Initial Results from a 200-year Soil Monitoring...
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Initial Results from a 200-year Soil Monitoring Study Don Ross, University of Vermont Thom Villars, USDA NRCS Scott Bailey, US Forest Service Nancy Burt, US Forest Service Sandy Wilmot, Vermont Dept. of Forest, Parks and Recreation
Transcript of Initial Results from a 200-year Soil Monitoring...
Initial Results from a 200-year Soil Monitoring Study
Don Ross, University of Vermont Thom Villars, USDA NRCS Scott Bailey, US Forest Service Nancy Burt, US Forest Service Sandy Wilmot, Vermont Dept. of Forest, Parks and Recreation
Project Goals: 1. Establish five 50 x 50 m relatively uniform
plots in sites associated with the VMC. 2. Sample plots at 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150
and 200 years. 3. Archive initial samples for later
comparisons. 4. Obtain a large reference sample of two
horizons for laboratory quality control. 5. Analyze initial samples at three different
laboratories to determine baseline values. 6. Protect the plots for future monitoring.
Sites: • Mt. Mansfield Ranch Brook
– northern hardwood
• Mt. Mansfield Forehead – high elevation spruce/fir
• Mt. Mansfield Underhill State Forest – transitional – SCAN site; reference sample
site
• Lye Brook “Road” – northern hardwood – SCAN site
• Lye Brook “Trail” – transitional
Mansfield Forehead NW NE
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
SW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SE
50 m 5m
50 m
A typical plot plan.
Plots with red numbers were sampled in 2002.
Mansfield forehead plot
Underhill State Park Plot
Ranch Brook plot
Lye Brook “Road”
Lye Brook “Trail” plot
Sampling plan 2002 by horizon (no Oi, Oe or Cd)
204 samples: 49 Oa, 22 A, 30 E, 91 B, 12 BC
2007 ‘large samples’ Oi/Oe, Oa or A, top 10 cm of B, 60-70 cm, 192 samples: 50 Oi/Oe, 50 Oa or A, 44 B,
40 C, 8 E (FH)
2007 by horizon, all sampled 340 samples: 39 Oi, 9 Oi/Oe, 36 Oe, 48 Oa,
30 E, 21 A, 129 B, 28 C
Vermont Long Term Soil Monitoring Plots - 2002 Sampling - Soil Profile ChartsLye Brook - Road site
Depth in Centimeters
Cm. Plot 12 Plot 14 Plot 21 Plot 43 Plot 44 Plot 60 Plot 78 Plot 80 Plot 85 Plot 99123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475
A
Bhs
Bs
Bw
Bs
Bw
BC
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Oe
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E
BC
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A
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Oe
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Bhs1
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Bs
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Oe
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Bhs1
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BC
Oi
Oe
A
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Bhs1
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Bs
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Bw1
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OI
Oe
Oa
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Bhs
Bhs
Bw
Oi
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E
2002 Lye Brook – Road site 2007
Vermont Long Term Soil Monitoring Plots - 2002 Sampling - Soil Profile ChartsLye Brook - Trail site
Depth in Centimeters
Cm. Plot 4 Plot 12 Plot 21 Plot 26 Plot 27 Plot 32 Plot 56 Plot 84 Plot 93 Plot 98123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475
Bhs1
Bhs2
BC
OaOa
E
Bhs1
Bhs2
Bw
Oi
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Oa
E
BC
Oi
Oe
Oa
E
Bhs
Bs
E
Bhs1
Bhs2
Bw
BC
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Bhs1
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Bw
BC
Oi Oi
Oa
E
Bhs
Bw
BC
Oe
Oa
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Bs
BC
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Oi
Oe
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Bw
Bs1
Bs2
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BC
Oi OiOi
E
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Bs
2002 Lye Brook – Trail site 2007 .
Cm. Plot 25 Plot 36 Plot 38 Plot 47 Plot 52 Plot 58 Plot 61 Plot 68 Plot 74 Plot 811 Oi Oi Oi Oi2 Oe3456789
101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475
Bs
Bw
Oe
Oa
E
Bhs
Bs
Bw
Oi
Oe
Oa
E
Bhs
Bs
Bw
Oe
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Bhs
Cd
Bhs
Bs
Bw
Cd
Oe
Oa
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Bhs1
Oi
Oe
Oa
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Oa
Oi
Bs
E
Bw
Oi
Oe
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E
Bhs1
Bw2
Cd
Cd
Bw
Bhs2
Bs
Bhs2
Bw1
Oe
Oa
E
Bs
Bw
Cd
Bw
Cd
Oa
E
Bhs1
Bw
Cd
Oi
Oe
Bhs2
Oi
Oe
Oa
E
Bhs
Bs
Bs
Vermont Long Term Soil Monitoring Plots - 2002 Sampling - Soil Profile ChartsMount Mansfield - Ranch Brook site
Depth in Centimeters
Cm. Plot 4 Plot 13 Plot 20 Plot 31 Plot 33 Plot 35 Plot 65 Plot 66 Plot 75 Plot 1001 Oi Oi2 Oe3456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475
Bw3
Oi
A
Oi
Oa
A
Bw1
Bw2
Oi
Oa
A
Bw1
Oi
Oe
A
Bhs
Oi
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Bw1
Bw1
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Bw3
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Bw1
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BC
Bw2
Bw1
Bw2
2002 Mt. Mansfield – Ranch Brook 2007
Cm. Plot 1 Plot 12 Plot 30 Plot 36 Plot 50 Plot 52 Plot 62 Plot 87 Plot 88 Plot 971 Oi Oi Oi Oi Oi Oi2 Oe Oe Oe Oe Oe3456789
101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475
Bw3
Bw4
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A
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A
E
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Vermont Long Term Soil Monitoring Plots - 2002 Sampling - Soil Profile ChartsMount Mansfield - Polka Dot site
Depth in Centimeters
Cm. Plot 9 Plot 21 Plot 31 Plot 39 Plot 57 Plot 62 Plot 69 Plot 82 Plot 90 Plot 941 Oi Oi Oi Oi234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041 Cd42434445 Cd464748495051 BC >50525354555657 Cd Cd58 Cd5960 Bw2 >5961 Cd626364656667 Cd6869707172737475
Cd
Oe
Oa
E
Bhs
BC
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BC
2002 Mt. Mansfield – Polka Dot site 2007
Cm. Plot 13 Plot 15 Plot 24 Plot 25 Plot 45 Plot 63 Plot 79 Plot 81 Plot 87 Plot 1001 Oi Oi Oi23 Oe456789
1011 E12131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475
Bw2
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Oi
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Oe
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C
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Vermont Long Term Soil Monitoring Plots - 2002 Sampling - Soil Profile ChartsMount Mansfield - Forehead site
Depth in Centimeters
Cm. Plot 5 Plot 20 Plot 26 Plot 33 Plot 40 Plot 45 Plot 48 Plot 62 Plot 77 Plot 841 Oi Oi2 Oe345678910111213 R141516171819202122 R232425 R R26 R2728 R29 R3031 R3233343536373839404142434445464748 R4950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071 R72737475
Oi
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E
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Bw
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2002 Mt. Mansfield – Forehead Site 2007
Cm. Plot 3 Plot 8 Plot 11 Plot 21 Plot 36 Plot 52 Plot 72 Plot 74 Plot 81 Plot 881 Oi Oi Oi Oi234 Oe56789
10111213 R141516 R171819202122 R2324252627 R28293031 R3233343536 R3738394041424344 R4546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667 R68 R6970
E
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Storage 2002 by horizon
2-8 8-oz polyethylene cups 1 complete set stored at HBEF Remainder in Jeffords Hall basement
2007 ‘large samples’ 2-9 8- or 16-oz cups, Jeffords Hall basement 1 complete set to be stored at HBEF?
2007 by horizon Still in plastic bags
Analysis 2002 by horizon B horizons only
20 mL sent to NRCS Lincoln Lab Cations ‘batch’ extracted at UVM, pH Cations by mechanical vacuum extraction (MVE) at
UVM, ICP at FS lab in Durham
2007 ‘large samples’ all except Oi/Oe 20 mL sent to NRCS Lincoln Lab Cations by MVE at UVM, ICP at FS lab
2007 by horizon B horizons only Total C,N and cations by MVE at UVM
Analyses run by NRCS 2002 by horizon B horizons only
Total C, N and S Oxalate extractable Al, Fe, Mn, Si and P Pyrophosphate Al, Fe and Mn CEC Exchangeable cations (detection limit too
high)
2007 ‘large samples’ All of the above except CEC and cations
2007 C, N and S from NRCS lab
Site _FREQ_ C N C/N S
% % %1 LR Oa/A 10 18.23 0.87 20.72 0.112 LT Oa/A 10 41.68 1.83 23.47 0.223 RB Oa/A 10 9.22 0.64 14.60 0.034 PD Oa/A 10 24.66 1.33 18.49 0.135 FH Oa/A 10 23.49 1.48 16.19 0.081 LR B 10 5.63 0.25 23.92 0.042 LT B 10 5.09 0.17 33.63 0.033 RB B 10 2.30 0.18 13.12 0.034 PD B 10 4.59 0.24 20.23 0.045 FH B 4 2.33 0.18 13.10 .1 LR C 10 0.79 0.05 20.12 0.022 LT C 10 0.76 0.02 42.74 0.013 RB C 10 0.79 0.08 10.73 0.044 PD C 10 0.42 0.03 17.09 0.025 FH E 8 2.21 0.19 14.79 0.03
2002 C vs CEC, B horizons
2002 C vs CECe, B horizons
2007 C vs CECe, B horizons
Comparisons 1. 2002 B horizon exchangeable cations
UVM batch vs. UVM/FS MVE NRCS data not used
2. 2007 depth samples vs. 2007 horizons Horizons ‘prorated’ to 10 cm If: 7 cm Bhs1, 16 cm Bhs 2 10-cm Ca = 0.7 x Ca1 + 0.3 x Ca2
3. 2002 vs. 2007 Average of all B horizons
2002 exchangeable Ca, batch vs. MVE
1
2002 exchangeable Mg, batch vs. MVE
1
2002 exchangeable K, batch vs. MVE
1
2002 exchangeable Al, batch vs. MVE
1
2007 exchangeable Ca 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon
samples
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2007 exchangeable Ca 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon
samples
2
2007 total carbon 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon
samples
2
2007 total carbon 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon
samples
2
2007 exchangeable Al 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon
2
2007 Ca:C ratio 0-10 cm sample vs. prorated horizon
2
2002 vs. 2007 exchangeable Ca average of all B horizons
3
2002 vs. 2007 exchangeable Ca average of all B horizons
3
Same as last graph
Ranch exchangeable Ca in the uppermost B horizon Red is 2002 and blue is 2007
91 92 93 94 95 96 1.50 98 99 1.85
81 82 83 84 85 86 3.71 3.69 89 90
71 72 73 74 0.74 76 77 78 79 80
61 0.31 63 64 0.78 2.46 67 68 69 70
51 0.74 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 3.45
0.33 32 0.34 34 0.37 0.31 37 38 39 40
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2.98
11 0.55 0.44 14 15 16 17 18 19 0.93
0.46 2 3 0.70 5 6 7 8 9 10
N
3
2002 vs. 2007 exchangeable Al average of all B horizons
3
2002 vs. 2007 total carbon average of all B horizons
3
Power analysis
0.1140.1180.1190.1570.1400.1180.1600.1790.1840.216
n 10std dev 0.0348mean 0.150
difference to detectP 0.05 0.071P 0.10 0.060
Lye Road B 0-10 cm Exchangeable Ca cmolc/kg
Detecting change
Detecting change
Detecting change
Young volunteers needed!
Funding from the Vermont Monitoring Cooperative and the US Forest Service Thanks to Ethan Morehouse, Joel Tilley and … for lab work.
