Injections: How to give them and where to give them
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Transcript of Injections: How to give them and where to give them
Injections:How to give them and where to give them
Chris Ellason
Two Most Common Types of Injections Subcutaneous (SC)
Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous
Subcutaneous Injections
Beneath the skin, on top of the muscle layer
SC Injection Information
Ideal site for cattle and horses is side of the neck. With needles being 16-18 ga and 1”-1½”
Swine, sheep and goats-flank and abdomen are common injection sites. Needles used should be 16-20 ga and ¾”-1”
How to administer SC
Lift the skin away from the underlying tissue
Insert the needle into the raised skin
How to administer SC cont.
Lightly pull out on the plunger, observe for blood. If blood appears withdraw the syringe slightly before making the injection
Administer the injection Massage the area to aid in dispersing the
drug
SC Injection Facts
Active agent is absorbed more slowly when administered SC than IV
Drugs used in SC injections are available over a longer period of time
Intramuscular Injections
Made directly into a major muscle mass with 18-20 ga needle that is 1”-1½” long
Equine Injection Sites
Goat Injection Site
Reasons for Injection Sites
Giving injections in other areas will result in damage to valuable cuts of meat
Any damaged piece of meat must be cut out and discarded before sale or consumption
Facts about IM Injections
Absorption is usually rapid due to the blood supply to muscle tissue
Do not administer more than 10-15cc per injection site
Too much drug in one area may result in muscle necrosis
Deworming
Trying to prevent internal parasites Different dewormers
Ivomec Cydectin Safeguard
How do we check for worms
Preventative Injections
7 way vaccine Preventative vaccine for clostridiums
Clostridium is a spore that comes from the ground
Lepto (Pomona: main strain for cattle) Ingested organism Spread primarily in the urine Can cause abortions
Contagious Diseases
IBR: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis PI3: Parainfluenza
BVD: Bovine Virus Diarreha BRSV: Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
All are respiratory problems
IBR
Bovine Herpes Virus 1 Infects and damages the lining cells of the
respiratory tract Causes flagella in trachea to lay over and not
able to stop bacteria from entering the lungs Nasal and ocular discharge Can cause abortions
PI3 and BRSV
Exposure common when cattle are mixed Infection causes damage to the surface cells
of the lungs PI3 is easily resolved with a vaccine BRSV can be a real problem, especially if
there is concurrent BVD in herd
BVD
RNA virus Associated with multiple viral infections of the
respiratory tract of calves
Other problems
Bangs (Brucellosis) Transferred from cows to heifer calves
Get through the reproductive tract or from milk Can cause abortions in cattle
Foot Rot: Seen more in dry weather when foot is dry Catch it early give sulphur pills and LA 200 Also doctor with kopertox
Other problems
Pinkeye Has to be an abrasion on the eye for the
organism to do harm #1 cause for pinkeye is cattle eating hay from
a round bale Put bales on their ends to help prevent
Conclusion
Read the label Know your injection site Know the proper way of giving the injection