Initial Environmental Examination January 2013

PHI: Promoting Partnerships and Innovation in Poor and Underserved Communities (Financed by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction)

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 17 January 2013)

Currency unit - Philippine Peso (Php) Php1.00 - $0.025 $1.00 - Php40.62

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank AFI - ABS-CBN Foundation, Inc. BFAR - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand CAF - Community Assistance Fund CIF - Community Innovation Fund COD - Chemical oxygen demand DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources DO - Dissolved Oxygen DOH - Department of Health EA - Executing Agency ECC - Environmental Compliance Certificate EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EIS - Environmental Impact Statement EMB - Environmental Management Bureau EMoP - Environmental Monitoring Plan EMP - Environmental Management Plan GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism HOA - Homeowner’s Association IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination JFPR - Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction LGU - Local Government Unit LLDA - Laguna Lake Development Authority MGB - Mines and Geosciences Bureau MRF - Materials Recovery Facility MWCI - Manila Water Company, Inc. NAAQ - National Ambient Air Quality NGO - Non-government organization NHA - National Housing Authority PCB - Polychlorinated biphenyl PD - Presidential Decree PMU - Project implementation unit PPP - Public-Private-Partnership Program REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment SPS - ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) TSD - Treatment, storage and disposal TSS - Total suspended solids

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

0C – Celsius (centigrade)

ha – hectare km – kilometer

m – meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter

m3/day – cubic meter per day mg/l – milligram per liter ug/l - microgram per liter

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental is a document of the grant recipient. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 8

I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................11

A. Purpose of the Report ......................................................................................................11

B. Approach to IEE Preparation ............................................................................................11

C. Structure of the Report .....................................................................................................11

C. Definition of Study Area ...................................................................................................12

II. Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework .....................................................................13

A. Philippine Environmental Policies .....................................................................................13

1. Environmental Impact Assessment .............................................................................13

2. Other Environmental Laws and Regulations ................................................................13

B. ADB’s Environmental Policies ..........................................................................................16

III. Description of the Project ..................................................................................................18

A. Overview ........................................................................................................................18

B. Project Location .............................................................................................................18

C. Project Components .......................................................................................................18

D. Project Implementation ..................................................................................................20

IV. Description of the Environment .........................................................................................21

A. Physical Resources ........................................................................................................21

1. Topography .................................................................................................................21

2. Land Use.....................................................................................................................21

3. Geology ......................................................................................................................22

4. Soil Characteristics .....................................................................................................25

5. Climate ........................................................................................................................27

6. Water Resources ........................................................................................................28

7. Flooding ......................................................................................................................31

8. Air and Noise Quality ..................................................................................................31

B. Biological Resources ......................................................................................................32

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1. Forests and Protected Areas .......................................................................................32

2. Flora ............................................................................................................................32

3. Fauna ..........................................................................................................................32

C. Socio-Economic Conditions ...........................................................................................34

1. Population and Affected Communities .........................................................................34

2. Health .........................................................................................................................35

3. Education ....................................................................................................................36

4. Economic Profile .........................................................................................................37

5. Religion .......................................................................................................................38

6. Access to Social Services ...........................................................................................39

7. Solid Waste Management ...........................................................................................39

V. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...............................................41

A. Pre-Construction Phase .................................................................................................41

1. Design Measures ........................................................................................................41

2. Rockfall and Slope Stability .........................................................................................41

3. Grievance Redress .....................................................................................................42

B. Construction Phase ........................................................................................................42

1. Impact on Land ...........................................................................................................42

2. Soil Erosion .................................................................................................................43

3. Water Quality ..............................................................................................................43

4. Air Quality ...................................................................................................................44

5. Construction Wastes ...................................................................................................44

6. Occupational Health and Safety ..................................................................................44

7. Community Health and Safety .....................................................................................44

C. Operational Phase ............................................................................................................45

1. Domestic Sewage .......................................................................................................45

2. Water Supply ..............................................................................................................46

3. Management of Solid and Hazardous Waste ..............................................................49

6 V. Analysis of Alternatives ......................................................................................................49

VI. Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation .....................................................49

VII. Grievance Redress Mechanism .......................................................................................51

VIII. Environmental Management Plan ...................................................................................53

A. Mitigation Plan ................................................................................................................53

B. Monitoring Plan ..............................................................................................................57

C. Institutional Arrangements and Responsibilities .............................................................59

1. Implementation Arrangements ......................................................................................59

2. Institutional Capacity Building .......................................................................................61

3. Environmental Management Plan Budget ........................................................................61

IX. Conclusion and Recommendation ....................................................................................62

BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................63

Appendices ...............................................................................................................................64

FIGURES Figure 1. Project Location Map ................................................................................................19 Figure 2. Geologic Map of Laguna Province .............................................................................23 Figure 3. Location of Fault Systems .........................................................................................24 Figure 4. Soil Map of Laguna ...................................................................................................27 Figure 5. Laguna Lake Water Quality Monitoring Stations .........................................................29 Figure 6. Dissolved Oxygen in Laguna de Bay .........................................................................30 Figure 7. Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................52 TABLES

Table 1. Effluent Standards for the Discharge Into Class C Waters ...........................................14 Table 2. National Ambient Air Quality Standards ......................................................................15 Table 3. National Ambient Noise Standards .............................................................................16 Table 4. Land Use Classification in Calauan, Laguna ...............................................................22 Table 5: Soil Characteristics in Laguna Province .....................................................................25 Table 6. Profile of Laguna de Bay ............................................................................................29 Table 7: Number of Families in Southville 7 as of July 27, 2012 ...............................................34

7 Table 8. Age Distribution in Southville 7 ....................................................................................35 Table 9. Leading Causes of Morbidity in Southville 7 (2011) ....................................................36 Table 10. Educational Attainment in Southville 7 ......................................................................36 Table 11. Place of Employment of Southville 7 Residents ........................................................38 Table 12. Monthly Income of Southville 7 Residents ................................................................38 Table 13. Hazards to Water Supply and Control Measures .......................................................47 Table 14: Environmental Management Plan .............................................................................53 Table 15: Environmental Monitoring Plan .................................................................................58 Table 16. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation .................................................................59 Table 17: Estimated Budget for Environmental Management and Monitoring ..........................61 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Environmental Categorization ..............................................................................65 Appendix 2: Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist .........................................................67 Appendix 3: Site Development Plan of Southville 7 ...................................................................71 Appendix 4: Environmental Compliance Certificates (ECCs) for Sites 1, 2, and 3 ....................72 Appendix 5: Minutes of Public Consultation Meeting ................................................................73

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EXECUTIVE S UMMARY 1. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared as part of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance to the Philippines on the project on “Promoting Partnerships and Innovation in Poor and Underserved Communities”. This grant assistance aims to pilot a viable model for strengthening strategic multi-sectoral partnerships to support the sustainable development of poor and underserved communities that can be replicated in the Philippines and other member countries of ADB. The grant will be administered as a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) program. The Executing Agency of the project is the National Housing Authority (NHA) while the Grant Implementing Agency is the ABS-CBN Foundation, Inc. (AFI). 2. The pilot project focuses on the communities in Southville 7, a socialized resettlement project of the NHA located in the municipality of Calauan, Laguna Province. The resettlement site is composed of sites 1, 2, and 3, of which 3,179 families (54%) were victims of typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy), 1,985 families (34%) were squatter families from Pasig riverbanks and tributaries in Manila, and 732 families (12%) were beneficiaries of the socialized housing program under the Home Development Mutual Fund. In 2009, the NHA handed the operation and maintenance responsibilities for Southville 7 to AFI. Since then, AFI has mobilized resources for residents of Southville 7 from partner organization and individuals. AFI spearheaded efforts in the construction and rehabilitation of some 1,500 housing units, recreational facilities, and a public market; installation of 14 shallow wells; development and upgrading of sites 2 and 3; construction of a livelihood and training center; provision of livelihood and training programs to residents; donations of sewing machines, power tools, and computers; provision of health facilities and health professionals; and installation of 132 solar street lights.1

3. Amidst these significant gains, major challenges to community and social infrastructure remains in Southville 7. Unemployment rate is still high because of the lack of livelihood opportunities in Calauan and neighboring areas. Also, only 8.6% of the families in Southville 7 have electricity in their houses and the residents are exposed to fire and health hazards because of the use of kerosene, candles, and firewood. There is still limited access to clean water which has adversely affected hygiene and sanitation in the community. 4. The grant aims to improve the access of 5,896 families to basic services and livelihood opportunities in Southville 7. The development objective will be achieved by:

(1) piloting a program for expanding multi-sectoral partnerships: (2) implementing a community development and innovation program; (3) enhancing capacities of residents in community development and social entrepreneurship; and (4) establishing an effective project management, monitoring, and evaluation, and reporting system.

5. The Project will support two funds, namely, the Community Assistance Fund (CAF) and the Community Innovation Fund (CIF). The CAF is envisaged as a grant while the CIF will be

1 ADB, April 2012. Grant Assistance Report: Promoting Partnerships and Innovation in Poor and Underserved Communities

9 the revolving fund. The CAF will include programs for the electrification of houses, electrification of community facilities, installation of solar streetlights, provision of safe drinking water, and community improvement projects that will help improve hygiene and sanitation through installation of septic tanks, sewerage improvement, and solid waste management. 6. The Project has been categorized by ADB as environment category B and this IEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement of 2009 (ADB SPS). The IEE was carried out through screening and analysis of various environmental parameters, site assessment, and stakeholder consultations. The IEE covers the general profile of the environment in Southville 7 and its immediate vicinity, an assessment of the potential environmental impacts during different project phases and the formulation of corresponding mitigation measures to address adverse environmental impacts. The site assessment and stakeholder consultations were conducted in cooperation with the AFI. 7. Consultation with stakeholders in Southville 7 on environmental issues and concerns was carried out on 11 September 2012 at the Livelihood Center, Southville 7, Calauan, Laguna. The consultation meeting was attended by representatives from the various Homeowners Associations (HOAs), Laguna Water District, Centennial Water Company, and the National Housing Authority (NHA). Major environmental issues and concerns that were raised by the stakeholders were related to poor water supply, clogged drainage lines, inefficient septic tanks, electrification of houses, installation of more solar street lights, and implementation of ID system for solid waste collection. 8. The IEE has identified that implementation of the project components will cause significant positive environmental impacts due to the improvement of water supply, sanitation, prevention of pollution, and promotion of renewable energy sources. There are no major adverse environmental issues due to construction of project components considering that all the proposed civil works are relatively small in scale. Given the nature and scale of proposed works, it is anticipated that there will only be localized, short-term adverse impacts brought about by the construction activities. These impacts will be primarily due to dust, gaseous emissions, construction waste generation, and noise from site construction works. There is also potential occupational and community health and safety hazards during construction but these could be reduced to acceptable levels through the implementation of mitigation measures associated with internationally recognized construction practices. 9. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared and will be implemented during all phases of project implementation. The EMP identifies the potential environmental impacts from the project and includes the institutional arrangements for its implementation to ensure its sustainability and effectiveness. 10. AFI currently has an environmental officer or community organizer on environmental concerns that works on the ground with HOAs and supervises the operation and maintenance of the solid and hazardous waste management program, tree planting programs, sanitation, and other environment-related projects and programs. However, to further increase the capacity of AFI, HOAs, and NHA to properly implement the EMP or EMoP, an institutional strengthening program is developed for stakeholder organizations. The training program will include the following: addressing health and safety; EMP implementation, inspection and corrective action; proper handling and disposal of spoils; protection of water resources; and avoiding impacts on local population from noise and dust-generating activities.

11. A grievance redress mechanism has been established by AFI to receive and facilitate

10 resolution of affected people’s concerns, complaints, and grievances on various aspects. This existing GRM will also apply to the management of grievances on environmental matters. The grievance redress mechanism to respond to people’s complaints about environmental concerns during construction and operation of the project will be supervised by the AFI. For cases, wherein the complaint cannot be resolved at the level of AFI, the case will be elevated to the NHA for deliberation and final decision.

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I. INTRODUCTION 12. The Government of the Philippines is committed to the strengthening of its social protection program using effective models for expanding private sector and civil society engagement. The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) modality has been proven effective in filling investment gaps for the provision of basic social services. By demonstrating a viable and sustainable model for strengthening multi-sectoral partnerships and community participation that effectively improves access to basic services in poor and underserved communities, it is envisaged that the project’s approaches and lessons will be used by the government in the design and implementation of more equitable and inclusive social development programs. 13. The proposed project will be built on the existing memorandum of agreement between NHA and AFI to support the supervision, management, and community development of Southville 7. The grant development objective is to pilot a viable model for strengthening strategic multi-sectoral partnerships to support the sustainable development of poor and underserved communities that can be replicated in the Philippines and other member developing countries of ADB.

A. PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 14. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) presents an assessment of the components of the proposed project that may present potential impacts, both positive and adverse to the environment. The assessment also aims to identify mitigation measures that could be implemented to prevent, avoid or minimize any potential adverse environmental impacts as well as develop an institutional plan for the sustainable implementation of environmental management measures for the community. 15. The IEE is intended to meet the requirements for Category B projects of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), June 2009.

B. APPROACH TO IEE PREP ARATION

16. The information used in the IEE was based on Grant Assistance document, information provided by AFI, site visits, secondary data sources, and information gathered from community and stakeholder consultations previously undertaken for the project. 17. The Environmental Categorization Form and Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist from SPS were used for environmental categorization purposes and for screening of environmental impacts of the proposed project.

C. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 18. This report is structured as follows:

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• Executive Summary - Summarizes critical facts, significant findings, and recommended actions.

• Chapter I I ntroduction - Introduces the project, IEE report purpose, and approach to IEE preparation.

• Chapter II P olicy, L egal, and Administrative Fr amework - Discusses the environmental assessment, legal and institutional frameworks and requirements of ADB and the Government of Philippines.

• Chapter III Description of the Project - Describes the project location, key components and implementation phases.

• Chapter IV Description of the Environment - Describes relevant physical, biological, and socio-economic conditions within the project area of influence.

• Chapter V Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures - Describes the environmental impacts predicted to occur as a result of the project and identifies suitable mitigation measures.

• Chapter VI Analysis of Alternatives - Presents an analysis of alternatives to the project.

• Chapter VII Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation - Describes the process undertaken to present the project to stakeholders and summarizes concerns raised and actions taken to address concerns.

• Chapter VIII Grievance Redress Mechanism - Describes the project grievance redress framework for resolving complaints.

• Chapter IX Environmental Management Plan - Presents the Environmental Management Plan, including required construction and operation phase environmental mitigation measures, and an environmental monitoring plan.

• Chapter X Conclusion and Recommendation - Presents conclusions drawn from the assessment and the recommendations to be considered in project implementation.

• Appendices - Provides references and supporting documentation and information.

C. DEFINITION OF STUDY AREA 19. The environmental impacts of the proposed project have been analyzed within the primary impact zone encompassed by and adjacent to the Southville 7 community.

13 II. P OLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINIS TRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL P OLICIES

1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 20. The Philippines implements an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1586 or the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) system. PD 1586 was originally devised as an administrative procedure for an action forcing policy that requires proponents of development projects to systematically study and disclose the environmental impacts of their projects. Since its beginnings in the late 1970s, the EIA system has established strong roots in the regulatory system of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). 21. PD 1586 established a landmark policy that required projects with potential adverse effects on the environment to obtain an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) as a prerequisite for implementation. 22. Under the EIS system, a project proponent is tasked to undertake an EIA study and to prepare an EIS or an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), depending on the scope of the project. The EIS/IEE is a written report containing an assessment of the most likely impacts of the project on the environment and on the people in the areas to be affected by the project. The EIS/IEE is submitted to the DENR for review and forms the basis for the approval or denial of the project’s ECC application. 23. The DENR strengthened PD 1586 through the issuance of procedures for screening and scoping of projects, and expanded the application of the EIS system to co-located or similar projects. An important administrative order of DENR relative to the implementation of PD 1586 is DENR Administrative Order 2003-30 which outlines the types of projects covered by the EIS system and the type of documentary requirements to be submitted to DENR. The order also prescribes the processing time of the ECC application. 24. Under DENR Administrative Order 2003-30 and its revised procedural manual (August 2007), subdivision and housing projects, resettlement projects, economic and socialized housing projects, open market housing and other similar horizontal land development projects is required to submit an IEE to the DENR in securing the ECC, regardless of land area. 25. The DENR issued the corresponding ECCs to the three (3) resettlement sites of the NHA. Site 1’s ECC was issued on 08 June 1999, Site 2 on 07 January 2000, and Site 3 on 11 January 2000. These ECCs are shown in Appendix 4.

2. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS 26. Aside from the PD 1586, there are other environmental laws and regulations that are applicable to the project. These are outlined as follows:

14 27. Philippine Ecological S olid W aste M anagement Act of 2000 ( Republic Act No. 9003). This Act is the foremost legal basis on solid waste management in the Philippines. RA 9003 prescribes the development or installation of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) to properly segregate solid wastes. The segregation system should distinguish ordinary or regular garbage from hazardous waste materials. RA 9003 provides the LGUs with an important role in the collection and disposal of wastes at the household level, including the establishment of MRF and the conversion of open dumpsites to sanitary landfills as a suitable final disposal system. 28. Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9275). The Philippine Clean Water Act was enacted into law on March 22, 2004. The Act primarily addresses the abatement and control of pollution from land-based sources and covers all water bodies such as fresh, brackish, and saline waters, and includes, but not limited to aquifers, groundwater, springs, creeks, streams, rivers, ponds, lagoons, water reservoirs, lakes, bays, estuarine, coastal, and marine waters. Under the Act, development projects that generate and discharge wastewater into the environment are required to properly manage these wastes in accordance with the water quality guidelines and effluent standards imposed by the DENR. 29. The project’s wastewater discharges, being located in the watershed of Laguna Lake, is regulated by the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) under the Clean Water Act. 30. The Effluent Standards prescribed by DENR classifies waterbodies into various uses. For a waterbody used for fishing and contact recreation, it is classified as Class C and the following table outlines the Effluent Standards for discharges into such type of water body.

Table 1. Effluent Standards for the Dis charge In to Clas s C Waters Conventional and other Pollutants

Effluent Standard for Class C

Toxic and Deleterious Substances

Effluent Standard for Class C

Color, PCU 150 Arsenic mg/l 0.02 Temperature, oC rise 3 Cadmium, mg/l 0.1 pH 6.5 – 9.0 Chromium (Cr+6), mg/l 0.1 COD, mg/l 100 Cyanide, mg/l 0.2 BOD, mg/l 50 Lead, mg/l 0.5 TSS, mg/l 70 Total Mercury, mg/l 0.005 Surfactants, mg/l MBAS 5.0 Formaldehyde, mg/l 1.0 Oil and grease, mg/l 5.0 PCB, ug/l 0.003 Total Coliform, MPN/100ml

10,000 Phenols, mg/l 0.1

Note: Based on DENR Administrative Order No. 35, series of 1992.

31. Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 ( Republic Act No. 8749). The Philippine Clean Air Act and its implementing rules and regulations govern air pollution management in the country. The law provides for emission standards based on mass rate of emission for all stationary sources of air pollution based on internationally accepted standards, but not limited to, nor be less stringent than such standards and with the standards set forth in the law itself. The Act also provides guidelines on the national ambient air quality for criteria pollutants. 32. The Act prescribes the national ambient air quality (NAAQ) standards of the Philippines as shown in Table 2.

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Table 2. National Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutants Averaging Time ug/Nm3

Suspended Particulate Matter - TSP

24 hours 230 1 year 90

PM10 24 hours 150 1 year 60

Sulfur dioxide 24 hours 180 1 year 80

Nitrogen dioxide 24 hours 150 Photochemical oxidants as ozone

1 hour 140 8 hours 60

Carbon monoxide 1 hour 35 mg/Nm3 8 hours 10 mg/Nm3

Lead 3 months 1.5 1 year 1

Source: Section 12, Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999.

33. Toxic S ubstances and H azardous and N uclear W aste C ontrol Act of 1990 (Republic Act No. 6969). The law was passed in 1990, with the ultimate goal of ensuring full protection of the people’s health and the environment from unreasonable risks posed by industrial chemicals and chemical substances. It provides the legal framework for the country’s program to control and manage the importation, manufacture, processing, distribution, use, transport, treatment, and disposal of toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear wastes. 34. The transport, storage, and treatment of hazardous wastes are regulated by DENR-EMB by virtue of RA 6969 and its implementing rules and regulations. The DENR-EMB requires generators of hazardous wastes to register and secure appropriate permits for storage, transport, and treatment. The agency maintains a list of accredited hazardous waste TSD (treatment, storage, and disposal) facilities. 35. Code of Sanitation of the Philippines (Presidential Decree No. 856). The Code of Sanitation was promulgated on December 23, 1975. The Code has been the basis of rules and regulations imposed for health and sanitation. Chapter XVII of the Code particularly contained provisions on the collection, handling, transport, treatment and disposal of sewage, domestic sludge and septage. In 1995, the Department of Health (DOH) issued the implementing rules and regulations of Chapter XVII that prescribes the guidelines on proper handling, treatment, and disposal of sewage. Specifically, the implementing rules and regulations contain the approved individual excreta and sewage disposal systems, proposed design and construction of septic tanks, leaching field and house sewers, and the requirements on public sewerage system. 36. With the continuous degradation of river systems due to indiscriminate dumping of septage collected from individual septic tanks and the results of pollution surveys indicating that 70% of pollution load comes from domestic sources, the DOH in 2004 issued a supplemental implementing rules and regulations to cover stricter guidelines on collection, handling, transport, treatment and disposal of domestic sludge and septage. 37. Noise Quality Standards. The noise quality standards in the Philippines are provided in Section 78 of the 1978 rules and regulations of the National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC). The noise quality standards specify the allowable levels of noise in different area categories, at various periods (Table 3).

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Table 3. National Ambient Nois e Standards Category of Area Description

Maximum Allowable Noise Level, dB(A) Daytime Morning/

Early Evening

Nighttime

Class AA Generally quiet areas such as areas within 100 meters from school sites, nursery schools, hospitals, and special homes for the aged

50 45 40

Class A Areas primarily used for residential purposes 55 50 45 Class B Areas zoned or used as commercial area 65 60 55 Class C Areas zoned or used as a light industrial area 70 65 60 Class D Areas zoned or used as a heavy industrial

area 75 70 65

Source: Official Gazette, 1978 Implementing Rules and Regulations of P.D. 984. Notes: Category of Area is as follows: AA - a section or contiguous area which require quietness such as area within 100 meters from school sites, nursery schools, hospitals, and special home for the aged. A - a section or contiguous area primarily used for residential purposes. B - a section or contiguous area primarily used as commercial area. C - a section primarily reserved as a light industrial area. D - a section primarily reserved as a heavy industrial area. Division of 24-hour period is as follows: Morning - 5:00 AM to 900 AM Daytime - 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM Evening - 6:00 PM to 10:00 PM Nighttime- 10:00 PM to 5:00 AM.

38. Accreditation of Pollution Control Officer (PCO). Pursuant to DENR Administrative Order No. 26, series of 1992, industrial, commercial, manufacturing and private entities, whose activities are potential and actual sources of water, air, and land pollution, shall appoint and/or designate a Pollution Control Officer. Such appointment/designation shall be subject to accreditation by the DENR or LLDA in accordance with Section 8 of DENR Administrative Order No. 26. In addition, all accredited PCOs shall submit periodic reports to the respective DENR Regional Office or LLDA every quarter, or as often as may be required, based on the operation and maintenance of pollution source and control facilities concerned.

B. ADB’S ENVIRONMENTAL P OLICIES 39. All ADB financed projects are required to undergo an environmental impact assessment. The SPS (2009) clarifies the rationale, scope and content of an environmental assessment. This is supported by technical guidelines as outlined in the Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). 40. Projects to be financed by ADB are initially screened to determine the level of assessment that is required according to the following four project categories:

(i) Category A projects normally cause major environmental or social impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented such as in hydroelectric dams. An EIA is required for this project.

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(ii) Category B projects for which minor impacts are expected and can be mitigated. An IEE is required for this project.

(iii) Category C projects do not pose environmental or social impacts. No environmental assessment is required but environmental implications need to be reviewed.

(iv) Category FI projects involving investment of ADB funds to or financed through a Financial Intermediary (FI).

41. The SPS introduces emphasis on the effective implementation of environmental safeguards. The objectives of ADB’s safeguards are to:

(i) avoid adverse impacts of projects on the environment and affected people, where possible;

(ii) minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for adverse project impacts on the environment and affected people when avoidance is not possible; and

(iii) help borrowers/clients to strengthen their safeguard systems and develop the capacity to manage environmental and social risks.2

42. The SPS contains a number of operational principles that includes the requirement to ensure that the measures identified during the impact assessment are included in the EMP and were implemented in agreement with the borrower. 43. Under ADB’s SPS (2009) the project has been evaluated considering the completion of the Environmental Categorization Form (Appendix 1) and REA (Appendix 2). Based on the screening of environmental impacts, the identified adverse environmental impacts of the project are considered site-specific and reversible. The project has been classified as Category B.

2Asian Development Bank. June 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement, enforced January 2010.

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III. DES CRIP TION OF THE P ROJ ECT

A. OVERVIEW

44. The objective of the grant is to pilot a viable model for strengthening strategic mutil-sectoral partnerships to support sustainable development of poor and underserved communities that can be replicated in the Philippines and other developing member countries of ADB. Through a focused partnership framework, the grant aims to improve the access of 5,896 poor families to basic services and livelihood opportunities in Southville 7, a low-cost housing project of the National Housing Authority (NHA).

B. PROJ ECT LOCATION

45. Southville 7 is a resettlement site located in Barangays Dayap and Sto. Tomas in the municipality of Calauan, Laguna Province (Figure 1). Calauan is a second class municipality in the third district of Laguna. The municipality lies in the central part of Laguna and has an area of 7,458.66 hectares. The muncipality is bounded by the Laguna de Bay on the north, by San Pablo City on the south, by the municipality of Nagcarlan on the east, and by the municipality of Bay on the west. It is located approximately 75 km from Manila, 21 km from Sta. Cruz, Laguna, 10 km from San Pablo City, and 5 km from its neighboring municipality of Bay. Southville 7 can be accessed through land transportation via the National Highway. 46. Southville 7 is approximately centered at geographic coordinates 14o 10’ 21.05” north latitude and 121o 20’ 41.50” east longitude. The resettlement site covers a land area of 107 hectares. It is divided into three (3) sites, namely, Sites 1, 2, and 3. Sites 1 and 2 are located in Barangay Dayap while Site 3 is situated across the two sites and is within Barangay Sto. Tomas.

C. PROJ ECT COMPONENTS 47. The proposed grant is composed of four (4) components, as follows:

• Component A: Program for expanding multi-sectoral partnerships • Component B: Community development and innovation program • Component C: Capacity development of residents in community development and

social entrepreneurship • Component D : Project management, monitoring and evaluation, and reporting

system.

48. Component A. This component will develop and implement an institutional framework and business plan for scaling up and sustaining multi-sectoral partnerships through the establishment of an appropriate PPP framework. It is envisioned that Southville 7 will be integrated in the municipal development plan and the annual investment program of the municipality of Calauan by the first quarter of 2013. In addition, the component plans to pilot a PPP project by the thrd quarter of 2013. Financial resources and contributions in-kind from different stakeholder groups provided to Southville 7 is expected to increase by at least 25% in the second quarter of 2015 from the project baseline in 2012.

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Figure 1. Pro jec t Loca tion Map

49. Component B. This component will support two funds, namely, the Community Assistance Fund (CAF) and the Community Innovation Fund (CIF), to promote community development and innovation while enhancing the self-help capacitites of residents. The CAF will be provided as a grant while the CIF will be established as revolving fund. Specifically, the CAF will be utilized for the following:

• Electrification of houses – Rehabilitation of 921 houses out of 2,041 houses built in 1998 by the NHA which has remained unoccupied and are now dilapidated. The CAF will also finance the construction of firewalls and installation of service entrance posts and wiring to connect the houses to electrical supply.

• Electrification of community facilities – Funding assistance will be provided for the electrification of four existing community facilities which were constructed through private sector contributions mobilized by AFI. These community facilities include the livelihood center, training center, community center, and health center.

• Installation of solar streetlights – Additional 47 solar street ilghts will be installed to the existing 132 lights that were co-financed by the Presidential Social Fund and the private sector. The additional lights will be placed strategically in poorly lighted areas of the community. The HOAs will be engaged in the maintenance of the solar streetlights.

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• Provision of safe drinking water – Level 2 water supply which is upgradable to Level 3 supply will be provided to ensure safe drinking water in the community. The CAF will finance about 23% of the total investment requirements while public and private funds will be sourced for the remaining investment requirements. The operation and maintenance will be jointly administered by the HOAs and water supply providers.

• Community improvement grants – These are priority development projects that have been defined and agreed upon by the community through a participatory, inclusive, and transparent process. The fund will also help improve hygiene and sanitation in the community through installation of septic tanks, sewerage improvement, and solid waste management.

50. The CIF will support community projects that improve access of Southville 7 residents to employment opportunities and provide them with sustainable means of livelihood. The CIF will be utilized for the following purposes: (i) livelihood assistance, (ii) social enterprise development, and (iii) use of electric tricycles (e-trikes). 51. Component C . Under this component, the project will support community organizing and mobilization, institution building, participatory governance, and development of social enterprises. The project will assist in strengthening the effectiveness of the established HOAs and support the establishment and capacity development of other community-based organizations (CBOs) such as multi-purpose cooperatives. 52. Component D . The component will assist in the establishment of a project implementation unit (PMU) within AFI, which will be responsible for administering the project as well as monitoring and reporting of results. 53. Of the four project components, it is Component B that will entail the construction and installation of other infrastructure works and basic services such as water, sanitation, power, housing, and community centers. This is the focus of the IEE considering the project activities and scope to be undertaken and the potential impacts to the environment.

D. PROJ ECT IMPLEMENTATION 54. The NHA is the executing agency and the AFI is the implementing agency. AFI is a media-based non-government organization (NGO) that advocates and assists the needy. Its advocacies include programs on social services that address the aspects of education, children’s welfare, environment, social entrepreneurship, disaster management, and community development. 55. The NHA provides policy advice and overall guidance in accordance with the MOA signed in 1999 between the NHA and AFI. AFI will be responsible for project implementation and management.

21

IV. DES CRIP TION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

56. Baseline information on the relevant physical, biological, and socio-economic conditions of the existing environment of the project area is described in this section.

A. PHYSICAL RESOURCES

1. TOPOGRAPHY

57. Southville 7 community is located in a flat terrain with average elevation of 23 meters above sea level. The community is situated at the footslopes of Mounts Nagcarlang and Ambia. 58. In general, the province is mountainous to hilly with a comparatively narrow piedmont plain which extends from the western to the eastern end of Laguna de Bay. Southville 7 is located in this broad alluvial plain. A gradual change in topography on the southern portion of the province is controlled by the presence of volcanoes and by movements along faults west to southwest of the Laguna de Bay. These mountains and rolling uplands are dissected by several rivers and numerous creeks that originates from upland areas and empty into the Laguna de Bay. 59. Site topography is ideal for the intended use of the area. Topography does not present serious environmental problem except for the portion in Site 3 which is located at the footslopes of Mt. Nagcarlang. Boulders can be found in this area which indicates previous mass movements at the slope and is therefore a rockfall hazard. 60. A previous assessment of the DENR-Mines and Geosciences Bureau (DENR-MGB) at Site 3 recommended the relocation of residential units located near the footslopes particularly those row houses in Site 3, Phase 2 (e.g. Block 31/Lot 58), including the houses at the back and those houses perpendicular to the block/lot mentioned. It was recommended by DENR-MGB that slope stabilization measures such as riprap wall with weepholes or protective wire nets should be installed immediately to control any impending rockfall.3

2. LAND US E 61. Calauan is a rural municipality that is primarily dependent on agriculture. Majority of the agricultural areas in the municipality are planted with coconut, pineapple, banana, lanzones, rambutan, and citrus. There are also irrigated riceland. Other crops that are grown are corn, assorted vegetables, and root crops. Aside from agricultural crops, the municipality is also engaged in livestock and poultry raising. 62. Based on the Municipal Profile of Calauan (2011), about 74.19% of 5,533 hectares of the municipality is classified as agricultural land. Only 10.20% or 760 hectares is considered as built-up area.

3 DENR-MGB. 08 July 2010. Ocular inspection of a reported hazard prone area in a section of the NHA resettlement area in Calauan, Laguna.

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Photo 1. View of the pro jec t site ’s topography a t the foots lopes of Mt. Nagcarlang

Table 4. Land Us e Clas s ifica tion in Calauan, Laguna

Land Use Classification Area (hectares) Percentage (%)

Agricultural 5,533.36 74.19%

Built-up area 760.73 10.20%

Forest 360.00 4.82%

Special uses 804.57 10.79%

• Resort 45.96

• NPC site 610.89

• Industrial site 72.14

• Quarry 37.79

• Agri-business 37.79

Total Land Area 7,458.66 Source: Municipal Profile of Calauan, Laguna. 2011

3. GEOLOGY

63. The entire province of Laguna is underlain by Quaternary rocks of volcanic origin. Flow rocks cover the flanks and peaks of various volcanic centers while pyroclastic and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks predominate at the lower elevations. Owing to the similarity in composition and altitude, the pyroclastic rocks are extremely difficult to separate from the tuffaceous

23 sedimentary rocks. Nevertheless, the widely divergent stream from each unit carries and the predominance of the sedimentary characteristics of one unit over its pyroclastic features and conversely are very evident. Very little time gap separates the formation of these rock units. 64. Aside from volcanic activity, the physiography is influenced by the movements along the West Valley and Lipa Faults. Although some lateral movements are apparent, the movements along these faults are essentially vertical; the sides toward Laguna de Bay were downthrough relative to the outer blocks. West Valley Fault skirts the western boundary of the province of Laguna but gradually curves toward the west as it approaches the Batangas-Cavite boundary at Tagaytay ridge. 65. Lipa Fault is characterized by a prominent fault scarp along the southeastern coast of Laguna Lake. It extends beyond Lumban on the north and cuts across the northern foothills of Mt. Nagcarlang and Mt. Lagula along southeast direction. Movement along this fault may have occurred on the last phase of volcanic activity of Mt. Makiling. Small fissure flown along the fault south of Mt. Lagula, simultaneously with or slightly after the eruption of Mts. Banahaw and Cristobal. 66. The movements along these two major faults probably induced crustal adjustment which produce small wrench faults across Mt. Makiling. The northeasterly parallel faults are not known beyond foothills of Mt. Makiling. Theories concerning the disposition of hot springs in the Los Banos-Calamba area center indicate the presence of the faults.

Figure 2. Geologic Map of Laguna Province

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Figure 3. Loca tion of Fault Sys tems

Source: Phivolcs

Southville 7

25 4. SOIL C HARACTERISTICS

67. Based on available soil profile of Laguna Province, the soil in the area in Calauan, Laguna is characterized as belonging to the Calumpang series. This type of soil is associated with broad alluvial plains. The Calumpang series can be found in level to gently sloping land and are well-drained soils which is suitable for land cultivation. The characteristics of the various types of soils in the province is shown in Table 5 while the locations is presented in Figure 4.

Table 5: Soil Characte ris tics in Laguna Province Soil Classification Characteristic

Hydrosol series The soil is a mixture of alluvial sediments of sand, silt, and clay incorporated with plant residues and lacustrine shells. The soils are fine loamy, poorly drained, saturated and under water most of the time. This unit is located along the lakeshore of Laguna de Bay. This is also extensive in the lakeshore of Rizal Province.

Quinga Series Quinga Series is a fine clayey, very deep, well drained soils occurring on the level to nearly level river levees of the alluvial landscape. Hydraulic conductivity is moderately slow and the basic infiltration rate is moderate. This series are mostly located in the irrigated paddy rice of Sta Rosa.

Guadalupe Series The Guadalupe series found in Laguna is the continuation of the series established in the Rizal province. The Guadalupe soil is underlain by Volcanic Tuffaceous materials of various degrees of disintegration and weathering. The surface soil is dark brown to nearly black, sticky and plastic clay. In cultivated areas, the soil is coarse granular to cloddy in structure and very slightly friable. During the dry season, the undisturbed soil is hard and compact and cracks into several big clods. The subsoil is lighter in color than the surface soil. Spherical tuffaceous concretions are present. Leaching is evidently present and the substratum consist of volcanic tuffaceous material of undetermined depth.

Marikina Series Marikina series is characterized from silty to clay loam to silt loam, has a very good land suitable for cultivation, dominant feature is from level to nearly level, well drained medium texture, deep to very deep soils. Limitation and hazards can be identified from none to very slight and is recommended for diversified upland field crops.

Antipolo Series Antipolo series ranges from clay to clay loam up to undifferentiated soil, has limited to pasture or forest, steep well drained shallow soils. This series is very severe to erosion if cultivated, however it is recommended for pasture (grazing) or tree farm or forest.

Tagaytay Series The surface of the Tagaytay series is brown, dark brown to nearly black in color. The virgin soils that have been recently under vegetation are dark brown to nearly black, while those soils that have been under cultivation for a number of years are brown to dark brown. The thickness of the surface soil depends upon the elevation and topography of the land. The surface soils in the upper part of the rolling area are shallow, while those in the valley and sloping districts are deep.

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Soil Classification Characteristic The subsoils are either brown or light yellowish brown, depending upon the extent of the weathering of the tuffaceous parent material. Both the surface soils and subsoils are friable and granular, containing some tuffaceous concretions. The substratum is a tuffaceous material of volcanic origin. The tuffaceous rock extend to indefinite thickness. The soil of this series are devoted to diversified farming, where crop rotaion are practiced. Sheet and gully erosion are very evident, this soil being friable. Several critical areas are already badly eroded.

Bay Series The Bay series is a very fine clayey, deep to very deep, poorly drained soils occurring on level to nearly level slopes on minor alluvial landscape. The soil under this series are probably from old sedimentary alluvium with soils exhibiting poor to very poor natural drainage. This series can be found in Bay where Hydraulic conductivity are slow to moderately slow and the basic infiltration rates are slow to very slow.

Lipa Series Lipa series is fine clayey, moderately deep, moderately well to well drained, occurring on undulating to rolling moderately dissected tuffaceous piedmont plain, mainly from materials produced by weathering of hard tuffaceous rocks. This series can be found in San Pedro, Binan, Sta Rosa and Calamba has a moderate hydraulic conductivity and basic infiltration rates.

Taal Series Taal Series is mostly fine sandy loam, moderately sloping well drained fine subsoil to deep soil and most land are moderately good land suitable for cultivation. Although prone to moderate erosion, it is recommended for upland field crops but intensive erosion control practice should be adopted.

Maligaya Series The Maligaya series is a very fine clayey, deep to very deep, poorly drained soils occurring on level to nearly level slopes on minor alluvial landscape. The soil under this series are probably from old sedimentary alluvium with soils exhibiting poor to very poor natural drainage. This series can be found in Maligaya where hydraulic conductivity are slow to moderately slow and the basic infiltration rates are slow to very slow.

Luisiana Series Luisiana series is mostly clay loam, is limited to pasture or forest, steep well drained shallow soils. This series is prone to very severe erosion if cultivated, however, it is recommended for pasture (grazing) or tree farm or forest.

Paete Series Paete series is mostly clay loam, is limited to pasture or forest, steep well drained shallow soils. This series is prone to very severe erosion if cultivated, however, it is recommended for pasture (grazing) or tree farm or forest.

Macolod Series Macolod series ranges from clay loam to undifferentiated soil, is limited to pasture or forest, steep well drained shallow soils. This series is prone to very severe to erosion, if cultivated, however it is recommended for pasture (grazing) or tree farm or forest.

Calumpang Series Calumpang series ranges from clay to clay loam, has good land and suitable for land cultivation, mostly nearly level to gently sloping well drained deep soils. Slight erosion can be experienced that simple soil erosion control should be

27

Soil Classification Characteristic practiced. This series is recommended for upland field crops.

Carmona Series The Carmona Series is a very fine clayey, shallow to moderately deep poorly drained soils occurring on rolling to strongly rolling relief evidently eroded . This series is clayey in texture have a strong coarse subangular blocky structure, have sticky and plastic consistency when wet. This series can be found in San Pedro, Laguna and has a moderate hydraulic conductivity and basic infiltration rates.

Mountain Soils Mountain Soils are usually undifferentiated soils, is limited to pasture or forest, steep well drained shallow soils. This series is prone to very severe erosion if cultivated, however it is recommended for pasture (grazing) or tree farm or forest.

Figure 4. Soil Map of Laguna

5. CLIMATE

68. Climate in the area is relatively dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. During the wet period, the area is exposed to the southwest monsoon, a regional wind pattern from the Indian Ocean laden with rain clouds and is the dominant factor why rains form at this time of the year. Cyclones in most cases exacerbate the rainy season as rainfall becomes intense. The presence of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where warm

28 and cold air meets, also contributes to the increase in rainfall depth. 69. Cyclone Frequency. The project area lies within the geographical zone number 5. This zone experiences typhoons at a rate of 3 times in a year. Typhoons passing over this area usually come from the Pacific Ocean where genesis takes place. Rarely are these originating from the South China Sea. Their occurrences are distributed within the wet season, i.e., from May to December. Generally, typhoons are the biggest single contributor of abnormal rainfalls that oftentimes lead to unusual flooding. They also bring strong winds that could result to disasters.

70. Temperature. The variation of the mean monthly highest maximum and lowest minimum temperature between locations are relatively low. The mean monthly temperature during the months of November to December drops to as low as 25oC and rises to as high as 29oC in the months of May to June. However, the lowest minimum temperature does not drop below 20oC and the highest does not go beyond 35 oC. 71. Relative H umidity. The relative humidity in the area showed that the mean monthly relative humidity dropped to as low as 77% and rise to as high as 87%. The eastern portion of the province, indicated a low mean monthly relative humidity in the months of February to May with 76% to 79% and having an average range of 81% to 85% in the months of June to January.

6. WATER RESOURCES

72. Surface Water. Southville 7 is within the Laguna de Bay watershed. The Wakat River which drains towards the Laguna de Bay traverses the project site at the eastern section. The banks of the river adjacent to the project site is provided with riprap/embankment. Accumulation of sediments characterize the river which probably resulted from soil erosion from the adjacent mountains of Nagcarlang and Ambia.

Photo 2. View of the Wakat River

29 73. Table 6 presents the profile of the Laguna de Bay.

Table 6. Profile of Laguna de Bay Surface area 900 sq km Average depth 2.5 m Maximum depth 20 m (measured at Diablo Pass) Average volume 2,250,000,000 m3 Retention time 8 months Shoreline 285 km Biological resources Fish, mollusks, crustaceans, planktons,

macrophytes Sources: LLDA Environment Monitor 2005; LLDA Environment Monitor 2008

74. At present, the Laguna de Bay is a source of irrigation water, cooling water, and hydroelectric power; a transport route for oil products and the lakeshore dwellers; a source of snails for duck feed; a venue for recreation and most notably a source of fish supply. The lake also serves as a huge sink of wastes coming from domestic sources (household and service sectors); non-point sources (surface runoff from urban areas, crop lands, and forest lands); industries, livestock and poultry production, fishery activities and Pasig River and Manggahan Floodway backflow.

Figure 5. La guna Lake Water Quality Monitoring Sta tions

Source: LLDA

Southville 7

30 75. Based on information from the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), fish and fisheries production at the Laguna Lake continue to increase from 118,201 MT in 2002 to 148,601 MT in 2008. There are also a growing number of fish structures that are found in the lake. 76. The Laguna de Bay has a zoning and management plan which was developed in 1996 which allocated 15,000 hectares for aquaculture; 10,000 hectares for fishpen and 5,000 hectares for fish cages. The Laguna de Bay Zoning and Management Plan (ZOMAP) is a management system that is designed for the equitable allocation of the lake’s fishery resources. It prescribes the area allocation and defines the fishpen and fishcage layout, fish sanctuaries, open fishing and navigational lane. The plan was completed in 1998 with the transfer and/or realignment of registered fishpens inside the designated fishpen belt. 77. Despite the plan, illegal fishpens and fishcages continue to proliferate in the lake. There are fishpens constructed without permits and those owned by delinquent operators that contribute to the continuing decline in water quality of the lake. 78. Surface Water Quality. The Laguna Lake is classified as a Class C surface water body which means that its most beneficial use is for fishing and contact recreation in accordance with the DENR Water Quality Criteria. 79. Monitoring reports from the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) indicate that the average Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of the lake shows a value <5.0 mg/l, which indicates poor water quality. A low DO makes a river or water body less capable of supporting diverse aquatic life. Tributary rivers like Bay, Sta. Cruz, Pagsanjan, Pangil, and Tanay Rivers pass the criteria for Class C water. In terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), the lake meets the criterion for Class C water quality. A high BOD in water is an indicator of the degree of water pollution. There are only nine (9) out of 17 tributary river monitoring stations of the LLDA that fail to meet the set criterion for BOD. These tributary rivers are those located along Pasig River. All the other river stations continue to meet the BOD criterion.

Figure 6. Dis s olved Oxygen in Laguna de Bay

Source: LLDA

31 80. The total coliform count which gives a general indication of the contamination from domestic and other organic sources is a problematic water quality parameter in Laguna Lake. The allowable Total Coliform Count for Class C water is set at 5,000 MPN/100 ml based on the DENR Water Quality Criteria. The lake’s water quality continues to show coliforms levels beyond the criterion confirming that it receives untreated or inadequately treated domestic and livestock wastes. 81. Monitoring results for phosphorus, indicate that the lake water exceeds the water quality criteria. Nutrients are substances necessary for the growth of all living things. Examples of nutrients include nitrogen, carbon, potassium and phosphorus. However, too much nutrients in water bodies can contribute to algal bloom. Phosphorus may exist in water either in dissolved or in suspended form. Source of phosphate include polyphosphate in detergents, raw sewage and runoff from farms. Criterion for phosphate in lake water must not exceed an average of 0.05 mg/l. On the other hand, criterion for phosphate in rivers is set at 0.04 mg/l. The tributary rivers meet the criteria but an increasing trend can be observed. 82. The watershed is faced with problems such as conversion of forest to agricultural lands and into other uses. Urban development will further increase the loading of nitrogen and phosphorus in the lake. The rapid deterioration of the watershed resulted to sediment input to the lake. There is also privatization/titling of lakeshore areas. Settlements encroach upon the lakeshore to a degree so alarming. 83. Information from the LLDA reveals that about 60% of the total households discharge liquid and solid wastes directly into the lake or into the tributary rivers of the lake. Domestic sources of pollution including highly pollutive leachate from solid wastes, account for about 70% of the organic wastes discharged into the lake. A study conducted in 2008 shows discharges of untreated domestic wastewater mostly from the western portion of the watershed, now accounts to 77% of total BOD loading into the lake. 84. Groundwater. Infiltration from rainfall is the direct source of most near surface aquifers in the area. Free-flowing and intermittent springs are being used as source of water supply.

7. FLOODING 85. Flooding near the shores of Laguna de Bay is experienced as a result of continuous and excessive rainfall from either typhoon or the southwest monsoon. Although Southville 7 is located in the alluvial plain, the area that is not prone to flooding. This is may be attributed to large tract of open agricultural land in the municipality which renders absorption of rainwater, rather than contributing to runoff in creeks and rivers.

8. AIR AND NOISE QUALITY

86. The general sources of air pollution in the project area are burning of vegetation, dust from roads, vehicle emissions, and occasional burning of garbage by residents. The dominant sources of noise in the area are community noise such as passing vehicles and people talking. There are no major industrial activities that will contribute to pollution in the ambient air or increase in noise levels.

32 B. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

1. FORESTS AND PROTECTED AREAS 87. The Makiling Forest Reserve and the Mt. Banahaw-San Cristobal National Park are the nearest protected areas to Southville 7. Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve is about 8 km to the east while the Mt. Banahaw-San Critobal National Park is approximately 8.5 km away to the south. 88. The Makiling Forest Reserve was designated under Proclamation 552 dated 23 February 1933 and Proclamation No. 692 dated 02 August 1960. The forest reserve covers 4,224 hectares extending across 80% of the mountain. Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve straddles the municipalities of Los Banos, Bay and Calamba (all in Laguna Province) and the municipality of Sto. Tomas in Batangas Province. 89. The Mt. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape covers an area of 10,900.59 hectares and traverses the municipalities of Lucban, Tayabas, Sariaya, Candelaria and Dolores in Quezon Province; and the municipalities of Nagcarlan, Liliw, Majayjay, and San Pablo City in Laguna Province. The protected landscape was proclaimed under Proclamation 411 dated 25 June 2011. 2. FLORA

90. The nearest forested area to the site is the Mts. Nagcarlang and Ambia. The vegetation in these mountains is dense and mostly composed of secondary growth trees, coconut, and banana trees. 91. Within Southville 7, there are community gardens which are planted with cassava, papaya, banana, and a variety of vegetables. There are also landscaped gardens in playgrounds and along streets in the community which are maintained by residents. The vegetation in the project area and immediate vicinity is basically a combination of a banana and coconut-based agro-ecosystem, brushland, grassland, and secondary forest. The agro-ecosystem is located both in the foothills and lower midslope portion of Mts. Nagcarlang and Ambia. It is dominated by banana, coconuts, mango and other perennial agricultural crops like pineapple. Subsistence farming is being practiced by some residents in backyards and in open areas. 3. FAUNA

92. Based on the survey performed and interviews with key informants, there are no rare animal species found living in the project area. The vicinity is highly disturbed by community activities. Generally, it can be said that the site is not fit to support diverse wildlife species and common faunal population is limited to goats, cows, carabaos, and household pets. The remaining open areas in Southville 7 are being used as grazing land of the animals. Duck raising is also being practiced by some residents as a means of livelihood.

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Photo 3. Vegetables be ing planted in open areas by res idents

Photo 4. Lands caped areas in the community

34 C. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

1. POPULATION AND AFFECTED COMMUNITIES

93. Southville 7 is divided into three sites. The relocatees are victims of typhoon Ondoy, squatter families from Pasig riverbanks and tributaries in Manila. As of July 27, 2012, Site 1 has a recorded household population of 2,287 families; Site 2 has 19 families; and Site 3 has 2,931 families. Overall, Southville 7 has a household population of 5,237 families as of July 27, 2012.4

Table 7: Number of Families in S outhville 7 a s o f J u ly 27, 2012

LOCATION PLACE OF ORIGIN NO. OF FAMILIES TOTAL PERCENTAGE (%)

SITE 1 First Ville (AFI) 473 2,287 43.67%

SMC Ville (AFI) 669

Pasig-Ondoy (NHA) 681

Marikina (NHA) 48

Tripa / Old Relocatees (NHA) 416

SITE 2 AFI relocatees 19 19 0.36%

SITE 3 Blocks 72 & 73 70 2,931 55.97%

Block 12 (AFI) 55

Block 10 (AFI) 60

Site 3

Pasig-Ondoy (AFI) 1,997

Marikina (AFI) 452

Old Relocatees (NHA) 271

Calauan (Dump Site) 26

TOTAL 5,237 5,237 100% Source: Bayanijuan Population Distribution as of July 27, 2012, ABS-CBN Foundation, Inc. 94. The population of Southville 7 is still not officially included in the population statistics of the municipality of Calauan. Based on the data from the Municipal Planning and Development Office of Calauan, the 2011 population of the municipality is 61,437. Barangay Dayap, the host barangay of Sites 1 and 2, has a recorded population of 8,042 and population density of 7. Meanwhile, Barangay Sto. Tomas, which hosts Site 3, has a recorded population of 3,305 and a population density of 1. The population in Calauan will continue to increase with the relocation of more families to Southville 7. 95. Sex Distribution. In terms of sex distribution, out of 14,828 individuals, there are 7,263

4 Bayanijuan Population Distribution as of July 27, 2012. ABS-CBN Foundation, Inc.

35 males while 7,205 are females in Southville 7. 96. Age Distribution. Majority of the population in Southville 7 belong to the labor force (18 – 60 years old). On the other hand, those who are considered “dependents” (0 – 17 years old), represent about 45% of the total household members. Only 3% belong to the age group 60 years old and above.

Table 8. Age Dis tribution in Southville 7

Age Range Frequency Percentage 60 years and up 474 3 50-59 782 5 40-49 1,614 11 30 - 39 2,427 16 18 - 29 2,821 19 13 - 17 1,682 11 6 - 12 2,624 18 5 and below 2,404 16 TOTAL 14, 828 100

2. HEALTH

97. Health Services. Southville 7 has a health center (SM Multi Center Clinic) to provide medical services to residents. The clinic was built with support from SM Foundation. Two doctors, one nurse, one midwife, and a dentist (who reports on occasional basis) perform medical services in the clinic. The medical center offers free medical consultation, free medicines (as available), first aid, maternal and child health services, health education and promotion, vaccination, immunization, home and hospital visits of patients, emergency transfer and referral of patients, medical and dental missions, and coordination with other groups and sectors for inspection on environmental sanitation. The medical center is open from Monday to Friday from 8AM to 8PM to attend to the medical needs of the residents. 98. The nearest hospital to the Southville 7 resettlement site is the Pagamutang Pangmasa ng Laguna in Barangay Maitim, Bay, Laguna which is about 15 minutes away by land transportation. There is also a Municipal Health Center of Calauan which is 10 minutes away by land transport. Serious medical cases are brought to the provincial hospitals in San Pablo City or at Sta. Cruz. These hospitals are both situated about 45 minutes away from the site by land transport. 99. Illnesses. Based on health report of the clinic for January – December 2011, the leading causes of morbidity in Southville 7 are respiratory problems, systemic viral infection, hypertension, acute gastroenteritis, staphylococcus skin infection, urinary tract infection, acute tonsilopharyngitis, musculoskeletal sprain, conjunctivitis, and otitis media. Table 9 presents the top causes of mordibity and number of affected persons in Southville 7.

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Table 9. Leading Caus es of Morbidity in Southville 7 (2011)

Illness Total Number of Affected Persons

1. Respiratory problem

• Upper respiratory tract infection (97)

• Acute upper respiratory infection (616)

• Bronchopneumonia (240)

• Lower respiratory tract infection (240)

• Community acquired pneumonia (88)

• Bronchitis (89)

• Pneumonia (56)

• Pulmonary tuberculosis (33)

2,272

2. Systemic viral infection 206

3. Hypertension 150

4. Acute gastroenteritis 157

5. Staphylococcus skin infection 133

6. Urinary tract infection 104

7. Acute tonsilopharyngitis 45

8. Musculoskeletal sprain 35

9. Conjunctivitis 26

10. Otitis media 19

Source: Health Report January 2011 – December 2011, SM Multicenter Clinic

3. EDUCATION

100. There is a relatively low educational attainment among the household members (Table 10). There are only about 1,490 residents (10%) who reached college, 628 residents of whom are college graduates. There are about 7 residents who took up post-graduate courses/degrees. Most of the household members have some high school education (33%) and completed high school education (19%).

Table 10. Educa tiona l Atta inment in Southville 7

Educational Attainment Number Percentage

4 years old and below (not-in-school) 1,516 10

No formal education 422 3

Primary level 199 1

Elementary level 1,299 9

37

Educational Attainment Number Percentage

Elementary graduate 920 6

High school level 2,066 14

High school graduate 2,829 19

College level 862 6

College graduate 628 4

Vocational 239 2

Post graduate 21 0

Currently in School:

Primary level 319 2

Elementary level 2,152 15

High school 1,068 7

College level 254 2

Vocational course 27 0

Post-graduate 7 0

TOTAL 14,828 100

101. Within Southville 7 are two schools, namely, the Oscar M. Lopez Elementary School (in Site 1) and the Sto. Tomas Elementary School (Annex) in Site 3. The residents now enjoy the amenities of elementary school facilities that are within walking distance from the household’s residence. 102. Those that are currently enrolled at the primary up to the high school level comprise of 34% of the household population while 254 students are now pursuing college education. There are 27 residents who are currently enrolled in vocational courses. 103. With the growing number of people and the low educational attainment recorded among household members, there will be continued demand for more schools and classrooms for the community.

4. ECONOMIC P ROFILE

104. Sources of Livelihood and Income. Out of 14,828 individuals, 26.67% are either employed or self-employed. There are 3,801 individuals who are unemployed and 7,702 are dependents. Of the 3,955 individuals who are either employed or self-employed, occupation includes construction helper, driver, factory workers, electricians, workers in garments industry, house painter, welder, househelper, laundrywoman, manicurist/beautician, plumber, sales lady/salesman, security guard, service crew, market vendor, massage therapist, mechanic, government employees and Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW). There are 195 individuals who are engaged in selling or operating a “sari-sari” store or small convenience store.

38 105. Based on the survey conducted by AFI, about 1,762 individuals or 45% of those employed who work in Manila or outside Laguna Province. Those that work around the Laguna area comprises of only 4% of those employed population. There are 266 individuals or 7% who are employed or are able to find employment opportunities inside Bayanijuan sa Southville 7.

Table 11. Place of Employment of Southville 7 Res idents Location Frequency Percentage (%) Manila or outside Laguna 1,762 45 Around Laguna 164 4 Inside Bayanijuan sa Southville 7 266 7 Around Calauan 88 2 Undeclared 1,675 42

TOTAL 3,955 100 106. Monthly Household Income and Expenses. The average monthly household income is in the range of Php 6,000 – 9,000. Compared to the regional average monthly household income which is Php20,7505

, the affected households average monthly income is much lower.

Table 12. Monthly Income of Southville 7 Res idents Household Income Frequency (no. of households) Percentage (%)

1. Php 25,000 and above 104 3 2. Php 15,000 - 24,000 243 7 3. Php10,000 - 14,000 363 11 4. Php 6,000 - 9,000 751 23 5. Php 3,000 - 5,000 463 14 6. Php 2,000 and below 165 5 7. Undeclared 1,180 36

TOTAL 3,269 100

107. In terms of household expenses, the biggest portion goes to food with the households spending as much as Php2000 – 4,000 per month. Other related expenses are allotted for electricity and water for the households with power and water connections, transportation and educational expenses. Overall, the households complain of the lack of income to defray the cost of education of their children.

5. RELIGION 108. Majority of the residents are Catholics (93.16%), followed by Iglesia ni Kristo (2.76%). There are also of the population Baptist comprising 73%; Protestants, 016%; Jehovah’s witness, 0.90%; Born Again Christians, 1.68%; and Muslims, 0.37%.

5 Average Income, Expenditure and Savings of Families by Region at Current Prices: 2006 and 2009. National Statistics Office. 2009

39 6. ACCESS TO SOCIAL SERVICES

109. Water Supply. Source of water comes mostly from springs and from deepwells. There are three water service providers in Southville 7. The Laguna Water District provides a communal water system for Site 1. There are feeder lines and main transmission lines which are maintained by the water district. The water district sources its supply from deep wells. 110. The Centennial Water Company is another water service provider that supplies water to Site 3 from a spring. Centennial undertook the rehabilitation of water lines and installation of overhead water tank. During the public consultation, the residents in Site 3 complain of poor quality of water. Odor in the water was also cited by the residents. Site 2 was a water refilling station operated by an affiliate of the Manila Water Company, Inc. (MWCI). 111. There are 14 shallow wells that are installed in Southville 7, some of which have been abandoned because of poor water quality. In addition, drinking water is provided at six water stations in the community which costs about $1.09 – 3.30 per cubic meter. The cost is higher than the average price in Laguna ($0.48 per cubic meter) and 75% higher than in Metro Manila ($0.29 per cubic meter). 112. Some of the existing communal wells have been found to be contaminated, hence, are recommended for abandonment or condemnation while others are recommended for chlorination to destroy he coliform bacteria. Frequent incidences of gastrointestinal and waterborne diseases have been reported.

113. Toilet Facilities. All houses are provided with water sealed toilet facilities. However, the residents disclosed during the public consultation that odor can be observed on drainage canals which is suspected to be coming from the overflow of wastes in the septic tanks. They added that septic tank wastes only flow directly to drainage canals because the units have not been siphoned since it was built or since they occupied the housing unit. 114. Based on observation, the manhole covers of some septic tank units have been removed. The residents said that this because of unscrupulous practice of some people who want to make money out of rebars in the manhole covers. The open manholes poses a safety threat to residents, particularly children. 115. Power Supply. Only 390 households or 37% of the 1,049 occupied units6

in Site 1 have access to power supply from MERALCO. Sites 2 and 3 still do not have electrical connection.

7. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 116. Southville 7 has an organized system of managing solid and hazardous wastes. It has a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) which was built and completed in October 2011 for the collection, processing, and recycling of solid wastes. The MRF was built with support from UBS to AFI. 117. The MRF currently receives segregated wastes from 9 HOAs or a total of 5,000 households through “Ecoboys” riding on bicycles with sidecars who conduct house-to-house

6 Source: AFI as of 25 September 2012.

40 collection of segregated wastes. The MRF also receives and processes solid wastes from the wet market inside Southville 7. On the average, the MRF processes about 300 – 500 kilos of wastes which are further sorted in the MRF sorting area.7

118. The MRF has a vermicomposting area for the processing of biodegradable wastes into compost fertilizers. The vermicompost is sold at Php500 per sack or Php10 per kilo and also used in demonstration/communal farms in Southville 7. It is also able to process plastic wastes into pavers and stepping pads which are used for construction and development of facilities within the community. Residual wastes are brought to San Pablo Sanitary Landfill. 119. A key strategy to encourage residents to segregate wastes is the operation of the office and redemption center whereby residents can exchange residual plastics of any kind as long as it is cleaned or dried in exchange for items like food, school supplies, used clothes, toiletries, etc. This program is actively participated by more than 500 individuals, mostly mothers and school children. 120. AFI assigned ten (10) workers to various jobs for the MRF and solid waste collection and management.

Photo 5. The Materia ls Recovery Fac ility in Southville 7

7 UBS Material Recovery Facility. Final Report June 2012. Bayanijuan sa Southville 7, Calauan, Laguna.

41

V. ANTICIP ATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMP ACTS AND MITIGATION MEAS URES

121. Based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed works to be implemented, the IEE has not identified any major environmental concerns given that all the proposed civil works are only limited in scope and are located within planned areas in the resettlement site. There will only be localized short-term impacts during the construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan (EMP). These construction-related impacts can be mitigated by monitoring and supervising the contractors’ work practices. Particular emphasis should be on those related to the storage of construction materials and cleanliness of the construction sites. The project management team should strictly enforce the correct construction practices and standards, incorporate mitigation measures identified in the IEE into the bid documents and specification, and closely monitor the contractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures. 122. The environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures during the project pre-construction, construction, and operation phases are described in the following sections. The detailed environmental management plan is presented in Table 14.

A. PRE-CONSTRUCTION P HASE 1. DESIGN MEASURES 123. In the civil works for rehabilitation of houses, water supply, sanitation, and electrification improvement, the engineering design will incorporate measures to manage construction materials and wastes and to control soil and materials erosion. 124. Relevant provisions of the EMP in terms of implementation of the environmental mitigation measures, monitoring activities, supervision and reporting will be included in the bid and contract documents for any civil and construction works.

2. ROCKFALL AND S LOPE S TABILITY 125. Rock fall, soil erosion and unstable side slopes are noticed at the footslopes at Site 3. The impact of rock fall and unstable side slope are increased runoff and sedimentation causing flood hazard to the downstream areas, loss of topsoil affecting the growth of vegetation that causes ecological imbalances, impact to the aquatic environment in the river and lake caused by erosion and/or deposition of sediments, destruction of vegetation, and development of unsightly cuts and fills. 126. An excavation, presumably about 15 ft. deep was inspected at Site 3, after reports of mining/quarrying were disclosed by residents during the public consultation. Boulders were noted on the side of the excavation. In the past, the DENR-MGB has already warned about the susceptibility of rock fall hazard and mass movements at the footslopes. Any excavation or

42 quarrying activities will aggravate the situation and pose hazard to residents in these areas. 127. The posting of warning and danger signs such as “BEWARE OF ROCKFALL” will be installed at the footslope to warn residents and passersby of this possibility. The ongoing excavation/quarrying activity should be stopped to avert any danger of rock topple. This matter will be closely coordinated with DENR-MGB.

Photo 6. Excavation and boulders near the foots lopes

3. GRIEVANCE REDRESS 128. Local residents and other stakeholders may have concerns regarding adverse impacts during project implementation and also by the contractors’ environmental performance. The AFI will ensure that concerns regarding adverse impacts are acted upon immediately through a grievance redress mechanism as discussed in Chapter VII of this IEE.

B. CONSTRUCTION P HASE

129. The construction impacts will include noise, dust, and air emissions from earth and stone excavations, and construction vehicles. Most of the work will be done manually and machinery will not be used much, therefore, will not adversely afect settlements. 130. During construction, the project will have short-term negative impacts on air quality, noise environment, and surface water quality, primarily, because of runoff of sediments from earthworks (if necessary), movement of equipment and vehicles, and generation of construction wastes and spoils. The impacts are reversible, manageable, and can be mitigated with proper engineering and management controls. 1. IMPACT ON LAND 131. The project’s main impacts on land during construction are from construction spoils due to rehabilitation of houses, removal and clearing of vegetation, removal of materials in clogged septic tanks and drainage canals, and contamination of land from hazardous and toxic chemicals and construction material spillage.

43 132. Prior to spoils disposal, contractors will submit a materials and spoils disposal plan to AFI for approval. The plan will show the location of the fill and/or disposal sites for excavation spoils (if any), and means of disposal of construction spoils. The plan will also provide the measures to be taken to rehabilitate any open pits and excavations upon completion of civil works. 133. Earthen embankments and material stockpiles will be susceptible to erosion, particularly during heavy rainfall events and re-suspension of dust during the dry season. Excavated materials will be used as fill materials. Contractor shall be directed to rehabilitate and cover any open excavations that may be disturbed during the construction activities. 2. SOIL EROSION

134. The project site is traversed by the Wakat River at the eastern section. The river is the receiving point of potential runoff from the project site. The provision of sediment traps and other appropriate mitigating measures to prevent soil runoff will be required during any civil works.

135. Timing is also one of the critical factors involved in erosion and sedimentation control in construction sites. Careful scheduling of construction operations can minimize the exposed area during the rainy season. Site clearing, earthworks, and other civil works should be scheduled during the dry season. 136. In order to prevent clogging of drainage canals, temporary barriers and trenches should be constructed around the stockpiles of materials to control surface runoff. In combination with the provision of silt traps, the contractor can also implement other methods to control erosion such as:

(i) scheduling of clearing and grading during the dry season; (ii) clearing only of areas necessary for construction; (iii) locating potential sources of pollution away from steep slopes, water bodies or other

critical areas; and (iv) Cover and stabilize stockpile of topsoil with tarpaulins when not in use and at the end of

the working day at all times. (v) Cover and stabilize disturbed areas through replanting or other means after completion

of construction works. (vi) Cleaning and declogging of drainage canals.

137. The effect of sedimentation during project construction is only temporary. Upon completion of the construction stage, exposed surfaces will be concreted while other areas will have trees and plants as part of the landscaping plan.

3. WATER QUALITY 138. The construction and rehabilitation of project facilities will have impacts on the water quality of Wakat River. Potential sources of water pollution are from the domestic sewage, spillage of oil and other lubricants, disposal of construction wastes, and wastewater from washing of construction equipment and vehicles. These wastewaters will potentially pollute the nearby Wakat River, including the drainage canals.

44 139. During the construction of the project, the contractor will be required to implement measures to prevent the discharge of wastewater from entering directly into the drainage canals. On-site sanitation facilities to prevent untreated sewage from being channeled into the drainage canals and river will be utilized.

4. AIR QUALITY 140. The construction of the project will potentially result to the following impacts on air quality:

(i) Dust arising during excavation and transport of materials (ii) Air pollution due to exhaust gases from operation of construction equipment and

transport vehicles.

141. The construction activities will be undertaken in a residential area which is provided with large open areas. The potential for significant noise, dust nuisance and air pollution on the settlements from these activities will be minimal and periodic in nature. Good construction practices to minimize these impacts shall be specified in the terms of reference with the contractor. Observation and monitoring of dust and noise levels will also be strictly implemented to ensure that temporary noise, dust and exhaust gases to nearby communities do not cause nuisance. 5. CONSTRUCTION WASTES 142. Construction activities will also generate debris such as discarded construction materials, cement bags, wood, steel, lubricants, fuels, and vegetation debris. The generated wastes during construction and installation of service line and equipment can be appropriately managed considering that an existing ecological solid waste management system is already in place in the community. 143. With proper collection and disposal procedures, the generation of construction wastes will have minimal impact on the environment. Construction materials and stockpiles of soils should be covered to reduce material loss. All domestic solid wastes need to be segregated at source into biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes for disposal at the designated MRF site. The contractor will be required to comply with the existing policies and programs of BNJ/AFI on waste segregation and collection.

6. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND S AFETY 144. Construction activities may cause harm to the welfare of workers. The wearing of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as safety gloves, ear mufflers, and other materials should be imposed. 7. COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY 145. The project construction will result to moderate impacts associated with community health and safety such as transport of materials, fires, emergency spills of materials, and

45 unauthorized entry by the residents into working areas such as open excavations and pits. 146. To mitigate these potential impacts, the civil works contractor will be required to implement emergency response and preparedness procedures to be developed in close consultation with the AFI and the medical clinic. 147. Cordoning of the construction area, particularly open excavations, will be undertaken by the contractor. This will also include the posting of warning signs as required in protecting local community members from open pits. 148. In order to minimize risks from construction traffic, all delivery vehicles will be required to observe the speed limit when passing through built-up areas.

C. OPERATIONAL P HASE 149. The project’s long-term impacts are mainly beneficial, having positive effects on surface water quality, living standards, economic, and financial security, health, vegetation, and the general economy of the area. Improvements in the current condition of water supply, drainage canals and septic tanks and better health education program can significantly enhance public health and safety components of the resettlement project.

1. DOMESTIC SEWAGE 150. A major source of pollution in housing projects is human excreta. Although each of the residential units are provided with septic tanks, some of these units have been reported to be not functioning properly. Upon inspection of some septic tanks, there are no manhole covers, no P-trap to control backflow of odorous gases, and missing clean-out covers. The residents said that there are some unscrupulous people who steal the manhole covers to recover steel rebars and sell these to junk shops. 151. There has been no desludging whatsoever of the septic tanks ever since these housing units were built and occupied. The septic tanks of occupied housing units are now full, resulting to the possible overflow of wastes directly into the drainage canals. This presents potential health hazards to the community and pollution of the receiving body of water. Domestic sewage and other biological wastes contain coliform and other bacteria that cause waterborne and water-related diseases. These wastes also generate odor compounds that may cause nuisance to the residential communities. 152. Surface waters in Metro Manila suffer from deterioration due to inadequate programs and infrastructures to control water pollution. Domestic sources have been identified as a major contributor of pollution of water bodies. With the resettlement of families from Metro Manila to Calauan, Laguna, the problem of water pollution from domestic sources will only be transferred to another area unless comprehensive efforts are undertaken to manage domestic wastes. 153. Untreated domestic wastewater typically contains BOD ranging from 200 – 300 mg/l and suspended solids of about 200 - 250 mg/l.8

8 Wastewater Engineering. Metcalf & Eddy 3rd edition.

This kind of wastewater if allowed to be discharged

46 into any waterbody without treatment will add to its pollution loading that may further degrade the quality of the nearby river. The wastewater treatment plant provides an ideal solution to the water pollution problem caused by the housing project. 154. In the site development plan of Southville 7, a wastewater treatment plant is planned to be located at Site 2, adjacent to the Wakat River. The rehabilitation and proper design and desludging of septic tanks should be complemented with this wastewater treatment plant to completely treat the domestic wastewater from the resettlement site. Without the wastewater treatment plant, the septic tanks are only able to treat about 30% of the organic load that enters the river. Similar to the case in Metro Manila, the river system will also eventually become polluted after a few years because it has reached its assimilative capacity. 155. A major concern of Southville 7 community is the long-term sustainability and technical capability within AFI or eventually the HOAs in operating a wastewater treatment plant. It is recommended that coordination with entities such as the Laguna Water District, Manila Water Company, etc. who are experienced and mandated to provide water and wastewater treatment services to assist in the implementation and operation of the wastewater treatment plant.

Photo 7. One of the septic tanks with mis s ing manhole cover and clean-out cover

2. WATER SUPPLY 156. Different water supply providers exist in Southville 7. Water sources come from deepwells, springs, and communal shallow wells. Some of the communal wells were noticed as placed next to septic tanks which presents a potential route for contamination of the supply. Some of the shallow wells have been abandoned because of contamination. 157. The residents reported problems in the quality of water supply. Yellowish water and sometimes odor in the water can be detected. Poor water supply can be a cause of gastrointestinal disease which is one of the ten leading causes of morbidity in the resettlement site. 158. To ensure clean and potable supply of water to the residents, AFI will require the water

47 supply providers to present a Water Safety Plan (WSP) that will take into consideration a system of controlling hazards in the water supply. Hazards may occur or be introduced throughout the water system, from catchment to consumer. The effective risk management requires identification of all potential hazards, their sources, possible hazardous events, and an assessment of the risk presented by each. The hazard identification should consider potential biological, physical, chemical and other hazards that could be associated with the water supply. At each step of the water supply system, the provider should be able to identify what could happen to lead to contamination and the associated control measures. 159. Effective control measures prevent and/or minimize the levels of hazards by reducing their entry into the water supply, reducing their concentration once in the supply, or reducing their proliferation. To prevent intrusion of contaminants in production wells as well as the spring sources, intensified coordination among AFI, water supply providers, and LGU should be conducted to promote and enforce good management practices and planning. Some of the notable risks and control measures that should be monitored by AFI on the performance of the water service providers are presented in Table 13.

Table 13. Hazards to Water Supply and Contro l Meas ures Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure

Bulk water supply Intrusion of contaminants coming from septic tanks near the water supply source

Microbial, chemical, physical

• Conduct information education campaign on importance of sanitary practices

• Monitor water quality Intrusion of contaminants due to livestock and poultry production activities near the water supply source

Microbial, chemical, physical

• Monitor water quality

Intrusion of pesticide/fertilizer contaminants due to agricultural activities near the recharge area

Microbial, chemical, physical

• Monitor water quality

Contaminated source due to naturraly occurring elements such as iron, manganese, lead, nitrate

Chemical, physical

• Require semi-annual physical-chemical test on the water

Main line Deterioration of pipes Microbial, chemical, physical

• Implement mainline replacement program

• Replacement of deteriorated service and distribution lines

Mainline leaks Microbial, chemical, physical

• Conduct regular monitoring and maintenance of pipelines

• Intensify leak detection and repair program

• Elevate pipes submerged in drainage and canals, when possible

• Identify submerged pipes and monitr occurrence of leaks

Post-Chlorination Overdosing and under dosing of chlorine

Microbial, chemical, physical

• Residual chlorine monitoring• Efficient chlorination facilities with

48

160. The WSP of the water service providers should assign control measures and operational monitoring strategies to the process steps from the source, storage, treatment, and distribution. The operational monitoring plan should include the identified critical points, how to monitor, frequency of monitoring, and the responsible person(s) in the implementation of corrective actions. 161. It is envisaged that through the implementation of the WSP, water supply facilities will improve and the following objectives will be attained:

• Bacteriological/chemical contamination controlled by change in source or treatment of water

• Guinea worm eliminated by changing or protecting the source of water • Public safety enhanced by improvements in housing structures, septic tanks, and

the drainage system.

back-up in case of breakdown of pump or chlorinator

• Operator know-how on proper chlorine handling.

Elevated water tank

Intrusion of animals (birds, restiles, other) due to open cover

Microbial, chemical

• Regular cleaning of tank • Covers should be well fixed

Presence of sand particles Physical • Regular cleaning of tank • Install sand separator at the source

Accumulated rust particles at the elevated water tanks

Chemical, microbial

• regular cleaning of tank. EWT must be rust free

Lost vent cover Physical, microbial

• installation of secure screen on vent

Distribution Line Illegal connections Microbial, chemical, physical

• Secure exposed pipes • Organize campaigns against illegal

connection • Conduct health education program

on ill-effects of ilegal tapping • Implement district / area metering.

Deterioration and bursting of pipes

Microbial, chemical, physical

• Implement mainline replacement program

• Replace deteriorated service and distribution lines

• Conduct field inspection and hydrotesting prior to accetance of water system

• Conduct disinfection, flushing and water quality monitoring.

Inadequate pressure in distribution lines

Physical • Regular pressure monitoring

Water interruption due to no power supply

Physical • Use standby generator • Announcement to residents

49 3. MANAGEMENT OF SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE 162. Waste and garbage disposal is a major concern in any housing development project. The disposal of wastes could provide an additional burden to the local government of Calauan, Laguna as regards to the collection and disposal and maintenance of hygiene and sanitation in the area. 163. It is fortunate that Southville 7 has an MRF and a system for the collection of solid and hazardous wastes. This system encourages waste segregation among households. 164. Hazardous wastes such as busted lamps, batteries, used oil, empty chemical containers, and other related wastes should be separated from the ordinary wastes. These hazardous wastes should be handled in accordance with Republic Act 6969 by a DENR-registered hazardous waste transporter and treater.

V. ANALYS IS O F ALTERNATIVES 165. A No Project alternative is not acceptable because the resettlement project is already existing and that the proposed project components are supplementary measures to enhance the health and safety of the residents as well as improve their living conditions. 166. There are no other alternatives that were considered for the project.

VI. INFORMATION DIS CLOS URE, CONS ULTATION, AND P ARTICIP ATION

167. This Chapter presents the public consultation process that was undertaken for the project, the results of the consultation meeting, and the concerns raised by the stakeholders. 168. Public consultation meeting for the ADB grant project was initiated by AFI with the homeowners and other stakeholders on 11 September 2012. The meeting aims to present the proposed project to the stakeholders and to determine their concerns and issues about the environment and the proposed project. The representatives from the various Homeowners Associations, Laguna Water District, Centennial Water, and the NHA attended the meeting. The meeting was held at the Livelihood Center, Site 1, Southville 7. Appendix 5 presents the Minutes of the Meeting. 169. The pertinent issues raised by the stakeholders included the following:

• Septic tanks are inadequately designed and are defective which poses problems on sanitation.

• Missing manhole covers on septic tanks poses danger especially to children • Drainage canals sometimes smell bad, possibly because of the overflow from the septic

tanks. Some drainage covers were removed which again is a hazard in the area.

50

• Water supply at Site 3 has odor and insects. • Immediate electrification of houses • Installation of more solar streetlights • Collection of solid wastes should be through authorized collectors only to avoid

indiscriminate disposal elsewhere • Investigation of the mining or quarrying activities near Phase 2, Site 3.

170. On the issue of septic tanks, the representative from the Laguna Water District said that they are awaiting the Municipal Ordinance on the mandatory siphoning of septage from septic tanks every 3 – 5 years. The water district plans to put up a septage treatment plant to handle wastewater from its service area. The residents and AFI agreed to conduct physical check-up of septic tanks to check the P-traps and manhole covers. 171. On the odor on drainage canals, the residents were informed that most probably the P-traps in the lines from the septic tanks have been removed or missing resulting to the release of odor in the canal. Likewise, the septic tanks must have reached its full capacity, hence, wastes only directly flow into the canals. This situation will be acted upon immediately to avert outbreak of waterborne diseases. The residents were instructed not to remove the covers of the drainage canals to prevent release of odor and also accidents. 172. The schedule of electrification of houses was explained to the residents by AFI including the results of the meetings with NHA and MERALCO to provide electricity to all occupied houses. It was explained that a Php 44Million grant from the Department of Energy (DOE) to AFI was worked-out for the NHA site. 173. On the solar streetlights, the residents asked for more solar lights, if possible on every corner and on dim areas. A representative of SMC HOA reported that some of the installed solar streetlights are already not functioning. AFI committed to conduct immediate inspection of the solar streetlights. AFI also asked the residents to also help secure and check the solar lights wherein some parts have been stolen. 174. On the solid waste collection, AFI asked the residents to adhere to the practice of waste segregation and to only give the wastes to AFI authorized garbage collector. A resident suggested that to avoid the illegal collection of garbage by non-authorized personnel, an ID system should be implemented. The residents were informed that hazardous wastes will be collected every Wednesday from 3PM – 5PM. One kilo of rice can now be exchanged for 3 kilos of segregated plastic waste. 175. An ongoing “gold” mining or quarrying at Phase 2, Site 3 was reported during the meeting. The residents are worried that this activity will escalate and could result to natural hazards such as rock fall and landslide. The quarry area is outside the Southville 7 property. Immediate inspection was conducted by AFI. 176. In general, the stakeholders do not have opposition to the proposed project as the components are designed to further improve their lives and well-being. The suggestions raised by the stakeholders are important for the development of the environmental management plan.

51

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRES S MECHANIS M 177. The grievance redress mechanism is meant for persons seeking satisfactory resolution to their complaints on the environmental performance of the project. The mechanism is designed to ensure that the basic rights and interests of every person affected by poor environmental performance of the project is protected and that their concerns during the conduct of pre-construction, construction and operation activities are effectively and timely addressed. 178. A grievance redress mechanism will be established to address concerns of the stakeholders during the project implementation. The grievance redress procedure will comply with the requirements of ADB’s SPS 2009 in addressing people’s concerns and complaints in a timely and effective manner. 179. The current complaints management system of AFI is working effectively and will be adopted to promptly address complaints of affected persons and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance at no cost to the complainant and without retribution. 180. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) composed of representatives from AFI, HOAs, NHA, and LGU shall be established. Grievances can be filed in writing or verbally with the representative of the HOA where the complainant belongs. 181. The complaint will then be relayed by the HOA representative to the Bayanijuan (AFI) Community Organizer on Environment who will initiate the conduct of immediate investigation together with the concerned AFI staff, HOA representative and the complainant. Matters are usually resolved at this level. 182. During the construction phase, the Community Organizer on Environment shall coordinate with the project contractor for environmental concerns relative to construction activities. 183. If a particular concern requires substantial budget, the complaint will be elevated to the AFI Management so that other resources can be tapped. Other concerns requiring NHA or LGU coordination are also discussed with AFI Management. 184. If the complainant is still unsatisfied with the decision or action, the matter will be referred to the NHA for final resolution. Figure 7 presents the Grievance Redress Mechanism. 185. The Project Management Unit (PMU) through the Community Organizer on Environment acting as Grievance Point Person (GPP) on environment shall ensure the following:

• The mechanism, including the names and contact details of responsible persons in the HOAs, PMU, AFI, and NHA, is publicly disclosed, and posted in the offices and in strategic places of the project’s area of influence.

• The mechanism is accessible to all segments of affected communities. • The residents are aware of their rights to access and shall have access to the

mechanism free of administrative and legal charges.

52

Figure 7. Grievance Redres s Mechanis m

53

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT P LAN 186. This Chapter presents the mitigation measures to address adverse environmental impact as well as the environmental monitoring plan, budget and institutional arrangements. The environmental management plan (EMP) will be the framework for the environmental management of the project that will commence from the detailed design phase through to operation. It recommends the measures that will mitigate potential environmetal issues, concerns and impacts; environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken to ensure satisfactory environmental performance and compliance of the project; the institutional arrangements for the environmental management of the project; emergency response procedures; and indicators to measure the overall environmental performance of the project.

A. MITIGATION P LAN 187. The construction and operation phase mitigation measures identified in Chapter 5 are summarized in Table 14, together with the schedule, estimated cost and responsible entity for implementation.

Table 14: Environmenta l Management Plan Potential

Environmental Impact

Mitigating Measures Schedule Estimated Cost (US$)

Responsible Entity

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Materials and waste management

Incorporate in design the management of construction materials and wastes

Before contract signing

Part of design cost

AFI/Contractor

Soil and materials erosion

Incorporate in the design the soil erosion control measures.

Before contract signing

Part of design cost

AFI/Contractor

Rockfall, soil erosion, and unstable slopes at Site 3

Coordinate with DENR-MGB relative to the ongoing excavation/quarrying activities to avert damage and potential hazards to residents in these areas. Monitor mass movement and rockfall. Post warning and danger signs such as “Beware of Rockfall” at the footslopes.

Immediately Regularly Immediately

Included in project cost

AFI

Grievances Establish the Grievance Upon completion of Operational AFI

54

Potential Environmental

Impact Mitigating Measures Schedule Estimated

Cost (US$) Responsible

Entity

Redress Mechanism Meetings and consultations with community will be held to discuss the project design and any changes (if applicable)

detailed design requirement

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Land Generation of construction spoils

Contractor to submit a materials and spoils disposal plan. Excavated materials will be used as fill material. Direct contractor to rehabilitate and cover any open excavations that may be disturbed.

Before and during construction

Included in construction cost

Contractor

Construction Wastes

Generation of wastes

Residual cut soil and other construction debris will be disposed in an approved site.

Before and during construction

Included in construction cost

Contractor

Water Pollution Erosion and sedimentation

Temporary barriers and trenches should be installed around the mounds of materials to abate spread of spoils through surface runoff. Cover and stabilize stockpile of topsoil. Cover and stabilize disturbed soil after construction works. Cleaning and declogging of drainage canals.

To be implemented during before and during project construction. The mitigating measures to control soil runoff will be incorporated in the design and bid documents.

Included in construction cost

Contractor

Wastewater from the worker’s camps.

Use on-site sanitation facilities to prevent untreated sewage from being channeled into

During construction

Included in construction cost

Contractor

55

Potential Environmental

Impact Mitigating Measures Schedule Estimated

Cost (US$) Responsible

Entity

drainage canals. Contractor will be required to implement a solid waste and construction waste collection and disposal system in compliance with the solid waste policies and programs of BNJ/AFI.

Air Pollution Spill of materials Cover materials with

canvass during hauling. During project construction

Included in construction cost

Contractor

Emissions from movement of heavy equipment and construction vehicles.

Regular maintenance of construction vehicles. Water sprinkling when road becomes dry and dusty.

During project construction.

Contractor

Noise Noise pollution from the operation of construction equipment

All heavy equipment will be checked and maintained to control noise. Noise generating construction work and deliveries will be scheduled during daytime hours. Guidelines will be issued on prohibition of construction work or deliveries at night.

To be implemented during project construction.

Included in construction cost

Contractor

Construction Wastes

Construction Wastes

Implementation of appropriate solid waste and construction waste collection and disposal system, with provision for waste segregation. The construction waste management system should comply with the existing policies and programs of BNJ/AFI on waste segregation and

During project construction

Included in construction cost

Contractor

56

Potential Environmental

Impact Mitigating Measures Schedule Estimated

Cost (US$) Responsible

Entity

collection. Occupational Health and safety

Increase in the incidence of diseases, accidents

Conduct training and orientation of workers on construction health and safety management. Require the wearing of PPEs by workers within the project site. Strictly require the contractor and its workers to follow construction health and safety program.

During construction Included in construction cost

Contractor

Community Health and Safety

Emergency spills of materials, fires, accidents

Contractor will be required to cordon off the construction area, particularly open excavations. Require the posting of warning signages. Require contractor to immediately cover and sufficiently rehabilitate open excavations after completion of work.

During construction Included in construction cost

Contractor

OPERATIONAL PHASE

Water Pollution Generation of domestic sewage

Desludging of septic tanks every 3 – 5 years Pursue the plans for the proposed wastewater treatment plant that will serve the entire population of Southville 7. Determine other stakeholders that may assist in the long-term and sustainable operation of the

During project life Operational requirement

AFI/HOAs

57

Potential Environmental

Impact Mitigating Measures Schedule Estimated

Cost (US$) Responsible

Entity

wastewater treatment plant. Coordinate with Laguna Water District, Manila Water Company, etc. regarding the long-term sustainable operation of a wastewater treatment plant.

Water Supply Provision of clean and potable water to the community

Require the water service providers to present a Water Safety Plan (WSP) to control hazards that may be introduced in the water supply system. Monitor the performance of the water service providers by taking into consideration the hazards to water supply and control measures in Table 13.

Part of the operations plan

Operational requirement

AFI/ Water service providers

Solid and hazardous wastes

Strengthen the implementation of the solid waste collection system and the operation of the MRF. Utilize DENR-accredited hazardous waste transporter and treater to manage hazardous wastes.

Part of the operations plan.

Operational requirement

AFI/HOAs

B. MONITORING P LAN 188. The actual implementation of the project will be managed by AFI. An Environmental Officer (EO) in the person of the Community Organizer on Environment will be established for project monitoring and coordinating purposes. The EO will be responsible for implementation and monitoring of the EMP and the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) as well as coordination with local authorities and the affected persons. The EO shall work closely with the contractor during the construction phase and will be the first contact on the ground directly for AFI. It shall receive all complaints and grievances arising in the course of the implementation of the EMP and the EMoP.

58 189. The proposed monitoring plan, duration and schedule and responsible entities to be involved in the monitoring and evaluation is shown in Table 15. The EMoP focuses on mitigation implementation compliance monitoring of the EO of AFI.

Table 15: Environmenta l Monitoring Plan Parameter Location and

Method of Monitoring

Activities Monitoring Frequency

Responsibility

Construction Phase

Erosion and sedimentation

Site inspection Site inspection of excavation works, silt arising from exposed soil surface

Quarterly throughout construction period

Project contractor

Damage or nuisance to nearby areas

Site inspection Monitor and inspect construction works especially impact to communities, river

Quarterly throughout construction period

Project contractor

Health and safety Site inspection Review contractor/construction worker health and safety plan Inspect condition of premises re: sanitation, construction waste management, safety management, etc.

Quarterly throughout construction period

Project contractor

Dust Observation / site inspection

Monitor and inspect dust condition in areas that are sprayed with water.

Quarterly throughout construction period

Project contractor

Noise Observation / site inspection

Monitor noise during construction. Conduct interviews with villagers on concerns about noise.

Quarterly throughout construction period

Project contractor

Operation Phase

Rockfall, soil erosion and unstable slopes

Site 3 / site inspection

Monitoring of rockfall and mass movement

Quarterly throughout project operation

AFI/HOAs

Domestic sewage All sites Monitor schedule of desludging operations Report status of long-term implementation of a wastewater treatment plant

Quarterly AFI/HOAs

Water supply All sites Inspect WSP implementation by water service providers

Monthly AFI/HOAs

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Parameter Location and Method of Monitoring

Activities Monitoring Frequency

Responsibility

Monitor performance of water service providers and potential hazards to water supply and implementation of control measures. Conduct water sampling.

Solid and hazardous wastes

All sites MRF

Monitor segregation of solid wastes by residents Monitor volume/quantity of solid wastes collected. Monitor volume of residuals brought to San Pedro landfill site. Monitor quantity of hazardous waste treated.

Weekly/Monthly AFI/HOAs

190. Reporting. Regular reporting on the implementation of mitigation measures and on monitoring activities during construction and operation phases of the project are required by ADB. Annual monitoring reports outlining the implementation of the EMP and corrective measures (if any) are to be submitted to ADB. Reporting is the responsibility of AFI.

C. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES 1. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 191. The institutions that will have major roles in environmental management include the following entities:

Table 16. Res pons ibilities for EMP Implementa tion Agency Responsibilities

ABS-CBN Foundation, Inc. (AFI) / Bayanijuan (BNJ)

• Implementing agency with responsibility for project implementation and management.

• Ensure that funds are available to properly implement the EMP • Ensure that project implementation complies with Government

environmental policies and regulations • Ensure that the project, regardless of financing source, complies

with the provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009

• Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant EMP requirements

• Establish an environmental grievance redress mechanism to receive

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and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns • Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to

ADB.

National Housing Authority (NHA)

• Executing agency with overall responsibility for providing policy advice and overall guidance to the project.

• Obtain necessary environmental approvals from DENR-EMB and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of civil works.

• Review project progress, provide policy support, and guidance, ensure timely and appropriate coordination of stakeholders

• Ensure dissemination of information • Adopt the necessary policy measures and program adjustments.

Community Organizer on Environment / Environment Officer

• Closely monitor contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP

• Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation for submission to ADB

• Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB

• Responsible for coordinating with DENR, LGUs, and other concerned agencies related to the environmental aspects for maintaining project’s compliance with environmental requirements.

Designer/Engineer • Incorporate into the project implementation the environmental protection and mitigation measures identified in the EMP

• Assist the EO to ensure that all relevant mitigation and monitoring measures from the EMP are incorporated in the bidding and contract documents for project supervision and civil works.

Contractors • Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP

• Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor.

Water service providers • Develop a Water Safety Plan (WSP) that will ensure the avoidance, prevention or control of hazards to the water supply system.

• Regularly monitoring drinking water quality if in accordance with the prescribed Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW).

• Implement mitigation measures and a monitoring plan to avoid potential hazards to water supply.

• Develop a system for the management of septage or domestic sewage from the project.

ADB • Conduct periodic site visits to assess the status of EMP implementation and over-all environmental performance of the project.

• Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the implementing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly mitigated

• Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, prepared by the implementing agency during project implementation.

61 192. The AFI as the implementing agency of the project will have the overall responsibility for the planning, design, construction, and operation of the project. The AFI will also be responsible for the implementation of environmental management, mitigation, and monitoring measures outlined in the EMP. 2. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING 193. Capacity D evelopment of AFI and H OAs. Within the current organization of AFI, there is a person or staff who handles matters on environmental management. Currently, the environmental officer manages the solid waste management program, tree planting activities, and other environment-related programs. To strengthen the capacity of AFI in implementing the EMP and EMoP, training of AFI personnel and representatives of HOAs on pollution and waste management, environmental assessment, and EMP will be undertaken. The training program aims to sustain the operation of the various environmental initiatives which will eventually be transferred to the management of the HOAs.

194. The capacity building and training activities will be delivered prior to the start of the construction activities and should be followed-up prior to the commissioning of the project.

3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN BUDGET 195. The costs for many of the EMP and EMoP measures are part of engineering, construction, and procurement costs. 196. The costs for implementing the mitigation measures during the construction phase of the project include the management of soil runoff, dust, and construction wastes, and the training and orientation of workers and community on the health and safety management plan. 197. A budget in the amount of US$10,524.80 is allocated for performing monitoring activities during the construction phase including Information, Education and Communication (IEC) programs on environment. The said amount will form part of project administration cost. In-house community organizers can perform the activity.

Table 17: Es timated Budget for Environmenta l Management and Monitoring Activity Unit No. Unit Cost (US$) Total (US$)

1. Environmental monitoring and inspection Month 24 300 7,200.00 2. Training and Capacity Building

• Environmental management and monitoring Day 2 4.88 976.00

3. Community health, safety and environmental awareness for residents

Day 2 4.88 976.00

Sub-Total 9,152.00 Contingencies (15%) 1,372.80

TOTAL 10,524.80 198. The AFI will submit the following environmental reporting documentation to ADB:

• Environmental Monitoring Reports – semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted with the following information:

o Background/context of the monitoring report, physical progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon;

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o Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable; o Qualitative and quantitative monitoring data; o Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring

plan/program in the EMP; o Monitoring results compared against previously established benchmarks and

compliance status; o Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities; o Identification of key issues or complaints from affected people and

recommendations for improvement; o Adjustments in recommended measures based on monitoring experience/trends

and responses of residents; o Proposed items to be monitored in the next reporting period.

• Project Completion Report – After three years upon completion of construction, a Project Completion Report shall be submitted to include the overall environmental performance of the project.

IX. CONCLUS ION AND RECOMMENDATION 199. The IEE reviewed the general environmental profile of the project and screened them to assess the potential impacts. The IEE reveals that there are no major adverse environmental impacts that are likely to occur due to construction activities. On the other hand, the project components will cause significant positive environmental impacts because of improvement in water supply sanitation, prevention of pollution, and promotion of renewable energy sources. 200. The operation of the wastewater treatment plant should be studied further considering that the AFI and HOAs in the future may not be able to sustainably manage and operate such facility. Coordination with other entities such as the water service providers that are mandated to provide clean water as well as treat wastewater from the community can be explored further.

201. Based on the analysis conducted in this assessment it is concluded that overall the project will result in significant positive socio-economic benefits, and those potential negative environmental impacts that have been identified are small-scale and localized, and can be minimized adequately through good design and the appropriate application of mitigation measures. It is therefore recommended that the project be supported by ADB, subject to the implementation of the commitments contained in the EMP and allocation of appropriate technical, financial and human resources by implementing agencies to ensure these commitments are effectively and expediently implemented. It is therefore concluded that this IEE is sufficient and that no further environmental assessment is warranted.

63

BIBLIOGRAP HY

Asian Development Bank. 04 March 2010. Operations Manila Bank Policies (BP) OM Section F1/BP. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila Asian Development Bank. June 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila Average Income, Expenditure and Savings of Families by Region at Current Prices: 2006 and 2009. Final Results from the 2009 Family Income and Expenditure Survey. National Statistics Office. 2009 Health Report January 2011 – December 2011. SM Multicenter Clinic, Southville 7, Calauan, Laguna. Laguna de Bay Environment Monitor, A report to the stakeholders of the Laguna de Bay Region. 2008 List of Proclaimed Protected Areas Under NIPAS as of June 2007. Protected Areas and Management Bureau. 2007 Municipal Profile Calauan, Laguna. 2011 UBS Material Recovery Facility Final Report June 2012. Bayanijuan sa Southville 7, Calauan, Laguna.

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AP P ENDICES

1. Environmental Categorization Form 2. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist 3. Site Development Plan of Southville 7 4. Environmental Compliance Certificates for Sites 1, 2, and 3 5. Minutes of consultation meeting with stakeholders

65 Appendix 1: Environmental Categorization

ENVIRONMENT CATEGORIZATION

A. Instructions (i) The project team completes and submits the form to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by RSES Director, and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer (CCO). OM F1/OP on Safeguard Review Procedures (paras. 4-7) provides the requirements on environment categorization. (ii) The classification of a project is a continuing process. If there is a change in the project components or/and site that may result in category change, the Sector Division submits a new form and requests for recategorization, and endorsement by RSES Director and by the CCO. The old form is attached for reference. (iii) In addition, the project team may propose in the comments section that the project is highly complex and sensitive (HCS), for approval by the CCO. HCS projects are a subset of category A projects that ADB deems to be highly risky or contentious or involve serious and multidimensional and generally interrelated potential social and/or environmental impacts.

B. PROJECT DATA

COUNTRY/PROJECT

NO./PROJECT TITLE : GRANT ASSISTANCE: REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES:

PROMOTING PARTNERSHIPS AND INNOVATION IN POOR AND

UNDERSERVED COMMUNITIES

DEPARTMENT/ DIVISION :

SOUTHEAST ASIA DEPARTMENT

PROCESSING STAGE :

MODALITY :

[ ] Project Loan [ ] Program Loan [ ] Financial Intermediary [ ] General Corporate

Finance

[ ] Sector Loan [ √] MFF [ ] Emergency Assistance [ ] Grant

[ ] Other financing modalities:

C. Environment Category (please tick one category based on the set of criteria in OMF1 (paras. 6-7)) [ √ ] New [ ] Recategorization ― Previous Category [ ]

66

Category A

Category B

Category C

Category FI

D. Basis for Categorization/ Recategorization (please. attach supporting documents):

[√ ] REA Checklist [√ ] Project and/or Site Description

[√ ] Other: Initial Environmental Examination

E. Comments Project Team Comments

RSES Comments

F. Approval

Proposed by:

Endorsed by:

Project Team Leader, {Department/Division} Director, RSES

Date: Date

:

Approved by:

Endorsed by:

Highly Complex

and Sensitive

Project Director, {Division} Chief Compliance Officer

Date: Date

:

√

67 Appendix 2: Rapid Environmenta l As s es s ment Checklis t Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is

to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are

adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential

impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title:

Sector Division:

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. PROJECT SITING IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?

√

CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE √

Not applicable

PROTECTED AREA √

There are no protected areas, primary forest, wetlands, swamp forest, mangroves estuarine areas, areas identified as having special ecological significance within the area and in the immediate vicinity. The closest protected areas to the project are the Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, located about 8.0km away and the Mt. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape, located about 8.5 km away.

WETLAND √

Not applicable

MANGROVE √

Not applicable

ESTUARINE √

Not applicable

BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA √

There are no buffer zones of protected areas in close proximity to the project site.

PROMOTING PARTNERSHIPS AND I NNOVATION I N P OOR AND UNDERSERVED COMMUNITIES

68

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY

√

The sites are not designated as special areas for biodiversity protection.

B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE…

encroachment on historical/cultural areas, disfiguration of landscape and increased waste generation?

√

Not applicable

encroachment on precious ecosystem (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)?

√

The project will not encroach on sensitive or protected areas.

alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads and resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at the construction site?

√

Not applicable

damage to sensitive coastal/marine habitats by construction of submarine cables?

√

Not applicable

deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff, sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction?

√

This will be avoided or minimized through proper implementation of mitigating measures.

increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, cutting and filling?

√

Not applicable

risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation?

√

To minimize potential risks an Occupational Health and Safety Plan (OHSP) will be developed and Implemented.

chemical pollution resulting from chemical clearing of vegetation for construction site?

√

No herbicides will be used during the construction phase.

noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

√

Minor noise impacts will occur during movement of construction vehicles along access road.

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

√

Not applicable

disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

√

Not likely.

social conflicts relating to inconveniences in living conditions where construction interferes with pre-existing roads?

√

Not likely.

hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre-existing roads?

√

Not likely.

creation of temporary breeding habitats for vectors of disease such as mosquitoes and rodents?

√

International good construction practices will be implemented. Areas of ground disturbance will be restored to prevent creation of ponds and mosquito breeding areas.

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people

living in right-of-way of the power transmission lines?

√

Not applicable

environmental disturbances associated with the maintenance of lines (e.g. routine control of vegetative height under the lines)?

√

Not applicable

facilitation of access to protected areas in case corridors traverse protected areas?

√

Not applicable

disturbances (e.g. noise and chemical pollutants) if herbicides are used to control vegetative height?

√

Not applicable

large population influx during project construction and operation that cause increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

√

Number of workers will be small, and will be required to use the existing sanitation facilities, including water supply, and washing facilities.

social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

√

Hiring of workers from outside the locality may cause concerns among local communities. To mitigate against this, it will be necessary to communicate about employment opportunities with the commune and provide employment priority to qualified workers in the commune.

poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction camps and work sites, and possible transmission of communicable diseases from workers to local populations?

√

Contractors will use existing sanitation facilities.

risks to community safety associated with maintenance of lines and related facilities?

√

Not applicable

community health hazards due to electromagnetic fields, land subsidence, lowered groundwater table, and salinization?

√

Not applicable

risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?

√

Not applicable

community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project (e.g., high voltage wires, and transmission towers and lines ) are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

√

Not applicable.

70

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.

Yes No Remarks

Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I)?

√

The site is located in a relatively flat land. The potential for landslides is likely at Site 3 which is located at the footslopes of Mt. Nagcarlang. No settlements will be allowed near the footslopes.

Could changes in precipitation, temperature, salinity, or extreme events over the Project lifespan affect its sustainability or cost?

√

Not likely.

Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g. high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

√

Not likely.

Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., increasing traffic or housing in areas that will be more prone to flooding, by encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

√

No.

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Appendix 3: Site Development Plan o f S outhville 7

Appendix 4: Environmenta l Compliance Certifica tes (ECCs ) for Sites 1, 2, and 3

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file:///U|/Documents and Settings/rmr/My Documents/RUCHEL/SESS/JFPR 9162 - PHI/IEE/ECC/002.jpg[31/01/2013 10:04:35 AM]

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file:///U|/Documents and Settings/rmr/My Documents/RUCHEL/SESS/JFPR 9162 - PHI/IEE/ECC/NHA p.2.jpg[31/01/2013 10:09:54 AM]

Appendix 5 : Minutes of Public Cons ultation Meeting

MINUTES – CONSULTATION MEETING ON ENVIRONMENT

September 11, 2012; 10am; Livelihood Center Present Organizations: AFI Laguna Water District Centennial Water First Ville HOA SMC Ville HOA APAMA HOA Starville HOA SOLKIA HOA Southville Seven Phase 1 USSICA Ville HOA Sunlife HOA

1. Arlene opened the consultation meeting 2. Leah discussed overview of the ADB Project 3. Ms. Cherry discussed:

a. Overview of the ADB Project b. ADB Measures & Framework c. Environmental Impact Assessment d. Other Environmental Concerns

4. Open Forum a. Laguna Water District

i. LWD is waiting for municipal ordinance to implement septage ii. Poso Negro in Southville 7 – 2nd chamber is open

iii. LWD has 4 communal faucets around the site iv. There’s an on-going filtration plant

b. Concerns with Water System i. Sunlife (Blk 10) – Umaapaw ang drainage

ii. Drainage – walang takip iii. Septic Tank in Site 3 made of drum iv. USSICA Ville raised the issue of water in Site 3 provided by Centennial Water –

may kiti-kiting lumalabas c. Concerns with Electrification

i. Electrification of NHA relocatees (Arlene explained electrification project) ii. Additional street lights

1. Block 92 -96, Site 1 2. Site 3

d. Other environmental concerns i. Alleged mining in Site 3

ii. SMC suggested ID System for garbage collectors iii. Donna discussed plastic redemption system’s new feature: 3 kilos of plastics can

be traded for 1 kilo of rice e. Ms. Cherry discussed E-Trike briefly

5. Ms. Leah closed the meeting