Initiation and Modification of Initiation and Modification of Therapeutic ProceduresTherapeutic Procedures

Maintain Records and Communicate Information

Without proper record keeping

The therapy you provide may not be reimbursable

The hospital may get cited for improper record keeping

Your patient may be harmed

CRT EXAM

Requires knowledge of may facts, standards, and requirements for maintaining records and communication with other health care workers, patients, and family members

Requires application of the rules and standards for record keeping and communication while paying close attention to detail

Areas of emphasis include charting rules and standards, communication and coordination of patient care, and patient education, including smoking cessation education

Accept and Verify Patient Care Orders

ACCEPTING ORDERS

If you accept orders:

They must come from an authorized health care provider with prescribing privileges.

You cannot accept orders transmitted to you via unauthorized third parties (i.e. RN’s)

If transmitted via a third party you must verify the order in the patient’s chart

You should not accept blanket orders (e.g. “continue previous medications”

Accept and Verify Patient Care Orders

VERIFYING ORDERS

It is your duty to assure that all respiratory care orders are accurate and complete

If an order is incomplete or fails outside established institutional standards you should contact the prescriber for clarification before implementing the request

Recording Therapy and Results

BASIC RULEs FOR MEDICAL RECORD KEEPING

Good record keeping begins with careful attention to detail, requires proper use of terminology and abbreviations, and involves knowledge of how to make needed corrections or deletions to a patient’s record

NBRC expects that you know all the standard respiratory care abbreviations and symbols used on the exam.

Guidelines for Authors, Respiratory Care Journal

Recording Therapy and Results

SPECIFYING THERAPY ADMINISTERED

“if it wasn’t charted, it wasn’t done”

Whenever you provide therapy to, or obtain diagnostic information from a patient, you must record the relevant details and, as necessary, communicate this key information to other members of the patient’s health care team

Recording Therapy and Results

NOTING AND INTERPRETING THE PATIENT’S RESPONSE TO THERAPY

Effects of therapy, adverse reactions, and patient’s subjective and objective response

What you need to chart depends on The expected outcomes of the prescribed procedure What parameters you should be monitoring prior to,

during, and after the procedure What measures are available to evaluate the expected

outcomes The NBRC expects that you will properly chart any

adverse reactions the patient may exhibit during or after the procedure

Recording Therapy and Results

NOTING AND INTERPRETING THE PATIENT’S RESPONSE TO THERAPY (cont.)

Essentially all this key information for most respiratory care procedures is provided in the AARC clinical practice guidelines

Each guideline provides pertinent information on Expected outcomes (Indications and Assessment of

Outcomes) What to monitor (Monitoring) What adverse reactions to look for

(Hazards/Complications)

Recording Therapy and Results

SOAP NOTES

When using this method it is best to phrase your plan element of your chart entry as a recommendation

You should incorporate SOAP actions into your daily clinical care, and whenever responding to NBRC Exam questions

Recording Therapy and Results

VERIFYING COMPUTATIONS AND NOTING ERRONEOUS DATA

All computations must be precise and accurate

Use the proper tools and techniques for precision

Check your results to ensure accuracy

Never report data about which you are unsure

You must be able to Recognize and/or deal with conflicting data Recognize plainly incorrect data Identify and derive essential but missing information

Recording Therapy and Results

VERIFYING COMPUTATIONS AND NOTING ERRONEOUS DATA (cont)

You must know how to apply common formulas and equations that appear on the Exam.

Whenever a question involves any numeric data you should:

Inspect the data for obvious errors Inspect the data for discrepancies Review the numbers to see what, if anything, is missing

Communicating Information

The NBRC assesses your communication skills in:

Reporting the patient’s clinical status

Coordinating the patient’s care

Planning for patient discharge

Communicating InformationYou should communicate directly to the physician as soon as possible when

Your written plan includes any recommendations for a change in therapy

Any unexpected response to therapy or adverse effects are noted

The more serious the problem, the sooner the key personnel (attending physician and nurse) must be informed

If it is clear the patient’s vital signs are deteriorating, you should call for the rapid response team

Communicating Information

You should also participate in coordinating the patient’s care

Work with the patient’s nurse and/or physician to schedule the therapy you provide at times:

Least likely to conflict with other treatments, tests, or meals

Most likely to coincide with either the administration or holding of medications

Explaining Planned Therapy and Goals to Patients

To provide effective respiratory care you must properly explain to your patients both what needs to be done and why.

Exam focuses on your ability to “translate” therapeutic goals and/or procedural terminology into terms a layperson can understand

Know the methods and expected outcome of the applicable procedures

Be able to use appropriate language to express this information the patients and their families

The key is to always avoid using medical terminology.

Communicating Results of Therapy and Alter Therapy According to Protocol

When implementing a protocol, make sure you are familiar with

The limits (boundaries) within which you are permitted to make independent adjustments

What conditions require physician notification

Educating Patient and Family

Exam focuses on providing education on smoking cessation and disease management.

Assessing the patient’s learning needs (i.e. desire to quit smoking)

Educational strategy based upon the five R’s Relevance Risks Rewards Roadblocks Repetition

Common Errors to Avoid on the Common Errors to Avoid on the ExamExam

Never accept an incomplete order, a blanket order, or an order transmitted to you via an unauthorized third party

Never use medical or technical terms with patients or their families when explaining procedures or providing patient education

Never erase entries in a medical record; instead always line it out and write “error” above the line-out

Avoid using any banned abbreviations and request clarification if an order contains them

Never allow unauthorized individuals access to any patient’s health care information.

Exam Sure Bets Exam Sure Bets Always read back and confirm a telephone order,

and note the phone order in the chart

Always contact the physician and request an explanation before proceeding with any order that falls outside established standards, such as normal drug dosage

Always document each patient encounter with an assessment of the intervention and the patient’s response to it

More Exam Sure Bets More Exam Sure Bets

Always chart a patient’s refusal of therapy and reason, if provided

Always communicate any recommendations for a change in therapy directly to the prescribing physician as soon as possible

Always verify that the appropriate information has been received by those to whom you “handed off” a patient

More Exam Sure Bets More Exam Sure Bets

Always notify the physician if any significant change occurs when managing a patient via a respiratory care protocol

Always respect the patients’ privacy rights and their right of access to their own health information

Always recommend both counseling and pharmacologic support for patients who desire to quit smoking

Reference:Reference:

Certified Respiratory Therapist Exam Review Guide, Craig Scanlon, Albert Heuer, and Louis SinopoliJones and Bartlett Publishers