0%

10.8%

8.6%

BACK/SPINE

ANKLE

SHOULDERS

ARM

166

I N

PART OF BODY

RECORDS 22 29 37 88



BACK/SPINE 3 4 7 14

ANKLE 4 6 3 13

SHOULDERS 2 3 5 10

ARM 3 2 3 8

HANDS 2 3 3 8

KNEE 2 2 3 7 EYES 4 1 1 6

CHEST/RIBS 0 3 2 5


WRIST 2 1 2 5

ELBOW 2 0 2 4

FOOT 0 2 0 2

LEG/THIGH 0 2 0 2

FINGERS 0 0 1 1


HEEL 0 0 1 1

Part of Body - Insulators '97-'99 LTI Summary



HIPS/PELVIS 0 0 1 1 TOTAL 27 31 35 93


INJURY TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 88 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 18 27.7% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 17 26.2% 2 1331 16



PUNCTURE 5 7.7% 5 269 3

OTHER 18 27.7%TOTAL 65 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 32

Injury Type - Insulators vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Sum

7.7%PUNCTURE

OTHER

N S U L A T O R S



9.2%

9.2%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE

CUT/LACERATION



IN EYE

168

I N

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 22 29 37 88




FRACTURE 8 4 5 17



PUNCTURE 1 3 1 5

ACHE/PAIN 1 0 3 4 BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 0 0 2 2




HEAT STROKE/SUN STROKE 0 1 0 1

INFECTION 0 0 1 1

TOTAL 17 26 22 65


Injury Type - Insulators '97-'99 LTI Summary



ACTIVITY COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCENT

RECORDS 88 15504


APPLYING 19 22.6%1 92 0.8%

INSTALLING 11 13.1% 2 829 7.6%

DESCENDING 6 7.1% 3 471 4.3%

WALKING 6 7.1% 4 829 7.6%

CARRYING 5 6.0% 5 663 6.1%

OTHER 37 44.0%TOTAL 84 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 4

Activity - Insulators vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Summary

6.0%

44.0

CARRYING

OTHER

N S U L A T O R S



22.6%

13.1%

7.1%

7.1%

APPLYING

INSTALLING

DESCENDING

WALKING

170

I

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 22 29 37 88


ACTIVITY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3yr PCT

APPLYING 6 9 4 19 6 22

INSTALLING 3 1 7 11 4 13.1%

DESCENDING 2 1 3 6 2 7.1%

WALKING 1 2 3 6 2 7.1%

CARRYING 2 3 5 2 6.0%

CUTTING 1 2 3 1 3.6%DISMOUNTING (FROM EQUIPMENT) 3 3 1 3.6%

JUMPING 1 2 3 1 3.6%

LOADING 3 3 1 3.6%

CRAWLING 2 2 1 2.4%

DRILLING 1 1 2 1 2.4%

HANDLING 1 1 2 1 2.4%

LIFTING 1 1 2 1 2.4%

MOVING 1 1 2 1 2.4%

PULLING 1 1 2 1 2.4%

REMOVING 1 1 2 1 2.4%

UNLOADING 1 1 2 1 2 4%

Activity - Insulators '97-'99 LTI Summary



UNLOADING 1 1 2 1 2.4%CLEANING 1 1 0 1.2%

CLIMBING 1 1 0 1.2%

DRIVING 1 1 0 1.2%

GRINDING 1 1 0 1.2%

HOLDING 1 1 0 1.2%

MEASURING 1 1 0 1.2%

PLASTERING 1 1 0 1.2%

POURING 1 1 0 1.2%

RAISING 1 1 0 1.2%

TOTAL 21 27 36 84 28 100.0%



RECORDS 88 15504


GROUND 17 22.4% 1 3381 32.


FLOOR 11 14.5% 3 2279 22.

SCAFFOLD-SUPPORTED FROM BELOW 8 10.5% 4 448 4.


OTHER 23 30.3%TOTAL 76 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 12

Work Surface - Insulators vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Sum

6.6%ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING

LOT

OTHER

N S U L A T O R S



22.4%

15.8%

14.5%

10.5%

GROUND

LADDER-PORTABLE

FLOOR

SCAFFOLD-SUPPORTED FROM

BELOW

172

I

WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 22 29 37 88



GROUND 8 9 17


FLOOR 6 3 2 11



BUILDING FLOOR-UNDER CONSTRUCTION 1 3 4 PLANK 1 3 4

STAIRS/STEPS 2 1 3

BENCH/CHAIR ETC. 1 1 2

CRAWL SPACE-E.G. BASEMENTS,FALSE CEILINGS,UNDE 2 2

MISCELLANEOUS 2 2

MOTOR VEHICLE 1 1


ROOF-FLAT 1 1


TRAILER OR TRUCK PLATFORM 1 1

WOOD SKELETON STRUCTURE 1 1TOTAL 19 26 31 76

Work Surface - Insulators '97-'99 LTI Summary



WOOD SKELETON STRUCTURE 1 1 TOTAL 19 26 31 76


IIRROONNWWOORRKKEERRSS



LTIs. This is not surprising, given th

not produce much scrap or debris andother trades and activities get started.

Observations:

M l M t i l H dli

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


IN TRANSIT 9 14 16 39 26%


OTHER 1 1 5 7 5%


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 44 60 61 165 110%

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 2 4

TOTAL LTIs 41 52

RO

N W O R K E R S



Direct installation for ironworkers includes cutting, welding,

prying, hoisting, guiding, connecting, bolting, installing, anddrilling. Direct installation activities accounted for 32% of all

LTIs during the study period.

Manual Materials Handling: Manual materials handling is a majorof all ironworkers' injuries can b

handling. Of these, 44% were relasecond (22%) and third (19%) highe

struck-by and slip injuries respectivel

for ironworkers is the weight of masteel, pipes, cables, handrails, etc.)

torches, compressors, gas tanks, etc

regularly uses lifting devices such ironworkers appear to be at high risk and slip injuries when preparing

TOTAL LTIs 41 52 60 153

174

I R O

IIRROONNWWOORRKKEERRSS

unloading. The manual shifting and carrying of material for final

positioning or in readiness to attach rigging hardware appears to be another major risk factor.

Direct Installation: Direct installation (32% of all LTIs) is the second highest-risk

activity for ironworkers. Struck-by LTIs appear to be a major problem during direct installation. For example, 40% of all direct

installation LTIs were caused by struck-by objects such as beams,

channel, pieces of steel, hammer, and slings. Overexertion wasthe second most frequently reported injury (20% of all direct

installation LTIs). Overexertion injuries typically involved thehandling of beams and chains and awkward posture while using

torches and wrenches.

In-Transit:

Injuries to ironworkers during in-transit activities such as walkingon the ground or on surfaces other than structural steel accounted

for 26% of all injuries. Of these, slips and falls accounted for


The percentage of fall-related LTIs am

than that for all construction. Over

total LTIs for ironworkers wereconstruction, the percentage was

frequently and for long periods w

ironworkers incur a lower number of that many workers in the trade rely on

control fall hazards.



for 26% of all injuries. Of these, slips and falls accounted for65%. The majority of slips and falls were related to walking on

steel beams, ground, and rough terrain. These types of injuries

accounted for 30% of all in-transit LTIs. The second highestcause of in-transit slips and falls was climbing up and down

ladders and steel beams. This activity accounted for 17% of allthe in-transit LTIs.


RECORDS 153 15504





INSTITUTIONAL 10 10.5% 4 430 5.8%


OTHER 17 17.9%TOTAL 95 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 58

PROJECT TYPE - Ironworkers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summar

9.5%

17.9%


PREMISES

OTHER

I R O N W O R K E R S



21.1%

13.7%

10.5%

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW

RISE

INSTITUTIONAL

176

I

PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 41 52 60 153







SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 4 5 9 3

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 2 1 2 5 2 MINING 1 2 3 1

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 1 1 2 1

PIPELINE (NATURAL GAS/OIL/WATER) 2 2 1

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 2 2 1

BRIDGE 1 1 0

HYDRO 1 1 0

OTHER BUILDING (BARN,GARAGE) 1 1 0

TOTAL 25 32 38 95 32


PROJECT TYPE - Ironworkers 97-99 LTI Summary




RECORDS 153 15504


ERECTION (CONCRETE,STEEL) 45 29.8% 1 92 0




WELDING 12 7.9% 5 178 1OTHER 21 13.9%

TOTAL 151 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 2

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Ironworkers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Su

7.9%

13.9%

WELDING

OTHER




23.2

13.9%

11.3%

ERECTION (CONCRETE,STEEL)


INSTALLATION

MECHANICAL


GENERAL CONTRACTING

178

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 41 52 60 153







WELDING 4 3 5 12

MISC.NON-CONSTRCTION ACTIVITIES 2 3 5 ELECTRICAL WORK 1 2 1 4

FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER IN SHOP/YARD/FACTOR 1 2 3

REFRACTORY 1 2 3

SIDING/EAVESTROUGHING/SHEET METAL 1 1 2

ERECTION (OTHER,I.E. PREFABS) 1 1

EXCAVATION 1 1

GLAZING/WINDOW CONSTRUCTION/REPAIR 1 1

MASONRY 1 1

TOTAL 41 51 59 151

NOT AVAILABLE 1 1 2

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Ironworkers 97-99 LTI Summary




RECORDS 153 15504


STRUCK BY 39 26.9% 1 2575 22.3

OVEREXERTION 28 19.3% 2 2933 25.4

FALLS 24 16.6% 3 2642 22.9

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 19 13.1% 4 1244 10.8


OTHER 20 13.8%TOTAL 145 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 21

TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Ironworkers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Sum

13 1%

10.3%

13.8%

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR

BETWEEN

OTHER




19.3%

16.6%

13.1%

STRUCK BY

OVEREXERTION

FALLS

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

180

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 41 52 60 153



STRUCK BY 9 14 16 39


FALLS 6 8 10 24



STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 1 2 2 5 STEPPED/KNELT ON 0 2 2 4


TRIP OVER 0 1 2 3




TOTAL 37 51 57 145


TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Ironworkers 97-99 LTI Summary




RECORDS 153 15504


BACK/SPINE 36 22.4% 1 2952 23.

FINGERS 16 9.9% 2 841 6.

KNEE 13 8.1% 3 787 6.

ANKLE 10 6.2%4 798 6.

ARM 10 6.2%5 647 5.

OTHER 7647.2%

TOTAL 161 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 4

PART OF BODY - Ironworkers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summ

6 2%

6.2%

ANKLE

ARM

OTHER




22.4%

9.9%

8.1%

6.2%

BACK/SPINE

FINGERS

KNEE

ANKLE

182

PART OF BODY

RECORDS 41 52 60 153




FINGERS 2 5 9 16

KNEE 4 5 4 13

ANKLE 4 3 3 10

ARM 3 2 5 10

SHOULDERS 3 4 3 10

LEG/THIGH 4 2 3 9

EYES 4 2 2 8

FOOT 3 1 4 8

WRIST 2 4 2 8

HANDS 1 0 6 7

CHEST/RIBS 3 1 0 4

ELBOW 0 3 1 4

THUMBS 0 2 2 4

NECK 1 0 2 3

EARS 1 1 0 2

TOES 0 1 1 2

ABDOMEN 1 0 0 1


PART OF BODY - Ironworkers 97-99 LTI Summary



GENITAL/URINARY 0 1 0 1

GROIN 0 0 1 1

HEEL 0 0 1 1



TOTAL 46 53 62 161



RECORDS 153 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 33 32.7% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 17 16.8% 2 1331 16


ACHE/PAIN 7 6.9%4 869 10


OTHER 24 23.8%

TOTAL 101 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 57

INJURY TYPE - Ironworkers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summa

6.9%

6.9%

23.8%

ACHE/PAIN


SURFACE INTACT

OTHER




16.8%

12.9%

6.9%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE

CUT/LACERATION


ACHE/PAIN

184

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 41 52 60 153




FRACTURE 3 9 5 17


ACHE/PAIN 2 2 3 7





AMPUTATION 0 1 1 2






NON OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESSTYPE NA 1 0 0 1

PUNCTURE 1 0 0 1


TORN LIGAMENTS OR CARTILAGE 0 0 1 1 TOTAL 29 42 30 101


INJURY TYPE - Ironworkers 97-99 LTI Summary





RECORDS 153 15504


MOVING 14 10.4% 1 537 4.9

WALKING 14 10.4% 2 829 7.6

WELDING 10 7.4% 3 108 1.0

CUTTING 9 6.7% 4 590 5.4

HANDLING 9 6.7% 5 305 2.8

OTHER 79 58.5%

TOTAL 135 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 18

ACTIVITY - Ironworkers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summary

6.7%

6.7%

CUTTING

HANDLING

OTHER




10.4%

10.4%

7.4%

MOVING

WALKING

WELDING

186

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 41 52 60 153



MOVING 3 7 4 14

WALKING 5 4 5 14

WELDING 6 1 3 10

CUTTING 3 3 3 9

HANDLING 2 3 4 9

CLIMBING 2 3 3 8

DESCENDING 1 3 2 6

LIFTING 2 2 2 6

SECURING 1 2 3 6

INSTALLING 3 2 5

STANDING 2 3 5

RAISING 1 3 4

CARRYING 2 1 3

CRAWLING 2 1 3

ERECTING 2 1 3

GUIDING 3 3

HAMMERING 1 2 3

REMOVING 1 1 1 3 ADJUSTING 1 1 2

CONNECTING 1 1 2

ACTIVITY - Ironworkers 97-99 LTI Summary



CONNECTING 1 1 2

DRILLING 1 1 2

HOLDING 2 2

JUMPING 1 1 2

UNLOADING 2 2

DISCONNECTING 1 1

DRIVING 1 1

GRINDING 1 1

LOOSENING 1 1

LOWERING 1 1 PUSHING 1 1

REACHING 1 1

ROLLING 1 1

SIGNALLING 1 1

TOTAL 35 47 53 135




WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 41 52 60 153

OCCURRENCES 3 0 1 4


GROUND 6 14 23 43

FLOOR 10 13 6 29


STEEL SKELETON STRUCTURE-STRUCTURAL STEEL ON 1 2 4 7


MISCELLANEOUS 4 2 6









PLANK 1 1

PLATFORM 1 1

RAMP/CATWALK 1 1

ROOF-TYPE UNKNOWN 1 1 SIDEWALK/PATH/WALKWAY 1 1


WORK SURFACE - Ironworkers 97-99 LTI Summary



TANK/DRUM 1 1

UNDER EQUIPMENT OR VEHICLE 1 1

TOTAL 31 43 49 123


LLAABBOOUURREERRSS – – LLOOWW--RRIISSEE RREESSIIDDEENNTTIIAALL

LTIs according to major tasks: Direct Installation – Direct instal

connected with installation but does nmaterials or equipment being installe

post-hole is a direct installation activi

concrete to the hole is not.

Materials Handling – Any activiequipment to support or facilitate in

materials handling. For example, loasand needed at a cement mixing opera

In Transit – Walking from one locamaterial for work being done on site i

activity. Walking on site while carryis classified as both in-transit and mat


Poor housekeeping accounted for 5%rise residential labourers. Of these

punctures or slashes from protrudin

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


IN TRANSIT 49 79 67 195 21%


OTHER 8 9 7 24 3%


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 261 354 372 987 108%

TOTAL LTIs 243 324 345 912 L A B O U R E R S L R R



Labourers in general perform a wide range of tasks involving

both direct installation and materials handling. Labourers in thelow-rise residential sector are no different. Defining specific

tasks as either direct installation or materials handling can bedifficult.

For labourers in the low-rise residential sector, the three major

activities—direct installation, materials handling, and in-transit—can be distinguished as follows:

punctures or slashes from protrudin

tripping or slipping over construction

LTIs 1997 1998 1

Related to poor

housekeeping 15 13

TOTAL LTIs 243 324

190

LLAABBOOUURREERRSS – – LLOOWW--RRIISSEE RREESSIIDDEENNTTIIAALL

Observations:

The main hazards to labourers in the low-rise residential sectorcan be categorized as follows.

1. Direct Installation – This activity accounted for 44% of allLTIs in the trade. The most common types of installation

accidents involve workers being struck by material orequipment (33%), overexertion (29%), and falls (21%). The

most common types of installation injuries are cuts andlacerations (17%), sprains and strains (14%), and fractures

(9%). Work surfaces for the majority of accidents are ground(33%), floor under construction (17%), and floor (14%).


all LTIs in the trade. Of these, 57% occurred on the ground,

followed by floor under construction at 9%, and floor at 8%.Major types of materials handling accidents are falls (24%),

struck by material or equipment (16%), and slips not resultingin falls (9%). The most common types of injuries during

materials handling are sprain/strain (27%), ache/pain (9%),


When injuries related to the th

installation, materials handling, and i

becomes apparent that low-rise resicommonly injured in general co

construction is where 39% of tcomparison, general contracting acco

the LTIs in construction over the sam

After general contracting, the secondfor low-rise residential labourers in

followed by concrete forming (13%)

only 9.5% of all LTIs in constructionconcrete forming for only 4.4%.

Falls remain the single greatest cau

labourers in the low-rise residential se

resulted from falls. Of these, 73% we(22% of their total LTIs). In all co

period, falls accounted for only 23% o



materials handling are sprain/strain (27%), ache/pain (9%),

and fractures (8%).

3. In Transit – These activities contributed to 21% of all LTIsamong low-rise residential labourers. The majority of in-

transit accidents happened on the ground (45%), followed bystairs or steps (10%) and portable ladders (8%). Falls

represent the highest single type of accident at 43%, followed

by slips not resulting in falls at 22% and overexertion at 14%.Sprains and strains at 24% make up the most common type of

injury, followed by fractures at 14%.


3YR TOTAL ALL


RECORDS 912 15504


GENERAL CONTRACTING 353 38.8% 1 1524 13.0

CARPENTRY 206 22.7% 2 1115 9.5

FORMING 115 12.7% 3 521 4.4

MASONRY 48 5.3% 4 621 5.3

CONCRETE/CEMENT WORK/CORE DRILLING 39 4.3% 5 206 1.8OTHER 112 16.3%

TOTAL 909 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 3

Construction Type - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise VS. All Cons

1997 - 99 Total LTI Summary

5 3%

4.3%

16.3%

MASONRY

CONCRETE/CEMENT

WORK/CORE DRILLING

OTHER

L A B O U R E R S L R R



22.7%

12.7%

5.3%

GENERAL CONTRACTING

CARPENTRY

FORMING

MASONRY

192

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 243 324 345 912



GENERAL CONTRACTING 96 126 131 353 11

CARPENTRY 53 69 84 206 6

FORMING 23 47 45 115 3

MASONRY 19 14 15 48 1

CONCRETE/CEMENT WORK/CORE DRILLING 15 12 12 39 1

SLOPED ROOFING (SHINGLES) 13 18 7 38 1

MECHANICAL (PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK) 5 12 18 35 1MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING & EQUIPMENT THEREIN 4 3 6 13




DECORATING/PAINTING 1 5 1 7


EXCAVATION 1 3 4

RESTORATION (SANDBLASTING/RENOVATING/EXTERIO 1 2 1 4


CONCRETE & CEMENT FINISHING (CEMENT FLOOR FINI 1 1 2


LANDSCAPING 1 1


ROOFING-TYPE UNKNOWN 1 1

TOTAL 242 323 344 909 30

Construction Type - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise 97- 99 LTI Su



TOTAL 242 323 344 909 30



3YR TOTAL ALL


RECORDS 912 15504


FALLS 265 29.6% 1 2642 22.9%

OVEREXERTION 211 23.5% 2 2933 25.4%

STRUCK BY 202 22.5% 3 2575 22.3%

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 100 11.2% 4 1244 10.8%

STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 42 4.7% 5 529 4.6%

OTHER 76 8.5%

TOTAL 896 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 39

Type of Accident - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise VS. All Constr

1997- 99 Total LTI Summary

11.2%

4.7%

8.5%

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK/THROWN

AGAINST

OTHER




23.5%

22.5%

%

FALLS

OVEREXERTION

STRUCK BY

S ( O )

194

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 243 324 345 912



FALLS 75 96 94 265 88

OVEREXERTION 52 73 86 211 70

STRUCK BY 53 68 81 202 67

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 28 33 39 100 33



TRIP OVER 5 14 7 26 9STEPPED/KNELT ON 6 5 4 15 5

VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS 2 2 1

CONTACT WITH ELECTRIC CURRENT 1 1 0

RUBBED OR ABRADED 1 1 0

TOTAL 241 317 338 896 299


Type of Accident - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise 97- 99 LTI Sum




3YR TOTAL ALL


RECORDS 912 15504


BACK/SPINE 229 24.6% 1 2952 23.7%

ANKLE 83 8.9%2 798 6.4%

LEG/THIGH 79 8.5% 3 688 5.5%

FINGERS 67 7.2% 4 841 6.7%

KNEE 67 7.2% 5 787 6.3%

OTHER 406 43.6%TOTAL 931 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 54

Part of Body - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise VS. All Construction


7.2%

7.2%

4

FINGERS

KNEE

OTHER




24.6%

8.9%

8.5%

BACK/SPINE

ANKLE

LEG/THIGH

196

PART OF BODYRECORDS 243 324 345 912


PART OF BODY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3y

BACK/SPINE 69 77 83 229 76

ANKLE 19 35 29 83 2

LEG/THIGH 22 31 26 79 26

FINGERS 20 20 27 67 22

KNEE 14 34 19 67 22

HANDS 9 30 17 56 19

SHOULDERS 8 22 18 48 16

FOOT 16 12 17 45 15 WRIST 12 8 25 45 15

ARM 13 11 13 37 1

THUMBS 7 11 8 26 9

CHEST/RIBS 10 5 10 25 8

EYES 7 7 10 24 8

ELBOW 2 9 6 17 6

SKULL & SCALP 1 5 6 12 4

NECK 7 4 11 4

HEEL 5 1 2 8 3

METATARSAL (UPPER FOOT) 4 2 1 7 2

SOLE 3 2 2 7 2

TOES 4 1 2 7 2

FACE/LIPS/CHIN 3 3 6 2 NOSE & THROAT 1 4 5 2

GROIN 3 1 4 1

HIPS/PELVIS 2 1 1 4 1

ABDOMEN 1 2 3

Part of Body - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise 97- 99 LTI Summary



ABDOMEN 1 2 3


JAW 2 2 1

TRUNK AREA NA 2 2 1

BROKEN GLASSES,ETC (NO INJURY) 1 1 0

GENITAL/URINARY 1 1 0

TOTAL 258 341 332 931 310



3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCE

RECORDS 912 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 178 30.1% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 103 17.4% 2 1331 16


ACHE/PAIN 56 9.5%4 869 10

OTHER 156 26.4%TOTAL 591 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 351

InjuryType - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise VS. All Construct


16.6%

9.5%

26.

CUT/LACERATION


ACHE/PAIN

OTHER




17.4%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE


198

INJURY TYPERECORDS 243 324 345 912




FRACTURE 26 42 35 103


ACHE/PAIN 13 15 28 56

PUNCTURE 12 14 18 44



SCRATCHES/ABRASIONS/ SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS 5 5 2 12 DISLOCATION/LOCKED JOINT 3 2 5 10

TORN LIGAMENTS OR CARTILAGE 1 7 8



CRUSH 2 2 4

OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS NEC 1 3 4

PINCHED NERVE 1 2 3

AMPUTATION 1 1

COLLAPSE 1 1

ELECTRICAL SHOCK 1 1

MULTIPLE INJURIES 1 1

TOTAL 137 247 207 591


Injury Type - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise 97- 99 LTI Summ




3YR TOTAL ALL


RECORDS 912 15504


CARRYING 98 11.5% 1 663 6.1%

LIFTING 98 11.5% 2 41213 11.1%

WALKING 94 11.0% 3 829 7.6%

HAMMERING 72 8.4% 4 406 3.7%

CUTTING 68 8.0% 5 590 5.4%OTHER 424 49.6%

TOTAL 854 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 58

Activity - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise VS. All Constructio


8.4%

8.0%

HAMMERING

CUTTING

OTHER

L A

B O U R E R S L R R



11.5%

11.5%

11.0%

CARRYING

LIFTING

WALKING

200

ACTIVITYRECORDS 243 324 345 912



CARRYING 23 41 34 98 33

LIFTING 27 39 32 98 33

WALKING 24 41 29 94 3

HAMMERING 22 25 25 72 24

CUTTING 16 20 32 68 23

MOVING 12 13 15 40 13

INSTALLING 13 12 13 38 13

REMOVING 7 10 17 34 1

DESCENDING 10 16 7 33 1

HANDLING 4 10 11 25 8

CLIMBING 4 4 10 18 6

PULLING 5 8 5 18 6

STANDING 4 7 7 18 6

SHOVELLING 3 5 8 16 5

PLACING 7 3 4 14 5

HOUSEKEEPING 6 5 2 13 4

PUSHING 4 6 2 12 4

DISMOUNTING (FROM EQUIPMENT) 2 3 5 10 3

DRILLING 2 3 5 10 3STRIPPING 1 7 8 3

BREAKING 2 5 7 2

HOLDING 1 3 3 7 2

UNLOADING 2 1 4 7 2

APPLYING 2 4 6

Activity - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise 97- 99 LTI Summar



APPLYING 2 4 6

ERECTING 3 1 2 6 2

LOADING 2 2 2 6 2

PRYING 2 2 2 6 2

CLEANING 1 2 2 5 2

PAINTING 1 3 1 5 2

DISMANTLING 4 4

JUMPING 1 1 2 4 REPAIRING 1 1 2 4


TOTAL 233 303 318 854 285




WORK SURFACERECORDS 243 324 345 912



GROUND 97 109 133 339


FLOOR 32 33 27 92





ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 6 5 9 20 RAMP/CATWALK 7 7 2 16


TOP OF WALL 1 5 5 11

PLATFORM 2 4 6

PLANK 2 2 1 5

TRENCH/DITCH 2 3 5

MOTOR VEHICLE 2 2 4


SIDEWALK/PATH/WALKWAY 4 4

EXCAVATION/PIT 3 3

MISCELLANEOUS 2 1 3

ROOF-FLAT 1 2 3 STAGING-SUSPENDED FROM ABOVE 1 2 3


HEAVY MOBILE EQUIPMENT & MACHINERY 1 1 2

ROOF-TYPE UNKNOWN 1 1 2

Work Surface - Labourers - Residential Low-Rise 97- 99 LTI Summ



UNDER EQUIPMENT OR VEHICLE 1 1 2

WET CONCRETE 2 2

CRAWL SPACE-E.G. FALSE CEILINGS,UNDERNEATH A HOUSE, ETC 1 1

FORMWORK 1 1

VEHICLE STEP 1 1

TOTAL 231 286 298 815


LLAABBOOUURREERRSS – – NNOONN--LLRRRR PPRROOJJEECCTTSS


Labourers in the non-low-rise residential (non-LRR) sector carry

out a wide variety of tasks. Installation tasks include erecting



to non-LRR labourers. The majority o

because of trips and slips on debaccidents were workers tripping over

or mud. Material falling into treninjuring workers was also common

housekeeping-related injuries.

Observations:

The main occupational hazards fo

projects can be categorized as follows

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


IN TRANSIT 102 173 181 456 17%DIRECTINSTALLATION 251 378 340 969 37%

OTHER 38 74 65 177 7%

NOT REPORTED 46 63 73 182 7%

TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 726 1136 1027 2771 106%

TOTAL LTIs 664 996 959 2619

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 51 64

TOTAL LTIs 664 996

L A B O U R E R S N O N - L R R



y gscaffold and fences, laying pipes and digging trenches, breaking

concrete, sandblasting, laying road surfaces, and finishingconcrete. In the non-union sector, labourers frequently carry out

tasks normally done by tradespeople. Their installation activities

can range from cutting lumber to laying bricks and planting trees.

Materials handling tasks include shovelling, mixing concrete,loading, and unloading.

1. Materials handling – Much of a

involves handling materials. classification accounts for 38% of

handling injuries were caused byinjuries were to the back, with 85

of materials handling injuries wereither the worker was struck by t

or by a falling object.

204

LLAABBOOUURREERRSS – – NNOONN--LLRRRR PPRROOJJEECCTTSS

2. Direct Installation – Direct installation activities were

responsible for 37% of the LTIs in the trade. Falls duringdirect installation accounted for 22% of these injuries, not far

from the 20% of injuries caused by falls during all activities.

15% of direct installation injuries were struck-by injuries,compared to 26% of all injuries in non-LRR construction.

The majority of struck-by injuries were to the hand.

3. In Transit – 17% of all LTIs occurred while non-LRRlabourers were in transit. Of these in-transit injuries, 20%were reported as climbing up or down ladders and 25% as

walking. In 25% of the in-transit injuries the worker wascarrying material or equipment. Slips and falls accounted for

35% of these injuries while 20% were struck-by injuries.

The occupational hazards identified above are based on the facts

described below:

Many of the injuries in this sector involve lifting, digging,and prying, often in awkward locations such as trenches and

around formwork and involving heavy materials orequipment. Overexertion accounted for over 25% of all LTIs

to labourers in the non-LRR sector. Overexertion was

(8%). Falls due to uneven ground

for many sprain/strain injuries. compounded by the worker car

articles. Falls were proportionatel

construction.

Back and spine injuries accountenon-LRR labourers. Most of thes

overexertion. Most back and spinthe worker was involved in eit

materials handling activities and or carrying.



responsible for 63% of back and spine injuries, and 10% of

shoulder injuries. Together these two accounted for 18% of

all injuries in the trade.

Falls accounted for 20% of all injuries, slightly below the all-

construction rate of 23%. The majority of falls were fromladders (22%) and from scaffolds (17%). Workers who fellwere mostly in transit (13%), installing (9%), or carrying

PROJECT TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCEN

RECORDS 2619 15504


ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET 318 23.0% 1 658 8

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 183 13.2% 2 818 11

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 128 9.3% 3 553 7

INSTITUTIONAL 120 8.7% 4 430 5

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 117 8.5% 5 9 10

OTHER 516 37.3%TOTAL 1382 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 1237

Project Type - Labourers (not low-rise residential) Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Sum

8.7%

8.5%

INSTITUTIONAL


RISE

OTHER




23.0%

13.2%

9.3%

ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET


PREMISES

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

206

PROJECT TYPERECORDS 662 981 976 2619

OCCURRENCES 662 981 976 2619


ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET 83 120 115 318


LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 29 55 44 128

INSTITUTIONAL 32 48 40 120

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 28 50 39 117

SEWER & WATERMAIN 25 27 21 73

TEMPORARY AGENCY WORK 19 29 25 73 HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 26 15 11 52

PIPELINE (NATURAL GAS/OIL/WATER) 8 23 19 50



BRIDGE 7 10 12 29

OTHER BUILDING (BARN,GARAGE) 8 7 11 26

SWIMMING POOLS 5 11 8 24

MISC. NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 3 5 12 20

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 8 4 7 19


SUBWAY 1 3 7 11 RAILROAD/TRACK WSORK 3 2 4 9

MINING 2 3 2 7

SILO 3 2 5

FILTRATION PLANT 2 1 1 4

HYDRO 3 0 1 4

Project Type- Labourers (not low-rise residential) '97 - '99 LTI Summary



RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 3 1 0 4

ASPHALT PLANT 2 0 1 3

CRUSHING PLANTS & GRAVEL PITS 1 1 1 3

DAMS/PIERS/BREAKWATER 1 2 0 3

MARINE (SURFACE) 1 1 0 2

PETROCHEMICAL 1 1 2

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT 1 1 0 2

NUCLEAR 1 0 0 1

TOTAL 367 537 478 1382


CONSTRUCTION TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 2619 15504



MASONRY 201 7.8% 2 621 5

MISC.NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 177 6.9% 3 699 5

FORMING 152 5.9% 4 521 4


OTHER 1341 52.0%

TOTAL 2581 100.0%NOT AVAILABLE 36

Construction Type - Labourers (not low-rise residential) Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI S

6 9%

5.9%

5.9%

MISC NON CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

FORMING

MECHANICAL


OTHER




21.6%

7.8%

6.9%

GENERAL CONTRACTING

MASONRY


208

CONSTRUCTION TYPERECORDS 662 981 976 2619

OCCURRENCES 647 972 962 2581



MASONRY 44 80 77 201


FORMING 36 59 57 152



PAVING/GRADING/HOT LAID ASPHALT 31 52 60 143 CONCRETE/CEMENT WORK/CORE DRILLING 17 32 40 89



FLAT ROOFING 20 24 23 67



RESTORATION (SANDBLASTING/RENOVATING) 12 19 19 50


FABRICATION/MANUFACTURING 11 26 11 48





CARPENTRY 14 12 7 33


DEMOLITION 8 8 11 27

SLOPED ROOFING (SHINGLES) 15 12 27

Construction Type - Labourers (not low-rise residential) '97 - '99 LTI Summa



SLOPED ROOFING (SHINGLES) 15 12 27




GLAZING/WINDOW CONSTRUCTION/REPAIR 5 3 8 16

REFRACTORY 5 4 5 14

SIDEWALK WORK/CURB/GUTTER 1 8 4 13

WELDING 3 5 5 13

TUNNELLING 0 7 5 12

OTHER 26 32 27 85

TOTAL 647 972 962 2581


TYPE OF ACCIDENT COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCEN

RECORDS 2619 15504


STRUCK BY 666 26.3% 1 2575 22.3

OVEREXERTION 638 25.2% 2 2933 25.4

FALLS 496 19.6% 3 2642 22.9

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 261 10.3% 4 1244 10.8


OTHER 325 12.8%


Type of Accident - Labourers (not low-rise residential) Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI S

19.6%

10.3%

5.8%

12.8%

FALLS

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR

BETWEEN

OTHER




STRUCK BY

OVEREXERTION

210

TYPE OF ACCIDENTRECORDS 662 981 976 2619

OCCURRENCES 682 1022 1004 2708


STRUCK BY 153 260 253 666 2


FALLS 151 187 158 496 1




TRIP OVER 6 19 31 56 CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE 11 19 17 47



CONTACT/EXPOSURE DUST, 4 7 6 17




CONTACT WITH,EXPOSURE TO NOISE (EARS ONLY) 1 2 0 3


EXPLOSION 0 0 1 1

TOTAL 640 972 921 2533 8


Type of Accident - Labourers (not low-rise residential) '97 - '99 LTI Summar



PART OF BODY COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 2619 15504


BACK/SPINE 627 21.8% 1 2952 23.

FINGERS 192 6.7% 2 841 6.

HANDS 189 6.6% 3 838 6.

LEG/THIGH 181 6.3% 4 681 5.

ANKLE 162 5.6%5 798 6.

OTHER 1527 53.1%


Part of Body - Labourers (not low-rise residential) Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Sum

6.6%

6.3%

5.6%

HANDS

LEG/THIGH

ANKLE

OTHER

L A B

O U R E R S N O N - L R R



21.8%

6.7%

BACK/SPINE

FINGERS

212

PART OF BODYRECORDS 662 981 976 2619

OCCURRENCES 751 1078 1049 2878


BACK/SPINE 158 275 194 627 2

FINGERS 43 75 74 192

HANDS 30 75 84 189

LEG/THIGH 69 50 62 181

ANKLE 40 64 58 162


KNEE 52 59 45 156 ARM 44 55 39 138

WRIST 27 44 43 114

FOOT 33 35 41 109

EYES 21 48 36 105


THUMBS 21 23 26 70

CHEST/RIBS 14 18 21 53

NECK 22 13 18 53

ELBOW 11 10 21 42




GROIN 4 13 6 23


TOES 6 4 8 18

HEEL 8 3 5 16

SOLE 5 3 5 13

Part of Body - Labourers (not low-rise residential) '97 - '99 LTI Summary




ABDOMEN 2 3 4 9

BUTTOCKS 2 4 3 9

EARS 1 4 0 5


JAW 0 3 0 3 TEETH & GUMS 1 2 0 3


OTHER 1 1 2 4

TOTAL 751 1078 1049 2878 9


INJURY TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 2619 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 504 29.8% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 259 15.3% 2 1331 16


ACHE/PAIN 192 11.4%4 869 10


OTHER 389 29.1%


Injury Type - Labourers (not low-rise residential) Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Sum

14.4%

11.4%

6.0%

CUT/LACERATION


ACHE/PAIN


SURFACE INTACT

OTHER

L A B




15.3%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE

214

INJURY TYPERECORDS 662 981 976 2619

OCCURRENCES 679 1006 995 2680



FRACTURE 63 111 85 259


ACHE/PAIN 54 56 82 192



PUNCTURE 12 16 19 47 BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 12 20 13 45



AMPUTATION 4 8 7 19


CRUSH 5 4 5 14

CONCUSSION 1 7 4 12












Injury Type - Labourers (not low-rise residential) '97 - '99 LTI Summary





FROST BITE/FREEZING 0 0 2 2

HEAT STROKE/SUN STROKE 0 0 2 2

POISON IVY 0 1 1 2

RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS 1 1 0 2 STIFF JOINTS 2 0 0 2

OTHER 1 3 2 6

TOTAL 389 730 571 1690


ACTIVITY COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCEN

RECORDS 2619 15504


LIFTING 249 10.4% 1 1213 11.

WALKING 162 6.7% 2 829 7.6

MOVING 147 6.1% 3 537 4.9

CARRYING 143 6.0% 4 663 6.1

REMOVING 129 5.4% 5 407 3.7

OTHER 1572 65.4%


Activity - Labourers (not low-rise residential) Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Summ

6.1%

6.0%

5.4%

MOVING

CARRYING

REMOVING

OTHER

L A B




10.4%

6.7%

LIFTING

WALKING

216

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 662 981 976 2619

OCCURRENCES 662 981 976 2619


LIFTING 58 105 86 249

WALKING 42 55 65 162

MOVING 45 48 54 147

CARRYING 37 48 58 143

REMOVING 32 55 42 129

CUTTING 30 39 42 111


SHOVELLING 21 27 32 80 HANDLING 26 29 21 76

STANDING 24 23 28 75


UNLOADING 17 21 28 66

PULLING 16 22 24 62

LOADING 16 19 22 57

HAMMERING 8 27 20 55

BREAKING 10 14 24 48



PLACING 9 13 15 37 PUSHING 6 16 14 36

CLEANING 8 17 10 35

CLIMBING 9 14 10 33

HOLDING 5 12 16 33

STRIPPING 8 11 14 33

HOUSEKEEPING 9 10 9 28

Activity - Labourers (not low-rise residential) '97 - '99 LTI Summary



SMOOTHING 6 11 10 27

GUIDING 7 7 11 25

JUMPING 7 6 12 25

SECURING 6 11 8 25

DRILLING 5 8 11 24 APPLYING 6 9 7 22

DRIVING 9 5 8 22

OTHER 70 117 107 294

TOTAL 613 900 889 2402 8


WORK SURFACE COUNT PERCENT RANK ALL CONST. PERCE

RECORDS 2619 15504


GROUND 1013 44.8% 1 3381 32.

FLOOR 361 16.0% 2 2279 22.




OTHER 438 19.4%

TOTAL 2259 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 360

Work Surface - Labourers (not low-rise residential) Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Sum

8.7%

5.8%

5.3%

19.4%


LOT

LADDER-PORTABLE


BELOW

OTHER

L A B




16.0%

GROUND

FLOOR

218

WORK SURFACERECORDS 662 981 976 2619

OCCURRENCES 662 981 976 2619


GROUND 210 369 434 1013 3

FLOOR 122 140 99 361






ROOF-FLAT 12 17 11 40







PLANK 4 4 5 13




RAMP/CATWALK 4 4 2 10 PLATFORM 0 5 4 9



BRIDGE 3 2 2 7

PIPE 3 3 0 6


Work Surface - Labourers (not low-rise residential) '97 - '99 LTI Summary



TOP OF WALL 1 4 1 6

FORMWORK 1 3 1 5

WET CONCRETE 2 3 0 5


SWIMMING POOL 2 0 2 4 BOAT/BARGE/VESSEL 1 1 1 3

LOADING DOCK 1 2 0 3

OTHER 5 7 8 20

TOTAL 588 851 820 2259 7


MMIILLLLWWRRIIGGHHTTSS


Direct installation for millwrights includes measuring, adjusting,

tightening, loosening, levelling, and greasing. Pushing andmoving machine and machine parts into place is considered

direct installation and, depending on circumstances, may also be


For millwrights, housekeeping was

factor in 8% of the LTIs. Injuries oc

activities and circumstances, includinon something, such as ice, construc

ground.

Observations:

Millwrights work in industrial settingin this analysis reflects construction based on a relatively small numbe

expressed could be based on onlyrepresent a high value. As a result, a

may skew results shown by these valu

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


IN TRANSIT 8 8 7 23 21%DIRECTINSTALLATION 12 23 16 51 46%

OTHER 7 7 5 19 17%


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 39 47 33 119 107%

TOTAL LTIs 34 44 33 111

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 3 4

TOTAL LTIs 34 44

M I L L W R I G H T S



included under materials handling. The main occupational hazards we

findings are described below.

1. Direct Installation – This activitLTIs in the trade. The most co

220

MMIILLLLWWRRIIGGHHTTSS

struck-by injuries (29% of all LTIs). 74% of struck-by

injuries occurred during direct installation and accounted for33% of all direct installation injuries. Struck-by injuries

occurred nearly 30% of the time from objects slipping and

falling; other occurrences involved being hit by machinery,airborne material, or dropping material. Hands, eyes, and feet

were most often cited as the body part struck.

Fractures were recorded as the second most common injury

type at 20%. Almost half (47%) occurred during directinstallation and represented 14% all direct installation

injuries. The majority of fractures affected the foot andresulted mainly from falling and struck-by incidents.*


the LTIs to millwrights. Back/spine was recorded as the most

common body part injured (16% of all LTIs). 55% of back/spine injuries occurred during materials handling and

accounted for 38% of all materials handling injuries.

Overexertion was described in 78% of all back/spine injuries.

Overexertion was the second highest type of accident for allLTIs at 21%. Almost half of all overexertion injuries (43%)

occurred while lifting heavy equipment. For all back/spineinjuries, the type of injury recorded most often was

sprains/strains at 55% For all back/spine injuries the activity

hip injuries were third. The inju

(25%) was a sprain. Half of the category were not available.*

3. In Transit – In-transit activitclimbing (often on ladders) and

LTIs to millwrights. Falls were thof accident (18% of all LTIs) and

transit injuries. For millwrights,

fall and a ladder represented 18%

Strain/sprain was the injury type LTIs (22%) and was reported

injuries. 62% of the strain/sprain while millwrights were climbin

(vehicle, equipment, etc.).*


Activities recorded for all injuri

distributed. Moving and lifting ac

frequent activities, at 11% and 9%



sprains/strains at 55%. For all back/spine injuries, the activitymost frequently cited was lifting at 33%, followed by moving

and unloading at 17% each.

Of the materials handling injuries, the second most common body part injured was the finger (15%). Knee, groin, arm, and

* Approximately one third of the


large number of unknowns, cauwhen using comparisons based on


RECORDS 112 15504





MINING 2 2.6% 4 46 0.6%

HYDRO 1 1.3% 5 19 0.3%

OTHER 3 3.8%


Project Type - Millwrights vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Sum

16.7%

2.6%

1.3%

3.8%


PREMISES

MINING

HYDRO

OTHER




29.5%

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL

222

PROJECT TYPERECORDS 34 45 33 112






MINING 2 2 1

HYDRO 1 1 0

PETROCHEMICAL 1 1 0

PIPELINE (NATURAL GAS/OIL/WATER) 1 1 0

SILO 1 1 0

TOTAL 21 35 22 78 26


Project Type - Millwrights 97-99 LTI Summary



CONSTRUCTION TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 112 15504





FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER - SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 5 4.5% 4 202 1


OTHER 1 8.0%

TOTAL 112 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 0

Construction Type - Millwrights vs All Construction 97-99 Total LT

5.4%

4.5%

3.6%

8.0%


FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER -

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY

ELECTRICAL WORK

OTHER




17.0%


INSTALLATION

MECHANICAL


224

CONSTRUCTION TYPERECORDS 34 45 33 112






FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER - SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 2 2 1 5



ENGINEERING SERVICES (INSPECTION,TESTING, ETC) 1 1



MASONRY 1 1

WELDING 1 1

TOTAL 34 45 33 112


Construction Type - Millwrights 97-99 LTI Summary




RECORDS 112 15504


STRUCK BY 32 29.1% 1 2575 22.3

OVEREXERTION 23 20.9% 2 2933 25.4

FALLS 20 18.2% 3 2642 22.9


SLIP (NOT A FALL) 6 5.5% 5 1244 10.8

OTHER 16 14.5%

TOTAL 110 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 2

Type of Accident - Millwrights vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI

18.2%

11.8%

5.5%

14.5%

FALLS

CAUGHT IN, UNDER ORBETWEEN

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

OTHER




20.9%

STRUCK BY

OVEREXERTION

226

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 34 45 33 112





FALLS 3 10 7 20








CONTACT WITH,EXPOSURE TO NOISE (EARS ONLY) 1 0 0 1

TRIP OVER 1 0 0 1


TOTAL 32 45 33 110


Type of Accident - Millwrights 97-99 LTI Summary




RECORDS 112 15504


BACK/SPINE 19 16.4% 1 2952 23.

FINGERS 12 10.3% 2 841 6.

KNEE 11 9.5% 3 787 6.

HANDS 10 8.6% 4 838 6.

EYES 9 7.8% 5 554 4.

OTHER 55 47.4%

TOTAL 116 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 7

Part of Body - Millwrights vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Su

9.5%

8.6%

7.8%

KNEE

HANDS

EYES

OTHER




16.4%

10.3%

BACK/SPINE

FINGERS

228

PART OF BODY

RECORDS 34 45 33 112




FINGERS 6 3 3 12

KNEE 0 8 3 11

HANDS 4 2 4 10

EYES 2 2 5 9

SHOULDERS 5 3 0 8

ANKLE 1 3 3 7

LEG/THIGH 4 2 0 6 FOOT 0 3 2 5

ARM 1 3 0 4

CHEST/RIBS 2 1 1 4

GROIN 1 1 1 3



NECK 2 0 0 2

THUMBS 0 1 1 2

WRIST 0 1 1 2

ABDOMEN 0 0 1 1

EARS 1 0 0 1 GENERAL BODY INJURY (EG ELECTRIC SHOCK) 0 1 0 1

HEEL 0 1 0 1

HIPS/PELVIS 1 0 0 1



TOTAL 38 49 29 116


Part of Body - Millwrights 97-99 LTI Summary




RECORDS 112 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 16 21.6% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 15 20.3% 2 1131 16


ACHE/PAIN 7 9.5%4 869 10


OTHER 22 29.7%

TOTAL 74 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 40

Injury Type - Millwrights vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Su

10.8%

9.5%

8.1%


IN EYE

ACHE/PAIN


SURFACE INTACT

OTHER




21.6%

20.3%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE

230

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 34 45 33 112




FRACTURE 4 7 4 15


ACHE/PAIN 1 5 1 7



CRUSH 1 2 1 4

BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 2 0 0 2 HERNIA/RUPTURE 0 2 0 2



AMPUTATION 0 0 1 1





TOTAL 17 37 20 74


Injury Type - Millwrights 97-99 LTI Summary




RECORDS 112 15504


MOVING 11 10.8% 1 537 4.9

LIFTING 9 8.8% 2 1213 11.

INSTALLING 8 7.8% 3 829 7.6

CUTTING 5 4.9% 4 590 5.4

STANDING 5 4.9% 5 283 2.6

OTHER 64 62.7%

TOTAL 102 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 10

Activity - Millwrights vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Sum

7.8%

4.9%

4.9%

INSTALLING

CUTTING

STANDING

OTHER




10.8%

8.8%

MOVING

LIFTING

232

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 34 45 33 112OCCURRENCES 34 45 33 112


MOVING 6 4 1 11

LIFTING 4 3 2 9

INSTALLING 1 6 1 8

CUTTING 2 1 2 5

STANDING 2 3 5

WALKING 2 1 2 5

CLIMBING 2 2 4

GRINDING 2 2 4 DESCENDING 1 1 1 3

HANDLING 1 2 3

TIGHTENING 1 2 3

UNLOADING 2 1 3

DISMOUNTING (FROM EQUIPMENT) 1 1 2

GUIDING 2 2

HAMMERING 2 2

INSPECTING 1 1 2


OPERATING 1 1 2

REMOVING 1 1 2

REPAIRING 1 1 2

WELDING 1 1 2

APPLYING 1 1

CLEANING 1 1

CONNECTING 1 1

DISMANTLING 1 1

DRILLING 1 1

DRIVING 1 1

JUMPING 1 1

Activity - Millwrights 97-99 LTI Summary



JUMPING 1 1

LOADING 1 1

LOOSENING 1 1

MEASURING 1 1 PAINTING 1 1

OTHER 2 4 4 10

TOTAL 31 42 29 102



RECORDS 112 15504


FLOOR 48 46.6% 1 2279 22.

GROUND 23 22.3% 2 3381 32.


PLATFORM 4 3.9% 4 45 0.


OTHER 16 15.5%

TOTAL 103 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 9

Work Surface - Millwrights vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI S

22 3%

8.7%

3.9%

2.9%

15.5%

GROUND

LADDER-PORTABLE

PLATFORM


LOT

OTHER




22.3%

FLOOR

GROUND

234

WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 34 45 33 112



FLOOR 22 15 11 48

GROUND 5 11 7 23


PLATFORM 1 2 1 4

ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 2 1 3

ELEVATING DEVICE-WORKMAN OR PERSONNEL 2 2

MISCELLANEOUS 1 1 2

MOTOR VEHICLE 1 1 2 ROOF-FLAT 2 2

VEHICLE STEP 1 1 2

EXCAVATION/PIT 1 1


STAIRS/STEPS 1 1

TANK/DRUM 1 1



TOTAL 32 41 30 103


Work Surface - Millwrights 97-99 LTI Summary



PPAAIINNTTEERRSS


Direct installation in this trade includes painting, hanging

wallpaper, cutting, mixing, reaching, installing, removing,smoothing, scraping, and taping. These activities were involved

in 52% of all LTIs to painters.


Poor housekeeping accounted for

painters. The fact that painting construction is completed redu

housekeeping problems caused by oththe 13 injuries were still the result o

or tripping over material, equipment,

Observations:

The main occupational hazards for pas follows.

1. Direct installation – These activi

of all LTIs to painters. 50% of th

the result of falls, and 70% of th51% of all injuries were either fra

suffer injuries to a wide array ofth i l t t 18%

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


IN TRANSIT 15 19 16 50 21%


OTHER 3 2 4 9 4%


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 73 93 82 248 105%

TOTAL LTIs 69 89 77 235

LTIs 1997 1998 1

Related to poor

housekeeping 4 7

TOTAL LTIs 69 89

P A I N T E R S



the single most common at 18%.

236

PPAAIINNTTEERRSS

2. Materials handling – This activity accounts for 25% of the

LTIs to painters. 65% of the materials handling injuries werethe result of overexertion, and half of these occurred when

painters were lifting or carrying paint or other material. The

rest happened while painters were handling equipment(ladders, scaffold, sprayers, etc.) or furniture. Where nature of

injury was identified, sprains occurred in 60% of the cases,most involving the back (54%).

3. In Transit – 21% of the LTIs in the trade occur in transit.Slips and falls account for 80% of these in-transit injuries.

Where the nature of injury is reported, 56% are sprains and26% are fractures. Where part of body was identified, 30% of

injuries were to the back, 17% to the ankle, and 15% to theknee.

The occupational hazards identified above are based on the factsdescribed below.

Falls from ladders appeared frequently in injury descriptionsfor painters. In direct installation injuries, 70% of falls werefrom ladders. One-third of falls resulted in either a fracture or

sprain. A comparison of all painters’ activities to industryaverages shows they are higher in falls by 7%.

In all areas of painters’ activities, falls account for 41% of accident types, as compared to an overall industry average of

23% This is due in part to the great amount of time painters

Portable ladders were a factor in 2

compared to an industry averainjuries suffered on the ground are

the industry average is nearly dou

Painters suffered 50.4% of thei

residential sector, whereas the o38% in that sector.



23%. This is due in part to the great amount of time paintersspend working from ladders.


RECORDS 235 15504







OTHER 18 15.7%


Project Type - Painters vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Summa

11 3%

9.6%

7.0%

6.1%

15.7%


LIGHT INDUSTRIAL


PREMISES

INSTITUTIONAL

OTHER

P A I N T E R S



11.3%


RISE

RISE

238

PROJECT TYPE








HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 2 4 6 2


BRIDGE 1 1 2 1COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 2 2 1


RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 1 1 0

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 1 1 0

ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET 1 1 0

SWIMMING POOLS 1 1 0

TOTAL 29 53 33 115 38


Project Type - Painters '97-'99 LTI Summary



CONSTRUCTION TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCENTRECORDS 235 15504


DECORATING/PAINTING 211 89.8% 1 271 2.3%

GENERAL CONTRACTING 7 3.0% 2 1524 13.0%

MISC.NON-CONSTRUTION ACTIVITIES 6 2.6% 3 699 5.9%

PLASTERING/DRYWALL 4 1.7% 4 474 4.0%


SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 1 0.4% 5 202 1.7%

OTHER 6 2.6%


Construction Type - Painters vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Summa

3 0%

2.6%

1.7%

0.4%

2.6%

GENERAL CONTRACTING

MISC.NON-CONSTRUTION

ACTIVITIES

PLASTERING/DRYWALL

FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER

IN SHOP/YARD/FACTORY

OTHER

P A I N T E R S



89

3.0%

DECORATING/PAINTING

GENERAL CONTRACTING

240

CONSTRUCTION TYPE


CONSTRUCTION TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3yr PCT

DECORATING/PAINTING 63 77 71 211 70 89.8%

GENERAL CONTRACTING 2 4 1 7 2 3.0%

MISC.NON-CONSTRUTION ACTIVITIES 2 4 0 6 2 2.6%

PLASTERING/DRYWALL 1 3 0 4 1 1.7%

FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER IN SHOP 1 0 0 1 0 0.4%

IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE) 0 0 1 1 0 0.4%

MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT INSTALLATIO 0 1 0 1 0 0.4%

MECHANICAL (PLUMBING,STEAMFITTIN 0 0 1 1 0 0.4% RESTORATION (SANDBLASTING/RENOV 0 0 1 1 0 0.4%

ROAD MAINTENANCE/LINE PAINTING/CA 0 0 1 1 0 0.4%

WELDING 0 0 1 1 0 0.4%

TOTAL 69 89 77 235 78 100.0%


Construction Type - Painters '97-'99 LTI Summary



TYPE OF ACCIDENT COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCENTRECORDS 235 15504


FALLS 94 40.9% 1 2642 22.9%

OVEREXERTION 53 23.0% 2 2933 25.4%

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 29 12.6% 3 1244 10.8%

STRUCK BY 28 12.2% 4 2575 22.3%

TRIP OVER 8 3.5% 5 266 2.3%

OTHER 18 7.8%

TOTAL 230 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 11

Type of Accident - Painters vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Summary

23.0%

12.6%

12.2%

3.5%

7.8%

OVEREXERTION

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK BY

TRIP OVER

OTHER

P A I N T E R S



40.9%FALLS

242

TYPE OF ACCIDENT


TYPE OF ACCIDENT 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3yr PCT R

FALLS 25 40 29 94 31 40.9%

OVEREXERTION 16 20 17 53 18 23.0%

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 7 15 7 29 10 12.6%

STRUCK BY 6 8 14 28 9 12.2%

TRIP OVER 3 2 3 8 3 3.5%

STRUCK/THROWN AGAINST 5 0 2 7 2 3.0%

CAUGHT IN, UNDER OR BETWEEN 3 2 1 6 2 2.6%

STEPPED/KNELT ON 0 2 0 2 1 0.9% CONTACT/EXPOSURE DUST,FUMES,C 1 0 0 1 0 0.4%

CONTACT/EXPOSURE TO RADIATIONS 0 1 0 1 0 0.4%

VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS 0 0 1 1 0 0.4%

TOTAL 66 90 74 230 77 100.0%


Type of Accident - Painters '97-'99 LTI Summary



PART OF BODY COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCERECORDS 235 15504


BACK/SPINE 68 28.0% 1 2952 23.

ANKLE 21 8.6%2 798 6.

SHOULDERS 18 7.4% 3 797 6.

FINGERS 16 6.6% 4 841 6.

KNEE 15 6.2% 5 787 6.

OTHER 105 43.2%

TOTAL 243 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 22

Part of Body - Painters vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Summ

8.6%

7.4%

6.6%

6.2%

ANKLE

SHOULDERS

FINGERS

KNEE

OTHER

P A I N T E R S



28.0%BACK/SPINE

244

PART OF BODY




ANKLE 7 12 2 21

SHOULDERS 8 7 3 18

FINGERS 4 4 8 16

KNEE 3 6 6 15

ARM 5 4 5 14

FOOT 6 5 2 13

WRIST 0 6 5 11 CHEST/RIBS 4 3 3 10

LEG/THIGH 2 1 6 9

EYES 3 3 2 8

HEEL 2 4 0 6


NECK 0 2 2 4

ELBOW 1 2 0 3



TOES 1 1 1 3


TEETH & GUMS 2 0 0 2

THUMBS 1 0 1 2


GROIN 0 1 0 1

HANDS 0 0 1 1

HIPS/PELVIS 0 0 1 1



TOTAL 78 96 69 243


Part of Body - Painters '97-'99 LTI Summary



INJURY TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCERECORDS 235 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 50 34.2% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 39 26.7% 2 1331 16


ACHE/PAIN 14 9.6%4 869 10

CONTUSIONBRUISED, BUT SURFACE INTACT 6 4.1% 5 443 5

OTHER 27 18.5%

TOTAL 146 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 100

Injury Type - Painters vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Summ

26.7%

11.0%

9.6%

4.1%

18.5%

FRACTURE

CUT/LACERATION


ACHE/PAIN

CONTUSIONBRUISED,

BUT SURFACE INTACT

OTHER

P A I N T E R S



SPRAIN/STRAIN

246

INJURY TYPE




FRACTURE 9 18 12 39


ACHE/PAIN 5 2 7 14



AMPUTATION 0 0 4 4

HERNIA/RUPTURE 2 1 0 3 PUNCTURE 0 2 0 2

CRUSH 0 1 0 1


OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS TYPE NA 0 0 1 1


STRESS(EMOTIONAL) 1 0 0 1


TOTAL 37 66 43 146


Injury Type - Painters '97-'99 LTI Summary



ACTIVITY COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCENRECORDS 235 15504


PAINTING 75 34.1% 1 102 0.9

LIFTING 19 8.6% 2 1213 11.

CARRYING 18 8.2% 3 663 6.1

DESCENDING 16 7.3% 4 471 4.3

MOVING 13 5.9% 5 537 4.9

OTHER 79 35.9%

TOTAL 220 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 15

Activity - Painters vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Summa

8.6%

8.2%

7.3%

5.9%

LIFTING

CARRYING

DESCENDING

MOVING

OTHER

P A I N T E R S



PAINTING

248

ACTIVITY

RECORDS69 89 77 235



PAINTING 19 33 23 75

LIFTING 6 7 6 19

CARRYING 5 8 5 18

DESCENDING 6 6 4 16

MOVING 5 3 5 13

WALKING 3 3 5 11

CLIMBING 4 3 3 10

SMOOTHING 3 1 3 7

UNLOADING 1 3 2 6

APPLYING 4 1 5

CLEANING 3 2 5

STANDING 1 2 1 4

INSTALLING 1 1 1 3

LOADING 2 1 3

REMOVING 1 1 1 3

DRIVING 1 1 2

HANDLING 1 1 2

JUMPING 1 1 2

SCRAPING 2 2

CUTTING 1 1 DISMOUNTING (FROM EQUIPMENT) 1 1

ERECTING 1 1

GRINDING 1 1

HANGING 1 1

HOLDING 1 1

HOUSEKEEPING 1 1

LOOSENING 1 1

OPENING 1 1

PLACING 1 1

PRYING 1 1

Activity - Painters '97-'99 LTI Summary



PULLING 1 1 PUSHING 1 1

REPAIRING 1 1

TOTAL 63 86 71 220


WORK SURFACE COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCERECORDS 235 15504



FLOOR 54 26.2% 2 2279 22.

GROUND 35 17.0% 3 3381 32.

STAIRS/STEPS 18 8.7% 4 324 3.


OTHER 30 14.6%

TOTAL 206 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE29

Work Surface - Painters vs. All Construction '97-'99 LTI Sum

17.0%

8.7%

5.3%

14.6%

FLOOR

GROUND

STAIRS/STEPS


LOT

OTHER

P A I N T E R S



LADDER-PORTABLE

250

WORK SURFACE




FLOOR 16 23 15 54

GROUND 11 11 13 35





ELEVATING DEVICE-WORKMAN OR PERSONNEL 1 1 1 3 ROOF-SLOPED 2 1 3

PLANK 2 2

ROOF-FLAT 1 1 2

BENCH/CHAIR ETC. 1 1


MOTOR VEHICLE 1 1


PLATFORM 1 1


TOTAL 60 81 65 206


Work Surface - Painters '97-'99 LTI Summary



PPIIPPEE TTRRAADDEESS


Pipe trades statistics were gathered under the following trade

names: plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters. Direct installationfor pipe trades includes activities such as measuring, cutting,

welding, soldering, tightening, loosening, adjusting, excavating,and drilling.

Direct installation activities are sometimes difficult to distinguishfrom materials handling and, depending on circumstances, a


For the pipe trades, housekeeping w

factor in 8% of the LTIs. 28%

occurred in transit. Factors in two-thstructures that failed (for example, st

while working (mainly on ice or snowwhile walking (for example, over i

materials).

Observations:

Pipe trades work in industrial settingsin this analysis reflects construction o

The main occupational hazards wefindings are described below.

1. Direct Installation – This activit

LTIs in the pipe trades. Falls w

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


IN TRANSIT 39 39 54 132 20%


OTHER 21 21 30 72 11%


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 207 267 304 778 115%

TOTAL LTIs 175 245 256 676

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 14 17

TOTAL LTIs 175 245

P I P E T R A D E S



single activity may be classified as both (installing equipmentand pipe, for example). installation injuries. Ladders wer

252

PPIIPPEE TTRRAADDEESS

installation injuries, which accounted for 61% of all ladder

injuries. Where the injury involved both a fall and a ladder,the injury rate remained relatively high at 9% of direct

installation injuries. Falls from a ladder during direct

installation represented 70% of all recorded falls fromladders.

Struck-by and overexertion injuries were cited most often as

the accident type during direct installation (28%).

Overexertion was cited in 70% of back injuries. Back/spineinjuries were recorded in 21% of direct installation injuries.


all LTIs in the pipe trades. Back/spine injuries were the mostcommonly reported injury (26% of all LTIs) and were

recorded in 46% of the materials handling injuries.

Overexertion was recorded in 59% of materials handling

injuries. Further analysis of back/spine injuries revealed thatoverexertion was cited in 70% of them.

Strain/sprain injuries represented 34% of materials handlinginjuries, and ache/pain 10%. However, when only back/spine

injuries involving materials handling were counted,strain/sprain injuries represented 61% and ache/pain 21%.*

3. In Transit – In-transit activities include walking and

climbing (often on ladders) and were involved in 20% of allLTIs in the pipe trades. Falls were recorded in 27% of the in-

transit injuries. 30% of all falls from ladders occurred in

transit. Direct installation activ

majority of LTIs involving both a Strains/sprains were recorded in

and occurred most often while w

or off (20%), and climbing up or d


Distribution of the activity recorwas relatively even. Installin

accounted for the three most fre

9.4%, and 6.9% respectively.

Carrying, moving, and descendescribed most often for all bac

28%, and 12% respectively.

* Approximately one third of the


large number of unknowns, cau



when using comparisons based on



PROJECT TYPE














PETROCHEMICAL 5 5 2


DAMS/PIERS/BREAKWATER 1 1 0

HYDRO 1 1 0

MINING 1 1 0



SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT 1 1 0

SWIMMING POOLS 1 1 0TOTAL 95 125 117 337 112

NOT AVAILABLE 81 102 140 323 108

Project Type - Pipe Trades 97-99 LTI Summary



CONSTRUCTION TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCERECORDS 660 15504



MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING & EQUIPMENT THEREIN 47 7.1% 2 292 2


SEWER INSTALLATION 22 3.3% 4 153 1

IN TRANSIT (TO OR FROM A JOBSITE) 13 2.0% 5 110 0

OTHER 12 9.7%

TOTAL 660 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 0

Construction Type - Pipe Trades vs All Construction 97-99 Total LT

7.1%

3.9%

3.3%

2.0%

9.7%

MECHANICAL


EQUIPMENT THEREIN


SEWER INSTALLATION


OTHER

P I P E T R A D E S



MECHANICAL(PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK)

256

CONSTRUCTION TYPE













CONCRETE/CEMENT WORK/CORE DRILLING 2 1 1 4

EXCAVATION 2 2 4

FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER - SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 3 1 4

REFRACTORY 1 3 4

PAVING/GRADING/HOT LAID ASPHALT 1 2 3

UTILITIES 1 1 2

CARPENTRY 1 1

FLAT ROOFING 1 1

INSULATION/WATERPROOFING/FIREPROOFING 1 1

SIDING/EAVESTROUGHING/SHEET METAL 1 1 WELDING 1 1

TOTAL 176 227 257 660

NOT AVAILABLE 0

Construction Type - Pipe Trades 97-99 LTI Summary



TYPE OF ACCIDENT COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCENRECORDS 660 15504


OVEREXERTION 199 30.8% 1 2933 25.4

STRUCK BY 140 21.7% 2 2575 22.3

FALLS 105 16.3% 3 2642 22.9

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 87 13.5% 4 1244 10.8


OTHER 83 12.8%

TOTAL 646 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 28

Type of Accident - Pipe Trades vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI

21.7%

16.3%

13.5%

5.0%

12.8%

OVEREXERTION

STRUCK BY

FALLS

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK/THROWN

AGAINST

OTHER

P I P E T R A D E S



OVEREXERTION

258

TYPE OF ACCIDENT




STRUCK BY 37 47 56 140

FALLS 29 34 42 105





TRIP OVER 1 6 4 11







EXPLOSION 0 0 1 1

TOTAL 172 221 253 646 2


Type of Accident - Pipe Trades 97-99 LTI Summary



PART OF BODY COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCERECORDS 660 15504


BACK/SPINE 179 25.6% 1 2952 23.

KNEE 57 8.2% 2 787 6.

ANKLE 47 6.7%3 798 6.

FINGERS 46 6.6% 4 841 6.

HANDS 43 6.2% 5 838 6.

OTHER 326 46.7%

TOTAL 698 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 33

Part of Body - Pipe Trades vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI S

25.6%

8.2%

6.7%

6.6%

6.2%

BACK/SPINE

KNEE

ANKLE

FINGERS

HANDS

OTHER

P I P E T R A D E S



25.6%BACK/SPINE

260

PART OF BODY



BACK/SPINE 53 71 55 179

KNEE 16 20 21 57

ANKLE 13 17 17 47

FINGERS 14 15 17 46

HANDS 11 10 22 43


EYES 2 17 17 36

LEG/THIGH 10 9 17 36

WRIST 9 10 11 30

FOOT 12 11 6 29

ARM 6 7 6 19


CHEST/RIBS 5 5 3 13

NECK 2 3 8 13

GROIN 1 3 7 11



THUMBS 7 1 3 11

ELBOW 1 2 6 9

HEEL 2 3 2 7 TRUNK AREA NA 1 3 2 6




ABDOMEN 2 1 0 3

TOES 0 2 1 3

BUTTOCKS 2 0 0 2


EARS 0 1 0 1


JAW 0 1 0 1 TEETH & GUMS 0 1 0 1

Part of Body - Pipe Trades 97-99 LTI Summary




TOTAL 192 240 266 698 2



RECORDS 660 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 151 33.3% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 67 14.8% 2 1331 16


ACHE/PAIN 46 10.1%4 869 10


OTHER 110 24.2%

TOTAL 454 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 224

Injury Type - Pipe Trades vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Su

14.8%

11.7%

10.1%

5.9%

24.2%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE

CUT/LACERATION


ACHE/PAIN


IN EYE

OTHER

P I P E T R A D E S



262

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 176 227 257 660






ACHE/PAIN 13 14 19 46





BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 1 3 5 9PUNCTURE 5 0 4 9






AMPUTATION 2 1 1 4



CRUSH 1 1 0 2

BITES/STINGS 1 0 0 1CONCUSSION 1 0 0 1

INFECTION 0 0 1 1

SILICOSIS 0 0 1 1

STIFF JOINTS 1 0 0 1

TOTAL 113 176 165 454


Injury Type - Pipe Trades 97-99 LTI Summary




RECORDS 660 15504


INSTALLING 67 11.0% 1 829 7.6

LIFTING 57 9.4% 2 1213 11.

WALKING 42 6.9% 3 829 7.6

CARRYING 33 5.4% 4 663 6.1

DESCENDING 33 5.4% 5 590 5.4

OTHER 375 61.8%

TOTAL 607 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 53

Activity - Pipe Trades vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI Sum

11.0%

9.4%

6.9%

5.4%

5.4%

INSTALLING

LIFTING

WALKING

CARRYING

DESCENDING

OTHER

P I P E T R A D E S



264

ACTIVITY

RECORDS 176 227 257 660




LIFTING 17 17 23 57

WALKING 7 14 21 42

CARRYING 10 8 15 33


MOVING 8 13 10 31

REMOVING 12 9 5 26

HANDLING 3 6 13 22

CLIMBING 6 6 6 18 CUTTING 4 6 8 18

PULLING 4 5 9 18

UNLOADING 7 6 5 18

REPAIRING 5 5 6 16

SOLDERING 1 8 4 13

STANDING 2 4 7 13

SHOVELLING 3 5 4 12

LOADING 2 5 4 11

DRILLING 1 3 6 10

DRIVING 3 2 5 10

CLEANING 3 2 4 9 CONNECTING 1 4 4 9

PUSHING 2 3 4 9


TIGHTENING 1 5 2 8

HAMMERING 1 4 2 7

JUMPING 3 1 3 7

OPERATING 2 2 2 6

WELDING 2 4 6

OPENING 1 1 3 5

REPLACING 2 2 1 5

CHANGING 1 3 4

RAISING 2 1 1 4

OTHER 18 22 12 52

Activity - Pipe Trades 97-99 LTI Summary



OTHER 18 22 12 52

TOTAL 162 210 235 607 2



RECORDS 660 15504


FLOOR 183 31.3% 1 2279 22.

GROUND 162 27.7% 2 3381 32.



STAIRS/STEPS 34 5.8% 5 324 3.

OTHER 104 17.8%

TOTAL 584 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 76

Work Surface - Pipe Trades vs All Construction 97-99 Total LTI S

10.6%

6.7%

5.8%

17.8%

FLOOR

GROUND

LADDER-PORTABLE


LOT

STAIRS/STEPS

OTHER

P I P E T R A D E S



266

WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 176 227 257 660



FLOOR 59 69 55 183

GROUND 30 53 79 162





ROOF-FLAT 3 3 5 11


TRENCH/DITCH 1 8 1 10 BUILDING FLOOR-UNDER CONSTRUCTION 1 4 4 9


CRAWL SPACE - E.G. BASEMENTS, ETC 3 2 1 6


PLANK 1 2 3

PLATFORM 1 1 1 3

STATIONARY MACHINERY 2 1 3


UNDER EQUIPMENT OR VEHICLE 1 1 1 3

WOOD SKELETON STRUCTURE 2 1 3

MISCELLANEOUS 1 1 2 RAMP/CATWALK 1 1 2

BENCH/CHAIR ETC. 1 1


HOLE 1 1

LADDER-FIXED 1 1


SIDEWALK/PATH/WALKWAY 1 1

STEEL SKELETON STRUCTURE 1 1

TREE 1 1

TRUCK BUMPER 1 1

TOTAL 162 200 222 584 NOT AVAILABLE 14 27 35 76

Work Surface - Pipe Trades 97-99 LTI Summary



PPLLAASSTTEERREERRSS AANNDD DDRRYYWWAALLLLEERRSS


In the drywall and plastering trades, direct installation includes

installation of metal studs, ceiling track, hollow metaldoorframes, drywall boards on wall and ceiling, and acoustical

tile on ceilings. Cutting, taping, and sanding drywall are alsoconsidered installation.

In-transit activities for drywallers and plasterers include steppingon and off the bench and other work platforms as well as walking

from the driveway to homes on low-rise residential projects.


Poor housekeeping accounted for at plasterers and drywallers. Worke

scaffolds (4), mud and ice (3), watecords (2).

Observations:

Direct Installation: Direct installation (49% of all LTIs)

for this trade. The majority of installlow-rise residential (LRR) secto

commercial building projects (8%comparable with that in other trades.

the amount of time drywallers sp

namely, floors and scaffolds. Injuriemore prevalent on LRR projects sincspend more time on these surfaces.

Cross-tabulating direct installation

revealed that the three leading causes

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%

MATERIALS

HANDLING 36 43 45 124 34%

IN TRANSIT 16 21 23 60 17%

DIRECT


OTHER 1 3 0 4 1%


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 102 151 140 393 109%

TOTAL LTIs 95 143 133 371

LTIs 1997 1998 1

Related to poor

housekeeping 6 10

TOTAL LTIs 95 143

P L A S

T E R E R S A N D D R Y W A L L E R S



268

PPLLAASSTTEERREERRSS AANNDD DDRRYYWWAALLLLEERRSS

(51%), overexertion (16%), and struck by objects (14%).Personnel on work platforms such as scaffolds, portable ladders,and benches incurred two thirds of the slip and fall LTIs.

Installing and taping were the activities most prevalent in falls

from scaffolds and benches; backs and ankles were the body partsmost often injured. Falling injuries were higher on LRR projects

(79%) than on other projects, mainly because of improper work platforms or platforms used incorrectly. The use of makeshift

platforms such as cable spools and plastic milk crates is more

common on LRR projects, where restricted workspace has

prompted many drywallers to find the smallest work platform possible. Such platforms are inherently unstable and likely to tipand slip.

Note: Most falls in construction occur when workers are in

transit or carrying material. This is not the case for drywallers

and plasterers. Most of their falls occur during direct installation.42% of the fall LTIs occurred to workers installing drywall. Over

50% occurred during taping and plastering. The most commoninjury related to falls was fracture (15%). The most common

body part involved was the ankle, largely the result of falling to adifferent level.

The number of cuts/lacerations (13% of installation LTIs) washigh in this trade. Cut injuries were more prevalent in the non-

LRR than the LRR sector. Cuts on non-LRR projects wereincurred while installing and handling metal studs and installing

ceiling track. Cuts on LRR projects varied in circumstances andobjects involved. The prevalence of cuts is a reflection of struck-

by injuries in this sector. Hands and fingers are the most common

body parts injured.

Overexertion injuries represented 16LTIs. Most of these injuries oinstallation. Drywall taping and sand

common injury factors during direct i

Manual Materials Handling: Manual materials handling is the secothis trade (34% of all LTIs). Of thes

the most common (49%). Most occu

and arm. This was largely due to m

such as lifting and carrying drywall handling LTIs). A standard 4' x 8' shethan 30 kg. Oversized sheets of 4' x

and are even more difficult to maneuv

In-Transit:

In-transit activities accounted for 17%Slips and falls were the most common

all in-transit LTIs). Due to the higaccidents, fracture LTIs are high in t

transit LTIs). The four types of workrelated to in-transit LTIs are stairs/st portable ladder (15%), and scaffold (1



PROJECT TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK All CONST. PERCENTRECORDS 371 15504





COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 12 5.7% 4 136 7.7%


OTHER 16 7.5%

TOTAL 212 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 159

PROJECT TYPE - Plasterers and Drywallers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI S

20.3%

7.1%

5.7%

4.2%

7.5%


LOW RISE


LOW RISE

INSTITUTIONAL


HIGH RISE

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

OTHER

P L A S T E R E R S A N D D R Y W A L L E R S



270

PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 95 143 133 371









RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 2 2 4 1


HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 1 1 0SHOP/YARD/FACTORY/SUPPLIERS PREMISES 1 1 0

TOTAL 51 90 71 212 71


PROJECT TYPE - Plasterers and Drywallers 97-99 LTI Summary




RECORDS 371 15504OCCURRENCES 371 15504

PLASTERING/DRYWALL 333 89.8% 1 474 4


CARPENTRY 5 1.3% 3 1115 9

DECORATING/PAINTING 4 1.1% 4 271 2

ACOUSTIC/SUSPENDED CEILING WORK 3 0.8% 5 17 0

OTHER 2 1.9%

TOTAL 371 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 0

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Plasterers and Drywallers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total

5.1%

1.3%

1.1%

0.8%

1.9%

PLASTERING/DRYWALL

GENERAL CONTRACTING

CARPENTRY

DECORATING/PAINTING

ACOUSTIC/SUSPENDED

CEILING WORK

OTHER

P L A S T E R E R S A N D D R Y W A L L E R S



272

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 95 143 133 371





CARPENTRY 1 2 2 5


ACOUSTIC/SUSPENDED CEILING WORK 1 2 3

INSULATION/WATERPROOFING/FIREPROOFING 1 1 2

CONCRETE/CEMENT WORK/CORE DRILLING 1 1


MASONRY 1 1 MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIES 1 1

RESTORATION (SANDBLASTING/RENOVATING/EXTERIOR 1 1

TOTAL 95 143 133 371


CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Plasterers and Drywallers 97-99 LTI Summ





OVEREXERTION 97 26.9% 1 2933 25.4

STRUCK BY 43 11.9% 2 2575 22.3

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 35 9.7% 3 1244 10.8

FALLS 32 8.9% 4 2642 22.9


OTHER 132 36.7%

TOTAL 360 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 27

TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Plasterers and Drywallers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total L

26.9%

11.9%

9.7%

8.9%

5.8%

OVEREXERTION

STRUCK BY

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

FALLS

STRUCK/THROWN

AGAINST

OTHER

P L A S T E R E R S A N D D R Y W A L L E

R S



274

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 95 143 133 371






FALLS 30 54 46 32


TRIP OVER 6 8 2 16



CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE 0 1 0 1 CONTACT WITH,EXPOSURE TO NOISE (EARS ONLY) 1 0 0 1



TOTAL 90 140 130 360 1


TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Plasterers and Drywallers 97-99 LTI Summa





BACK/SPINE 85 22.4% 1 2952 23.

SHOULDERS 36 9.5% 2 797 6.

KNEE 30 7.9% 3 787 6.

HANDS 25 6.6% 4 838 6.

ANKLE 24 6.3%5 798 6.

OTHER 179 47.2%

TOTAL 379 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 24

PART OF BODY - Plasterers and Drywallers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI

22.4%

9.5%

7.9%

6.6%

6.3%

BACK/SPINE

SHOULDERS

KNEE

HANDS

ANKLE

OTHER

P L A S T E R E R S A N D D R Y W A L L E

R S



276

PART OF BODY

RECORDS 95 143 133 371





KNEE 8 11 11 30

HANDS 5 13 7 25

ANKLE 8 7 9 24

WRIST 4 7 12 23

FINGERS 3 11 7 21

CHEST/RIBS 6 7 6 19

SKULL & SCALP 9 3 7 19 ARM 6 5 7 18

FOOT 2 5 7 14

LEG/THIGH 6 4 4 14

ELBOW 2 6 3 11

EYES 0 8 1 9


NECK 0 3 1 4

THUMBS 0 2 2 4


GROIN 1 1 1 3

METATARSAL (UPPER FOOT) 0 1 2 3 ABDOMEN 1 0 1 2

HIPS/PELVIS 0 0 2 2

EARS 1 0 0 1

HEEL 0 1 0 1

TOTAL 106 144 129 379


PART OF BODY - Plasterers and Drywallers 97-99 LTI Summary





SPRAIN/STRAIN 63 26.5% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 54 22.7% 2 1331 16


ACHE/PAIN 33 13.9%4 869 10

HERNIA/RUPTURE 11 4.6% 5 110 1

OTHER 42 17.6%

TOTAL 238 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 144

INJURY TYPE - Plasterers and Drywallers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI S

2

14.7%

13.9%

4.6%

17.6%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE

CUT/LACERATION


ACHE/PAIN

HERNIA/RUPTURE

OTHER

P L A

S T E R E R S A N D D R Y W A L L E

R S



278

INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 95 143 133 371











SCRATCHES/ABRASIONS/ SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS 2 2 0 4 OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS NEC 0 1 2 3

PUNCTURE 1 1 1 3





CONCUSSION 0 0 1 1

CRUSH 0 1 0 1


INFECTION 0 1 0 1

MULTIPLE INJURIES0 1

0 1 TOTAL 100 143 136 238


INJURY TYPE - Plasterers and Drywallers 97-99 LTI Summary





INSTALLING 76 22.4% 1 829 7.6

LIFTING 46 13.5% 2 1213 11.

TAPING 46 13.5% 3 55 0.5

DESCENDING 27 7.9% 4 471 4.3

CARRYING 21 6.2% 5 663 6.1

OTHER 124 36.5%

TOTAL 340 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 30

ACTIVITY - Plasterers and Drywallers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Sum

22.4%

13.5%

13.5%

7.9%

6.2%

INSTALLING

LIFTING

TAPING

DESCENDING

CARRYING

OTHER

P L A


R S



280





FLOOR 80 26.5% 1 2279 22.


GROUND 55 18.2% 3 3381 32.

STAIRS/STEPS 28 9.3% 4 324 3.


OTHER 51 16.9%

TOTAL 302 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 69

WORK SURFACE - Plasterers and Drywallers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LT

22

18.2%

9.3%

6.6%

16.9%

FLOOR

SCAFFOLD-SUPPORTED

FROM BELOW

GROUND

STAIRS/STEPS

LADDER-PORTABLE

OTHER

P L A


R S



282

WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 95 143 133 371



FLOOR 27 34 19 80


GROUND 13 15 27 55





PLANK 3 1 5 9

BUILDING FLOOR-UNDER CONSTRUCTION 1 1 3 5 ELEVATING DEVICE-WORKMAN OR PERSONNEL 3 3

MISCELLANEOUS 1 1 2

PILED MATERIAL/HAND TOOLS 1 1 2

PLATFORM 2 2

MOTOR VEHICLE 1 1

ROOF-FLAT 1 1


TRUCK BUMPER 1 1

WOOD SKELETON STRUCTURE 1 1

TOTAL 77 118 107 302


WORK SURFACE - Plasterers and Drywallers 97-99 LTI Summary



RREEIINNFFOORRCCIINNGG SSTTEEEELL WWOORRKKEERRSS


Direct installation tasks for reinforcing steel workers includelifting, carrying, placing, tying, securing, cutting, stripping, andinstalling. These activities account for 21% of all the injuries to

this trade.


Poor housekeeping was a factor in on

is not surprising, since work in reinfoa lot of debris.

Observations:

More than any other trade, reinfoinvolved in installing, lifting, carrying

point A to point B.

Despite the small size of this data se

of the injuries resulted from materihandling, carrying, and securing rebainjuries. A further 15% occurred sole

injuries resulting from these activities

of direct installation LTIs were strustruck-by objects included sliding

moved by crane, and rebar moved ma

Other types of injuries were widely

small that no significant findings eme

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%

MATERIALS

HANDLING 6 6 9 21 45%

IN TRANSIT 1 1 5 7 15%


OTHER 1 0 0 1 2%


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 10 20 20 50 106%

TOTAL LTIs 8 21 20 49

LTIs 1997 1998 1

Related to poor

housekeeping 1 1

TOTAL LTIs 8 21

R E I N F O R C I N G S T E E L



284






FILTRATION PLANT 2 8.7% 4 19 0.3%

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HIGH RISE 2 8.7% 5 51 0.7%

OTHER 4 17.4%

TOTAL 23 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 26

PROJECT TYPE - Reinforcing Steel Workers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI S

21.7%

13.0%

8.7%

8.7%

17.4%


PREMISES


RISE

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

FILTRATION PLANT

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HIGH

RISE

OTHER



PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 8 21 20 49




RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 1 4 5 2

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 2 1 3 1



TEMPORARY AGENCY WORK 2 2 1

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 1 1 0

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 1 1 0

TOTAL 4 14 5 23 8 NOT AVAILABLE 4 7 15 26 9

PROJECT TYPE - Reinforcing Steel Workers 97-99 LTI Summary




286



FORMING 20 40.8% 1 521 4

REINFORCING STEEL 17 34.7% 2 23 0


SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 6 12.2% 3 202 1


CONCRETE & CEMENT FINISHING 1 2.0% 5 31 0

OTHER 2 4.1%

TOTAL 49 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 0

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Reinforcing Steel Workers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total

12.2%

6.1%

2.0%

4.1%

FORMING

REINFORCING STEEL

FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER

IN SHOP/YARD/FACTORY

GENERAL CONTRACTING

CONCRETE & CEMENT

FINISHING

OTHER



CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 8 21 20 49



FORMING 3 5 12 20

REINFORCING STEEL 1 9 7 17


SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 2 4 6


CONCRETE & CEMENT FINISHING 1 1


MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIES 1 1

TOTAL 8 21 2049 NOT AVAILABLE 0 0 0 0

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Reinforcing Steel Workers 97-99 LTI Summ




288



STRUCK BY 11 28.2% 1 2575 22.3

OVEREXERTION 10 25.6% 2 2933 25.4

FALLS 8 20.5% 3 2642 22.9

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 3 7.7% 4 1244 10.8


OTHER 4 10.3%

TOTAL 39 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 10

TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Reinforcing Steel Workers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total L

20.5%

7.7%

7.7%

10.3%

STRUCK BY

OVEREXERTION

FALLS

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK/THROWN

AGAINST

OTHER



TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 8 21 20 49



STRUCK BY 0 6 5 11


FALLS 1 1 6 8




TRIP OVER 0 0 2 2

TOTAL 5 14 20 39


TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Reinforcing Steel Workers 97-99 LTI Summa




290


RECORDS49

15504OCCURRENCES 52 16832

BACK/SPINE 12 24.0% 1 2952 23.

HANDS 7 14.0% 2 838 6.

EYES 4 8.0% 3 554 4.

KNEE 4 8.0% 4 787 6.

SHOULDERS 4 8.0% 5 797 6.

OTHER 19 38.0%

TOTAL 50 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 2

PART OF BODY - Reinforcing Steel Workers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI

24.0%

14.0%

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

BACK/SPINE

HANDS

EYES

KNEE

SHOULDERS

OTHER



PART OF BODY

RECORDS 8 21 20 49



BACK/SPINE 3 5 4 12

HANDS 1 3 3 7

EYES 0 4 0 4

KNEE 0 3 1 4

SHOULDERS 1 0 3 4

ANKLE 0 1 2 3

ARM 0 2 1 3

FINGERS 0 0 2 2

FOOT 0 1 1 2


THUMBS 0 2 0 2

CHEST/RIBS 0 0 1 1

ELBOW 0 0 1 1

HIPS/PELVIS 1 0 0 1

LEG/THIGH 1 0 0 1


TOTAL 8 22 20 50


PART OF BODY - Reinforcing Steel Workers 97-99 LTI Summary

292




292



SPRAIN/STRAIN 9 32.1% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 6 21.4% 2 1331 16

CONTUSIONBRUISED, BUT SURFACE INTACT 3 10.7% 3 443 5


ACHE/PAIN 2 7.1%5 869 10

OTHER 7 25.0%

TOTAL 28 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 22

INJURY TYPE - Reinforcing Steel Workers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI S

21.4%

10.7%

10.7%

7.1%

25.0%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE

CONTUSIONBRUISED,

BUT SURFACE INTACT


IN EYE

ACHE/PAIN

OTHER



INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 8 21 20 49




FRACTURE 0 3 3 6



ACHE/PAIN 0 1 1 2

CONCUSSION 1 0 0 1

CRUSH 1 0 0 1




TOTAL 4 15 9 28


INJURY TYPE - Reinforcing Steel Workers 97-99 LTI Summary

294




294



LIFTING 7 20.0% 1 1213 11.

CARRYING 6 17.1% 2 663 6.1

WALKING 6 17.1% 3 829 7.6

HANDLING 2 5.7% 4 305 2.8

SECURING 2 5.7% 5 102 0.9

OTHER 12 34.3%

TOTAL 35 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 14

ACTIVITY - Reinforcing Steel Workers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Su

20.0%

17.1%

17.1%

5.7%

5.7%

LIFTING

CARRYING

WALKING

HANDLING

SECURING

OTHER



ACTIVITY

RECORDS 8 21 20 49



LIFTING 3 4 7

CARRYING 3 1 2 6

WALKING 1 1 4 6

HANDLING 1 1 2

SECURING 1 1 2

BENDING 1 1

CUTTING 1 1

DESCENDING 1 1

DRIVING 1 1

GUIDING 1 1

INSTALLING 1 1

MOVING 1 1

OPENING 1 1

STANDING 1 1

STRIPPING 1 1

TYING 1 1

UNLOADING 1 1

TOTAL 6 12 17 35


ACTIVITY - Reinforcing Steel Workers 97-99 LTI Summary

296





RECORDS 49 15504


GROUND 19 61.3% 1 3381 32.

BUILDING FLOOR-UNDER CONSTRUCTION 7 22.6% 2 474 4.

FLOOR 1 3.2% 3 2279 22.

MOTOR VEHICLE 1 3.2% 4 160 1.

PILED MATERIAL/HAND TOOLS 1 3.2% 5 24 0.

OTHER 2 6.5%

TOTAL 31 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 18

WORK SURFACE - Reinforcing Steel Workers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LT

22.6%

3.2%

3.2%

3.2%

6.5%

GROUND


CONSTRUCTION

FLOOR

MOTOR VEHICLE

PILED MATERIAL/HAND

TOOLS

OTHER



WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 8 21 20 49



GROUND 2 8 9 19


FLOOR 1 1

MOTOR VEHICLE 1 1



STAIRS/STEPS 1 1

TOTAL 7 13 11 31


WORK SURFACE - Reinforcing Steel Workers 97-99 LTI Summar

298




SSHHEEEETT MMEETTAALL WWOORRKKEERRSS


Direct installation for sheet metal workers includes installing,

cutting, drilling, connecting, hanging, welding, bending,grinding, loosening, hammering, repairing, applying, and closing.

43% of all LTIs in this trade were attributed to direct installation.


Poor housekeeping accounted for 5

trade. Nine of these 17 injuries resulte

workers were stepping on or over madebris at the worksite.

Observations:

The main occupational hazards for shcategorized as follows.

1. Direct Installation – The variinstall large, heavy, and awkward present the greatest risk of injury

for 43% of its LTIs. The ma

accidents are worker being struoverexertion (22%), and falls (13%

Of the falls during direct insta

scaffolding and 12% from lainstallation injuries were cuts an

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


IN TRANSIT 21 25 30 76 23%

DIRECT


OTHER 2 3 0 5 2%


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 88 140 124 352 106%

TOTAL LTIs 82 137 114 333

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 4 5

TOTAL LTIs 82 137



SSHHEEEETT MMEETTAALL WWOORRKKEERRSS

sprains/strains (13%). 48% of all direct installation accidents

occurred on the ground or floor, followed by 27% onscaffolding.

2. Materials Handling – The manual handling and movementof materials poses problems for sheet metal workers and

contributes to 31% of the LTIs in the trade. In addition tomaterials and equipment, sheet metal workers must handle

and transport large, heavy, awkwardly shaped fabricated

pieces from shop floor to final installation point. This presents the risk of serious injury.

The major types of accidents during materials handling were

overexertion at 57%, falls at 18%, and being struck by anobject at 11%. The injuries were predominantly ache/pain at

22% and sprain/strain at 21%. The most commonly injured

part of the body was the back/spine, accounting for 45% of allmaterials handling injuries among sheet metal workers.

3. In Transit – In-transit activities accounted for 23% of the

LTIs in the trade. Getting from the shop floor to the final

installation point for equipment or material can cover manydifferent work surfaces. 43% of the in-transit injuries

occurred on the ground or floor and 21% on portable ladders.

300

S H E E T M E T A L




3YR TOTAL ALL


RECORDS 333 15504





INSTITUTIONAL(SCHOOLS,CHURCH,HOSPITALS



OTHER 25 13.4%

TOTAL 187 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 146

Project Type - Sheet Metal Workers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI S

18.7%

14.4%

13.4%

8.6%

13.4%

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY


LIGHT INDUSTRIAL




OTHER



PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 82 137 114 333



SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 22 24 13 59 20 31

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 7 14 14 35 12 18

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 6 15 6 27 9 14

INSTITUTIONAL(SCHOOLS,CHURCH,HOSPITALS 2 14 9 25 8 13

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 5 4 7 16 5 8

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 5 4 4 13 4 7



HYDRO 1 1 0 0

MINING 1 1 0 0RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 1 1 0 0

TOTAL 47 85 55 187 62 100

NOT AVAILABLE 35 52 59 146 49 78

Project Type - Sheet Metal Workers 97 - 99 LTI Summary

302

S H E E T M E T A L




3YR TOTAL ALL



MECHANICAL (PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK) 197 59.3% 1 1384 11.8

SIDING/EAVESTROUGHING/SHEET METAL 35 10.5% 2 291 2.5

MISC.NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 32 9.6% 3 699 5.9


SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 26 7.8% 4 202 1.7

FLAT ROOFING 16 4.8% 5 251 2.1

OTHER 8 7.8%

TOTAL 333 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 1

Construction Type - Sheet Metal Workers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total

10.5%

9.6%

7.8%

4.8%

7.8%

MECHANICAL(PLUMBING,STEAMFITTING,DUCTWORK)


METAL



SHOP/YARD/FACTORY

FLAT ROOFING

OTHER




3YR TOTAL ALL


RECORDS 333 15504


OVEREXERTION 98 29.8% 1 2933 25.4%

STRUCK BY 62 18.8% 2 2575 22.3%

FALLS 54 16.4% 3 2642 22.9%


SLIP (NOT A FALL) 32 9.7% 5 1244 10.8%

OTHER 49 14.9%

TOTAL 329 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 18

Type of Accident - Sheet Metal Workers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total

18.8%

16.4%

10.3%

9.7%

14.9%

OVEREXERTION

STRUCK BY

FALLS

STRUCK/THROWN

AGAINST

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

OTHER



TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 82 137 114 333




STRUCK BY 14 28 20 62 2

FALLS 9 21 24 54 18


SLIP (NOT A FALL) 10 12 10 32 1


TRIP OVER 6 6 12 4

CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE 1 3 3 7 2

STEPPED/KNELT ON 1 2 4 7 2


VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS 2 2

CONTACT WITH ELECTRIC CURRENT 1 1 0

CONTACT WITH,EXPOSURE TO NOISE (EARS ONLY) 1 1 0

TOTAL 77 139 113 329 110


Type of Accident - Sheet Metal Workers 97 - 99 LTI Summary

306

S H E E T M E T A L




3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCE

RECORDS 333 15504


BACK/SPINE 101 27.5% 1 2952 23

FINGERS 37 10.1% 2 841 6

SHOULDERS 37 10.1% 3 797 6

HANDS 22 6.0% 4 838 6

WRIST 21 5.7% 5 546 4

OTHER 149 40.6%

TOTAL 367 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 16

Part of Body - Sheet Metal Workers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total L

27.5%

10.1%

10.1%

6.0%

5.7%

BACK/SPINE

FINGERS

SHOULDERS

HANDS

WRIST

OTHER



PART OF BODY

RECORDS 82 137 114 333



BACK/SPINE 24 42 35 101

FINGERS 11 17 9 37


HANDS 4 10 8 22

WRIST 3 13 5 21

EYES 4 9 6 19

ARM 8 6 4 18

ANKLE 7 5 5 17

KNEE 4 10 2 16

LEG/THIGH 4 4 4 12 CHEST/RIBS 1 8 3 12

ELBOW 1 4 5 10

THUMBS 3 3 3 9

SKULL & SCALP 8 1 9

FOOT 3 5 8

GENERAL BODY INJURY (EG ELECTRIC SHOCK) 3 1 4

NECK 3 3

EARS 1 1 2

HEEL 2 2

HIPS/PELVIS 1 1 2

TOES 2 2

FACE/LIPS/CHIN 1 1

GROIN 1 1

NOSE & THROAT 1 1

TRUNK AREA NA 1 1

TOTAL 97 158 112 367

NOT AVAILABLE 6 10 16

Part of Body - Sheet Metal Workers 97 - 99 LTI Summary

308

S H E E T M E T A L




3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERC


SPRAIN/STRAIN 60 25.5% 1 2313 2


FRACTURE 30 12.8% 3 1331 1

ACHE/PAIN 24 10.2%4 869 1

OTHER 62 26.4%

TOTAL 235 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 111

Injury Type - Sheet Metal Workers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LT

12.8%

10.2%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

CUT/LACERATION


FRACTURE

ACHE/PAIN

OTHER



INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 82 137 114 333


INJURY TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr A



FRACTURE 6 18 6 30

ACHE/PAIN 7 10 7 24





PUNCTURE 1 3 1 5


TORN LIGAMENTS OR CARTILAGE 1 1 1 3 WELDING FLASH/ELETRICAL FLASH 1 1 1 3

NUMBNESS DUE TO DIRECT INJURY 1 1 2

COLLAPSE 2 2

AMPUTATION 1

BURSITIS (KNEES, ELBOWS, SHOULDERS) 1 1

CRUSH 1 1

ELECTRICAL SHOCK 1 1

HEARING LOSS (LONG TERM) 1 1

HERNIA/RUPTURE 1 1

MULTIPLE INJURIES 1 1

PINCHED NERVE 1 1

STIFF JOINTS/MUSCLES 1 1

TENDONITIS OR TENOSYNOVITIS 1 1

TOTAL 62 100 73 235


Injury Type - Sheet Metal Workers 97 - 99 LTI Summary

310

S H E E T M E T A L




3YR TOTAL ALL



INSTALLING 51 16.3% 1 829 7.6%

LIFTING 38 12.2% 2 1213 11.1%

WALKING 25 8.0% 3 829 7.6%

CARRYING 24 7.7% 4 663 6.1%

CUTTING 18 5.8% 5 590 5.4%

OTHER 156 50.0%

TOTAL 312 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 21

Activity - Sheet Metal Workers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LTI S

16.3%

12.2%

8.0%

7.7%

5.8%

INSTALLING

LIFTING

WALKING

CARRYING

CUTTING

OTHER



ACTIVITY

RECORDS 82 137 114 333



INSTALLING 12 22 17 51 1

LIFTING 7 19 12 38 1

WALKING 6 9 10 25

CARRYING 8 6 10 24

CUTTING 2 6 10 18

MOVING 4 8 6 18

DESCENDING 6 6 5 17

HANDLING 2 10 3 15

UNLOADING 1 6 5 12

CLIMBING 3 5 3 11

DRILLING 1 4 6 11 STANDING 1 4 2 7

REMOVING 1 4 1 6

CONNECTING 2 1 1 4

HANGING 1 1 2 4

WELDING 1 2 1 4

BENDING 3 3

GRINDING 2 1 3

HOLDING 2 1 3

LOADING 1 2 3

LOOSENING 3 3

PULLING 1 1 1 3

PUSHING 2 1 3

DRIVING 2 2

GUIDING 1 1 2

HAMMERING 1 1 2

JUMPING 1 1 2

REACHING 2 2

REPAIRING 1 1 2

APPLYING 1 1

CLEANING 1 1

CLOSING 1 1


TOTAL 73 134 105 312 10NOT AVAILABLE 9 3 9 21

Activity - Sheet Metal Workers 97 - 99 LTI Summary

312

S H E E T M E T A L




3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCEN


FLOOR 109 39.5% 1 2279 22.2

GROUND 70 25.4% 2 3381 32.9

LADDER-PORTABLE 41 14.9% 3 982 9.6

ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 17 6.2% 4 675 6.6

SCAFFOLD-SUPPORTED FROM BELOW 7 2.5% 5 448 4.4

OTHER 32 11.6%

TOTAL 276 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 57

Work Surface - Sheet Metal Workers VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total L

25.4%

14.9%

6.2%

2.5%

11.6%

FLOOR

GROUND

LADDER-PORTABLE


LOT


BELOW

OTHER



WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 92 135 132 333



FLOOR 36 45 28 109 3

GROUND 11 30 29 70 2

LADDER-PORTABLE 8 21 12 41 1



STAIRS/STEPS 3 4 7

ROOF-FLAT 1 4 1 6

MISCELLANEOUS 2 1 3

ROOF-SLOPED 2 1 3

MOTOR VEHICLE 2 2


ELEVATING DEVICE-WORKMAN OR PERSONNEL 1 1

LOADING DOCK 1 1

PIPE 1 1

PLANK 1 1

PLATFORM 1 1


TANK/DRUM 1 1



TOTAL 77 118 107 276 9


Work Surface - Sheet Metal Workers 97 - 99 LTI Summary

314

S H E E T M E T A L



SSHHIINNGGLLEERRSS ((SSLLOOPPEEDD RROOOOFFIINNGG))

awkward postures in lifting and moving heavy material such

as plywood, waterproofing membrane, and shingles. Of the49 injuries during materials handling, 38 involved handling

bundles of shingles, membrane, plywood, etc. and 23

occurred while shinglers were on the sloped roof surface.

3. In Transit – In-transit injuries are related to walking,climbing up and down, and jumping. They accounted for 20%

of the LTIs in sloped roofing. Of the 37 in-transit injuries, 22

involved falls; 16 occurred to shinglers on ladders and 10 toshinglers moving around on the sloped roof surface.


For shinglers, the single greatest cause of LTIs is falls. When

LTIs from all of the major tasks listed above are combined, fallsrepresent 36% of all LTIs in the trade. This is 55% greater than

the percentage for all construction over the same period.

Given the high percentage of falls among shinglers, fractures are

understandably their single greatest type of injury. 26% of theirLTIs resulted in fractures. This is 2.4 times higher than the

percentage for all construction over the same period. 73% of thefractures resulted from falls to a different level. Of the 37 LTIs

resulting in fracture, 20 occurred to shinglers working on thesloped roof surface while 11 occurred to workers on ladders.

316

S H I N G L E R S




3YR TOTAL ALL

CONSTRUCTION PERCENTRECORDS 186 15504








OTHER 3 2.3%

TOTAL 129 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 57

Project Type - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) VS. All Construction 97- 99 Tot

Summary

5.4%

2.3%

2.3%

0.8%

2.3%





SHOP/YARD/FACTORY

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN

OTHER



PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 43 89 54 186


PROJECT TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3yr PCT


INSTITUTIONAL(SCHOOLS,CHURCH,HOSPITALS 5 2 7 2 5.4

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 3 3 1 2.3

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 3 3 1 2.3

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 1 1 0 0.8

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 1 1 0 0.8

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL 1 1 0 0.8

TEMPORARY AGENCY WORK 1 1 0 0.8

TOTAL 43 59 27 129 43 100.0

NOT AVAILABLE 30 27 57 19 44.2

Project Type - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) 97- 99 LTI Summary

318

S H I N G L E R S




3YR TOTAL ALL



SLOPED ROOFING (SHINGLES) 172 93.0% 1 266 2.3%

FLAT ROOFING 4 2.2% 2 251 2.1%

GENERAL CONTRACTING 4 2.2% 3 1524 13.0%

MISC.NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 3 1.6% 4 699 5.9%

CARPENTRY 1 0.5% 5 1115 9.5%

OTHER 1 0.5%

TOTAL 185 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 1

Construction Type - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) VS. All Construction 97-

Summary

2.2%

2.2%

1.6%

0.5%

0.5%

SLOPED ROOFING

(SHINGLES)

FLAT ROOFING

GENERAL CONTRACTING

MISC.NON-

CONSTRUCTION

ACTIVITIES

CARPENTRY

OTHER



CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 43 89 54 186



SLOPED ROOFING (SHINGLES) 41 83 48 172 57

FLAT ROOFING 1 2 1 4 1

GENERAL CONTRACTING 1 2 1 4 1

MISC.NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 3 3 3

CARPENTRY 1 1 1


TOTAL 43 89 53 185 62


Construction Type - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) 97- 99 LTI Summ

320

S H I N G L E R S




3YR TOTAL ALL



FALLS 65 35.5% 1 2642 22.9%

STRUCK BY 36 19.7% 2 2575 22.3%

OVEREXERTION 34 18.6% 3 2933 25.4%

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 25 13.7% 4 1244 10.8%


OTHER 14 7.7%

TOTAL 183 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 7

Type of Accident - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) VS. All Construction 97- 9

Summary

19.7%

18.6%

13.7%

4.9%

7.7%

FALLS

STRUCK BY

OVEREXERTION

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK/THROWN

AGAINST

OTHER



TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 43 89 54 186



FALLS 22 27 16 65 22

STRUCK BY 4 18 14 36 12


SLIP (NOT A FALL) 4 16 5 25 8


TRIP OVER 4 2 6 2



CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE 1 1 0

CONTACT/EXPOSURE TO DUST,FUMES,CAUSTIC TOXIC 1 1 0

VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS 1 1 0 TOTAL 43 88 52 183 61


Type of Accident - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) 97- 99 LTI Summa

322

S H I N G L E R S




3YR TOTAL ALL



BACK/SPINE 46 22.7% 1 2952 23.7%

ANKLE 20 9.9%2 798 6.4%

WRIST 18 8.9% 3 546 4.4%

FINGERS 16 7.9% 4 841 6.7%

SHOULDERS 12 5.9% 5 797 6.4%

OTHER 91 44.8%

TOTAL 203 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 13

Part of Body - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) VS. All Construction 97- 99

Summary

22.7%

9.9%

8.9%

7.9%

5.9%

BACK/SPINE

ANKLE

WRIST

FINGERS

SHOULDERS

OTHER




3YR TOTAL ALL



FRACTURE 37 28.0% 1 1331 16.5%

SPRAIN/STRAIN 34 25.8% 2 2313 28.7%

CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 20 15.2% 3 1134 14.1%

PUNCTURE 12 9.1% 4 269 3.3%

OTHER 29 22.0%

TOTAL 132 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 70

Injury Type - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total

15.2%

9.1%

22.0%

FRACTURE

SPRAIN/STRAIN

CUT/LACERATION


PUNCTURE

OTHER



INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 43 89 54 186



FRACTURE 13 14 10 37 12


CUT/LACERATION INCLUDES LOSS OF TEETH 5 12 3 20 7

PUNCTURE 1 8 3 12 4

ACHE/PAIN 3 3 2 8

IRRITATION OR PARTICLE IN EYE 1 3 1 5 2


BURN (SCALD) HOT SUBSTANCES 2 2 1


HERNIA/RUPTURE 2 2 1

TENDONITIS OR TENOSYNOVITIS 1 1 2 1CRUSH 1 1 0

DERMATITIS/RASH 1 1 0

OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS NEC 1 1 0

SCRATCHES/ABRASIONS/ SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS 1 1 0

TORN LIGAMENTS OR CARTILAGE 1 1 0

TOTAL 32 71 29 132 44


Injury Type - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) 97- 99 LTI Summary

326

S H I N G L E R S




3YR TOTAL ALL



INSTALLING 29 17.1% 1 829 7.6%

HAMMERING 17 10.0% 2 406 3.7%

WALKING 14 8.2% 3 829 7.6%

LIFTING 13 7.6% 4 1213 11.1%

REMOVING 12 7.1% 5 407 3.7%

OTHER 85 50.0%

TOTAL 170 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 16

Activity - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) VS. All Construction 97- 99 Total LT

17.1%

10.0%

8.2%

7.6%

7.1%

5

INSTALLING

HAMMERING

WALKING

LIFTING

REMOVING

OTHER




3YR TOTAL ALL



ROOF-SLOPED 82 52.2% 1 235 2.3%

GROUND 25 15.9% 2 3381 32.9%

LADDER-PORTABLE 23 14.6% 3 982 9.6%

ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 7 4.5% 4 675 6.6%

FLOOR 4 2.5% 5 2279 22.2%

OTHER 16 10.2%

TOTAL 157 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 29

Work Surface - Shinglers (Sloped Roofing) VS. All Construction 97- 99

Summary

15.9%

14.6%

4.5%

2.5%

10.2%

ROOF-SLOPED

GROUND

LADDER-PORTABLE


LOT

FLOOR

OTHER



WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 43 89 54 186



ROOF-SLOPED 16 46 20 82 27

GROUND 4 10 11 25 8

LADDER-PORTABLE 8 11 4 23 8

ROAD/STREET/DRIVEWAY/PARKING LOT 4 1 2 7 2

FLOOR 2 2 4 1



PLANK 2 2 1

ROOF-FLAT 1 1 2 1

WOOD SKELETON STRUCTURE 2 2 1

MOTOR VEHICLE 1 1 0ROOF-TYPE UNKNOWN 1 1 0

SIDEWALK/PATH/WALKWAY 1 1 0

VEHICLE STEP 1 1 0

TOTAL 35 80 42 157 52


Work Surface - Shinglers (Sloped Roofers) 97- 99 LTI Summar

330

S H I N G L E R S



SSIIDDIINNGG IINNSSTTAALLLLEERRSS


Direct installation activities for siding installers include cutting,nailing, removing, and installing. Direct installation accountedfor 47% of all injuries. Materials handling includes moving and

carrying material, as well as loading and unloading trucks.


Poor housekeeping was responsible

siding installers. Of these 13 injuries,ice, snow, or mud. The others weredebris or rough and uneven ground.

Observations:

The main occupational hazards forcategorized as follows.

1. Materials handling – This acco

among siding installers. 50% of tinstallers were lifting materials

loading or unloading trucks. Carry

materials handling injuries. 50% back. The remainder predomina

and leg.

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


IN TRANSIT 15 5 12 32 24%


OTHER 1 3 2 6 4%


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 45 45 50 140 103%

TOTAL LTIs 44 45 48 137

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 5 4

TOTAL LTIs 44 45



SSIIDDIINNGG IINNSSTTAALLLLEERRSS

2. Direct installation – 47% of the LTIs in the trade occurred

during direct installation activities. Of these injuries, 36%were falls, primarily from ladders. Most installation occurs in

the low-rise residential sector where ladders are the primary

work surface above ground level.

3. In transit – In-transit injuries accounted for 24% of allinjuries. Most of these accidents (57%) involved climbing up

and down ladders. Of the remainder, 16% occurred while the

worker was carrying material on the site.

The occupational hazards identified above are based on the factsdescribed below:

Falls were the biggest single accident type, accounting for46% of accidents in the trade. This is significantly higher thanthe all-construction rate of 23%, but is not surprising when

we consider that most siding installation takes place from

ladders. 65% of the falls were from ladders, either duringinstallation or climbing.

Overexertion injuries in the trade were 23%. This is in linewith the all-construction rate of 25% Most of the overexertioninjuries resulted from lifting materials and were primarily to

the back.

The majority of injuries among siding installers (68%)

occurred in low-rise residential construction. This is almostdouble the all-construction rate of 37.9% but reflects the

proportion of siding installation that takes place in this sector.

Fractures were the biggest single

installers—30% of LTIs. This is rate. Over 80% of the fractur

Fractures were to the leg, arm, and

332

S I D I N G I N S T A L L E R S




RECORDS 137 15504







OTHER 3 4.5%

TOTAL 66 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 71

Project Type - Siding Installers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Summary

13.6%

10.6%

1.5%

1.5%

4.5%


LOW RISE

SHOP/YARD/FACTORY

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL


HEIGHT UNKNOWN


LOW RISE

OTHER



PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 42 45 48 137


PROJECT TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVE 3y


SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 3 2 4 9 3







TOTAL 21 27 16 66 22


Project Type - Siding Installers '97 - '99 LTI Summary

334




CONSTRUCTION TYPE COUNT PERCENT RANK 3yrAcTOTAL PERCE

RECORDS 137 15504


SIDING/EAVESTROUGHING/SHEET METAL 113 82.5% 1 291 2


GLAZING/WINDOW CONSTRUCTION/REPAIR 5 3.6% 3 139 1

FLAT ROOFING 3 2.2% 4 251 2


OTHER 6 4.4%

TOTAL 137 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE

Construction Type - Siding Installers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Summary

5.8%

3.6%

2.2%

1.5%

4.4%


METAL

MISC.NON-CONSTRUCTION

ACTIVITIES

GLAZING/WINDOW

CONSTRUCTION/REPAIR

FLAT ROOFING


INSTALLATION

OTHER




RECORDS 137 15504


FALLS 59 45.7% 1 2642 22.9

OVEREXERTION 30 23.3% 2 2933 25.4

STRUCK BY 15 11.6% 3 2575 22.3

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 13 10.1% 4 1244 10.8


OTHER 7 3.1%

TOTAL 129 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 10

Type of Accident - Siding Installers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Summary

23.3%

11.6%

10.1%

3.9%

3.1%

FALLS

OVEREXERTION

STRUCK BY

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

STRUCK/THROWN

AGAINST

OTHER



TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 44 45 48 137



FALLS 24 10 25 59


STRUCK BY 4 6 5 15





TOTAL 42 42 45 129


Type of Accident - Siding Installers '97 - '99 LTI Summary

338





RECORDS 137 15504


BACK/SPINE 27 17.4% 1 2952 23.

ARM 16 10.3% 2 647 5.

ANKLE 13 8.4% 3 798 6.

WRIST 12 7.7% 4 546 4.

LEG/THIGH 11 7.1% 5 685 5.

OTHER 76 49.0%

TOTAL 155 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 10

Part of Body - Siding Installers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Summary

17.4%

10.3%

8.4%

7.7%

7.1%

BACK/SPINE

ARM

ANKLE

WRIST

LEG/THIGH

OTHER



PART OF BODY

RECORDS 44 45 48 137




ARM 9 6 1 16

ANKLE 5 4 4 13

WRIST 2 2 8 12

LEG/THIGH 8 1 2 11

HANDS 4 3 3 10

KNEE 2 2 6 10

SHOULDERS 7 1 2 10

FOOT 1 2 5 8


THUMBS 0 4 2 6 FINGERS 0 3 2 5

ELBOW 1 2 1 4

HEEL 1 2 1 4

HIPS/PELVIS 4 0 0 4

CHEST/RIBS 0 0 3 3

EYES 0 0 2 2

ABDOMEN 1 0 0 1

SOLE 0 1 0 1


TOTAL 54 45 56 155


Part of Body - Siding Installers '97 - '99 LTI Summary

340





RECORDS 137 15504


FRACTURE 29 29.9% 1 1331 16


SPRAIN/STRAIN 21 21.6% 3 2313 28

ACHE/PAIN 7 7.2% 4 869 10


OTHER 14 14.4%

TOTAL 97 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 52

Injury Type - Siding Installers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Summary

21.6%

21.6%

7.2%

5.2%

14.4%

FRACTURE

CUT/LACERATION


SPRAIN/STRAIN

ACHE/PAIN


SURFACE INTACT

OTHER



INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 44 45 48 137


INJURY TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVFRACTURE 10 5 14 29



ACHE/PAIN 2 3 2 7


CONCUSSION 0 0 3 3




CRUSH 1 0 0 1

DISLOCATION/LOCKED JOINT 0 0 1 1 NUMBNESS DUE TO DIRECT INJURY 0 1 0 1


PUNCTURE 0 1 0 1

Grand Total 28 34 35 97


Injury Type - Siding Installers '97 - '99 LTI Summary

342





RECORDS 137 15504


INSTALLING 35 26.9% 1 829 7.6

LIFTING 18 13.8% 2 1213 11.

CLIMBING 11 8.5% 3 275 2.5

DESCENDING 10 7.7% 4 471 4.3

WALKING 8 6.2% 5 829 7.6

OTHER 48 36.9%

TOTAL 130 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 41

Activity - Siding Installers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Summary

26.9%

13.8%

8.5%

7.7%

6.2%

INSTALLING

LIFTING

CLIMBING

DESCENDING

WALKING

OTHER



ACTIVITY

RECORDS 44 45 48 137


ACTIVITY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVEINSTALLING 9 11 15 35

LIFTING 6 8 4 18

CLIMBING 5 2 4 11

DESCENDING 5 5 10

WALKING 4 2 2 8

CUTTING 2 4 1 7

REMOVING 2 3 2 7

CARRYING 1 3 2 6

UNLOADING 3 2 0 5

DRILLING 0 1 2 3

LOADING 0 2 1 3 SECURING 1 0 2 3

STANDING 1 2 0 3

HAMMERING 1 1 0 2

APPLYING 1 0 0 1

CHIPPING 0 0 1 1

HANDLING 0 1 0 1

LAYING 0 0 1 1

LOWERING 0 0 1 1

MOVING 0 1 0 1

OPENING 1 0 0 1

REACHING 1 0 0 1 REPLACING 0 0 1 1

TOTAL 43 43 44 130


Activity - Siding Installers '97 - '99 LTI Summary

344





RECORDS 137 15504



GROUND 37 31.1% 2 3381 32.

FLOOR 15 12.6% 3 2279 22.


STAGING-SUSPENDED FROM ABOVE 5 4.2% 5 23 0.

OTHER 14 11.8%

TOTAL 119 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 18

Work Surface - Siding Installers Vs. All Const. '97 - '99 LTI Summary

12.6%

4.2%

4.2%

11.8%

LADDER-PORTABLE

GROUND

FLOOR


LOT

STAGING-SUSPENDED FROM

ABOVE

OTHER



WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 44 45 48 137


WORK SURFACE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVLADDER-PORTABLE 15 5 23 43

GROUND 12 15 10 37

FLOOR 6 8 1 15



ROOF-SLOPED 2 1 1 4



SCAFFOLD-SUPPORTED FROM BELOW 2 0 2

PLATFORM 1 0 0 1

STEEL SKELETON STRUCTURE 0 0 1 1 TOTAL 40 38 41 119


Work Surface - Siding Installers '97 - '99 LTI Summary

346




TTRRUUCCKK DDRRIIVVEERRSS


Equipment operation/handling

“Equipment operation/handling” in this trade is equivalent to“direct installation” in other trades. Equipment operation and

handling includes tasks such as operating, repairing, inspecting,

driving, tying cargo, and helping to load and unload. This groupof activities accounted for 33% of all injuries to truck drivers.



to truck drivers. Hazards relate pr

slippery surface condition of the equarea) and ground.

Observations:

The majority of occupational hazar

drivers can be categorized as follows.

Materials handling on foot – 44% truck drivers were related to materia

injuries occurred to drivers perform

operating their equipment, such as hand helping to set loads in place. 44%

LTIs involved overexertion—the majand carrying heavy materials and o

common type of injury during materstruck-by, most commonly involvin

RISK


3 YEAR

TOTAL

3 YEAR

%


IN TRANSIT 10 21 17 48 20%

EQUIPMENT

OPERATION/HANDLING

19 36 22 77 33%

OTHER 1 4 0 5 2%


TOTAL

OCCURRENCES 61 101 82 244 103%

TOTAL LTIs 55 99 82 236

LTIs 1997 1998

Related to poor

housekeeping 2 7

TOTAL LTIs 55 99



TTRRUUCCKK DDRRIIVVEERRSS

steel, bolts, vehicle) and mineral items (asphalt, concrete, rocks).

Equipment operation/handling - 33% of the total LTIs occurredwhile truck drivers were operating or handling equipment. 29%

of these injuries were the result of motor vehicle accidents.Struck-by (22%) and fall (18%) injuries were also common.

Causes commonly cited were tailgates, cranking handles fortarps, securing the load, and chain binder levers. Overexertion

during equipment operation/handling is also common. The

primary cause reported was upper body strain during repair,inspection, tying cargo, and helping to load and unload.

Surprisingly, many of the overexertion injuries during equipment

operation were attributed to whole body vibration.

In-transit – In-transit injuries are related to walking, mounting,

and dismounting from equipment. These accounted for 20% of

the injuries in the trade. On average, 73% of the in-transit injurieswere related to slips and falls. Of these, 63% were directly related

to mounting and dismounting from equipment. This reflects poorcompliance with the 3-point contact method of mounting and

dismounting, as well as wet, muddy, and icy site conditions.


For truck drivers, many LTIs were related to vehicle and

equipment accidents—10.8% as compared to 1.4% for allconstruction. 35% of these accidents were tipovers. Of these,

29% were related to the operator’s work procedure—for

example, driving with box up and failing to secure equipment.

348

T R U C K D R I V E R S




RECORDS 236 15504


ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET 86 49.1% 1 658 8.8%



SEWER & WATERMAIN 10 5.7% 4 161 2.2%

MISC. NON-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 8 4.6% 5 149 2.0%

OTHER 37 21.1%

TOTAL 175 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 61

PROJECT TYPE - Truck Drivers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summa

13.1%

6.3%

5.7%

4.6%

21.1%

ROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET


PREMISES


RISE

SEWER & WATERMAIN

MISC. NON-CONSTRUCTION

ACTIVITIES

OTHER



PROJECT TYPE

RECORDS 55 99 82 236


PROJECT TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVEROAD/HIGHWAY/STREET 27 35 24 86 29







COMMERCIAL BUILDING-LOW RISE 3 1 4 1

CRUSHING PLANTS & GRAVEL PITS 3 1 4 1

TEMPORARY AGENCY WORK 3 1 4 1

ASPHALT PLANT 3 3 UTILITY OTHER THAN HYDRO 1 1 1 3 1

INSTITUTIONAL 1 1 2 1

BRIDGE 1 1 0

COMMERCIAL BUILDING-HEIGHT UNKNOWN 1 1 0

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL 1 1 0

MINING 1 1 0

TOTAL 43 75 57 175 58


PROJECT TYPE - Truck Drivers 97-99 LTI Summary

350

T R U C K D R I V E R S




RECORDS 236 15504


ROAD CONSTRUCTION 42 17.9% 1 326 2

MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIES 34 14.5% 2 699 5

PAVING/GRADING/HOT LAID ASPHALT 31 13.2% 3 265 2

EXCAVATION 20 8.5% 4 189 1

HAULING MATERIALS/EARTHMOVING 18 7.7% 5 23 0

OTHER 89 38.0%

TOTAL 234 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 2

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Truck Drivers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Su

17.9%

14.5%

13.2%

8.5%

7.7%

ROAD CONSTRUCTION

MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION

ACTIVITIES

PAVING/GRADING/HOT LAID

ASPHALT

EXCAVATION

HAULING

MATERIALS/EARTHMOVING

OTHER



CONSTRUCTION TYPE

RECORDS 55 99 82 236


CONSTRUCTION TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVROAD CONSTRUCTION 13 18 11 42

MISC.NON-CONSTRCTUION ACTIVITIES 9 13 12 34


EXCAVATION 3 9 8 20

HAULING MATERIALS/EARTHMOVING 8 7 3 18



MASONRY 2 4 4 10



OIL & GAS PIPE INSTALLATION 1 3 2 6 CARPENTRY 1 2 1 4

FORMING 2 1 3

UTILITIES 1 1 1 3

CONCRETE/CEMENT WORK/CORE DRILLING 1 1 2

DEMOLITION 1 1 2


FLOORING INSTALLATION (CARPET OR TILE) 2 2

GRAVEL & ROCK WORK 2 2

INSULATION/WATERPROOFING/FIREPROOFING 2 2

SIDING/EAVESTROUGHING/SHEET METAL 1 1 2

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLE REPAIR 1 1

DECORATING/PAINTING 1 1

DRILLING AND BLASTING 1 1

FABRICATION/MANUFACTURER IN SHOP/YARD/FACTORY 1 1


LAND CLEARING/GRUBBING/TREE REMOVAL 1 1



REFRACTORY 1 1

WELDING 1 1

TOTAL 55 97 82 234

NOT AVAILABLE 2 2

CONSTRUCTION TYPE - Truck Drivers 97-99 LTI Summary

352

T R U C K

D R I V E R S




RECORDS 236 15504


OVEREXERTION 56 24.2% 1 2933 25.4

STRUCK BY 48 20.8% 2 2575 22.3

FALLS 39 16.9% 3 2642 22.9

SLIP (NOT A FALL) 34 14.7% 4 1244 10.8

VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS 25 10.8% 5 158 1.4

OTHER 29 12.6%

TOTAL 231 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 13

TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Truck Drivers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Sum

20.8%

16.9%

14.7%

10.8%

12.6%

OVEREXERTION

STRUCK BY

FALLS

SLIP (NOT A FALL)

VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT

ACCIDENTS

OTHER



TYPE OF ACCIDENT

RECORDS 55 99 82 236


TYPE OF ACCIDENT 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVEOVEREXERTION 14 23 19 56

STRUCK BY 11 23 14 48

FALLS 8 17 14 39





TRIP OVER 0 3 0 3


EXPLOSION 0 0 2 2

STEPPED/KNELT ON 0 2 0 2 CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE 0 1 0 1


TOTAL 55 97 79 231


TYPE OF ACCIDENT - Truck Drivers 97-99 LTI Summary

354

T R U C K

D R I V E R S




RECORDS 236 15504


BACK/SPINE 69 25.9% 1 2952 23.

ANKLE 26 9.8%2 798 6.

SHOULDERS 25 9.4% 3 797 6.

NECK 15 5.6% 4 199 1.

KNEE 14 5.3% 5 787 6.

OTHER 117 44.0%

TOTAL 266 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 14

PART OF BODY - Truck Drivers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summ

25.9%

9.8%

9.4%

5.6%

5.3%

BACK/SPINE

ANKLE

SHOULDERS

NECK

KNEE

OTHER



PART OF BODY

RECORDS 55 99 82 236


PART OF BODY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVBACK/SPINE 16 29 24 69

ANKLE 7 13 6 26

SHOULDERS 12 5 8 25

NECK 0 10 5 15

KNEE 5 3 6 14

ARM 0 1 12 13

LEG/THIGH 3 5 5 13


CHEST/RIBS 1 7 2 10

FINGERS 5 2 2 9

FOOT 0 7 2 9 WRIST 0 5 4 9


HANDS 1 4 2 7

EYES 1 4 1 6


THUMBS 2 0 1 3

ABDOMEN 2 0 0 2

ELBOW 0 1 1 2


GROIN 1 0 1 2

HIPS/PELVIS 2 0 0 2

DIGESTIVE 0 1 0 1

JAW 1 0 0 1



TOES 0 1 0 1

TOTAL 63 110 93 266


PART OF BODY - Truck Drivers 97-99 LTI Summary

356

T R U C K

D R I V E R S




RECORDS 236 15504


SPRAIN/STRAIN 57 35.2% 1 2313 28

FRACTURE 29 17.9% 2 1331 16


ACHE/PAIN 20 12.3%4 869 10


OTHER 34 21.0%

TOTAL 162 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 87

INJURY TYPE - Truck Drivers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summ

17.9%

13.6%

12.3%

8.0%

21.0%

SPRAIN/STRAIN

FRACTURE


SURFACE INTACT

ACHE/PAIN

CUT/LACERATION


OTHER



INJURY TYPE

RECORDS 55 99 82 236


INJURY TYPE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVSPRAIN/STRAIN 11 30 16 57

FRACTURE 4 15 10 29


ACHE/PAIN 8 5 7 20






AMPUTATION 0 1 0 1

HERNIA/RUPTURE1 0

0 1 INTERNAL INJURIES 0 1 0 1






TOTAL 57 103 86 162


INJURY TYPE - Truck Drivers 97-99 LTI Summary

358

T R U C K

D R I V E R S




RECORDS 236 15504


DRIVING 29 12.9% 1 130 1.2

UNLOADING 21 9.3% 2 270 2.5

LIFTING 19 8.4% 3 1213 11.

DISMOUNTING (FROM EQUIPMENT) 18 8.0% 4 168 1.5

WALKING 14 6.2% 5 829 7.6

OTHER 124 55.1%

TOTAL 225 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 11

ACTIVITY - Truck Drivers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summary

12.9%

9.3%

8.4%

8.0%

6.2%

DRIVING

UNLOADING

LIFTING

DISMOUNTING (FROM

EQUIPMENT)

WALKING

OTHER



ACTIVITY

RECORDS 55 99 82 236


ACTIVITY 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVEDRIVING 7 12 10 29

UNLOADING 4 8 9 21

LIFTING 3 8 8 19


WALKING 1 7 6 14

SECURING 3 5 3 11

CARRYING 4 3 1 8

LOADING 2 2 3 7


MOVING 1 2 3 6

CLEANING 1 3 1 5

PULLING 1 4 5

STANDING 4 1 5

TIGHTENING 3 2 5

CLOSING 1 2 1 4

HANDLING 1 3 4

OPERATING 2 2 4

PLACING 1 2 1 4

PUSHING 1 1 2 4

REMOVING 1 1 2 4

SHOVELLING 1 3 4

BREAKING 1 1 1 3

DUMPING 3 3 HOLDING 1 2 3

SITTING 3 3

CONNECTING 1 1 2

CUTTING 2 2

DESCENDING 2 2

ERECTING 1 1 2

INSPECTING 2 2

JUMPING 2 2

LOOSENING 1 1 2

OTHER 2 1 1

TOTAL 53 95 77 225 NOT AVAILABLE 2 4 5 11

ACTIVITY - Truck Drivers 97-99 LTI Summary

360

T R U C K

D R I V E R S




RECORDS 236 15504


GROUND 69 31.1% 1 3381 32.


MOTOR VEHICLE 29 13.1% 3 160 1.

TRAILER OR TRUCK PLATFORM 16 7.2% 4 96 0.

HEAVY MOBILE EQUIPMENT & MACHINERY 11 5.0% 5 167 1.

OTHER 37 16.7%

TOTAL 222 100.0%

NOT AVAILABLE 14

WORK SURFACE - Truck Drivers vs. All Const. 97-99 Total LTI Summ

13.1%

7.2%

5.0%

16.7%

GROUND


LOT

MOTOR VEHICLE

TRAILER OR TRUCK PLATFORM

HEAVY MOBILE EQUIPMENT &

MACHINERY

OTHER



WORK SURFACE

RECORDS 55 99 82 236


WORK SURFACE 1997 1998 1999 3yr TOTAL 3yr AVGROUND 15 26 28 69





FLOOR 2 4 4 10

TRUCK BUMPER 1 1 3 5

VEHICLE STEP 3 2 5

LADDER-PORTABLE 3 1 4

EXCAVATION/PIT 2 2

PLANK 1 1 2

RAMP/CATWALK 1 1 2

STAIRS/STEPS 1 1 2


LOADING DOCK 1 1

MANHOLE 1 1



TOTAL 54 93 75 222


WORK SURFACE - Truck Drivers 97-99 LTI Summary

362

T R U C K

D R I V E R S



AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX

Workplace Safety and Insurance Board

Employer’s Report of Injury/Disease

Form 7

Construction Safety Association of Ontario

Accident Causal Data Form (2-sided)

ACD Form

Injury Atlas

Documents

Transcript of Injury Atlas