Initial Environmental Examination...The total floor area of KGA mezzanine level is 23,520 square...

Initial Environmental Examination

Project Number: 47279-002 July 2019

PAK: Karachi Bus Rapid Transit Red Line Project

Development of Staging Facility

(Underneath Karachi Goan Association Cricket Ground)

Prepared by the Transport and Mass Transit Department, provincial Government of Sindh for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 19 July 2019)

Currency unit – Pakistan rupee (PRs)

PRs1.00 = $0.00625 $1.00 = PRs160

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank BRT – bus rapid transit DoF – Department of Forests EA – environmental assessment EAAC – Environmental Assessment Advisory Committee EARF – environment assessment review framework EIA – environment impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan EPA – Environmental Protection Agency GOP – Government of Pakistan GoS – Government of Sindh IA – implementing agency IEE – initial environmental examination KGA – Karachi Goan Association km – kilometer LAA – Land Acquisition Act (of 1984) LARP – land acquisition and resettlement plan Leq – equivalent sound pressure level NEQS – national environmental quality standards NGO – nongovernment organization O&M – operation & maintenance PAP – Project-affected person PC – public consultation PEPAct – Pakistan Environment Protection Act 1997 PFS – prefeasibility study PMU – Project Management Unit RP – resettlement plan SC – Steering Committee SEPA – Sindh Environmental Protection Agency SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement TMTD – Transport and Mass Transit Department tpd – tonnes per day

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars unless otherwise stated.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

http://www.adb.org/terms-use

Content Details

S/No. Version Date Summary of Revisions made 1 1 19-7-19 First Draft of IEE report

Table of Content

1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Project Background ............................................................................................ 1

1.2 Project Objective ................................................................................................. 1

1.3 Environmental Category of the Project ............................................................. 2

1.4 Methodology of IEE Study .................................................................................. 2

1.5 Proponent of Project ........................................................................................... 2

1.6 Structure of the Report ....................................................................................... 2

1.7 Further Additions & Updating of IEE study ....................................................... 3

2 Policy and Legal Framework .................................................................... 5

2.1 General ................................................................................................................ 5

2.2 National Policy and Legal Framework ............................................................... 5

2.3 Regulations for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA ............................ 5

2.4 Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014 ....................................................... 5

2.5 Other National and Sindh Government Laws and Regulations ....................... 7

2.6 Regulatory Clearances, Sindh EPA ................................................................. 10

2.7 Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA ............................ 10

2.8 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 2000 ............................... 10

2.9 Interaction with Other Agencies ...................................................................... 11

2.10 Provincial EPAs ........................................................................................... 11

2.11 Provincial Departments of Forests and Wildlife ........................................ 11

2.12 Provincial Governments ............................................................................. 11

2.13 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 ....................................... 11

2.14 ADB’s Access to Information Policy (AIP) 2018 ........................................ 12

2.15 ADB’s Accountability Mechanism Policy 2012.......................................... 12

2.16 Implications of ADB’s safeguard policies on proposed project .............. 12

2.17 Comparison of International and Local Environmental Legislations ...... 14

3 Description of the Project ....................................................................... 19

3.1 Project Overview ............................................................................................... 19

3.2 Justification and Need for Project ................................................................... 20

3.3 Project Construction Schedule ........................................................................ 20

3.4 Construction Camps and Work Force ............................................................. 20

3.5 Machinery Requirement .................................................................................... 24

4 Description of Environment .................................................................... 25

4.1 General .............................................................................................................. 25

4.2 Physical Resources .......................................................................................... 25

4.2.1 Meteorological Parameters ......................................................................... 25

4.2.2 Air Quality ................................................................................................... 30

4.2.3 Noise .......................................................................................................... 33

4.2.4 Climate Change and Effects ....................................................................... 33

4.3 Geology, Soils and Groundwater ..................................................................... 36

4.3.1 Seismic activity ........................................................................................... 37

4.4 Hydrology, Water Quality and Sediment ......................................................... 39

4.4.1 Ground Water Quality ................................................................................. 41

4.4.2 Climate Vulnerability—Flooding .................................................................. 41

4.5 Biological Resources ........................................................................................ 42

4.5.1 Flora ........................................................................................................... 42

4.5.2 Fauna ......................................................................................................... 43

4.6 Socioeconomic Resources .............................................................................. 46

4.6.1 Population .................................................................................................. 46

4.6.2 Land Use .................................................................................................... 49

4.6.3 Physical Infrastructure ................................................................................ 50

4.7 Physical Cultural Resources ............................................................................ 54

4.7.1 Religious, Historical, Cultural and Archaeological Sites .............................. 54

5 Analysis of Alternatives .......................................................................... 55

5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 55

5.2 ‘No Project’ Option ............................................................................................ 55

5.3 Rationale for selected Staging Facility Location ............................................ 55

Alternative Location Options ................................................................................. 55

5.4 Assessment of alternatives to prevent demolition of associated facilities .. 56

6 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ................ 57

6.1 Design/Pre-Construction Phase ....................................................................... 57

Avoidance of demolition of Associated Facilities ................................................... 57

Relocation of Utilities ............................................................................................ 58

Identification of Locations for Labor Camps and ancillary facilities ........................ 58

Development of Traffic Management Plan ............................................................ 59

6.2 Construction Phase .......................................................................................... 60

Traffic Management .............................................................................................. 64

Air Quality ............................................................................................................. 66

Noise Levels ......................................................................................................... 70

Excavated Material (Earthworks) Disposal ........................................................... 73

Community Health and Safety .............................................................................. 73

Worker Health and Safety..................................................................................... 75

Water Resources .................................................................................................. 75

Camp & Batching plant effluent ............................................................................ 76

Soil Erosion and Sedimentation ............................................................................ 76

Soil Contamination ............................................................................................... 76

Drainage and Storm Water Run-off ...................................................................... 77

Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Waste Management ........................................... 77

Historical/Archaeological Sites ............................................................................. 78

Vegetation and Wildlife Loss ................................................................................ 78

Employment Conflicts ........................................................................................... 79

Communicable Diseases ...................................................................................... 80

Loss of Access around Project Site ...................................................................... 80

Land Use and Aesthetics ...................................................................................... 80

Natural and Man made Hazards ........................................................................... 80

6.3 Operation Phase................................................................................................ 81

Air Quality ............................................................................................................. 82

Noise Levels ......................................................................................................... 83

Solid Waste disposal ............................................................................................ 83

Land Contamination ............................................................................................. 84

Socioeconomic ..................................................................................................... 84

6.4 Cumulative Impacts .......................................................................................... 84

6.5 Indirect and Induced Impacts ........................................................................... 85

7 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ............................... 86

7.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 86

7.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ......................................................... 86

7.3 Objectives of EMP ............................................................................................. 86

7.4 Environmental Management Framework ......................................................... 87

7.4.1 Roles of TMTD PIU and SMTA ................................................................... 87

7.4.2 Roles of CSC Consultants during Design/Construction .............................. 87

7.4.3 Role of the Contractor ................................................................................ 87

7.4.4 Role of Sindh EPA ...................................................................................... 89

7.5 Environmental Management/Monitoring and Reporting ................................ 89

7.6 Monitoring Parameters ..................................................................................... 89

7.7 Environmental Training .................................................................................... 89

Capacity Building and Training ............................................................................. 89

7.8 Further Additions & Updating of IEE study & EMP ......................................... 90

7.9 Environmental Management Costs .................................................................. 95

8 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure................................ 135

8.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 135

8.2 Objective of Consultations ............................................................................. 135

8.3 Identification of Main Stakeholders ............................................................... 136

8.4 Approach for Public Consultation ................................................................. 136

8.5 Consultations .................................................................................................. 137

8.6 Key Discussion points .................................................................................... 137

9 Grievance Redress Mechanism .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

9.1 General ............................................................................................................ 146

10 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................. 149

11 References ............................................................................................. 151

ANNEXURES

Annexure A Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

Annexure B NEQS Guidelines

Annexure C Photographs of Project Area Settings

Annexure D Photographs of Public Consultations

Annexure E List of Participants of Public Consultations

Annexure F Photographs of Ambient Air Quality and Noise

Monitoring

Annexure G Methodology for Air Quality and Noise Monitoring

Annexure H Results of Air Quality, Noise and Vibration Monitoring

Annexure I Traffic Management Plan

Annexure J Occupational Health and Safety Plan

Annexure K Emergency Response Plan

Annexure L Archaeological ‘Chance Find’ Procedure

Annexure M ToRs of Third Party Monitor

Annexure N Certifications of SUPARCO Laboratory

Annexure O Dust Management Plan

Annexure P Site Specific EMP (SSEMP) Guide & Template for

Guidance to Contractor

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Key Map of Proposed Project ................................................................... 4

Figure 3.1: Layout of Mezzanine Level of Staging Facility ....................................... 21

Figure 3.2: Layout of Ground Floor of Staging Facility ............................................. 22

Figure 3.3: Detailed Layout of Proposed Staging Facility ......................................... 23

Figure 4-1: Monthly Average Precipitation (mm) and Evapotranspiration (mm) at

Karachi Airport ......................................................................................................... 26

Figure 4-2: Minimum and maximum Precipitation (mm) and Evapotranspiration (mm)

at Karachi (2009-2018) ............................................................................................. 26

Figure 4-3: Monthly Averages for Mean, Maximum and Minimum Temperatures

(Deg-C) at Karachi Airport ........................................................................................ 27

Figure 4-4: minimum, maximum and average temperature of Karachi (2009-2018) 27

Figure 4-5 Average cloud and Humidity of Karachi (2009-2018) .............................. 28

Figure 4-6: maximum and average wind speed of Karachi (2009-2018) .................. 29

Figure 4-7: Annual Wind Rose for Karachi ............................................................... 30

Figure 4.8: Monitoring Location for Ambient Air Quality and Noise Levels ............... 32

Figure 4-9: Katchi Settlements Flooded and Dry ...................................................... 36

Figure 4-10: Geological Map of Karachi and Surrounding Area ............................... 38

Figure 4-11: Historical Reconstruction of Earthquakes in the Vicinity of Karachi and

Southern Pakistan .................................................................................................... 39

Figure 4-12: Generalized Schematic of Drainage Basins in Karachi Metropolitan

Area .......................................................................................................................... 41

Figure 4-13: Images of Flooding in Karachi .............................................................. 42

Figure 4-14: Administrative map of Karachi ............................................................. 48

Figure 4-14: Population Distribution by Area, Age and Sex. .................................... 48

Figure 6-1: Predominant Wind Direction & Expected Impact from Dust Emissions

from Construction Site .............................................................................................. 68

Figure 9.1: Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................... 148

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: Other National and Sindh Government Laws and Regulations ................. 8

Table 4-1: Humidity and Dew Point Temperature for Karachi .................................. 28

Table 4.2: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results (24 hrs) at Staging Facility Project Site

................................................................................................................................. 33

Table 4.3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (24 hrs) at Staging Facility

Proposed Location ................................................................................................... 35

Table 4.4: Comparison of ambient air quality results versus applicable Air Quality

standards ................................................................................................................. 35

Table 4-5: Birds of Karachi and Dow University Campuses (1996—2015) .............. 44

Table 4-6: Mammals and Reptiles Historically Present in the Area of Karachi District

................................................................................................................................. 45

Table 4-7: District-wise 2017 Population for Karachi Division .................................. 47

Table 4-8: Medical Facilities in Karachi .................................................................... 52

Table 4-9: Mortality Statistics of Karachi and Nationwide ......................................... 53

Table 6.1: Associated Facilities next to KGA ground to be impacted ....................... 57

Table 6.2: Screening of Possible Impacts during Construction Phase ..................... 60

Table 6.3: Control measures for Fugitive Dust emissions ........................................ 67

Table 6.4: Construction Equipment Noise Ranges, dB(A) ........................................ 71

Table 6.5: Summary of Possible Impacts during Operation Phase .......................... 81

Table 7.1: Pre-Construction Monitoring Requirements............................................. 91

Table 7.2: Construction Phase Monitoring Requirements ........................................ 92

Table 7.3: Operation Phase Monitoring Requirements............................................. 94

Table 7.4: Capacity Development and Training Programme .................................... 95

Table 7.5: Annual Cost Estimates for ‘Pre-Construction Phase’ Environmental Monitoring ................................................................................................................ 96

Table 7.6: Annual Cost Estimates for ‘Construction Phase’ Environmental Monitoring

................................................................................................................................. 96

Table 7.7: Annual Cost Estimates for ‘Operation Phase’ Environmental Monitoring 96

Table 7.8: Estimated Costs for EMP Implementation ............................................... 96

Table 7.9: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ................................... 98

Table 8.1: Summary of Public Consultations .......................................................... 139

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Project Overview

1. This IEE study has been prepared for development of a BRT vehicle staging facility

under the Karachi Goan Association (KGA) ground, adjacent to Numaish station. A

map of the project area is provided as Figure ES-1.

2. The KGA ground will be reconfigured to house an underground commercial area as

well as a staging facility for the BRT network. The total floor area of KGA mezzanine

level is 23,520 square meters.

3. As per the preliminary designs, the existing structures on the KGA ground will need to

be demolished during construction, the concept design proposes to reconstruct the

ground and its associated facilities on top of the Mezzanine floor at ground level. The

associated facilities possess a rich historical and cultural value since they are over

100 years old, although they are not listed as national and cultural heritage by the

Government of Sindh. However, during the detailed design phase, all efforts need to

be made to prevent demolition of the associated facilities of the KGA ground as far as

possible by considering all alternatives (technical and location related) and through

continuing of the stakeholder consultative process.

4. The staging facility is proposed to be constructed at the KGA ground which will be an

underground facility consisting of 2 floors having a basement or the underground level

which will be used for bus lanes, drivers sitting area, dispatch center and washrooms.

The Mezzanine level will be for the commuters and will have the ticketing booths,

waiting and commercial areas.

5. It will also provide ease of transfer of passengers from one line to the other and

include parking lots for the buses, maintenance of buses, offices, ticketing booth,

waiting areas and turnaround facility for the routes that terminate at Numaish.

6. As all BRT corridors converge at Numaish station, this location holds importance in

permitting customer interchange between routes. This area also holds importance as

a BRT vehicle staging facility for the following reasons:

▪ Since limited space is available along the M. A. Jinnah Road to hold BRT vehicles,

in order to cater the difference in demand between peak and off-peak periods,

Numaish is an ideal location to stage vehicles and thus optimize operations.

▪ A staging facility at Numaish shall ensure interoperability between all corridors by

ensuring physical and operational integration.

▪ A large number of BRT vehicles and people will pass through Numaish station;

this gives Numaish an additional significance for potential Transit-Oriented

Development (ToD).

7. Commercial activities within the system will not only enhance non-fare revenue, but

also provide a sense of security around the station area.

Project Need

8. The staging facility will help in optimizing and adjusting fleet operations as the

demand varies along the day. Additionally, it shall provide a turnaround facility for

routes that terminate at Numaish, and will thus reduce the dead mileage for

operations without passengers.

Study Methodology

9. Primary and secondary data has been collected and used to assess the

environmental impacts of the Project. Detailed baseline monitoring in the project area

to assess potential impacts on air quality and noise levels has been conducted and

presented in this study. This IEE report highlights all potential environmental impacts

associated with the Project and recommends mitigation measures. Any environmental

impacts associated with the project need to be properly mitigated, through the existing

institutional arrangements described in this report.

10. The significance of impacts from the proposed project were then assessed and for

those impacts requiring mitigation, suitable measures were proposed to reduce

impacts to within acceptable limits as per local and international applicable

regulations. A detailed environmental management and monitoring plan was

developed to ensure compliance to the proposed measures during the project

development.

Public Consultation Process

11. Detailed and extensive consultations with different key stakeholders have been

conducted to date, consisting of the KGA Ground management and the local

communities residing in close proximity to the proposed project site and their

comments/concerns/suggestions were obtained. Furthermore, representatives of the

relevant public sector agencies such as the Karachi Municipal Corporation were also

consulted. The details of the persons consulted are provided as Annexure E.

12. The key comments and concerns raised as a result of the consultations as part of the

scoping activity are as follows:

▪ Restoration of existing motorbike parking space along-with the cricket ground must

take place.

▪ There are some exposed and uninsulated electricity wires on the M.A Jinnah Road,

which should be insulated to avoid any mishap.

▪ The work activities going on at the adjacent Green Line works creates dust

emissions and the flats which are facing the M.A Jinnah Road and KGA Ground

are exposed to large volumes, particularly in windy conditions.

▪ Prior notice should be provided before commencement of works for the staging

facility.

▪ Dust and noise levels must be minimized through all possible measures. Sprinkling

must be conducted as much as possible so that huge clouds of dust do not reach

their residences.

▪ Expressed positive views about the staging facility with a major reason that the

existing conditions will be restored.

▪ He mentioned that it must be ensured by the Contractor that the existing route

being used for the Green Line works is used by the vehicles for the staging facility

development.

▪ Access of the residences around the KGA must be blocked any more than the

existing situation due to the Green line works.

▪ It was mentioned that work in the evening hours onwards must not be allowed or

must be restricted as far as possible to enable the residents to rest properly in the

evenings and night-time.

▪ Proper safety barricading must be installed around the work site since a deep pit

will be created due to excavation and the safety of the community, particularly its

children must be ensured.

▪ Water sprinkling and all other required measures must be implemented to minimize

dust emissions.

▪ It must be ensured that worker camps are not developed near our residences to

ensure our safety and proper sanitary facilities must be provided to them to ensure

they do not defecate openly.

▪ Contractor must conduct works in accordance with international best practices.

▪ Safety and convenience of the local communities must be kept a priority during the

project works.

Analysis of Alternatives

▪ It was hoped that some employment opportunities will be provided for the residents

for the proposed Staging facility development.

▪ It must be ensured that ground is restored as per existing situation to ensure the

aesthetics of the area are not adversely affected.

▪ A Contractor that has experience and reputation for timely completion of works

must be engaged to ensure the works are not delayed as is the case for the Green

Line.

13. The ‘No Project’ alternative was considered, which is not a viable option since the

development of the staging facility, to be part of the BRT system, will benefit millions

of people using public transport in Karachi city each day that would otherwise not

benefit from a sustainable, more efficient, more economical and safer transport

system and would continue to suffer congestion and traffic accident risks in the city.

14. Alternative Location Option: As all BRT corridors converge at Numaish station, this

location holds importance in permitting customer interchange between routes. This

area also holds importance as a BRT vehicle staging facility for the following reasons:

▪ Since limited space is available along the M. A. Jinnah road to hold BRT vehicles,







Development (ToD).

15. Due to the factors mentioned above, the KGA ground site was selected to be the

most suitable along with having the required land available to meet the Staging

facility requirements.

16. As mentioned above, in order to make efforts to prevent demolition of the

associated facilities located next to the KGA ground, during the detailed design

phase, all potential alternatives related to technical and location related aspects of

the proposed staging facility development will need to be reviewed and assessed.

Potential Major Impacts

Traffic Management

17. The traffic management plan shall be prepared by the Contractor and approved by the

GoS and ADB prior to commencement of the project construction activity. The main

objectives of the plan shall be to maximize the safety of the workforce and the

travelling public while keeping the traffic flowing as freely as possible.

Disruption to Utilities

18. The project will require demolishing and relocating some of the structures within the

ROW such as water supply pipes, drainage structures, power and communication

cables. Temporary suspension of services (planned or accidental) can affect the

economy, industries, businesses and residents’ daily lives.

19. All required mitigation measures shall be implemented such as planning of activities

through coordination with relevant line departments to minimize impacts on utilities at

work sites in the project area, advance notices to communities to enable them to

prepare for utility outages etc.

Ambient Monitoring (Air Quality & Noise Levels)

20. The EPA certified and well-reputed laboratory, SUPARCO, was engaged to conduct

ambient monitoring for air quality and noise levels at the project site.

Air Quality

21. The potential impacts on air quality have been assessed for both the construction and

operation phases of the project. The major impacts expected during the construction

phase of the project are due to dust emissions resulting from vehicular movement,

emissions from construction machinery, use of generators and construction vehicles.

These impacts will be mitigated through employing of best practices such as water

sprinkling, tuning and maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles, covering

of materials susceptible to dust formation during transportation etc.

22. Detailed air quality monitoring at the project site has been conducted and the results

have been presented in this IEE report. As can be observed, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10 are

already exceeding the permissible limits, which indicates that the airshed is already

quite degraded. Thus, all possible efforts will need to be made during the construction

phase through adoption of best practices to minimize any further worsening of the

pollutant concentrations in the airshed of the project area.

Construction Noise impacts

23. Based on the ambient monitoring, the noise levels have been observed to be

considerably exceeding the permissible levels. Thus, it will need to be ensured as part

of the mitigation measures that during the construction works, at no time must the

noise levels be permitted to exceed 3 dB from the ambient noise levels as per IFC

guidelines.

24. As measured, existing average noise levels at the project site during daytime is 76.3

dB, in accordance to the IFC guidelines, the noise limit will be 79.3 dB. Also, duration

of the anticipated noisy construction activities are expected to be short and during

daytime. Therefore, residences may not object to the noise.

Land Acquisition & Resettlement

25. No land acquisition and/or resettlement shall be required for the development of the

Staging facility.

Cumulative Impacts

26. The construction works for the BRT – Green Line are presently ongoing along the

entire western face of the proposed KGA ground. The ongoing activities consist of

major earthworks in order to develop the Numaish station and BRT corridor. However,

considering the progress and completion status of these existing activities, they will

have already been completed by the time the proposed Staging Facility related

construction works would commence. Thus, no Cumulative impacts are expected.

Indirect and Induced Impacts

27. The potential impact of development of the proposed Staging facility at the KGA

cricket ground location has been examined, which has indicated that the existing and

planned infrastructure such as water supply, wastewater collection and treatment,

municipal solid waste collection and disposal would be adequate to accommodate any

potential population intake as a result of the proposed project development. Impacts

on the environment from air emissions, traffic and community noise, and treated

effluent discharge have also been assessed and have found to be acceptable and

within the carrying capacities of the environmental media. Thus, negative indirect and

induced impacts from this project are not expected.

Institutional Arrangements

28. During the construction phase, the overall responsibility for the implementation and

monitoring of the EMP rests with the Project Director (PD). The PD through

assistance from the Supervision Consultant’s Environmental staff and the Environment team of TMTD, will supervise the implementation of the proposed

mitigation measures and monitor the implementation progress in the field. Monthly

environmental monitoring data/reports will be incorporated in the project

implementation progress reports to be shared with ADB and such monthly reports will

be consolidated into bi-annual monitoring reports and submitted to ADB for review

and clearance. Upon clearance, all such reports will be uploaded on the TMTD and

ADB websites.

Conclusion & Recommendations

29. An action plan with clear roles and responsibilities of stakeholders has been provided

in the report. The TMTD, Contractors and the Construction Supervision Consultant

are the major stakeholders responsible for the action plan. The action plan must be

implemented prior to commencement of construction work.

30. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring conducted during

construction and operation to ensure that all measures in the EMP are implemented

and to determine whether the environment is protected as intended. This will include

observations on and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and

beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported. The engaging

of external environmental monitoring consultants for ensuring efficient and effective

implementation of the mitigation measures is also under consideration.

31. Therefore, the proposed Staging Facility development is likely to cause certain

significant adverse impacts, mostly during the construction phase, that shall be

mitigated through necessary measures. The potential adverse impacts that are

associated with design, construction, and operation can be mitigated to standard

levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or

application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the

findings of this IEE study, the classification of the Project as Category ‘A’ is confirmed.

It is concluded that the proposed project should proceed, with appropriate mitigation

measures and monitoring programs identified in the IEE.

32. As a result of this IEE study, it has been determined that any adverse or harmful

impacts shall be effectively mitigated through implementation of necessary measures

and through regular monitoring. The project falls under the Category ‘B’ of ADB's Guidelines and thus an IEE has been prepared for the proposed project.

Figure ES-1: Project Area Map

Introduction 1 | P a g e

1 Introduction

1.1 Project Background

33. The proposed Staging facility will be developed as part of the BRT network being

developed in Karachi city. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) will be financing the

development of the BRT – Red Line, the 2.4 km Common Corridor along M.A Jinnah

Road (Municipal Park to Tower) and this proposed Staging Facility, located opposite

Numaish station.

34. The KGA ground will be reconfigured to house an underground commercial area as

well as a staging facility for the BRT network. The total floor area of KGA mezzanine

level is 23,520 square meters.









▪ A large number of BRT vehicles and people will pass through Numaish station; this

gives Numaish an additional significance for potential Transit-Oriented

Development (ToD).



37. This IEE study report presents the screening of potential environmental impacts of the

proposed project and contains the mitigation measures in order to eliminate or reduce

the negative impacts to an acceptable level, describes the institutional requirements

and provides an environmental management plan.

The project area map of the proposed project is provided as Figure 1.1 below.

1.2 Project Objective

38. The development of the Staging facility will help in optimizing and adjusting fleet

operations as the demand varies along the day. Additionally, it shall provide a

turnaround facility for routes that terminate at Numaish, and will thus reduce the dead

mileage for operations without passengers.


1.3 Environmental Category of the Project

39. According to ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009, a Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist was prepared (Annexure-A). The Pakistan

Environmental Protection Agency’s “Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of

Environmental Reports (2000)” were also consulted. Based on the initial findings, it

was ascertained that limited adverse environmental impacts are expected due to

development of the proposed Staging Facility and thus it has been classified as

Category ‘B’ from environmental safeguards perspective. Thus, this IEE study has

been prepared.

1.4 Methodology of IEE Study

The following methodology was employed for this IEE study:

40. Available secondary data was reviewed from the existing EIA report for the Main Red

Line, the finalized PC-1 document, EIA report for the Green Line and any other

documents that were found to be relevant to the environmental assessment of this

proposed Staging Facility.

41. Field visits were undertaken consisting of preliminary scoping through surveys and

assessment activities along with primary data collection such as ambient monitoring

(air quality and noise levels) and stakeholder consultations to establish the potential

impacts and categorization of activities and the Rapid Environmental Assessment

(REA) was completed. The key receptors and stakeholders within the project area

were identified.

42. Detailed and extensive stakeholder consultations have been conducted with key

stakeholders such as KGA ground management, local businesses, government and

local government bodies etc. in line with the national and ADB requirements.

43. The significance of impacts from the proposed project were then assessed and for

those impacts requiring mitigation, suitable measures were proposed to reduce

impacts to within acceptable limits as per local and international applicable

regulations.

44. A detailed environmental management and monitoring plan was developed to ensure

compliance to the proposed measures during the project development.

1.5 Proponent of Project

45. The Transport and Mass Transit Department (TMTD), Government of Sindh (GoS) is

the proponent of the Project and all planning and execution activities will be

accomplished through a designated Project Director (PD).

1.6 Structure of the Report

46. The IEE report contains eleven chapters as follows:

▪ Introduction

▪ Policy and Legal Framework

▪ Description of the Project

▪ Description of Environment

▪ Analysis of Alternatives

▪ Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

▪ Institutional Requirements Environmental Management Plan

▪ Public Consultation

▪ Grievance Redress Mechanism

▪ Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions

▪ References

1.7 Further Additions & Updating of IEE study

47. This version of the report shall be further updated once the detailed design is

completed and any other details of the proposed staging facility become available

over the coming weeks and months. These revisions shall be incorporated into any

subsequent updated versions of this IEE report.


Figure 1.1: Key Map of Proposed Project

Policy and Legal Framework 5 | P a g e

2 Policy and Legal Framework

2.1 General

48. This section provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation

that applies to the proposed project. The project is expected to comply with all

national legislation relating to the environment in Pakistan, and to obtain all the

regulatory clearances required.

2.2 National Policy and Legal Framework

49. The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) that was approved by the

federal cabinet in March 1992 is the principal policy document on environmental

issues in the country (EUAD/IUCN, 1992). The NCS outlines the country's primary

approach towards encouraging sustainable development, conserving natural

resources, and improving efficiency in the use and management of resources. The

NCS has 68 specific programs in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is

considered crucial for the preservation of Pakistan's natural and physical

environment. The core areas that are relevant in the context of the proposed project

are pollution prevention and abatement and increasing energy efficiency while

conserving biodiversity.

50. Prior to the adoption of the 18th Constitutional Amendment, the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 was the governing law for environmental

conservation in the country. Under PEPA 1997, the Pakistan Environmental

Protection Council (PEPC) and Pak EPA were primarily responsible for administering

PEPA 1997. Post the adoption of the 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2011, the

subject of environment was devolved and the provinces have been empowered for

environmental protection and conservation.

2.3 Regulations for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA

51. Under Section 12 (and subsequent amendment) of the PEPA (1997), a project falling

under any category specified in Schedule I of the IEE/EIA Regulations (SRO 339

(I0/2000), requires the proponent of the project to file an IEE with the concerned

provincial EPA. Projects falling under any category specified in Schedule II require

the proponent to file an EIA with the provincial agency, which is responsible for its

review and accordance of approval or request any additional information deemed

necessary.

2.4 Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014

52. The following articles of the SEPA 2014 have a direct bearing on the proposed

Project:

53. Article 11(1): ‘Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations

therein, no person shall discharge or emit or allow the discharge or emission of any

effluent, waste, pollutant, noise or any other matter that may cause or likely cause


pollution or adverse environmental effects, as defined in Section 2 of this Act, in an

amount, concentration or level which is in excess to that specified in Sindh

Environmental Quality Standards.

54. Article 11(2): ‘All persons, in industrial or commercial or other operations, shall

ensure compliance with the Environmental Quality Standards for ambient air, drinking

water, noise or any other Standards established under section 6(1)(g)(i); shall

maintain monitoring records for such compliances; shall make available these

records to the authorized person for inspection; and shall report or communicate the

record to the Agency as required under any directions issued, notified or required

under any rules and regulations.

55. Section 11(3): Monitoring and analysis under sub-section (1) and (2), shall be

acceptable only when carried out by the Environmental Laboratory certified by the

Agency as prescribed in the rules. All stipulated tests will be regularly performed from

designated laboratories approved by Sindh EPA.

56. Article 14 (1): ‘Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations, no

person shall cause any act, deed or any activity’, including; (b) disposal of solid and hazardous wastes at unauthorized places as prescribed; (c) dumping of wastes or

hazardous substances into coastal waters and inland water bodies; and (d) release

of emissions or discharges from industrial or commercial operations as prescribed.

57. Article 15 (1): ‘Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall operate or

manufacture a motor vehicle or class of vehicles from which air pollutants or noise

are being emitted in an amount, concentration or level which is in excess of the Sindh

Environmental Quality Standards or, where applicable, the standards established

under sub-clause (i) of clause (g) of sub-section (1) of section 6’.

58. Article 17(1): ‘No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation

unless he has filed with the Agency an initial environmental examination or

environmental impact assessment, and has obtained from the Agency approval in

respect thereof.

59. Article 17(2): The agency shall; o a) review the initial environmental examination and

accord its approval, subject to such terms and conditions as it may prescribe, or

require submission of an environmental impact assessment by the proponent; or o

(b) review the environmental impact assessment and accord its approval subject to

such terms and conditions as it may deem fit to impose or require that the

environmental impact assessment be re-submitted after such modifications as may

be stipulated or decline approval of the environmental impact assessment as being

contrary to environmental objectives.

60. Article 17(3): ‘Every review of an environment impact assessment shall be carried

out with public participation and, subject to the provisions of this Act, after full

disclosure of the particulars of the project’.


61. Article 17(4): ‘The Agency shall communicate its approval or otherwise within a period of two months from the date that the initial environmental examination is filed,

and within a period of four months from the date that the environmental impact

assessment is filed complete in all respects in accordance with the regulations, failing

which the initial environmental examination or, as the case may be, the

environmental impact assessment shall be deemed to have been approved, to the

extent to which it does not contravene the provisions of this Act and the rules and

regulations’.

62. Article 20(1): ‘The Agency shall from time to time require the person in charge of a

project to furnish, within such period as may be specified, an environmental audit or

environmental review report or environmental management plan containing a

comprehensive appraisal of the environmental aspects of the project’.

63. Article 20(2): The report of a project prepared under sub-section (1) shall include: (a)

analysis of the predicted qualitative and quantitative impact of the project as

compared to the actual impact; (b) evaluation of the efficacy of the preventive,

mitigation and compensatory measures taken with respect to the project; and (c)

Recommendations for further minimizing or mitigating the adverse environmental

impact of the project.

64. Article 20(3): ‘Based on its review of the environmental audit report, the Agency

may, after giving the person in charge of the project an opportunity of being heard,

direct that specified mitigation and compensatory measures be adopted within a

specified time period and may also, where necessary, modify the approval granted

by it under section 17’.

65. Section 31(1): The Agency shall cause relevant details of any proposed project

regarding which an Environmental Impact Assessment has been received to be

published, along with an invitation to the public to furnish their comments thereon

within a specified period. (2) In accordance with such procedure as may be

prescribed, the Agency shall hold public hearings to receive additional comments and

hear oral submissions. (3) All comments received under sub-sections (1) and (2)

shall be duly considered by the Agency while reviewing the environmental impact

assessment or strategic impact assessment, and decision or action taken thereon

shall be communicated to the persons who have furnished the said comments.

2.5 Other National and Sindh Government Laws and Regulations

66. The national laws and regulations are provided in Table 2.1 below.


Table 2.1: Other National and Sindh Government Laws and Regulations

National and Provincial

Legislation

Brief Description

Sindh Factories Act 2015 The Sindh Factories Act 2015 deals with regulations related to project area, workers and workplace Environment Health and Safety (EH&S) requirements. The Factories Act also provides regulations for handling and disposal of toxic and hazardous materials. As construction activity is classified as ‘industry’, these regulations will be applicable to the project & construction contractors’ scope of work also.

The Protection against Harassment of women at the work place Act 2010

It shall be the responsibility of the employer to ensure implementation of this Act, including but not limited to incorporate the Code of Conduct for protection against harassment at the workplace as a part of their management policy and to form Inquiry Committee referred to in section 3 and designate a competent authority referred to in section 4 of this act.

Employment of Child Act 1991 Article 11(3) of the Constitution of Pakistan prohibits employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mines or any other hazardous employment. In accordance with this Article, the Employment of Child Act (ECA) 1991 disallows the child labour in the country. The ECA defines a child to mean a person who has not completed his/her fourteenth year of age. The ECA states that no child shall be employed or permitted to work in any of the occupation set forth in the ECA (such as transport sector, railways, construction, and ports) or in any workshop wherein any of the processes defined in the Act is carried out. The contractor will be bound by this Act to disallow any child labour at the project sites or campsites.

Bonded labor system

(Abolition) Act 1992

On the commencement of this act, the bonded labor system shall stand abolished and every bonded labourer shall stand freed and discharged from any obligations to render any bonded labor.

Sindh Cultural Heritage Act

1994

This provincial Act empowers the Government of Sindh to preserve and protect any premises or objects of archaeological, architectural, historical, cultural, or national interest in Sindh by declaring them protected.

Antiquity act 1975 The Antiquities Act relates to the protection, preservation and conservation of archaeological/historical sites and monuments.

The Sindh Minimum Wages

Act, 2015

To provide for the regulation of minimum rates of wages and various allowances for different categories of workers employed in certain industrial and commercial undertakings and establishments.

Workmen’s compensation 1923 The liability of an employer is confined to payment of compensation to a “workman” and then only in respect of an injury caused by “accident arising out of and in the course of his employment”. The liability of employer is limited by ceiling fixed in Schedule to the Act.


Land Acquisition Act, 1894 This Legislation relates to land acquisition and compensation. The LAA 1894 is, however, is limited to a cash compensation policy for the acquisition of land and built-up property and damage to other owned assets, such as crops, trees and infrastructure. The LAA does not consider the rehabilitation and resettlement of disrupted populations and the restoration of their livelihoods.

The Pollution Charge for

Industries (calculation and

Collection) Rules 2001

Related to methods for evaluation and collection of fee for not meeting environmental standards.

The Sindh Forest Act 2012 The law requires review and revision to meet the challenges of management and empower the forest managers to carryout management interventions with full legal support. The new legal instrument should amply address the provision and requirements of UNFCCC, CBD and Convention on Combating Desertification. Legal aspects of carbon sequestration and carbon credit marketing should also be kept in view.

The Cutting of Trees

(prohibition) Act, 1992

It mandates that no person shall, without prior written approval from authorized officer shall cut, fell or damage trees growing in: First Zone (Area adjacent to and beyond the external frontier of Pakistan to a line at four kilometers measured from the external frontiers of Pakistan) if the number of remaining trees in any field falls short of the number to be calculated at the rate of fifteen trees per acre; and Second Zone (Area adjacent to and beyond the first one extending towards Pakistan to a line at four kilometers measured from the first zone) if the number of remaining trees in any field falls short of the number to be calculated at the rate of ten trees per acre.

Sindh Wildlife Protection

Ordinance, 1972 (SWPO)

This ordinance provides for the preservation, protection and conservation of wildlife by the formation and management of protected areas and prohibition of hunting of wildlife species declared protected under the ordinance. The ordinance also specifies three broad classifications of the protected areas; national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves. Activities such as hunting and breaking of land for mining are prohibited in national parks, as are removing vegetation or polluting water flowing through the park. Wildlife sanctuaries are areas that have been set aside as undisturbed breeding grounds and cultivation and grazing is prohibited in the demarked areas. Nobody is allowed to reside in a wildlife sanctuary and entrance for the general public is by special dispensation. However, these restrictions may be relaxed for scientific purpose or betterment of the respective area on the discretion of the governing authority in exceptional circumstances. Game reserves are designated as areas where hunting and shooting is not allowed except under special permits.


Hazardous Substance Rule,

2014

These Rules were notified to streamline procedures for issuance of licenses to industries / businesses that generate hazardous waste, safety precautions for workers and devices them methods for the removal of hazardous wastes in an environmentally friendly manner. The rules also specify procedures to be adopted for import, transport and disposal of hazardous waste; and identify two hundred and forty-three hazardous substances and synthetic chemicals. The rules also specify the requirement of obtaining license from Sindh EPA for the import, transport, storage and disposal of hazardous substances as specified in the rules

2.6 Regulatory Clearances, Sindh EPA

67. In accordance with provincial regulatory requirements, an IEE/EIA satisfying the

requirements of the Sindh Environmental Protection Act (2014) is to be submitted to

Sindh environmental protection agency (SEPA) for review and approval, and

subsequent issuance of NOC before the commencement of construction.

2.7 Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA

68. The Pak-EPA has published a set of environmental guidelines for conducting

environmental assessments and the environmental management of different types of

development projects. The guidelines that are relevant to the proposed project are

listed below:

▪ Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan,

EPA1997;

▪ Guidelines for Public Consultations; Pakistan EPA May 1997;

2.8 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 2000

69. The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 2000, specify the following

standards:

▪ Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and

liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment facilities,

and the sea (three separate sets of numbers);

▪ Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous

emissions from industrial sources;

▪ Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (two parameters) in gaseous

emissions from vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles;

▪ Maximum allowable noise levels from vehicles;


70. These standards apply to the gaseous emissions and liquid effluents discharged by

batching plants, campsites and construction machinery. The standards for vehicles

will apply during the construction as well as operation phase of the project. Standards

for ambient air quality have also been prescribed.

2.9 Interaction with Other Agencies

71. The Transport & Mass Transit Department (TMTD), GoS is responsible for ensuring

that the project complies with the laws and regulations controlling the environmental

concerns of the Staging facility construction and operation and that all

preconstruction requisites, such as permits and clearances are met.

2.10 Provincial EPAs

72. TMTD will be responsible for providing the complete environmental documentation

required by the SEPA and remain committed to the approved project design. No

deviation is permitted during project implementation without prior and explicit

permission of the SEPA.

2.11 Provincial Departments of Forests and Wildlife

73. No uprooting or clearing of trees is expected for the proposed project. However, any

removed trees or vegetation under private ownership will be compensated as per

provision that in case of disruption to vegetation or trees, the project contractor will

be responsible for acquiring a 'No-Objection Certificate' (NOC) from the concerned

forest department. The application for an NOC will need to be endorsed by the

TMTD.

2.12 Provincial Governments

74. The TMTD and its contractors must ensure that the project meets the criteria of

provincial/district governments as related to the establishment of construction camps

and plants, and the safe disposal of wastewater, solid waste, and toxic materials.

TMTD will coordinate and monitor environment related issues.

2.13 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009

75. The ADB’s SPS 2009 requires that environmental considerations be incorporated

into ADB funded projects to ensure that the project will have minimal environmental

impacts and be environmentally sound. Occupational health & safety of the local

population should also be addressed as well as the project workers as stated in SPS.

A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to receive application and facilitate

resolution of affected peoples’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the

project’s environmental performance is also established.

76. All loans and investments are subject to categorization to determine environmental

assessment requirements. Categorization is to be undertaken using Rapid

Environmental Assessment (REA) checklists, consisting of questions relating to (i)

the sensitivity and vulnerability of environmental resources in project area, and (ii) the


potential for the project to cause significant adverse environmental impacts. Projects

are classified into one of the following environmental categories:

Category A: A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have

significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or

unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities

subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required.

Category B: A proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse

environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These

impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases

mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An

initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

Category C: A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have

minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is

required although environmental implications need to be reviewed.

Category FI: A proposed project is classified as category FI if it involves investment

of ADB funds to or through a financial intermediary (FI).

2.14 ADB’s Access to Information Policy (AIP) 2018

77. ADB’s new Access to Information Policy (AIP), reflects the ADB’s ongoing commitment to transparency, accountability, and participation by stakeholders. The

policy contains principles and exceptions to information sharing with external

stakeholders, led by a new overarching principle of “clear, timely, and appropriate disclosure.”

2.15 ADB’s Accountability Mechanism Policy 2012

78. The objectives of the Accountability Mechanism is providing an independent and

effective forum for people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects to voice their

concerns and seek solutions to their problems, and to request compliance review of

the alleged noncompliance by ADB with its operational policies and procedures that

may have caused, or is likely to cause, them direct and material harm. The

Accountability Mechanism is a “last resort” mechanism.

2.16 Implications of ADB’s safeguard policies on proposed project

79. The objectives of ADB’s safeguards are to:

▪ avoid adverse impacts of projects on the environment and affected people, where

possible;

▪ minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for adverse project impacts on the

environment and affected people when avoidance is not possible; and

▪ help borrowers/clients to strengthen their safeguard systems.


80. ADB’s SPS sets out the policy objectives, scope and triggers, and principles for three

key safeguard areas:

▪ environmental safeguards,

▪ involuntary resettlement safeguards, and

▪ Indigenous Peoples safeguards.

81. The objective of the environmental safeguards is to ensure the environmental

soundness and sustainability of projects and to support the integration of

environmental considerations into the project decision-making process. ADB’s policy principles are summarized in Table 2.2 below.

Table 2.2: ADB Policy Principles

Policy principle Summary

1 Screening and

categorization

Screening process initiated early to determine the

appropriate extent and type of environmental

assessment.

2 Environmental

assessment

Conduct an environmental assessment to identify

potential impacts and risks in the context of the

project’s area of influence.

3 Alternatives Examine alternatives to the project’s location, design, technology, and components and their potential

environmental and social impacts, including no

project alternative.

4 Impact mitigation Avoid, and where avoidance is not possible,

minimize, mitigate, and/or offset adverse impacts and

enhance positive impacts. Prepare an environmental

management plan (EMP).

5 Public consultations Carry out meaningful consultation with affected

people and facilitate their informed participation.

Involve stakeholders early in the project preparation

process and ensure that their views and concerns are

made known to and understood by decision makers

and taken into account. Continue consultations with

stakeholders throughout project implementation.

Establish a grievance redress mechanism.

6 Disclosure of

environmental

Disclose a draft environmental assessment in a

timely manner, in an accessible place and in a form

and language(s) understandable to stakeholders.


assessment Disclose the final environmental assessment to

stakeholders.

7 Environmental

management plan

Implement the EMP and monitor its effectiveness.

Document monitoring results, and disclose

monitoring reports.

8 Biodiversity Do not implement project activities in areas of critical

habitats.

9 Pollution prevention Apply pollution prevention and control technologies

and practices consistent with international good

practices. Adopt cleaner production processes and

good energy efficiency practices. Avoid pollution, or,

when avoidance is not possible, minimize or control

the intensity or load of pollutant emissions and

discharges. Avoid the use of hazardous materials

subject to international bans or phaseouts.

10 Occupational health and

safety

Community safety.

Provide workers with safe and healthy working

conditions and prevent accidents, injuries, and

disease. Establish preventive and emergency

preparedness and response measures to avoid, and

where avoidance is not possible, to minimize,

adverse impacts and risks to the health and safety of

local communities

11 Physical cultural

resources

Conserve physical cultural resources and avoid

destroying or damaging them. Provide for the use of

“chance find” procedures.

2.17 Comparison of International and Local Environmental Legislations

82. The ADB SPS requires application of pollution prevention and control technologies

and practices consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally

recognized standards. The SPS states that when host country regulations differ from

these standards, the EA will achieve whichever is more stringent.

83. In order to select the most stringent standards applicable, a mix of local (NEQS) and

international (IFC) regulations have been selected. The IFC Environmental, Health,

and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines: Environmental, Noise

Management has noise level guidelines for daytime and nighttime, which are

applicable. Considering the high baseline noise levels in the project area, it shall be

ensured that the increase in noise levels is minimized as far as possible. Also, project

related noise levels in the project area are not allowed to increase the existing levels


by 3 dB or more. Furthermore, it shall be ensured that all necessary noise mitigation

measures are implemented to minimize the noise levels in the project area.

84. The Table 2.3 presents IFC workplace noise standards that are applicable to the

construction workers. It should also be noted that IFC EHS guidelines advise that

where existing ambient noise levels already exceed thresholds, the Project should not

result in an increase of more than 3 dB over existing ambient noise at the nearest

receptor location off-site.

85. Since measured existing background noise levels along the project alignment in

average are 85 dB during the daytime and 79 dB during the nighttime, per IFC

guidelines, noise limits could be set at 3 dB above these existing background levels.

Therefore, average hourly daytime limit could be 88 dB and nighttime limit could be 82

dB.

86. A comparison of applicable local and international guidelines for ambient air quality

has been provided in Table 2.4 below. In the case of most pollutants, the NEQS

standards for ambient air quality are more stringent in comparison to USEPA and

WHO/IFC standards. The applicable and most stringent parameters for each

respective pollutant are highlighted in green.

87. Similar to the standards for air quality, the comparison of noise standards provided in

Table 2.5 clearly shows that NEQS standards for noise are more stringent in

comparison to the IFC standards. The only exception is the daytime noise level

standard for Industrial areas where the IFC standard is more stringent (70 dB(A)) in

comparison to NEQS (75 dB(A)) and so for this particular parameter, the IFC standard

will be used. Apart from this one exception, the NEQS standards have been used for

the proposed BRT project.

88. As far as regulations regarding other environmental parameters are concerned such

as acceptable effluent disposal parameters, the local regulations i.e. NEQS take

precedence over any other international regulations such as IFC.

Table 2.3: IFC Work Environment Noise limits

Type of Work, workplace IFC General EHS Guidelines

Heavy Industry (no demand for oral communication) 85 Equivalent level Leq,8h

Light industry (decreasing demand for oral communication)

50-65 Equivalent level Leq,8h


Table 2.4: Comparison of International and local Air Quality Standards*

Pollutants

USEPA WHO/IFC Pak. NEQS

Avg. Time Standard Avg. Time Standard Avg. Time Standard

SO2

3 hrs

1 hr

0.5 ppm

75 ppb

24 hr

10 min

20 ug/m3

500 ug/m3

Annual Mean

24 hrs

80 ug/m3

120 ug/m3

CO

8 hrs

1 hr

9 ppm (11

mg/m3)

35 ppm (43

mg/m3)

- -

8 hrs

1 hr

5 mg/m3

10 mg/m3

NO2

Annual

Mean

1 hr

100 ug/m3 (53

ppb)

100 ppb

1 yr

1 hr

40 ug/m3

200 ug/m3

Annual Mean

24 hrs

40 ug/m3

80 ug/m3

O3 8 hrs 0.07ppm (148

ug/m3)

8 hrs

100 ug/m3

1 hr

130 ug/m3

TSP - - - -

Annual Mean

24 hrs

360 ug/m3

500 ug/m3

PM10 24 hrs 150 ug/m3 1 yr 20 ug/m3 Annual Mean 120 ug/m3


*: The standards highlighted in green for each respective pollutant are the most stringent based on a comparison between local and international

regulations and thus shall be applicable for the proposed project.

* In instances where the airshed is significantly degraded and the pollutant levels are already exceeding the ambient pollutant concentrations provided in the table

above, it shall be ensured that the project activities cause as small an increase in pollution levels as feasible, and amounts to a fraction of the applicable short term and

annual average air quality guidelines or standards as established in the project specific environmental assessment.

24 hr 50 ug/m3 24 hrs 150 ug/m3

PM2.5

Annual

Mean

24 hrs

15 ug/m3

35 ug/m3

1 yr

24 hr

10 ug/m3

25 ug/m3

Annual Average

24 hrs

1 hr

15 ug/m3

35 ug/m3

15 ug/m3


Table 2.5: Comparison of International and Local Noise Standards

*: The standards highlighted in green for each respective Area/Zone are the most stringent based on a comparison between local and international regulations and thus shall be

applicable for the proposed project.

* In instances where baseline noise levels are already exceeding the standards above, it will need to be ensured that the project activities do not cause an increment of more than 3

dB(A) from the baseline noise levels.

Category of Area/Zone

Limit in dB(A) Leq

NEQS WHO/IFC

Day Time

06:00 – 22:00

Night Time

22:00-06:00

Day Time

07:00 – 22:00

Night Time

22:00-07:00

Residential area (A) 55 45 55 45

Commercial area (B) 65 55 70 70

Industrial area (C) 75 65 70 70

Silence zone (D) 50 45 55 45

Description of the Project 19 | P a g e

3 Description of the Project

3.1 Project Overview

89. The development of a BRT vehicle staging facility under the Karachi Goan

Association (KGA) ground, adjacent to Numaish station is being considered with the

layouts of the proposed facility provided as Figures 3.1 to 3.3 below. The KGA

ground will be reconfigured to house an underground commercial area as well as a

staging facility for the BRT network. The total floor area of KGA mezzanine level is

23,520 square meters.

90. The existing structures on the KGA ground will need to be demolished during

construction, the concept design proposes to reconstruct the ground and its

associated facilities on top of the Mezzanine floor at ground level.

91. The staging facility is proposed to be constructed at the KGA ground, which will be an

underground facility consisting of 2 floors having a basement or the underground level

which will be used for bus lanes, drivers sitting area, dispatch center and washrooms.

The Mezzanine level will be for the commuters and will have the ticketing booths,

waiting and commercial areas.

92. It will also provide ease of transfer of passengers from one line to the other and

include parking lots for the buses, maintenance of buses, offices, ticketing booth,

waiting areas and turnaround facility for the routes that terminate at Numaish.











Development (ToD).



Project Need






3.2 Justification and Need for Project





97. It is important to mention that the Staging Facility shall be a part of the overall Karachi

BRT system, which will deliver a sustainable urban transport system that focuses on

accessibility and people's mobility needs. The BRT system will aim to organize urban

growth and public space along the BRT corridors through integration of land-use and

transport planning, improving quality of life, and providing a holistic solution for

integrated urban mobility. The purpose of this project is to develop a sustainable

urban transport system that delivers fast, affordable, comfortable, safe, and secure

services to all.

3.3 Project Construction Schedule

98. The project construction phase is expected to last for a total of 12 months with the

activity expected to commence in the third quarter of 2019 and completed by the third

quarter of 2020.

3.4 Construction Camps and Work Force

99. The construction activity is expected to span over approximately twelve months.

There shall be a number of contracts for a variety of works. The selected Contractor

shall have the option to select suitable site(s) located near the project site to establish

his labor camps.

100. The work bases shall be setup by the contractor in consultation with the engineering

teams. Essential for the work bases is easy approach, availability of a suitable place

for temporary storage of material and availability of water for construction in the

vicinity. Presence of shade from trees close to the work bases can add to the comfort

of the labor while taking rest during the hot season.

101. The location of storage materials and camps will be critical. Since the project

contractor(s) will be responsible for identifying the suitable locations for storage and

labor camps from the private sector, thus there will need to be clear guidelines for this

process, which will need to be closely monitored by the implementing agency. As far

as possible, the project design team shall be assigned the task to identify the suitable

location(s) for storage of materials since inappropriate storage of materials may result

disruption of the traffic movement.


Figure 3.1: Layout of Mezzanine Level of Staging Facility


Figure 3.2: Layout of Ground Floor of Staging Facility


Figure 3.3: Detailed Layout of Proposed Staging Facility


3.5 Machinery Requirement

102. For storing materials, stocking equipment and parking machinery and vehicles, the

Contractor shall require open and accessible sites close to the labor camps. The

Contractor, at his own expense, but keeping in view his contractual obligations to

honor the NEQS regarding level of pollution, shall make the arrangements.

Description of Environment (25)24 July 2019

4 Description of Environment

4.1 General

103. The description of various features of the project area environment including the

physical, ecological, cultural and socio-economic environmental aspects are

presented in the following sub-sections.

4.2 Physical Resources

4.2.1 Meteorological Parameters

104. Karachi is located just above the tropical zone on the coast of the Arabian Sea at

24.9 N latitude and 67.13 E longitude at about 20 m ASL (airport weather station). It is

classified as BWh (arid/desert/hot) under the Köppen system. According to Budyko’s criteria, Karachi is characterized by the following parameters:

▪ Radiation index of Dryness: 7.54

▪ Budyko Evaporation 211 mm/year

▪ Budyko Runoff 1 mm/year

▪ Budyko Evaporation 99.5 %

▪ Budyko Runoff 0.5 %

105. The best estimate of annual rainfall is 212 mm. Net moisture allowance follows the

pattern shown in the Figure 4-1 below and as can be seen, precipitation is exceeded

by evapotranspiration for every month (arid/desert), hence, it is only during heavy

rains that Karachi experiences runoff. Note that these values as well as other data in

this section are long term averages compiled by the FAO and available through its

“Climate Estimator”1. No particular year is represented in Figure 4-1 below. On the

other hand, Figure 4-2 depicts the last 9 years maximum and minimum precipitation

at Karachi.

1 The FAO Climate Estimator is a software program and database that provides estimates of average climatic conditions at

locations throughout the world. The program can be used to create climatic maps and extract data in various formats for further processing, available at http://www.fao.org/nr/climpag/pub/en3_051002_en.asp.

Description of Environment 26 | P a g e

Figure 4-1: Monthly Average Precipitation (mm) and Evapotranspiration (mm) at Karachi Airport

Figure 4-2: Minimum and maximum Precipitation (mm) and Evapotranspiration (mm) at Karachi (2009-2018)

Source: Pakistan Metrological Department

106. The temperature ranges are shown in Figure 4-3 below. Cool weather can prevail

during the night from November through March; however, daytime temperatures are

generally hot. Temperatures may reach 40°C during May (considered the hottest

month), and extreme temperatures of greater than 45°C are not uncommon. No

0 days

25 days

50 days

75 days

100 days


particular year is represented in Figure 4-3 below. On the other hand, the Figure 4-4

depicts the last 9 years maximum, minimum and average temperature of Karachi.

Figure 4-3: Monthly Averages for Mean, Maximum and Minimum Temperatures (Deg-C) at Karachi Airport

Figure 4-4: minimum, maximum and average temperature of Karachi (2009-2018)


107. Despite arid conditions, humidity is relatively high throughout the year. The average

annual relative humidity is 75.9% and average monthly relative humidity ranges from


60% in December to 85% in August (Table 4-1). The Figure 4-5 depicts the last 9 years

average cloud and humidity of Karachi.

Table 4-1: Humidity and Dew Point Temperature for Karachi

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Aver

Relative Humidity (%) 61 70 77 79 83 83 83 85 84 79 67 60 75.9

Average Dew Point

Temperature °C ( °F)

12.2

(53.9)

15.4

(59.8)

20.2

(68.4)

23.2

(73.8)

26

(78.8)

27.5

(81.5)

26.6

(79.9)

25.7

(78.3)

25

(77.1)

23.5

(74.4)

18.6

(65.6)

13.4

(56.1)

21.5

(70.6)

InterpretationComfor

table

Comfor

tableHumid

Very

humid

Severely

high

Severely

high

Severely

highM uggy M uggy

Very

humidHumid

Comfor

table

Very

humid

Figure 4-5 Average cloud and Humidity of Karachi (2009-2018)


108. Karachi weather is considered pleasant by some due to its breeze from the sea. The

wind speed has highest velocities during the summer months, when the direction is

south-west to west. The last nine years’ maximum and average wind speeds are

given in Figure 4-6 and the Onshore winds from the Arabian Sea contribute to humid

conditions, with winds from the west-southwest and southwest being 57% of the time

and are depicted in the wind rose in

109.

110.


111. Figure 4-7 below.

Figure 4-6: maximum and average wind speed of Karachi (2009-2018)



Figure 4-7: Annual Wind Rose for Karachi

4.2.2 Air Quality

112. The main sources of air pollution in Karachi include motor vehicles, uncontrolled

waste burning, and industry, including metal working shops, chemical and

engineering works, an oil refinery, railroad yards, jute and textile factories, printing

and publishing plants, and food processing plants. Re-suspended dust, and small

scale unlicensed businesses using ‘dirty fuels’ for manufacturing and production purposes are also contributors.

113. Air pollutant emissions are directly related to fuel consumption. Pakistan’s consumption of petroleum products is growing at 6 per cent annually, of which one-

half is consumed by the transport sector. The high content of sulphur in diesel (0.5-1

%) and furnace oil (1-3.5 %) is a major contributor to air pollution. Energy from waste

fuels such as waste paper, wood and textile waste contribute a disproportionate load.

Industrial emissions are further compounded by the widespread use of small diesel

generators in commercial and residential areas in response to the poor reliability of

electricity supplies. (Hashmi, et.al 2005)

114. Air pollution from vehicles is severe, with high concentrations gaseous emissions,

and fine particulate that cause respiratory problems for an exposed population. The

number of diesel trucks and buses has increased. A major share of the emission load

from motor vehicles can be attributed to low quality diesel fuel and oil burning two-

stroke engines.


115. To offset this trend, Karachi has witnessed an increase in vehicles fuelled by

compressed natural gas (CNG) in recent years and many formerly diesel fuelled

vehicles have been converted to run on CNG. However, there has been a greater

increase in traffic overall and Karachi has a preponderance of old buses that run on

diesel fuel and produce high emissions. Buses and trucks cause significant air

pollution and since the main sources of pollutants are traffic, and traffic has increased

on the Red Line corridor, it is assumed that air quality has deteriorated as a result.

116. The main air pollutants in Karachi City are nitrogen oxides (NOX) sulphur dioxide

(SO2) particulate matter (PM10, PM with diameter of 10 microns or smaller and PM2.5,

i.e. PM 2.5 microns or smaller) and carbon monoxide (CO). Motor vehicles are the

major source of PM pollution. Most of the PM pollution (>80%) comes from diesel-run

vehicles. Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS) for these parameters in

addition to lead (Pb) and ozone (O3) are set by the Government and have been

promulgated at provincial level by the Government of Sindh as well as standards for

vehicle emissions in line with Euro II. Finally, the Government has promulgated

tailpipe emissions standards.

117. The EPA certified and well-reputed laboratory, SUPARCO, was engaged to conduct

monitoring for ambient air quality near the proposed project site for the Staging facility

development with the results provided as Annexure H.

The location selected for the monitoring activity is shown on the map as Figure 4.8

below.


Figure 4.8: Monitoring Location for Ambient Air Quality and Noise Levels


118. Detailed 24 hourly ambient air quality monitoring at the proposed project site for the

Staging facility has been conducted and the results of this monitoring are provided as

Table 4.3 below. Furthermore, a comparison of these monitoring results with the

applicable air quality guidelines is also presented in Table 4.4 below. As can be

observed, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10 are already exceeding the permissible limits, which

indicates that the airshed is already quite degraded. Thus, all possible efforts will

need to be made during the construction phase through adoption of best practices to

minimize any further worsening of the pollutant concentrations in the airshed of the

project area.

4.2.3 Noise

119. Traffic is a major contributor of noise pollution in all the big cities of the World.

Karachi is noted for its high level of noise from improperly maintained vehicles, weak

and ineffective noise pollution regulations and lack of enforcement.

120. The results of this monitoring activity are provided in Table 4.2 below. Since the

ambient noise levels have been observed to be exceeding the permissible levels, thus

it will need to be ensured as part of the mitigation measures that during the

construction works, at no time shall the noise levels be permitted to exceed 3 dB from

the ambient noise levels.

Table 4.2: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results (24 hrs) at Staging Facility Project Site

Monitoring Location Parameter Noise Reading Results

Day Time Readings (0600 to 2200)

Staging Facility Project Site dB(A) Leq* 76.3

Night Time Readings (2200 to 0600)

Staging Facility Project Site dB(A) Leq* 67.6

Source: SUPARCO Monitoring Report, June 2019

*dB(A) Leq: Time weighted average level of sound in decibel on scale which is relatable to human hearing

4.2.4 Climate Change and Effects

121. Climate change acting hand-in-hand with urban dislocation and growth promises to

exert a significant negative impact on Karachi’s urban infrastructure systems and services, its built environment and ecosystem services, and therefore on its urban

population and economy. As one of the region’s coastal mega cities, which includes

Manila, Bangkok, Jakarta, Mumbai and Shanghai, Karachi will face increased flooding

and damage from unpredictable weather patterns along with other forms of extreme

event including drought with attendant risks on water supply, heat waves with

attendant effect on fuel consumption and water use, sea level rise that impacts

mangrove and other ecosystems, flood water removal, and complicity with tropical

cyclones. (Anwar 2012)


122. Another prominent study (Hasan et.al. 2017) maintains that Karachi, being a city of

migrants located in the midst of an alien and unwelcoming province, suffers from a

disconnect of governance that bodes ill for dealing with the effects of climate change:

“Of the estimated 3.35 million ‘illegal’ immigrants in Pakistan, 75 per cent (or 2.5

million) are settled in more than 100 migrant-concentrated residential areas in

Karachi. Living conditions in these settlements are mostly cramped, and services

such as clean drinking water, sanitation and solid waste disposal are hard to come by.

Research from the region suggests that processes and structures of unplanned rapid

urbanisation, environmental change and social exclusion reinforce urban vulnerability

for migrants.” (p. 6)

123. The report concludes with recommendations to enhance capacity and political

support for institutional reforms, reconstitute the low-cost housing market and support

private and public-sector cooperation in health and housing provision, as means for

reducing vulnerabilities among the Katchi Abadi population.


Table 4.3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (24 hrs) at Staging Facility Proposed Location

Monitoring Location Parameter

NO

(ug/m3)

NO2

(ug/m3)

CO

(ug/m3)

SO2

(ug/m3)

O3

(ug/m3)

PM2.5

(ug/m3)

PM10

(ug/m3)

SPM

(ug/m3)

Staging Facility

Project Site

Min 5.6 25.0 2.2 16.0 5.7

61.5 133.8 385.6 Max 19.6 98.0 6.4 30.0 31.5

Average 11.5 58.5 3.5 24.0 16.7

Source: SUPARCO Monitoring Report, June 2019

Table 4.4: Comparison of ambient air quality results versus applicable Air Quality standards

Monitoring Location Parameter

NO

(ug/m3)

NO2

(ug/m3)

CO

(ug/m3)

SO2

(ug/m3)

O3

(ug/m3)

PM2.5

(ug/m3)

PM10

(ug/m3)

SPM

(ug/m3)

Applicable Guideline

(ug/m3) for 24 hrs - 80 - 20 - 25 50 500

Staging Facility

Project Site

Min 5.6 25.0 2.2 16.0 5.7

61.5 133.8 385.6 Max 19.6 98.0 6.4 30.0 31.5

Average 11.5 58.5 3.5 24.0 16.7

Exceeding applicable guidelines for acceptable pollutant levels Within’ applicable guidelines for acceptable pollutant levels


Figure 4-9: Katchi Settlements Flooded and Dry

4.3 Geology, Soils and Groundwater

124. The physical features of Karachi and the hinterland in southern Sindh includes

plains, hills, rivers, valleys and coasts. The city covers an area of approximately 3,530

km2, comprised largely of flat or rolling plains, with hills on the west and north

demarcating the limits of urban expansion.

125. The Arabian sea beaches line the southern coastline of Karachi. Dense mangroves

and creeks of the Indus Delta can be found toward the southeast along the coast.

Cape Monze, an area marked with projecting sea cliffs and rocky sandstone

promontories is located toward the North West. Beaches can also be found in this

area including nesting locations for the green turtle, like Hawkes Bay.

126. Rocks ranging in age from Eocene to recent, deposited under shallow marine deltaic

conditions are exposed. Karachi is a part of major synclinorium stretching from

Ranpathani River in the east to Cape Monze in the west. (Hamid et.al. 2013) Mehar

and Mol mountains lie in the north. Within the synclinorium a number of formations

are exposed. The Geotechnical report prepared for the BRT-Red Line project (MML

2018) identifies these as:

▪ Kirthar Formation (Eocene) ▪ Nari Formation (Oligocene)

▪ Gaj Formation (Miocene) ▪ Mancher Formation (Pliocene)

▪ Dada Formation (Pleistocene) ▪ Terrace Deposits

▪ Piedmont and Sub-piedmont Deposits

127. The geological map of Karachi and surrounding areas is attached as Figure 4-10

below. Various rock formations have been folded to form anticlinal hills and synclinal

valleys, with moderate to gentle dips. The fold axes run approximately north-east to

south west and there are two main zones. The first zone is to the east and northeast

and is characterized by relatively more intense folding and faulting. Rocks ranging in

age from Palaeocene to Oligocene are also exposed in this zone. The second zone is

located in the center and to the west and southwest and comprises a large area that

opens towards the south and consists of horizontal or near horizontal strata that form

gentle undulations in the form of synclines and anticlines with low dips of 2 to 6

degrees (rarely up to 10 degrees). These folds have a general southward plunging

direction.

128. According to the geological map, most of the project lies in the TMG designation,

comprised of shales and limestones of the Gaj formation in the Kirthar range. The Gaj

Formation is divided into Lower (Mol) and Upper (Sharji) members. The lower


member (Mol) is comprised of clay in the lower part and limestone in the upper part.

The limestone unit is very hard, thinly-bedded, light brown to cream colored, massive

and nodular. It is siliceous in some parts and may be fossiliferous, coralline and

chalky where found exposed in a weathered escarpment. It is generally about 68 m

thick and decreases in thickness toward the east. The Gaj formation, whether

exposed or underground, encompasses most of Karachi and in particular around the

project area.

4.3.1 Seismic activity

129. Karachi is located in a moderate earthquake zone. Pakistan falls into three seismic

zones. Zone-III is the most severe and Zone-I the least. The Karachi Building Control

Authority has placed Karachi in Zone-II. Based on the actual events, past

observations of fault movement and other geological activities, Karachi is situated in a

region where moderate earthquakes may occur of magnitude 5.0 to 6.0 equivalent to

intensity between VII and VIII on Modified Mercallis Scale (M).

130. On the basis of earthquakes experienced from 1970 to 2005 (see Figure 4-11), four

seismically active zones have been identified in and around Karachi. One seismic

zone lies to the west of Karachi, shown as the Ornach Nal Fault merging into the

regional Chaman Fault. The zone extends southwest into the Arabian sea and is

aligned with the submarine Murray Ridge; to the north it extends towards Uthal-Bela

areas. No large earthquake is known historically on the Ornach Nal system.

131. The second seismic zone follows the south-eastern margin of Kirthar Range from the

north to the south, swinging ultimately towards the southwest. This zone includes

Thano Bula Khan, Lakhra, Jhimpir, Jungshahi, Thatta and areas further south. The

third zone passes across the eastern vicinity of Badin in the northeast-southwest

direction along the eastern margin of the Indus Delta. The fourth seismic zone

straddles the Pakistan-India border. Earthquakes of low to moderate magnitudes —

3.1M to 4.0M and 4.1M to 5.0M — dominate in these zones. (Sarwar and Alizai 2013)

Quakes of higher magnitudes (above 5.0M) take place to the southeast in the Rann of

Kutch, which is a known high-risk area. Records show that earthquakes of low to

moderate magnitudes have occurred in the following zones – Murray Ridge-

Sonmiani-Uthal, south-eastern Kirthar, and NESW Badin. Moderate magnitude

earthquakes in Jangshahi, Thatta, Jhimpir and Thano Bula Khan Area produce low to

moderate intensity shocks in Karachi, as experienced in 1985.

132. The seismic zoning for Karachi was revised after the 2005 earthquake. Probabilistic

Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) carried out for revision of seismic provisions of

the Building Code of Pakistan shows that Karachi falls in Zone 2B. The Zone 2B has

Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in the range of 0.16g to 0.24g for a return period of

475 years and is considered to be at ‘Moderate’ risk of a major earthquake event. It is

recommended that project structures be designed for the requirements of Zone 2B.

(MML 2018)


Figure 4-10: Geological Map of Karachi and Surrounding Area


133. Some earthquakes of more than 4M have taken place in the west of Karachi in the

Arabian sea but the earthquakes were not felt in Karachi. The great Bhuj earthquake

of 2001, measured 8.0 on the Richter scale and caused enormous damage in

Ahmedabad and its surrounding areas but did not cause much damage in Karachi or

Hyderabad; even though these two Pakistani cities are situated not far away from the

epicentre at Ahmedabad. (Bilham et.al. 2007)

134. Bilham et.al. (2007) traces the historical record with the destruction of the major

population centre of Bhaminabad around 980 A.D., and other major seismic events, to

show the potential for a major earthquake in the Karachi area. Sarwar and Alizai

(2013) support the hypothesis of increasing activity among faults and subduction

zones near Karachi, and the potential for tsunamis to add to the earthquake threat.

Figure 4-11: Historical Reconstruction of Earthquakes in the Vicinity of Karachi and Southern Pakistan

From Bilham et.al. 2007

4.4 Hydrology, Water Quality and Sediment

135. Four drainage systems are said to encompass Karachi City, the Lyari, the Malir, the

Budnai, and small streams referred to collectively as the coastal basin. These can be

seen generally on the following map (Figure 4-12). The Malir River Basin and the

Lyari River Basin contribute about 80% of the surface runoff from the City.


136. Thus, the natural drainage system of Karachi city includes mainly the tributaries of

the Malir and Lyari rivers. While these are perennial streams, instream flow is

intermittent, and fresh water inflow depends on rainfall and runoff; both rivers also

intercept discharges from sewer lines and outfalls and carry sewage to the sea from

all parts of the City. The Budnai Basin and the Coastal Basin are minor basins. The

Malir river flows from the east towards the south and centre, and the Lyari river

stretches from north of the city to the southwest ending in the Arabian Sea. Karachi

Harbour is another hydrographic landmark, and is a sheltered bay to the southwest of

the city, protected from storms by Sandpit Beach, Manora Island and Oyster Rocks.

137. Drainage channels collect surface runoff through hundreds of small/large side

channels and lined nullahs (drains) that serve as important components of the

drainage network. These are generally dry built channels and streambeds that flow

into the main rivers described above. Whenever a heavy rain takes place, the huge

amount of runoff that course through these channels may cause the rivers to overflow

their banks and spread over adjacent floodplains. In any event, the drainage network

of the city is severely stressed due to increased runoff from paved surfaces, and

encroachment on drainage channels.

138. The Lyari river is an ephemeral stream having a substantial catchment area starting

from as far back as the Badra range of hills, some 100 km north of the city. Its

catchment covers an area of 700 km2, out of which approximately 150 km2 is in the

metropolitan area.

139. The river is the main contributor to an estimated amount of 200 MGD of sewage that

enters the Arabian Sea. A large number of industries including leather tanning units,

pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, refineries, chemical, textile, paper and pulp,

engineering works and thermal power stations, located along the river, regularly

discharge their untreated industrial waste, including the waste flows from the SITE

industrial estate in Orangi that flows via the Orangi Nala to the Lyari and thence to the

ocean. (Nergis et.al. 2013) A range of contaminants affect the marine ecology along

the coastal shelf.

140. Malir river is shorter with a smaller drainage area. It is ephemeral and is constituted

from two major tributaries, the Mol and Khadeji, as well as some minor tributaries.

Khadeji is a perennial stream that originates at Khadeji falls and gains flow as it

travels across the Malir Basin. The Malir and Khadeji River basins include dry hill

torrents and flow depends upon precipitation during rains. Once the Malir enters

urban space, it receives large amounts of industrial effluent from the Korangi industrial

area, and discharges into the sea. Data by the World Bank (2006) report values of

650 and 1,250 mg-COD/L for the Lyari and Malir rivers, respectively.

Description of Environment (41) 24 July 2019

Figure 4-12: Generalized Schematic of Drainage Basins in Karachi Metropolitan Area

from Akhtar and Dhanani 2012.

4.4.1 Ground Water Quality

141. Karachi obtains its drinking water from the Indus river, about 120km to the east and

the Hub river in the west. Some limited groundwater is extracted for private use in the

Karachi area, but groundwater resources in the Karachi area are limited. The aquifers

close to the coastal belt are mostly saline and unusable for domestic purposes.

Aquifers near the Hub river are well developed and serve as sources of water for

agriculture and domestic use. The aquifers are estimated to lie at depths of 50-100 m.

4.4.2 Climate Vulnerability—Flooding

142. Despite dry conditions, flash flooding is common (see Figure 4-13). Pakistan’s regional flooding in 2010 left one-fifth of the country’s land area submerged. Flooding of Karachi on 1 Sept 2017 left 16 dead. These and other similar events seem not to

be addressed in a statistical fashion in the literature, though causative factors are

mentioned, including blocking of drainage channels through land encroachment by

both wealthy and poor inhabitants. Drainage is enough of a critical factor to be overly

compensated for in the design of streets for the more affluent parts of the city.


Figure 4-13: Images of Flooding in Karachi

143. Although the climate of Karachi is arid and rainfall is low and highly variable,

whenever torrential rain comes and heavy rainfall occurs, within a short duration

surface runoff intensifies. This is because the rate of water percolation into soil is

lower than the amount of rainwater falling on the surface. Heavy showers take place

in the city either due to the effects of tropical storms usually in June, which rarely

affect coastal areas but bring heavy showers for short periods and cause flooding. As

the result of a tropical storm (6 June 2010), Karachi received 130 mm rain within a

day, which caused huge surface runoff. The heavy monsoon rain mostly occurs in

July and August and is the main cause of flooding in the city. However, its

reoccurrence is estimated to occur at between about 3 to 5-year intervals. Flood

affected areas of the city and areas susceptible to flooding include the old city areas

such as Kharadar, Mithadar, Bunder Road, Ram-swami and Arambagh.

4.5 Biological Resources

4.5.1 Flora

144. The definitive source of information on Karachi’s flora is Jafri (1966). In his taxonomy, he included 72 families, 249 genera and 403 species, excluding some of the

commonly cultivated and almost naturalized taxa. Work by Hussain et. al. (2010) and

others have documented species loss. Their assessment is that, for more than 35 %

of the species mentioned in Jafri’s Flora of Karachi can now be included in the Red

Data book for threatened species, and categorized as extinct, endangered,

vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, or threatened. (Hussain et.al. 2010)


145. Hussain et.al. (2010) lists 16 native tree species that are threatened, 11 threatened

species of shrub, and 29 species of understory shrub species, also considered

threatened. Threatened woody climber species number 11, and herbaceous climbers

that are threatened number seven (7); while herbaceous plants (herbs) considered

threatened number 59. The authors state that among trees Tecomella undulata has

become locally extinct, along with three other tree species that are endangered, and

one (1) in the rare category (Mimosa hamata).

146. Some time back, Karachi University campus provided the best representation of the

flora of Karachi. As of 2010, many have been eradicated, so that the main repositories

remaining of Karachi’s native and indigenous plants are in the protected and enclosed

areas of Malir cantonment, Shah Faisal cantonment, Masroor Airport area and

Korangi, and PAF base area. (Hussain et.al. 2010)

147. The principal habitats are arid hills and low lying sandy areas found in and between

the courses of the Lyari and Malir rivers that run through Karachi city. Hillside

vegetation comprises mainly camelthorn (Prosopis spicigera), wild caper (Capparis

decidua) and large succulents such as Euphorbia caudicifolia. Sandy areas are

typically vegetated with a sparse cover of small trees such as Acacia senegal,

Zizyphus nummularia and Prosopis cineraria (mesquite), and shrubs such as

Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Colotropis procera, Rhazya stricta, Inula grantioides,

Zygophyllum, simplex and Sueda fruticosa. Species on calcareous hills include

Vernonia cinerascens, Commiphora wightii, Grewia tenax and Euphorbia caducifolia.

Shallow slopes with varied soils at low altitudes are populated by (trees) Zizyphus

nummularia, Salvadora oleoides, and Capparis deciduas. Shrubs such as Grewia

tenax, Seddera latifolia, and Rhazya stricta are the most commonly found species,

together with the grasses Ochthochloa compressa, Cymbopogon jawarancuss and

Aristida funiculata.

148. Prosopis cineraria (mesquite), Indigofera oblongifolia, a perennial shrub found in a

range of habitats including grassland, bushland and sandy soils, and Euphorbia

caducifolia, a succulent that grows profusely on sandy soils, form the most common

combination of native vegetation of Karachi City.

149. However, a wide variety of trees have been introduced over the years and the

Karachi University Botanical Garden, opened to the public in 2008, exemplifies many

of these species, with over 2,000 exotic and indigenous plant species represented.

While the Garden is located on 80 ha of land at the campus near the alignment,

KUBG is set back sufficiently far so as not to be affected by the project.

150. Destruction of native plants occurs through clearing of brush and ‘cleanliness drives’, where those instigating these moves are unaware of the plants being eradicated.

Habitats have shrunk and species numbers been reduced placing many on the

threatened species list.

4.5.2 Fauna

Avian Fauna


151. Shaukat and Raza (2016) conducted long-term observations of avian species at

Karachi University and Dow University campuses (1996-2015, K.U. and 2008-2015

D.U.H.S.) Bird species identified over the period are listed in Table 4-5.

Table 4-5: Birds of Karachi and Dow University Campuses (1996—2015)

Scientific Name Common Name

Streptopelia tranquebarica Little Brown Dove

Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove

Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon

Corvus splendens Sindh House Crow

Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufous Treepie

Passer domesticus House Sparrow

Passer pyrrhonotus Sind Sparrow

Alauda arvensis Eurasian Skylark

Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow

Motacilla alba White Wagtail

Motacilla flava Western Yellow Wagtail

Lanius vittatus Bay-Backed Shrike

Lanius meridionalis Southern Grey Shrike

Acridotheres ginginianus Bank Myna

Acridotheres tristis Common Myna

Sturnus roseus Rosy Starling

Pycnonotus cafer Red Vented Bulbul

Pycnonotus leucogenys White Cheeked Bulbul

Cinnyris asiaticus Purple Sunbird

Phylloscopus collybita Chiffchaff

Estrilda amandava Red Avadavat

Lonchura punctulate Scaly-Breasted Munia

Amandava amandava Red Avadavat

Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo

Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart

Copsychus fulicatus Indian Robin

Turdoides striata Jungle Babbler

Coturnix coturnix White Wagtail

Francolinus pondicerianus Grey Partridge

Francolinus francolinus Black Partridge

Upupa epops Hoopoe

Merops orientotalis Green Bee-Eater

Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller

Halcyon smyrenensis White-Throated Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher

Milvus migrans Black Kite

Circaetus gallicus Short-Toed Snake-Eagle

Circus aeruginosus Western Marsh-Harrier

Accipiter badius Shikra

Egretta garzetta Little Egret

Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret

Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron


Scientific Name Common Name

Vanellus indicus Red-Wattled Lapwing

Psittacula krameria Rose-Ringed Parakeet

Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel

Tyto alba Barn Owl

Athene brama Spotted Owlet

Pterocles exustus Sandgrouse

Dipnopium benghalensis Golenbacked Woodpecker

(Shaukat and Raza 2016)

Mammals and Reptiles

152. EMC (2015) listed some 19 mammals, of which six are domesticated bovines, and

six species of reptile, known to have been present in Karachi district as shown in

Table 4-6 below. Only a few would be found in the typical urban space of the built-up

City, and even less along the median where construction takes place. Most

information in the literature related to fauna currently inhabiting areas near Karachi in

Sindh province focuses on the coastal zone including its mangrove embayment fringe

and areas around Buleyji that are rich in marine biodiversity.

Table 4-6: Mammals and Reptiles Historically Present in the Area of Karachi District

Common Scientific Name Status

Mammals

Indian Hedgehog Paraechinus micropus Very rare

Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus Rare

Chinkara Gazalla bennetti Very rare

Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis Rare

Small Indian Mongoose Herpes javanicus Common

Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata Rare

Indian Desert Cat Felis silvertris ornate Rare

Indian crested porcupine Hystrix indica Rare

Ratel or Honey badger Mellivora capensis Vulnerable

Hog Deer Axis porcinus Very rare

Cairo Spiny Mouse Acomys cahirinus Rare

Grey spiny mouse or Rock mouse Mus saxicola Rare

Desert cat Felis libyca ornate Rare

Hares, rabbits Common

Domestic Bovines:

Domestic Sheep Ovis aries

Domestic Cattle Bos Taurus

Domestic Goat Capra hircus

Indian Water Buffalo Bubalus arnee

Arabian Camel Camelus dromedaries

Domestic Horse Equus caballus

Reptiles

Spiny tailed lizard Uromastyx hardiwickii Common

Krait Bangarus caerulus Vulnerable


Common Scientific Name Status

Indian Python Python molurus Very rare/

Endangered

Mugger Crocodylus palustri Vulnerable

Gharial Gavialis gangeticus Endangered

Marsh crocodile Crocodulus palustris Endangered

4.6 Socioeconomic Resources

153. There are many reports and documents available describing the socioeconomic

setting of Karachi. The USAID/IMMAP Pakistan Development Perspective report

(USAID/IMMAP, undated) provides a comprehensive overview with data and

graphics, but without any particular theme. The work by Anwar et.al. (2013) is aimed

at characterizing gender themes in the development of the city, and provides much

detailed and quantitative data. ADB’s Megacity Final Report (ADB 2005) also

contains extensive textual and tabular data related to development themes.

Infrastructure conditions along roadways are described in the ITDP final report related

to Karachi NMT & Parking Improvement Plan & Design (ITDP 20115a). A number of

transport planning documents, such as the KTIP reports and others, also contain

excellent through somewhat dated summaries of Karachi’s urban environment.

Results obtained from primary socioeconomic survey and the above mentioned

reports have been used to describe the socioeconomic conditions of Karachi in

overview, and then, to the extent possible, for the areas nearby the Red Line

alignment.

154. The project is located in Karachi the capital of Sindh province and Pakistan’s biggest commercial hub. The city accounts for more than 90 per cent of Pakistan’s foreign trade and contributes to more than 30 percent of Pakistan’s industrial production. The city is made up of 20 contiguous towns. The pattern of incomes shows that 9.5% are

extremely poor and another 14 per cent are transitorily poor. It may be said that 50

percent of the population are below the poverty line. There is a continuous growth in

the slum areas.

4.6.1 Population

155. Provisional results of the 2017 census show urban Karachi with a population of

14,910,352 capita, an increase of 58% over the 1998 urban population 9,448,808.

Karachi’s population increase was outstripped over the same period by Lahore

(116%), Peshawar (100.4%) and Islamabad (91.8%). Karachi grew at an average

annual rate of 2.43%.

156. Karachi’s urban population is divided into six districts, two of which also contain rural populations (see

157.


158. Table 4-7). Cantonment areas are not counted and are generally considered not to be

part of the city.

Table 4-7: District-wise 2017 Population for Karachi Division

POPULATION - 2017

Administrative units Households Male Female Tsxual Total Population

1998

Sex

ratio

2017

1998- 2017

average

annual

growth rate

KARACHI DIVISION 2,770,074 8,439,659 7,610,365 1,497 16,051,521 9,856,318 110.9 2.6

RURAL 193,871 606,588 534,499 82 1,141,169 407,510 113.49 5.56

URBAN 2,576,203 7,833,071 7,075,866 1,415 14,910,352 9,448,808 110.7 2.43

Districts

KARACHI CENTRAL 538,983 1,543,950 1,427,349 327 2,971,626 2,277,931 108.17 1.41

KARACHI EAST 509,239 1,528,019 1,379,225 223 2,907,467 1,472,896 110.79 3.64

KARACHI SOUTH 327,518 943,546 848,010 195 1,791,751 1,478,047 111.27 1.02

KARACHI WEST 634,459 2,065,847 1,848,553 357 3,914,757 2,089,509 111.75 3.35

RURAL 44,051 149,220 134,014 13 283,247 73,568 111.35 7.34

URBAN 590,408 1,916,627 1,714,539 344 3,631,510 2,015,941 111.79 3.14

KORANGI 421,618 1,284,015 1,172,737 267 2,457,019 1,561,742 109.49 2.41

MALIR 338,257 1,074,282 934,491 128 2,008,901 976,193 114.96 3.86

RURAL 149,820 457,368 400,485 69 857,922 333,942 114.2 5.08

URBAN 188,437 616,914 534,006 59 1,150,979 642,251 115.53 3.11

Data from the USAID/IMMAP report shows population density in some areas reaching as high as 60,000 cap/sq

km and the largest demographic between 5 – 9 yrs. (Figure 4-15)


Figure 4-14: Administrative map of Karachi

Figure 4-15: Population Distribution by Area, Age and Sex.


From USAID/IMMAP undated.

4.6.2 Land Use

City-wide Aspects

159. From a city-wide perspective, two aspects of land use predominate. One is the

presence of the katchi abadi, or squatter developments that dominate in some areas

of the City. According to ADB (2005), rapid and uncontrolled growth of the city has

resulted in unregulated development and inappropriate land-use changes, with an

estimated 50% of the population living in unplanned, poorly serviced and heavily

polluted informal settlements. Karachi has been noted for an extreme level of violence

over the last ten years, with one of the highest murder rates of any city in the world.

The general discourse holds that violence originates in these closely packed informal

settlements. While the abadis may be centers for crime and violence, they also

constitute the living space of poor and vulnerable people. According to UN research,

most of the migrants who end up living in such vulnerable circumstances tend to be

women (Anwar et.al. 2013). The growth of ‘Abadis' in Karachi has been extensive,

increasing from 212 distinct areas in 1958 to more than 500, as identified by Arif and

Hamid (2008).

160. As described in Anwar et.al. (2013), a series of decrees have been passed to

regularize and formalize the abadis, which have been more or less successful in

achieving some permanence for their inhabitants. The Sindh Katchi Abadis Act (1987)

set out criteria for formalizing unplanned settlements, as did the Sindh Gothabad Act

(1987) and others. These decrees for land regularization also set out exceptions such

as the minimum number of households (40) that must be present in order to establish

eligibility for regularization. Without regularization, those who reside in an unplanned

settlement may not receive financial or livelihood support.

161. Unplanned settlements define the city’s spatial landscape and remain critical in

housing over 60% of its population. Unplanned settlements have grown at twice the

rate of planned settlements, fuelling Karachi’s urban expansion. (Anwar et.al. 2013)

162. Another aspect of land use is characterized by guarded communities for the wealthy.

These developments are situated along new infrastructure corridors such as the

Super Highway where the city’s rapidly expanding middle and upper-middle class

population resides. (Anwar et.al. 2013) The upper classes tend to reside in securitized

and well-served suburban housing estates, some located in close proximity to the city

centre, such as the Defense Housing Authority (DHA) area near Clifton Cantonment.

High concentrations of wealth can be found in these estates where new areas of

commerce and services have emerged.

163. There are of course many other aspects of city-wide land use, such as the old city

areas that are mainly built up with five to six storey buildings surrounding MA Jinnah

Road. The Central Business District (CBD) is located here and in the direction of the


Port. Buildings are older and support mixed use with commercial, shipping offices,

and residential space.

164. The Central Business District (CBD) is formed by Saddar Town and neighboring

Keamari and Jamshed Towns, and is an area of concentrated commercial and

business activities. The main municipal administration buildings are located in the

CBD, Keamari and Saddar Town. The next most important area for upscale

commercial development is Clifton Cantonment. Otherwise, commercial land use is

primarily observed along the main roads. Industrial land use is primarily in the

hinterland of the Port of Karachi and Port of Bin Qasim, SITE Town, Korangi Town

and Landhi Town.

4.6.3 Physical Infrastructure

165. Karachi Water & Sewerage Board (KWSB) is the sole public water service provider,

supplying water for around 90% of the population through pipelines or by tank truck.

The remaining 10% of the population depends on groundwater. KWSB pumps water

from the Dumlottee Well Field, located on the banks of Malir River about 30 km to the

northeast of the city, which is mostly depleted. The Indus River now serves as the

main source of water for Karachi. About 550 MGD is taken at the Kotri Barrage

through the Kalri Baghar feeder to temporary storage at Kinjhar Lake. Another major

source of water for Karachi is Hub Dam. About 100 MGD of water is supplied to

Karachi from the dam. The Hub Dam forms a multi-purpose reservoir along the Hub

River approximately 50 km to the north-west of Karachi.

166. Telecommunications are provided by Pakistan Telecommunications Ltd. (PTCL) and

other private companies. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) regulates the

establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunication systems and the

provision of telecommunication services across the Country.

Public Transportation Facilities

167. Railways use more than 100 km of track length for commuter services within the

Karachi metropolitan area. Some important stations connecting this system are

located near the KBRT project. These stops are on the Karachi Circular Railway

(KCR).

168. The KCR began its operation in 1964 using trains pulled by diesel locomotives to

make some 12 round trips a day around the City. The system deteriorated and

transport volume declined annually, adversely affecting profitability. The system

ceased to operate in December 1999. The Karachi Transportation Improvement

Project (KTIP) identified the KCR as an important element in Karachi’s future public transport system. KCR operations were resumed on one section of the main line, and

a study was done to evaluate repairing the existing 30 km of the circular section and

14 km on the main line, with a provision to extend services to Karachi International

Airport. Full-scale restoration has not been implemented due to lack of funds, and

rejuvenation of the KCR system is still in proposal stage.


169. Air travel is dominated by Pakistan International Airlines, a state-owned airline

headquartered at Jinnah International Airport. PIA operates scheduled services to 23

domestic destinations and 30 international destinations in 27 countries across Asia,

Europe and North America. Its main bases are Karachi, Lahore and

Islamabad/Rawalpindi, with secondary bases at Peshawar, Faisalabad, Quetta,

Sialkot and Multan. The airport location is relatively near the eastern end of the KBRT

Red Line corridor.

Employment and Livelihoods

170. Karachi’s burgeoning population is in part attributed to good employment

opportunities in trade and industry. Karachi is said to have an “overtly industrial character” in contrast to its “agricultural hinterland”, a development trend likely to

further the polarization between urban Karachi and rural areas, and inevitably widen

the gap between the city and its hinterland. (ADB 2005) Other sources also point out

the extreme difference in income among different social groups and also between

provinces.

171. Unemployment remained around 5 % post 1993-1999, but increased sharply to over

8 % in 2002. Following that, the rate fell during 2003-7 and reached a low point of

around 5 % in 2008-9. It rose again to 5.6 % in 2009. Overall, there has been a

decline in unemployment since 2003-4.

172. Economic growth contributes to real wage increase, employment and poverty

alleviation. Forces of supply and demand in the labor market jointly determine wage

rates and numbers of people employed. Labor demand is linked to remittances from

overseas Pakistanis as well as to the structure of the economy, as represented by

land ownership and control over financial assets.

173. Also, there is a demographic transition taking place in Pakistan, and youth

employment opportunities take centre stage, since new arrivals to the work force must

be absorbed productively. While the labor force is growing every year, opportunities

for employment are declining. Even so, youth unemployment in Pakistan is below the

global average.

174. Trends in age-specific unemployment rates differ considerably for males and females

in the labor force. Male unemployment has increased in the last two decades,

whereas female unemployment has decreased. The gap between the projected

female working age population and the projected labor force is likely to increase

sharply over time. While a reduction in this gap is desirable, and unemployment

among females has historically been higher than among males, the gender gap has

narrowed considerably over time.

175. Many unemployed males are students enrolled in colleges, universities, and

professional and technical education institutes. The rates of employment in electricity,

gas and water, construction, manufacturing, trade (including restaurants and hotels) in

urban Sindh are much higher than in the nation. Urban Sindh’s participation in finance


is almost double the national rate. According to one estimate, 90 % are migrants from

different backgrounds and the population is estimated to be growing at about 5 % per

year, mainly as a result of internal rural-urban migration, including an estimated

50,000 migrant workers coming to the city every month from different parts of

Pakistan. (USAID/IMMAP undated)

176. Employment is in a variety of sectors. Several industrial zones including Landhi,

Korangi, FB Area, North Karachi, Dhabeji and Port Qasim were built during the 1990s.

Korangi Creek Industrial Park (KCIP) commenced operations from 2013, contributing

around Rs 40 billion annually to the national GDP and providing approximately 30,000

direct and 180,000 indirect jobs.

177. Karachi has a large industrial base located in these industrial zones on the fringes of

the main city. Karachi has over 15,000 industries in the organized sector while there

are more than 50,000 units in the informal sector that are not under the purview of the

Labor Department. About 70 % of total industry of Pakistan is located in Karachi and

in the Bin Qasim Industrial Area, mostly in the Sindh Industrial Trading Estate (SITE),

Landhi Industrial Trading Estate (LITE), Korangi Industrial Area, and West Wharf

Industrial Area. In addition, Karachi has a vibrant cottage industry and there is a

rapidly flourishing Free Zone with an annual growth rate of nearly 6.5%. Karachi has

an Expo Centre, which hosts many regional and international exhibitions. Karachi is

home to major industrial associations.

178. Karachi is a major seaport and contains the country’s two major ports, the Port of

Karachi and Port Mohammad Bin Qasim. The city also is an important hub for the

fishery industry in Pakistan, and major fishing ports include Karachi and Korangi

Fishing Ports. About 300,000 people are connected with the fishing industry;

subsidiary industries provide employment for another 400,000 people. (USAID/IMMAP

undated)

Public Health

179. Public Health System facilities in Karachi include:

▪ Outreach and community-based activities that focus on immunization, malaria

control, maternal and child health, family planning and the Lady Health Workers

program;

▪ Primary care facilities that focus on outpatient care;

▪ Taluka and district headquarters hospitals for basic inpatient and outpatient care;

▪ Tertiary care hospitals; and

▪ Teaching hospitals and centres of excellence

Table 4-8: Medical Facilities in Karachi

Sr. No Karachi Division Total number of Hospital,


dispensaries & Laboratories

1 Karachi Central 88

2 Karachi East 88

3 Karachi Korangi 90

4 Karachi Malir 111

5 Karachi South 111

6 Karachi West 150

7 Along the alignment 04

180. Vaccination rates are good indicator of attention to public health. Rates given for

Karachi (2011) for children 12-23 months that have been immunized (by type of

antigen (%)) are as follows:

BCG

(TB) DPT1 DPT2 DPT3 POLIO1 POLIO2 POLIO3 MEASLES

97 97 96 94 92 91 88 92

181. According to IMMAP, 74.5 % of children under 12 are fully Immunized (2011-2012),

and 91 % of pregnant women have received tetanus toxoid Injection. Mortality

statistics are given in Table 4-9.

Table 4-9: Mortality Statistics of Karachi and Nationwide

Sr. Type of Mortality Number of Lives National Average*

1 Infant Mortality 81/1000 64/1000

2 Maternal Mortality 314/100,000 178/100,000

3 Under 5 Mortality 101/1000 79/1000

* The World Bank data at https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT.

182. Karachi mortality rates are higher than the national average on all three indicators.

HIV/AIDs

183. HIV has shown to be a serious and tenacious problem for Pakistan. However, as

reporting in NACP/UNAIDs 2015, conservative religious values and cultural normative

systems have contributed to keeping the epidemic from becoming generalized,

remaining concentrated in key populations, persons who inject drugs (PWID), men

who have sex with men (MSM), transgender persons (TG), and female sex workers

(FSW). In general, Pakistan has done poorly in controlling HIV and AIDs, and

following a 2013 mid-term review of its program in meeting UN general assembly

goals, Pakistan was found not to be on target for over 50 per cent of their targets. A

report in the national news gives a gloomy performance of the Sindh Aids Control

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT


Programme, wherein “only five treatment centres are working in the entire Sindh

province, with Karachi leading the patient burden. Non-availability of medicines is

another crucial hindrance in tackling the disease.”(Geo TV 2016) According to one report (Memon 2012), Karachi’s HIV prevalence in risk groups in 2011 was 5.9%

among MSW (male sex workers), 12.3% for HSW (Hijra sex workers), 1.9% for FSW

(female sex workers) and 42.2% among IDUs (intravenous drug users). From 2003 to

2007, HIV prevalence among IDUs in Karachi rose from 0.3% to 23% in 2004 and has

reached 42% in 2011. (Samo et.al. 2013).

4.7 Physical Cultural Resources

4.7.1 Religious, Historical, Cultural and Archaeological Sites

184. A number of mosques can be found along University Avenue, and the Mausoleum for

M.A. Jinnah. Mazar-e-Quaid (Urdu: مزار قائد ), also known as the Jinnah Mausoleum or

the National Mausoleum, is the final resting place of Quaid-e-Azam ("Great Leader")

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. Designed in a 1960s modernist style,

the mausoleum also contains the tomb of his sister, Māder-e Millat. The mausoleum

is set back some 130 m from the edge of the right-of-way. Mosques within the area of

the alignment include the Al-Raheem Mosque, Jama-Masjid-Taqvee, M-Ibn-Tamiayah

Mosque, Masjid Bait-ul-Mukaram, and other lesser known mosques.

185. As per antiquities act 1975 and amended 1992 ‘notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, no development plan or scheme or new

construction on, or within a distance of two hundred feet of a protected immovable

antiquity shall be undertaken or executed accept with the approval of the Director

General.

Analysis of Alternatives 55 | P a g e

5 Analysis of Alternatives

5.1 Overview

186. The main purpose of this section is to compare feasible alternatives to the proposed

Staging facility development, including the ‘without-project’ situation. The potential environmental impacts of each alternative and feasibility of mitigation of these impacts

along with their suitability under local conditions are also compared.

5.2 ‘No Project’ Option

187. The proposed Staging facility is to be developed as part of the overall Karachi BRT

system being developed in order to provide ease of transfer of passengers from one

line to the other and include parking lots for the buses, maintenance of buses, offices,

ticketing booth, waiting areas and turnaround facility for the routes that terminate at

Numaish.

188. In addition, the proposed staging facility will help in optimizing and adjusting fleet

operations as the demand varies along the day. Additionally, it shall provide a

turnaround facility for routes that terminate at Numaish, and will thus reduce the dead

mileage for operations without passengers.

189. Considering all these aspects, the ‘No project’ scenario is not a viable option since

the BRT system will not be able to operate efficiently and economically without a

Staging facility while the commuters will also face great hardship and inconvenience

in their daily commute if this facility is not developed as part of the BRT system.

5.3 Rationale for selected Staging Facility Location

Alternative Location Options


permitting customer interchange between routes. This area also holds importance

as a BRT vehicle staging facility for the following reasons:

▪ Since limited space is available along the M. A. Jinnah road to hold BRT vehicles,







Development (ToD).

Analysis of Alternatives 56 | P a g e

191. Due to the factors mentioned above, the KGA ground site was selected to be the

most suitable along with having the required land available to meet the Staging

facility requirements.

5.4 Assessment of alternatives to prevent demolition of associated facilities

192. As per the preliminary designs, the existing structures on the KGA ground will

need to be demolished during construction, the concept design proposes to

reconstruct the ground and its associated facilities on top of the Mezzanine floor at

ground level.

193. The associated facilities possess a rich historical and cultural value since they

are over 100 years old, although they are not listed as national and cultural heritage

by the Government of Sindh. However, during the detailed design phase, all efforts

need to be made to prevent demolition of the associated facilities of the KGA ground

as far as possible by considering all alternatives (technical and location related).

194. If any suitable alternatives are developed during the detailed design stage that

prevent demolition of the associated facilities, these shall be included as part of the

update of this chapter of the IEE report.

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures (57) 24 July 2019

6 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

195. This chapter presents the potential environmental impacts related to design,

construction and operation phases of the proposed Staging facility. Following is a

description of the environmental impacts and the proposed mitigation measures to

minimize the negative impacts, if any.

6.1 Design/Pre-Construction Phase

Avoidance of demolition of Associated Facilities

Impacts

196. As per the preliminary design, the existing associated facilities located next to the

KGA ground, consisting of the main pavilion building along with some smaller

structures (details of these structures provided in Table 6.1 below) will need to be

completely demolished and then reconstructed once the staging facility has been

developed. These associated facilities, although not listed as cultural and historical

heritage, possess a rich historical value since they are over 100 years old and their

demolition would pose a great cultural and historic loss. As per ADB SPS 2009,

cultural interest may be at the local, provincial, national or international level’. Furthermore, it is not necessary that only gazetted physical cultural resources need

to be protected – their significance can also be established by experts.

Table 6.1: Associated Facilities next to KGA ground to be impacted

S.No. Structures Type Size Sq.ft

1 Pavilion Concrete 3,204

2 Office Block Concrete 282

3 Canteen Concrete 178

4 Gymnasium Concrete 1977

5 Tennis Court Open Hard

Surface

351

6 Store Room Concrete 132

Mitigation measures

197. During the detailed design phase, all potential alternatives, both in terms of

technology as well as location specific aspects need to be considered and all

efforts need to be made to avoid demolition of the associated facilities as far as

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 58 | P a g e

possible. As part of the review process, the relevant key stakeholders must also be

engaged to find a suitable alternative strategy to prevent demolition of the existing

associated facilities.

Relocation of Utilities

Impacts

198. The project will require demolishing and relocating some of the structures at the

KGA ground site such as the pavilion and other existing buildings on the premises,

water supply pipes, drainage structures etc. Temporary suspension of services

(planned or accidental) can affect the economy, industries, businesses and

residents’ daily lives.

Mitigation measures

199. TMTD, as the implementing agency, will be responsible for ensuring all permits and

clearances are obtained prior to commencement of work at the project site. In

addition, TMTD will ensure that detailed contingency plans are prepared prior to

commencement of construction activities at the project site to mitigate any potential

impacts resulting from outage of utilities.

200. Contractors will assess construction locations in advance for potential disruption to

services and identify risks prior to starting construction. Any damage or

hindrance/disadvantage to local businesses caused by the premature removal or

insufficient replacement of public utilities is subject to full compensation, at the full

liability of the contractor who caused the problem.

201. If temporary disruption is unavoidable, the contractor will, in collaboration with

relevant local authorities such as power company, water supply company and

communication company, develop a plan to minimize the disruption and

communicate the dates and duration in advance to the affected persons.

202. Communities shall be informed in advance regarding storage of water when their

utilities are about to be relocated. Also, water pipes located/crossing through the

project site may be moved slightly away or provision of service duct may be

considered.

203. Construction billboards, which include construction contents, schedule, responsible

person and complaint phone number, will be erected at each construction site.

204. In case any material(s) is encountered that contains asbestos, it must be ensured

that international best practices/established protocols related to handling of

asbestos based materials are followed since no national regulations on handling

asbestos materials exist.

Identification of Locations for Labor Camps and ancillary facilities

Impacts


205. The duration of the construction activity for the proposed project is expected to be

12 months and a considerable amount of work force will be engaged. As a result,

worker camps will need to be developed and ancillary facilities will need to be

provided such as electricity, washrooms for labor with suitable effluent and sewage

disposal facilities as well as water for their everyday use for drinking and bathing

etc.

Mitigation measures

206. In order to prevent a nuisance, specific locations shall be designated near the

proposed project site for development of the labor camp(s). All necessary facilities

and amenities shall be provided in these camps such as electricity, sufficient supply

of water, solid and liquid effluent waste disposal facilities etc.

207. The use of proper planning while identifying locations for the labor camps will

ensure there is minimal disturbance to key receptors in the project area and the

traffic is not disrupted by labor camps being set up next to the construction site.

Development of Traffic Management Plan

Impacts

208. The construction related traffic for the development of the proposed Staging facility

will use the existing traffic routes being presently used by the BRT Green line.

Furthermore, due to the ongoing works for the BRT Green line, a large area has

already been cordoned off with no traffic permitted.

209. However, there is a possibility that new traffic routes for the construction related

traffic might need to be developed from an economic efficiency standpoint and in

order to save time.

Mitigation measures

210. The traffic management plan shall be prepared by the Contractor for

implementation prior to commencement of the project construction activity. The

main objectives of the plan shall be to maximize the safety of the workforce and the

travelling public while keeping the traffic flowing as freely as possible.

211. The detailed traffic plan shall ensure that traffic is diverted to alternate routes

wherever possible and will minimize traffic jams and bottlenecks near the project

site and also minimize the chances of traffic related accidents.

212. The plan will include consideration of the following:

▪ Lane availability and minimization of traffic flows past the works site

▪ Establishment of acceptable working hours and constraints


▪ Agreement on time scale for works and establishment of traffic flow/delay

requirements

▪ Acceptability of diversion routes where necessary

▪ Need for road closures and necessary orders

▪ Co-ordination with other planned road and street works

▪ Establishment of incident management system for duration of the works

The plan shall be approved by TMTD and necessary resources will be provided to

implement the plan with the involvement of the traffic police. An indicative traffic

management plan is provided as Annexure K.

6.2 Construction Phase

213. The screening of potential impacts during the Construction phase are provided in

Table 6.2 below.

Table 6.2: Screening of Possible Impacts during Construction Phase

S/No. Environmental Aspect

Potential Issue

from

Environmental

Aspect

Potential of

Impact Mitigation Measures

1 Traffic Management Vehicle

movement and

possibility of

traffic

congestion on

the roads

leading to the

project site

Major negative

impact

Traffic management plan to

be prepared beforehand by

Contractor and implemented

during construction work

2 Air Quality Dust emissions

from site

preparation,

excavation,

material

handling & other

construction

activities at site.

Major negative

impact

Dust emissions

expected at

work site and at

the residential

settlements

around the site.

However, minor

and short-term

impact expected

Regular water sprinkling on

the exposed surfaces to

reduce dust emissions and

proper maintenance of all

equipment at regular

intervals to minimize impact

of exhaust emissions


which will be

temporary in

nature,

particularly

since the wind

direction in

Karachi will

divert any dust

away from

majority of the

residential

settlements.

3 Noise Levels Noise generated

from

construction

activities,

operation of

construction

machinery,

equipment and

their movement.

Major negative

impact

Noise levels

expected to

vary during

activity based

upon the nature

of work being

conducted. High

noise levels and

disturbance

expected for

residential

settlements

located adjacent

to KGA ground.

Impact

expected to be

short term in

nature.

Proper noise management

plan to be prepared,

indicating frequency of noise

monitoring and thresholds to

be used.

As part of this plan,

necessary control equipment

and techniques to be applied

to control noise levels and

limit their nuisance effects.

Considering proximity of

residential settlements to the

KGA ground, no works

should be conducted after

evening hours (1800 hours

onwards).

4 Excavated Material

(Earth Works) Disposal

Significant

volumes of

clay/mud shall

be excavated

from the KGA

ground. Unless

a suitable

disposal location

and efficient

transport

mechanism for

Major negative

impact

A detailed Plan for

management and disposal of

Excavated Material must be

developed. This Plan must

identify suitable location(s)

prior to commencement of

excavation works and require

the engaging of experienced

and credible third parties for

transport and disposal of this

material in the most efficient


disposal of this

material is

arranged, it

could result in

major health and

aesthetic issues.

and effective manner without

any logistical or management

delays.

5 Community Health and

Safety

Potential

accidents and

injuries to

communities in

project area

could take place

during

construction

works if required

precautions are

not taken.

Major negative

impact

▪ Buffer strips or other

methods of physical

separation around the

project sites

▪ Siting and safety

engineering criteria shall

be incorporated to prevent

failures

▪ Inventories of hazardous

materials shall be reduced

▪ Safety trainings to

communities

▪ Vehicle speed limit controls

6 Worker Health and

Safety

Injuries to

workers could

talk place if

necessary

training and

proper safety

protocols and

equipment such

as PPEs are not

used by workers

Major negative

impact

▪ Contractor must prepare

health and safety protocols

and submit to ADB for

approval.

▪ Random audits (possible

unannounced) must be

organized by PMU to

check and issue penalties

if non-compliances are

detected.

▪ Trainings to Labor staff

▪ Provision of PPEs

▪ Monitoring of labor staff by

Contractor management

7 Camp Effluent Untreated

disposal of

effluent being

produced from

worker camps

would create a

major health

issue for all

Minor negative

impact

▪ Closed sewage treatment

system will treat the

effluent


residential

settlements in

project area

8 Soil Erosion and

Sedimentation

Construction

works must

protect soil from

erosion and

sedimentation

Minor negative

impact

▪ Sediment ponds must be

developed wherever felt

necessary

▪ Coverage of unpaved

areas must be conducted

9 Soil Contamination No

contamination of

soil due to oils,

hazardous

chemicals etc.

must be

permitted.

Minor negative

impact

▪ Use of spill prevention

trays

▪ Regular inspections

▪ Storage of chemicals etc.

in covered bounded areas

10 Drainage & Storm water

Run off

The storm water

run-off from the

construction site

could carry oil

and grease if the

soil is

contaminated or

the potentially

contaminated

areas.

Minor negative

impact

▪ Compacting of all unpaved

exposed surfaces

▪ Natural drainage must not

be hampered or blocked

11 Hazardous and Non-

hazardous waste

management

Both hazardous

and non-

hazardous

waste must be

managed in the

most

environmentally

sustainable

manner.

Minor negative

impact

▪ Waste management plan

to be developed

▪ Periodic on-site audits of

waste management

▪ Records of all waste

generated

12 Historical/Archaeological

Sites

Damage to

relics could take

place if ‘Chance

Find’ procedures

not adopted.

Minor negative

impact

Any archaeological finds

during works must require

stopped of works and use of

‘Chance Find’ procedures.

13 Vegetation and Wildlife Trapping of

animals and/or

Minor negative ▪ Prohibit willful trapping and

killing of animals


Loss damage to

vegetation could

take place

impact ▪ Prevent burning of

vegetation for fuel

14 Employment Conflicts Staff to be

engaged for the

project may

engage in

conflicts.

Minor negative

impact

▪ Transparent hiring policy

▪ Balanced process of hiring

15 Communicable diseases Lack of

sanitation

arrangements

and hygiene

could lead to

spread of

diseases.

Minor negative

impact

Communicable diseases

prevention program will be

prepared

16 Loss of access around

project site

It is currently

not foreseen

that there will

be any access

restriction

since the

western front of

the proposed

KGA ground is

already closed

off due to the

KBRT – Green

Line works and

this access

way will be

used for all

project works.

The residential

settlements on

the remaining

faces of the

site will not be

disturbed.

Minor negative

impact

The Contractor shall ensure

that:

▪ The existing western face,

presently being used for the

Green Line BRT works will

only be used for all

construction works. No

other access way will be

used, thus ensuring the

residential settlements

located on the other faces

of the project site are not

disturbed.

Traffic Management

Impacts


214. The efficient management of traffic once the construction activity commences will

be critical in order to minimize the risk of possible road accidents and construction

related hazards.

Mitigation measures

215. Traffic signs and warning instructions shall be displayed at the sites and along the

proposed routes being used by the construction traffic for the information of other

road traffic as well.

216. Public awareness campaigns through radio and newspaper advertisements shall

be conducted to educate the public and sensitize them to cooperate with the

construction staff and project focal staff in order to try and avoid the areas under

construction as far as possible, particularly during the peak times when traffic

volumes and pedestrian movement is the highest.

217. The potential risks of accidents to pedestrians and commuters while in the

immediate vicinity of construction sites shall be conveyed to them in order to

educate them and gain their cooperation and minimize the risk of accidents.

218. Employ flag persons to control traffic at the work sites for safety reasons when

construction equipment is entering or leaving the work area.

219. Provide sufficient lighting at night within and in the vicinity of construction sites.

220. Regularly monitor traffic conditions along access roads to ensure that project

vehicles are not causing congestion.

221. Define and observe schedules for different types of construction traffic trips (e.g.,

transport of pre-cast sections, haulage of spoils, delivery of construction materials,

etc.).

222. As much as possible, schedule delivery of construction materials and equipment as

well as transport of spoils during non-peak hours.

223. Avoid movements of noisy vehicles during night time in vicinity of the residential

settlements.

224. Implement suitable safety measures to minimize risk of adverse interactions

between construction works and traffic flows through provision of temporary signals

or flag controls, adequate lighting, fencing, signage and road diversions.

225. Ensure relocation of any affected public transport infrastructure (but stops, shelters

etc.) prior to commencement of works.

226. Provide advance notification to the community regarding changes to public

transport facilities or routes.


227. Comply with traffic regulations and avoid, where possible, roads with the highest

traffic volumes, high density of sensitive receivers or capacity constraints are not

used as access to and from the construction areas and spoil disposal sites.

228. Install temporary accesses to properties affected by disruption to their permanent

accesses.

229. Reinstate good quality permanent accesses following completion of construction.

Air Quality

Impacts

230. Additional sources of dust from construction of the proposed Staging facility and

from general handling of materials are likely to create significant additional impacts,

particularly where the works are close to the residential settlements, located around

the project site.

231. Potential sources of particulate matter emission during construction activities

include earthworks (dirt or debris pushing and grading), exposed surfaces, exposed

storage piles, truck dumping, hauling, vehicle movement on unpaved roads,

combustion of liquid fuel in equipment and vehicles, land excavation, and concrete

mixing and batching.

232. Vehicles carrying construction material are expected to result in increased SPM

levels near the haul roads. This can be of potential importance if the vehicles pass

through the areas with a high concentration of sensitive receptors such as the

residential settlements located around the project site.

233. At the construction yard, the dust levels are also expected to increase due to

unloading of construction materials. It shall be ensured that most of the excavated

material will be used within the project, with minimal cut and fill material to come

from outside the site.

234. The quantity of dust that will be generated on a particular day will depend on the

magnitude and nature of activity and the atmospheric conditions prevailing on the

day. Due to the uncertainty in values of these parameters, it is not possible to

calculate the quantity from a ‘bottom-up’ approach, that is, from adding PM10

emissions from every activity on the construction site separately. Typical and worst-

case PM10 emissions from construction sites have been estimated2 as

0.27 megagram per hectare per month of activity (Mg/ha-month) and 1.04 Mg/ha-

month, respectively.

235. As can be seen in Figure 6.1 below, the predominant wind direction in Karachi city

is quite favor in the context of our project setting and any dust emissions will blow

away from the majority of the residential settlements located next to the project site.

2 Gaffney, G. and Shimp, D. 1997. Improving PM10 Fugitive Dust Emission Inventories. Sacramento, CA.

California Air Resource Board. <www.arb.ca.gov/emisinv/pubs/pm10tmp.pdf>


Fugitive Dust Control

236. The source wise fugitive control measures are provided in Table 6.3 below.

Table 6.3: Control measures for Fugitive Dust emissions

Source Control Measures

Earth Moving For any earth moving that is to take place in the immediate vicinity

from the site boundary, watering must be conducted as required to

prevent visible dust emissions

Disturbed

Surface Areas

Apply dust suppression measures (clear vegetation only from areas

where work is to commence, plant or mulch areas that will not receive

traffic, construct artificial wind breaks or wind screens) frequently to

maintain a stabilized surface.

Areas that cannot be stabilized, such as wind driven dust, must have

an application of water at least twice a day.

Inactive

Disturbed

Surface Areas

Apply dust suppressants (clear vegetation only from areas where

work is to commence, plant or mulch areas that will not receive traffic,

construct artificial wind breaks or wind screens) in sufficient quantity

and frequency to maintain a stabilized surface

Unpaved Roads Water all roads used for any vehicular traffic at least twice per day

during active operations and restrict vehicle speed to 20 kmph.

Open Storage

Piles

Apply water to at least 80 percent of the surface areas of all open

storage piles on a daily basis when there is evidence of wind driven

fugitive dust or install an enclosure all along the storage piles

Track-out

Control

Wash down of construction vehicles (particularly tires) prior to

departure from site.


Figure 6-1: Predominant Wind Direction & Expected Impact from Dust Emissions from Construction Site


Mitigation measures

237. A wide variety of options exist to control emissions from construction sites. The

most effective means of reducing the dust emission is wet suppression. Watering

exposed surfaces and soil with adequate frequency to keep soil moist at all times

can reduce the total dust emission from the project by as much as 75%.3 This

measure alone can bring down the dust level to less than 100 μg/m3.

Water can be sprinkled by handheld sprays or with the help of automatic sprinkler

systems as required.

238. In case surplus water is not available to suppress dust at certain locations, it is

recommended that if works are within 10 meters of the residential settlements, the

contractor shall install segregation that will be easily erectable 2.5 meter high

hoarding /fiber boards and/or steel sheets to make protection fences around the

construction site within which all construction works can take place.

239. The need for large stockpiles shall be minimized by careful planning of the supply

of materials from controlled sources. Stockpiles should not be located within 50 m

of the residential settlements, schools or hospitals or other public amenities and

shall be covered with tarpaulins when not in use and at the end of the working day

to enclose dust. If large stockpiles (>25m3) of crushed materials are necessary,

they should be enclosed with side barriers and also covered when not in use.

240. Construction materials that are susceptible to dust formation will be transported

only in securely covered trucks to prevent dust emission during transportation.

241. Aggregate material will be delivered to the batching plant in a damp condition, and

water sprays will be applied, if needed, to reduce dust emissions.

242. A minimum distance of 300 meters will be ensured between the batching plant(s)

and the nearest community.

Vehicular & Equipment Emissions

243. It shall be ensured that the following measures are taken to control emissions from

vehicles being used in the construction activity:

▪ Periodically check and conduct maintenance of the construction machinery and

haul vehicles.

▪ Regularly change the engine oil and use new engines/machinery/equipment

having good efficiency and fuel burning characteristics.

▪ Use of catalytic converters and low Sulphur fuels.

▪ The stack height of generators will be at least 3 meters above the ground.

▪ Training of the technicians and operators of the construction machinery and

drivers of the vehicles.

▪ Air quality monitoring at the project site during the construction phase.

3 El Dorado County Air Pollution Control District. 2002. Guide to Air Quality Assessment: Determining

Significance of Air Quality Impacts Under the California Environmental Quality Act. First Edition. <http://co.el-dorado.ca.us/emd/apcd>


Noise Levels

Impacts

244. The assessment of the noise impacts on the sensitive receptors located around the

project site depend upon:

▪ Characteristics of noise source (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in

nature)

▪ Time of day at which noise occurs, and

▪ Location of noise source

245. Each construction phase has its unique noise characteristics due to use of different

equipment items. The potential sources of noise and vibration during the

preparation, construction, and worksite closure phases of the Project include

equipment, machinery, and transportation used for the construction activities. The

heavy equipment used for construction will be the major sources of noise and

vibration. Due to the relative high density of population in the areas adjacent to the

project site, noise-related disturbance to humans is very likely during the various

construction activities. There will be temporary noise impacts in the immediate

vicinity of the project site.

246. The construction activities will include piling along with excavation for foundations

and grading of the site as well as the construction of structures and facilities.

Powered mechanical equipment such as generators, excavators, bulldozers, drills,

graders, vibratory rollers, concrete mixing trucks and back up alarms can generate

significant noise. Impact pile driving creates the highest noise levels by far from any

other construction activities.

247. Since various modern machines are acoustically designed to generate low noise

levels, any high noise levels that might be generated will only be for a short

duration during the construction phase.

248. Depending on the construction equipment used and its distance from the receptors,

the community and the workers may typically be exposed to intermittent and

variable noise levels. During the day, such noise results in general annoyance and

can interfere with sleep during the night. In general, human sound perception is

such that a change in sound level of 3 dB is just noticeable, a change of 5 dB is

clearly noticeable, and a change of 10 dB is perceived as a doubling or halving of

sound level.

249. Due to the various construction activities, there will be temporary noise impacts in

the immediate vicinity of the project site. Crushing plant, asphalt production plants,

movement of heavy vehicles, loading, transportation and unloading of construction

materials produces significant noise during the construction stage. However, these

increased noise levels will prevail only for a short duration during the construction

phase.


250. The Table 6.4 below represents typical noise levels from various construction

equipment items. It should be noted that the values indicated in the table may differ

depending on the brand and age of machinery provided/used by construction

company.

Table 6.4: Construction Equipment Noise Ranges, dB(A)

Equipment Peak Noise

Range at 15 m

Typical Peak Sound

Level in a Work

Cyclea at 15 m

Typical ‘Quieted

Equipment’ Sound

Levelb at 15 m

Construction Phase

Earthworks Structures

Installation

Batching plant 82-86 84 81 Y

Concrete mixers 76-92 85 82 Y

Cranes 70-94 83 80 Y Y

Excavators 74-92 85 82 Y

Impact pilling 95-103 100 n/a Y

Front loader 77-94 85 82 Y Y Y

Water bowsers 85-93 88 85 Y Y Y

Graders 72-92 85 82 Y

Bulldozers 65-95 85 80 Y

Pavers 87-89 88 80 Y

Pumps 68-72 76 75 Y Y Y

Diesel generators 72-82 81 77 Y Y

Vibratory rollers 68-82 74 70 Y

Drilling machines 82-98 90 87 Y Y

Compressors 74-88 81 71 Y

Dumpers 77-96 88 83 Y Y

Dump/flatbed Truck 75-85 80 77 Y Y Y

Sources: USEPA, 1971; http://www.waterrights.ca.gov/EIRD/text/Ch11-Noise.pdf; http://www.lacsd.org/LWRP%202020%20Facilities%20Plan%20DEIR/4_6_Noise.pdf; http://newyorkbiz.com/DSEIS/CH18Construction.pdf

Notes:

a. Where typical value is not cited in literature, mean of the peak noise range is assumed

b. Quieted equipment can be designed with enclosures, mufflers, or other noise-reducing features. Where data is not available, a 3 dB reduction is assumed

251. Precise information on the type, quantity, location and utilisation of plant and

equipment to be used during the construction phase is not available at this stage

and will be dependent on the working methods of the selected contractors.

However, preliminary calculations have been conducted to provide a general

magnitude of the noise levels during various construction phases.


Mitigation measures

252. The following are examples of typical noise mitigation measures that can be

utilized:

▪ Unnecessary revving of engines will be avoided and equipment will be switched

off when not in use;

▪ Install temporary noise barriers made of plywood or acoustical blankets around

noisy operation where necessary to comply with project noise limits;

▪ Internal haul routes will be kept well maintained;

▪ Drop heights of materials will be minimised;

▪ Plant and vehicles will be sequentially started up rather than all together;

▪ Use of effective exhaust silence systems or acoustic engine covers as

appropriate;

▪ As far as reasonably practicable, sources of significant noise will be enclosed;

▪ Plant will always be used in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions. Care will be taken to site equipment away from noise-sensitive areas. Where possible,

loading and unloading will also be carried out away from such areas;

▪ Regular and effective maintenance by trained personnel will be undertaken to

keep plant and equipment working to manufacturers specifications; and

▪ Screening e.g. noise barriers and blinds will be used as appropriate.

▪ Record and respond to complaints according to the established grievance redress

mechanism.

▪ Keep nearby residences informed in advance about noisy activities during various

construction phases.

253. In addition to the mitigation measures listed above, the following mitigation

measures control noise:

▪ Vehicles and mechanical plants used for the purpose of the works shall be fitted

with effective exhaust silencers, maintained in good and efficient working order

and operated in such a manner as to minimise noise emissions. The construction

contractor shall ensure that all plant complies with the relevant statutory

requirements;

▪ Machines in intermittent use should be shut down or throttled down to a minimum

when not in use;

▪ Compressors should be fitted with properly lined and sealed acoustic covers which

should be kept closed whenever in use. Pneumatic percussive tools should be

fitted with mufflers or silencers of the type recommended by the manufacturers;

▪ Equipment which breaks concrete, brickwork or masonry by bending or bursting or

"nibbling" shall be used in preference to percussive tools. Where possible, avoid

the use of impact tools where the construction works is close to occupied

premises;

▪ Rotary drills and busters activated by hydraulic, chemical or electrical power shall

be used for excavating hard or extrusive material;

▪ Equipment powered by mains electricity shall be used in preference to equipment

powered by internal combustion engine or locally generated electricity;

▪ Neither any part of the works nor any maintenance of plant shall be carried out in

such a manner as to cause unnecessary noise except in the case of an


emergency when the work is absolutely necessary for the saving of life or property

or the safety of the works;

▪ Plant shall be maintained in good working order so that extraneous noise from

mechanical vibration, creaking and squeaking is kept to a minimum; and

▪ Noise emitting machinery which is required to run continuously shall be housed in

a suitable acoustically lined enclosure.

▪ Train staff in construction best practice.

▪ Construction operation times shall be limited to 07:00 to 22:00 daily

▪ Perform independent periodic noise monitoring to demonstrate compliance with

project noise limits.

254. Acoustic screening can be used to mitigate noise levels. BS5228-1 states: “In the absence of spectral data, as a working approximation, if there is a barrier or other

topographic feature between the source and receiving position, assume an

approximate attenuation of 5 dB when the top of the plant is just visible to the

receiver over the noise barrier, and of 10 dB when the noise screen completely

hides the sources from the receiver. High topographical features and specifically

designed and positioned noise barriers could provide greater attenuation. Subtract

the attenuation from the value Leq,T calculated at the point of interest. Where the

point of interest is 1m from the façade of the building, make an allowance for

reflection by adding 3 dB to the calculated (free-field) levels.”

255. A 10 dB reduction can be achieved if the noise source completely hides the source

from receiver. Therefore, where necessary, noise barriers/acoustic screening that

will completely hide the source from the receiver will be implemented, providing 10

dB reduction in noise levels generated by the construction task. This will help to

reduce the impact experienced at the nearby receptor.

Excavated Material (Earthworks) Disposal

Impacts

256. Significant volumes of clay/mud shall be excavated from the KGA ground. Unless a

suitable disposal location and efficient transport mechanism for disposal of this

material is arranged, it could potentially result in major health and aesthetics

issues.

Mitigation measures

257. A detailed Plan for management and disposal of Excavated Material must be

developed. This Plan must identify suitable location(s) prior to commencement of

excavation works and require the engaging of experienced and credible third

parties for transport and disposal of this material in the most efficient and effective

manner without any logistical or management delays.

Community Health and Safety

Impacts


258. The proposed project will involve the use of considerable heavy machinery and the

excavation of a significantly deep and wide pit. The risk to community will be

significant considering the proximity of the residential settlements to the project site

and thus a number of precautionary measures will be necessary to minimize the

risk of possible accidents.

Mitigation measures

259. Buffer strips or other methods of physical separation around the project sites shall

be ensured to protect the public from major hazards associated with hazardous

materials incidents or failure of the structure being constructed. In addition,

nuisance issues related to noise, odors or other emissions would also be avoided

as a result.

260. Siting and safety engineering criteria shall be incorporated to prevent failures due

to natural risks posed by earthquakes, wind, flooding, landslides and fire. To

prevent such issues, project structures shall be designed in accordance with

engineering and design criteria mandated by site specific risks, included but not

limited to seismic activity, slope stability, wind loading etc.

261. Inventories of hazardous materials shall be reduced through inventory

management to greatly reduce or eliminate the potential off-site consequences of a

release.

262. Process or storage conditions shall be modified to reduce the potential

consequences of an accidental off-site release.

263. Improving of shut down and secondary containment to reduce the amount of

material escaping from containment and to reduce the release duration.

264. Reduce the probability that releases will occur through improved site operations

and control, and through improvements in maintenance and inspection.

265. Reduce off-site impacts of releases through measures intended to contain

explosions and fires, alert the public, provide for evacuation of surrounding areas,

establish safety zones around each work site, and ensure the provision of

emergency medical services to the public.

266. Work areas outside the project site, especially where machinery is involved will be

roped off and will be constantly monitored to ensure that local residents, particularly

children stay away. Also, no machinery will be left unattended, particularly in

running condition.

267. Community will be briefed on traffic safety, especially women who are the main

care providers to children.


268. Speed limit of 20 km/hr will be maintained by all project related vehicles on the

section of the roads and passages adjacent to the houses near the project

boundary and nighttime driving of project vehicles will be limited where possible.

Worker Health and Safety

Impacts

269. The project construction activity will be conducted in a thickly populated area with

high volumes of pedestrians and vehicular traffic. The risk of accidents taking place

will be high, particularly from falling objects during work being conducted on

elevated structures, falling of beams and metal rods as well as the potential of

accidents of vehicles with construction machinery.

270. The general track record of Contractors in the country with regards to following

safety protocols during construction work is not very impressive with safety

precautions mostly felt to be an impediment to fast pace of work.

Mitigation measures

271. Keeping in view the significant risk posed by the construction work to the

surrounding commuters and pedestrians, it shall be ensured that the Contractor

provides his staff with a provided detailed orientation on the safety protocols to be

followed at all times during the construction work to minimize the risk of accidents.

272. The Contractor shall provide bi-monthly refresher sessions to his staff on the safety

precautions to be followed during the construction activity.

273. The Contractor will closely monitor his staff at all times and will take strict action

against any non-compliance with these protocols and will ensure at all times that

the safety of the commuters and traffic in the vicinity of the project site are kept a

priority.

Water Resources

Impacts

274. Water shall be used during the project construction in the labor camps for the

everyday use of the laborers for cooking, drinking and bathing etc. Also, water shall

be used at the sites in the project area for sprinkling to suppress dust emissions. In

addition, water shall also be used during the construction activity itself for mixing of

gravel in the batching plant etc.

275. Water is available in sufficient quantities in the project area and will be sourced

either through pipes taken from the nearest municipal connection or through

bowzers that shall be brought to the project area. If felt necessary, temporary bore

wells will be dug and will be restored to their original condition once the

construction activity has been completed.


276. Even though there is no issue with water availability and the project construction

will only be requiring limited quantities of water that will be easily manageable,

however, it shall be ensured through monitoring that wastage of water is prevented

both at the project sites as well as at the labor camps.

Mitigation measures

No measures required.

Camp & Batching plant effluent

Impacts

277. The staff and labor camps for the construction of the proposed Staging facility will

be a source of wastewater generated from the toilets, washrooms and the kitchen.

The wastewater will not meet the national environmental standards and will

therefore need treatment prior to disposal.

278. The project site where construction is being conducted must not be treated by the

project staff and/or labor as a public toilet or for disposal of camp effluent.

Mitigation measures

279. It will be ensured that no untreated effluent is released to the environment.

280. A closed sewage treatment system will treat the effluent, which will then be

disposed of in a soak pit or will be used for plantation. The sewage treatment plants

will be installed at each respective labor camp based on the number of laborers

residing at the respective camp.

281. Water being released from any batching plant(s) must be treated as per

requirements of SEQS prior to release to sewerage system/any other water body.

Soil Erosion and Sedimentation

Impacts

282. The majority of the works proposed will consist of earth works and thus there will

be a high possibility of soil erosion and sedimentation taking place if the exposed

soil surfaces are not protected.

Mitigation measures

283. Any drainage structures, culverts or pipes crossing the project site may need to be

modified or protected and the detailed designs must make provisions to protect or

re-provision all infrastructure that may be affected by the construction works.

Soil Contamination

Impacts


284. During the project construction, spills of fuel, lubricants and chemicals can take

place while transferring from one container to another or during refueling. Also,

during maintenance of equipment and vehicles, through leakages from equipment

and containers and as a result of traffic accidents.

285. Depending on the nature of the material, location of spill and quantity of spill, the

soil can get contaminated.

Mitigation measures

286. It will be ensured that spill prevention trays are provided and used during refueling.

Also, on-site maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment will be avoided

as far as possible. In case on-site maintenance is unavoidable, tarpaulin or other

impermeable material will be spread on the ground to prevent contamination of soil.

287. Regular inspections will be carried out to detect leakages in construction vehicles

and equipment and all vehicles will be washed in external commercial facilities.

288. Fuels, lubricants and chemicals will be stored in covered bounded areas, underlain

with impervious lining. Appropriate arrangements, including shovels, plastic bags

and absorbent materials will be available near fuel and oil storage areas.

Drainage and Storm Water Run-off

Impacts

289. The storm water run-off from the construction site could carry oil and grease if the

soil is contaminated or the potentially contaminated areas (oil and grease storage

areas, maintenance areas and workshops) are in hydrological contact with the

surrounding areas. Any risk may be eliminated by taking measures to avoid

spillages and taking immediate remedial measures in case of accidental spillage of

oil.

Mitigation measures

290. All unpaved exposed areas at the project sites will be compacted to minimize water

erosion and all areas containing potentially hazardous materials will be

hydrologically isolated from the remaining site.

291. It shall be ensured that natural drainage is not hampered or blocked in any way at

any of the sites.

Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Waste Management

Impacts

292. In the absence of national or domestic regulations and a waste management

system in the project area, waste disposal can potentially become a serious


environmental issue, particularly with the local contractors. To avoid any potential

issue, the project proponent will have to impose adequate internal controls.

Mitigation measures

293. A waste management plan will be developed prior to the start of construction. This

plan will cater to sorting of hazardous and non-hazardous materials prior to

disposal, placing of waste bins at the sites in the project area for waste disposal

and an onsite hazardous waste storage facility.

294. Periodic on-site audits of waste management will be undertaken along with auditing

of waste disposal contractors and disposal facilities on regular basis to check that

procedures are being followed.

295. Records of all waste generated during the construction period will be maintained.

Quantities of waste disposed, recycled or reused will be logged on a Waste

Tracking Register.

296. Licensed waste contractors will be engaged to dispose off all non-hazardous waste

material that cannot be recycled or reused.

297. Training will be provided to personnel for identification, segregation and

management of waste.

Historical/Archaeological Sites

Impacts

298. There are no historical buildings and/or monuments at the project site.

Mitigation measures

299. If evidence of any archaeological remains is found during the construction

activities, the excavation work will be stopped immediately and necessary next

steps taken to identify the archaeological discovery based on the ‘Chance Find’ procedures provided as Annexure H.

Vegetation and Wildlife Loss

Impacts

300. The proposed project site is an existing cricket ground with minimal or non-existent

vegetation cover. However, during construction, any vegetation cover present will

be removed.

301. The impact of project activities on the wildlife in the area is likely to be insignificant

as the area has a long area of human occupation, to which most of the animal

species have adapted over time.

Mitigation measures


302. Wherever trees have to be felled, mitigation will be required in the form of

reinstatement and compensatory planting.

303. In case existing trees and topsoil (down to 0.5 meters) is removed, the top soil shall

be retained for elsewhere in the project. The wood that would be cut will not be

burnt on site. All stumps and surplus vegetation shall be disposed of at landfills via

routes or other destinations as designated and instructed by TMTD focal points.

304. It will be ensured that willful killing; trapping and trade of faunal species will be

strictly prohibited.

305. Tree plantation will be undertaken at the project site to compensate for the

vegetation lost during construction in the minimum ratio of 3:1 i.e. 3 saplings to be

planted for every tree felled given the possible difficulties with establishing trees

and low survival rates of young trees.

306. Burning of vegetation as fuel will be prohibited.

Employment Conflicts

Impacts

307. The proposed project is not likely to create any significant permanent job

opportunities. Even unskilled and semi-skilled employment opportunities that are

likely to be created will be for a short period while the project is constructed. As

persons with relevant skills may be available locally within Karachi, people from the

project area are likely to fill a significant number of the semi-skilled and skilled jobs.

308. This issue of provision of jobs can become particularly problematic if it is perceived

by the local population that a significant number of construction-related jobs

opportunities are not given to people from the local community. This can result in

friction between local residents and construction workers from outside of the

community.

Mitigation measures

309. The Construction Contractor will adopt a transparent hiring policy. Prior to the

commencement of the construction activity, the local communities in the project

area will be informed of the employment policy in place and number of people that

can be employed for this project.

310. It will be ensured that maximum number of unskilled and semi-skilled jobs will be

provided to the residents of Karachi city.

311. TMTD will ensure a balanced process of employment of the communities in the

project area with preference given to those most directly affected by the project.


Communicable Diseases

Impacts

312. Communicable diseases such as HIV may be introduced due to the immigration of

workers associated with the project.

Mitigation measures

313. A communicable diseases prevention program will be prepared for construction

workers or residents near the construction sites.

Loss of Access around Project Site

Impacts

314. It is currently not foreseen that there will be any access restriction since the

western front of the proposed KGA ground is already closed off due to the KBRT –

Green Line works and this access way will be used for all project works. The

residential settlements on the remaining faces of the site will not be disturbed.

Mitigation measures

315. The Contractor shall ensure that:

▪ The existing western face, presently being used for the Green Line BRT works

will only be used for all construction works. No other access way will be used,

thus ensuring the residential settlements located on the other faces of the project

site are not disturbed.

Land Use and Aesthetics

Impacts

316. The proposed staging facility will build on the existing road with a minor change in

the land use pattern of the area. Aesthetic and visual impacts during the

construction phase will be visible in the project area and particularly in areas that

are congested. However, the construction of the Staging facility and BRT system in

general will have a positive impact on the urban aesthetics and architectural beauty

they will bring to the city’s real estate line. The construction of BRT related infrastructure will add structural beauty and value to the city.

Mitigation measures

No mitigation measures required.

Natural and Man made Hazards

Impacts


317. Natural disasters include windstorms, floods, earthquakes may be experienced

during the construction phase. However, the likelihood of such events is quite low

and the effect on the project in the case of an occurrence of such a natural calamity

on the health and safety of the workers and affected population can be minimized

by adopting appropriate and adequate mitigation measures.

318. Fire accidents and terrorist/sabotage activities are something that cannot be

predicted or foreseen but can be prepared for by taking precautionary measures

such as training of staff and acquiring extra safety and security measures.

Mitigation measures


6.3 Operation Phase

319. The operation of the Staging facility will involve the movement of modern BRT

buses with low emissions coupled with removal of older buses from the traffic fleet

is expected to deliver some reductions in ambient levels of noise and air pollution.

320. The impacts in the operation phase are critically important since the impacts in the

operation phase of the project are ‘long term’.

321. The summary of potential impacts during the Operation phase are provided in

Table 6.5 below.

Table 6.5: Summary of Possible Impacts during Operation Phase

S/No. Environmental

Aspect

Potential Issue from

Environmental Aspect Potential of Impact Mitigation Measures

1 Ambient Air

Quality

Particulate and gaseous

emissions from buses

The newer buses

running on CNG

are expected to be

more efficient and

emit fewer

pollutants

compared to the

existing public

transport vehicles,

which are quite old

and mostly run on

diesel.

No negative

impacts. However,

vehicle maintenance

and emission

controls to be

conducted in the

long term to protect

air quality

2 Noise Levels Noise resulting from

movement of buses

The newer buses

are expected to

produce lesser

noise due to

No negative

impacts.


quieter and more

efficient engines

compared to the

existing public

transport fleet,

which is old and

quite noisy due to

inefficient diesel

engines.

3 Solid Waste

Disposal

The operation of the Staging

facility along with the BRT

buses will result in domestic

garbage being generated

from stations and buses.

Large volumes of

solid waste being

generated and

leading to pollution

in the city

Waste collection and

management plan

must be in place and

implemented.

4 Land

contamination

Accidental fuel and material

spills

No negative impact

expected.

Proper waste

management plan

and spill response

plan to be

implemented

5 Socio-

economy

Increased job opportunities

Improvement of

infrastructure facilities

Wider economic growth

Reduced health risk and

accidental hazards

Overall positive

impact expected

and socio-

economic

conditions of region

can improve

Project sustainability

must be ensured

through regular and

proper maintenance

of infrastructure.

Air Quality

Impacts

322. There is strong evidence from different BRT projects (including Staging facilities

that are part of the BRT systems) implemented across the world to suggest that a

significant improvement in air quality in the project area can be expected once the

proposed project is operational. The concentrations of key pollutants such as CO,

NOx, PM10 and PM2.5 have been observed to be reduced significantly. This is

attributed to a number of reasons such as reduced traffic congestion on the roads

with a larger number of persons using the BRT and the avoidance of traffic jams

ensuring the idling times for vehicles is significantly reduced.

Mitigation measures


323. Regular maintenance of BRT buses shall be conducted and optimal engine

efficiency shall be ensured through use of high quality fuel.

324. Regular monitoring will be conducted of the PM levels. Any sections in the project

area of the Staging facility where PM levels are found to be increasing shall be

closely examined and potential sources of PM shall be identified and customized

mitigation measures developed to reduce PM levels at that particular section.

325. Buses and all mechanical equipment such as generators shall undergo regular

maintenance and shall be tuned to maintain engine efficiency and minimize

emissions in compliance of NEQS limits.

326. Stack height of generators (if any) will be at least 3 meters above the ground.

Noise Levels

Impacts

327. Results of the noise analysis conducted for the proposed BRT systems indicate

that there would be drop of almost 20 dB in the daytime traffic noise levels for the

areas where there will be only BRT buses. This is a substantial reduction in the

noise levels. There would be almost no traffic noise during the night hours where

roadway is dedicated to the BRT buses only when there would no buses. Thus, this

means that in the vicinity of the Staging facility as well, there would be an overall

reduction in noise levels.

Mitigation measures

328. No noise mitigation measures are needed because future peak hour average traffic

noise levels would not be more than the existing noise levels.

329. BRT buses and all mechanical equipment shall be regularly maintained to ensure

compliance with NEQS limits for noise.

330. Strict protocols for driving into and out of the Staging facility shall be followed and

honking shall not be allowed and pre-set speed limits shall be followed.

Solid Waste disposal

Impacts

331. The operation of the Staging facility and the BRT buses will result in domestic

garbage being generated from stations and buses consisting of dinner boxes,

aluminium cans, plastic bottles, tissue paper/paper, newspapers, nutshells and

food waste.

Mitigation measures


332. A proper solid waste management plan will be prepared and implemented to

ensure waste containment, collection, transfer and disposal. Also, monitoring will

be conducted at specific locations in the vicinity of the Staging facility to ensure

strict compliance with the EMP in implementing the measures for solid waste

management.

Land Contamination

Impacts

333. Accidental fuel and material spills could take place from the different BRT buses

visiting the Staging facility on a daily basis.

Mitigation measures

334. Proper waste management plan and spill response plan will need to be

implemented.

Socioeconomic

Impacts

335. The operational phase of the Staging facility will contribute to the local economy by

providing job opportunities to the residents of Karachi. These benefits will increase

the socio-economic status of the region and the overall impact will bring about a

positive change.

Improvement of Infrastructure Facilities

336. The development of the proposed project will also create and improve the

amenities/ services such as power, road infrastructure, communication etc. and

thus improve the overall living conditions for the residents of Karachi.

Economic Growth

337. The proposed project will increase the economic activities around the area,

creating avenues for direct/indirect employment in the post project period.

338. A wider economic impact is expected in terms of generating opportunities for other

businesses linked to the proposed project such as marketing, repair and

maintenance tasks etc.

Mitigation measures


6.4 Cumulative Impacts

339. The construction works for the BRT – Green Line are presently ongoing along the

entire western face of the proposed KGA ground. The ongoing activities consist of


major earthworks in order to develop the Numaish station and BRT corridor. However,

considering the progress and completion status of these existing activities, they will

have already been completed by the time the proposed Staging Facility related

construction works would commence. Thus, no cumulative impacts are expected.

6.5 Indirect and Induced Impacts

340. The potential impact of development of the proposed Staging facility at the KGA

cricket ground location has been examined, which has indicated that the existing

and planned infrastructure such as water supply, wastewater collection and

treatment, municipal solid waste collection and disposal would be adequate to

accommodate any potential population intake as a result of the proposed project

development. Impacts on the environment from air emissions, traffic and

community noise, and treated effluent discharge have also been assessed and

have found to be acceptable and within the carrying capacities of the environmental

media. Thus, negative indirect and induced impacts from this project are not

expected.

341. Negative indirect and induced impacts from this project are not expected.

Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 86 | P a g e

7 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

7.1 Introduction

342. The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) is developed to

eliminate and/or mitigate the impacts envisaged at the design, construction and

operation stages and provide specific guidelines for long term monitoring by

identifying the roles and responsibilities of TMTD, Supervision Consultant and

Contractor(s).

343. The detailed EMP provided in this section provided as Table 7.1 ensures that the

Project has no detrimental effect on the surrounding environment. The Plan shall

act as a guideline for incorporating environmental measures to be carried out by

the contractors engaged by TMTD, as well as for other parties concerned for

mitigating possible impacts associated with the Project and will form part of the

Contract documents to be considered alongside the specifications. This Plan shall

act as the Environmental Monitoring Plan during construction and operational

phases of the Project, and will allow for prompt implementation of effective

corrective measures.

7.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

344. The EMP attached with this report ensures the following:

▪ Delivery of the prescribed environmental outcomes during all phases of the Project;

▪ Formulating a system for compliance with applicable legislative and non-legislative

requirements and obligations and commitments for the Project;

▪ Ensure that project design process incorporates best practice environmental design

and sustainability principles to minimize potential impacts of construction and

operation on the environment and community.

▪ Ensure that the construction work procedures minimize potential impacts on the

environment and community.

▪ Develop, implement and monitor measures that minimize pollution and optimize

resource use.

7.3 Objectives of EMP

345. The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential impacts of the

project activities, to enhance project benefits and to outline standardized good

practices to be adopted for all project works. The EMP has been prepared with the

objectives of:

▪ Defining the roles and responsibilities of the project proponent for the

implementation of EMP and identifying areas where these roles and

responsibilities can be shared with other parties involved in the execution and

monitoring of the project;

▪ Outlining mitigation measures required for avoiding or minimizing potential

negative impacts assessed by environmental study;

Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (87) 24 July 2019

▪ Developing a monitoring mechanism and identifying requisite monitoring

parameters to confirm effectiveness of the mitigation measures recommended in

the study;

▪ Defining the requirements for communication, documentation, training, monitoring,

management and implementation of the mitigation measures.

7.4 Environmental Management Framework

346. Near term institutional arrangements are needed to monitor contractor performance

in implementing environmental protection measures described in the environmental

management plan (EMP). As earlier stated, enforcement will be under the authority

of the TMTD PIU, with technical support from the CSC. The following sections

describe the environmental management framework for the construction phase.

7.4.1 Roles of TMTD PIU and SMTA

347. Environmental and Social Safeguard specialists are available in PIU and their

services will continue to be required, to oversee safeguards monitoring of the

Project during construction operations. Positions of Environmental and Safety

Officer (ESO) and Equal Opportunity, Gender and Social Specialist (EOGSS) posts

will eventually be needed in the operations group, TransKarachi. In case they are

established in time, the ESO and EOGSS may be guided by specialist consultants

from the CSC during the construction period.

7.4.2 Roles of CSC Consultants during Design/Construction

348. Project Management will be performed by the CSC headed by a full-time Project

Manager/Resident Engineer to take responsibility for and manage activities of the

CSC. The CSC will be responsible for the following in relation to their works: (i)

assisting the PIU in implementing the Project; (ii) carrying out procurement and

engaging and contractors; (iii) liaising and coordinating with the TMTD and other

authorities; (iv) managing the contractors; and (v) liaising with other stakeholders

on the day to day implementation of Project activities. TMTD will receive support

from the CSC to implement the environmental and resettlement plans.

349. Safeguard specialists for environment and resettlement will be part of the CSC to

oversee implementation of the environmental and resettlement plans prior to the

bidding stage to ensure the bidding documents include all environmental

management requirements.

7.4.3 Role of the Contractor

350. The civil works contractor will be responsible for fulfilling contract conditions related

to environmental mitigation and monitoring. The contractor is responsible for

implementing all environmental, health and safety actions described in the EMP

and relevant clauses in the bidding documents and contract during the pre-

construction and construction period.


351. The contractor will prepare the Construction SSEMP based on the site-specific

construction methodologies it proposes to use the EMP in this IEE. The SSEMP

will further develop the EMP and will provide detailed measures on how it will

mitigate impacts, including but not limited to air pollution and noise, traffic, health

and safety risk, drainage and sediment, spoil and solid wastes, hazardous

materials and other impacts identified in the IEE. The CSC acting for the PIU will

review the SSEMP before the commencement of construction. Acceptance does

not preclude introducing further actions into the plans as required by

circumstances, and monitoring will be conducted for compliance with the original

requirements of the EMP contained in the IEE.

352. The contractor will appoint an Environmental Management officer (EMO) and a

Health and Safety Officer (HSO) who will be responsible for implementing the

mitigation measures and specific management plans required under the EMP. Site

inspections will be conducted on a daily and weekly basis to check compliance with

the approved SSEMP and ensure implementation of all health and safety

requirements.

353. The responsibilities of the Contractor include:

▪ Participate in induction on EMP and mitigation measures to be delivered by

CSC and PIU prior to preparation of the SSEMP;

▪ Preparing and submitting the SSEMP to the PIU;

▪ Appointing EMO and HSO, confirming that these positions have been filled

and by whom with the CSC and PIU before construction commences;

▪ Seeking training and support from PIU on any aspects of environmental

management, as required;

▪ Once construction starts, the EMO is responsible for ensuring that the

Contractor complies with the clauses in the contract and bidding documents in

respect of environment, health and safety;

▪ As required, preparing and submitting for approval, appropriate plans (tree

cutting, aggregate extraction, traffic management etc.);

▪ Engaging an Independent Monitoring Group (IMG) to maintain a continuous

(quarterly) monitoring record of ambient environmental parameters;

▪ Engaging an approved service provider to undertake HIV/AIDS briefings and

awareness raising amongst the contractor’s employees and communities, and reporting on the same;

▪ Coordinating with PIU in respect of community consultation i.e. establishing

GRM etc; and


▪ Participating in monitoring and coordinating with PIU to ensure that

environmental management activities are reported in Monthly Progress

Reports as required.

7.4.4 Role of Sindh EPA

354. SEPA will review the statutory environmental assessment. Approval will be

conditional on the proponent providing commitment to implement all mitigation

measures in the environmental assessment and environmental management plan

along with any additional requirements set out in the environmental approval.

355. On-going consultation with SEPA will be required during the construction of the

project. SEPA will be asked to assist in the monitoring of implementation of the

SSEMP and ensure that environmental management and mitigation of the project

is undertaken to an acceptable standard. Periodic inspections will take place with

SEPA, TMTD PIU, CSC and Contractors.

7.5 Environmental Management/Monitoring and Reporting

356. During the construction phase, the overall responsibility for the implementation and

monitoring of the EMP rests with the Project Director (PD). The PD through

assistance from the Supervision Consultant’s Environmental staff and the

Environment team of TMTD, will supervise the implementation of the proposed

mitigation measures and monitor the implementation progress in the field. Monthly

environmental monitoring data/reports will be incorporated in the project

implementation progress reports to be shared with ADB and such monthly reports

will be consolidated into quarterly monitoring reports and submitted to ADB for

review and clearance. Upon clearance, all such reports will be uploaded on the

TMTD and ADB websites.

7.6 Monitoring Parameters

357. The key environmental parameters such as ambient air quality, noise levels, waste

disposal etc. will be monitored at key receptor locations.

358. A monitoring plan for the pre-construction, construction and operation phases of

the project, indicating environmental parameters, frequency, locations and

applicable standards is provided as Tables 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 below. Standards set

under the NEQS guidelines for the key receptors are also provided as Annexure

B.

7.7 Environmental Training

Capacity Building and Training

359. Capacity building and training programs are necessary for TMTD staff in order to

control the negative impacts resulting from the project construction and during its

operation phase. They will also require trainings on monitoring and inspecting of


such a project for environmental impacts and for implementation of mitigation

measures.

360. The details of this capacity building and training program are presented in the

Table 7.4 below.

7.8 Further Additions & Updating of IEE study & EMP

361. This version of the IEE report along with this EMP shall be further updated once the

detailed design is completed and any other details of the proposed staging facility

become available over the coming weeks and months. These revisions shall be

incorporated into any subsequent updated versions of this IEE report and EMP.


Table 7.1: Pre-Construction Monitoring Requirements

Project Activity and Potential Impact

Objective of Monitoring

Parameters to be Monitored

Measurements Location Frequency Responsibility

Relocation of infrastructure (water pipelines, gas pipelines, electric cables etc.)

To ensure no interruption of these services takes place once construction activity commences

Process of relocation of services

Completion of relocation of services to alternate pathways

In project area, wherever relocation of services is necessary

- TMTD

Ambient Air Quality

To establish baseline air quality levels

CO,NOx & PM10 (particulate matter smaller than 10 microns) concentration at receptor level

1-hr and 24-hr concentration levels

At one key receptor location around the project site

Twice in total (Once on a weekday and once on a weekend)

TMTD

Ambient Noise

To establish baseline noise levels

Ambient noise levels A-weighted noise levels –

24 hours, readings taken at 15 s intervals over 15 min. every hour, and then averaged

At one key receptor location around the project site

Twice in total (Once on a weekday and once on a weekend)

TMTD


Table 7.2: Construction Phase Monitoring Requirements





Noise

Disturbance due to noise from construction activity

To determine the effectiveness of noise abatement measures on sound pressure levels

Ambient noise level near key noise sensitive receptor near project site

A-weighted noise levels –


At two key receptor locations near project site

Monthly Contractor’s Environmental officer, TMTD

Air Quality

Dust emissions from construction vehicles and equipment

To determine the effectiveness of dust control program on dust at receptor level

CO,NOx & PM10 (particulate matter smaller than 10 microns) concentration at receptor level

1-hr and 24-hr concentration levels

At two key receptor locations near project site

Monthly Contractor’s Environmental officer, TMTD

Visible dust Visual observation of size of dust clouds, their dispersion and the direction of dispersion

Construction sites Once daily Contractor’s Environmental officer, TMTD

Dust Fall Amount of dust deposition shall be measured

Construction sites Once daily Contractor’s Environmental officer, TMTD

Water Resources

Wastage of water leading to depletion in water resources

To prevent wastage of water during the construction works

Volume of water being used versus its utilization

Visual observations of water being used at project sites and at labor camps

Construction sites and labor camps

Once daily

Contractor’s Environmental officer, TMTD

Landscape scarring at borrow sites

To ensure landscape does not lose its aesthetic value

- Visual inspection Borrow sites Weekly


Soil erosion To ensure soil erosion does not take place

- Visual inspection Borrow sites Weekly Contractor’s Environmental officer, TMTD






Increase in traffic accidents

To minimize risk of traffic accidents

Number of accidents taking place Visual monitoring

Construction sites Once weekly


Delays in traffic management

To ensure traffic movement is efficiently managed

Number of traffic congestion events

Visual inspections

Construction sites

Once weekly Contractor’s

Environmental officer, TMTD

Safety precautions by Safety workers

To prevent accidents for workers and general public

Number of near miss events and accidents taking place

Visual inspections

Construction sites

Once weekly Contractor’s


Soil Contamination To prevent contamination of soil from oil and toxic chemical spills and leakages

Incidents of oil and toxic chemical spills

Visual inspections

At construction sites and at vehicle and machinery refuelling & maintenance areas

Once a month Contractor’s


Solid Waste & Effluent disposal

Insufficient procedures for waste collection, storage, transportation and disposal

To check the availability of waste management system and implementation

Inspection of solid and liquid effluent generation, collection, segregation, storage, recycling and disposal will be undertaken at labor camps and at all work sites in the project area

Visual inspections At labor camps and at work sites

Once daily.

Liquid effluent to be tested on quarterly basis


Protection of Heritage Sites

Destruction of relic or damage to heritage site

To ensure heritage sites are protected and any relic found is recovered without damage

Careful inspections during excavation work in case any relic is discovered

-

At work sites

During excavation work Contractor’s



Table 7.3: Operation Phase Monitoring Requirements





Noise

Disturbance due to noise from operational activity

To determine the effectiveness of noise abatement measures on sound pressure levels

Ambient noise level near receptors in project area

A-weighted noise levels –


At one receptor location near the Staging facility

Bi-annual

O&M Contractor’s Environmental officer, Trans

Karachi

Air Quality

Air pollutants can adversely affect the ambient air quality and impact human health

To ensure air pollutants are not present above the permissible guidelines

Ambient air quality i.e. concentration of pollutant gases in air such as CO, NOX and PM10

Concentration levels of the pollutant gases

At one receptor location near the Staging facility

Bi-annual


Karachi

Solid Waste Management

Domestic garbage from stations and buses

To ensure solid waste is disposed off in an environmentally friendly manner

Amount of solid waste generated and its disposal method

Records of waste generated

On-site audits of waste management

Audits of the waste disposal contractors and waste disposal facilities

Staging Facility

Daily records of waste generated to be maintained. Audits to be conducted monthly.


Karachi


Table 7.4: Capacity Development and Training Programme

Provided by Organized by Contents No. of

training

events

Duration Cost

(PKR)

Pre-construction Phase

Monitoring

Consultants/Organization

s offering specialized

services in environmental

management and

monitoring

Project Director Short seminars and

courses on:

Environmental

Management Plan

and Environmental

Monitoring Plan

Two seminars

for Contractor

management

staff and TMTD

project staff

3 days

each 200,000

Construction Phase

Monitoring



services in social

management and

monitoring

Project Director Short seminars on

Environmental risks

associated with

construction phase.

Development of

Environmental

Performance

Indicators

Occupational Health

and Safety (OHS)

issues

Two seminars

for Contractor

management

staff and TMTD

project staff

dealing in

environment

and social

issues

3 days

each 200,000

Operational Phase

Monitoring



services in Occupational

Health and Safety (OHS)

Issues

Project Director Short seminars

relating to monitoring

of environmental and

social parameters

during operational

phase

Two seminars

for O&M

Contractor and

TMTD staff 3 days

each 200,000

Total 600,000

(PKR 0.6 million)

7.9 Environmental Management Costs

362. The Table 7.5 below provides cost estimates for ‘Pre-Construction phase’ monitoring while Table 7.6 provides cost estimates for ‘Construction phase’ monitoring and Table 7.7 provides the cost estimates for the ‘Operation phase’ monitoring of key environmental parameters.

363. The costs associated with implementation of the EMP and the necessary mitigation

measures are provided as Table 7.8 below. The Table 7.9 below provides the

Environmental management and monitoring plan for the proposed project.


Table 7.5: Annual Cost Estimates for ‘Pre-Construction Phase’ Environmental Monitoring

Monitoring

Component

Parameters Quantity Amount

PKR

Details

Air Quality CO, NOx,

PM10

2 (Twice only at 1

location) 120,000

2 readings @ PKR

60,000 per sample

Noise Levels dB(A)

2 (Twice only at 1

location)

120,000 2 readings @ PKR

60,000 per reading

Contingencies 12,000 5% of monitoring cost

Total (PKR) 252,000

Table 7.6: Annual Cost Estimates for ‘Construction Phase’ Environmental Monitoring

Monitoring

Component


PKR

Details

Air Quality CO, NOx,

PM10

24 (Monthly basis at

2 locations) 1,440,000

24 readings @ PKR

60,000 per sample

Noise Levels dB(A)

24 (Monthly basis

at 2 locations)

1,440,000 24 readings @ PKR

60,000 per reading

Liquid Effluents

Effluent produced

from labor camp and

construction sites

As per NEQS 4 (Quarterly basis

at 1 site)

80,000 4 samples @ PKR

20,000 per sample


Total (PKR) 3,108,000

(3.108 million PKR)

Table 7.7: Annual Cost Estimates for ‘Operation Phase’ Environmental Monitoring

Monitoring

Component


PKR

Details

Air Quality CO, NOx, PM10 2 (Bi-annually at

1 location) 120,000

2 readings @ PKR

60,000 per sample

Noise Levels dB(A) 2 (Bi-annually at

1 location)

120,000 2 readings @ PKR

60,000 per reading


Total (PKR) 252,000

Table 7.8: Estimated Costs for EMP Implementation

Item Sub-Item Estimated Total

Cost (PKR)


Staff, audit and monitoring

cost1

1 person for 12 months

(@ 60,000 per month per staff

member)

720,000

Monitoring Activities Provided separately in Tables 7.5

to 7.7. -

Mitigation Measures As prescribed under EMP and IEE 11,00,000

(i) Water sprinkling To suppress dust emissions 500,000

(ii) Wastewater collection &

Treatment

From labor camps and construction

sites (based on initial estimates) 300,000

(iii) Solid waste collection &

disposal

From labor camps and construction

sites (based on initial estimates) 300,000

Contingencies 5% of EMP implementation cost 55,000

Total Estimated Cost (PKR) 1,875,000

(1.875 million

PKR)

1: To cover staff cost and expenses of Contractor


Table 7.9: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

Environmental Concern

Objectives Mitigation Measures (MM) recommended

Timing to implement MM

Location to implement MM

Responsibility

Implementation Monitoring

Design/Pre-Construction Stage

Avoidance of demolition of Associated Facilities

The associated facilities, even though not listed by Government of Sindh as historical and cultural heritage, possess a rich historical value since they are over 100 years old and their demolition needs to be prevented since it would result in a great cultural and historic loss.

During the detailed design phase, all potential alternatives, both in terms of technology as well as location specific aspects need to be considered and all efforts need to be made to avoid demolition of the associated facilities as far as possible. As part of the review process, the relevant key stakeholders must also be engaged to find a suitable alternative strategy to prevent demolition of the existing associated facilities.

Prior to commencement of construction and demolition activity

Project Area Detailed design consultant

TMTD

Relocation of Utilities

To ensure all utilities are relocated to avoid disruption and inconvenience

1.TMTD, as the

implementing agency,

will be responsible for

ensuring all permits

and clearances are

Prior to commencement of construction and demolition activity

Project Area Respective utility companies

TMTD






Responsibility


to communities and receptors in project area

obtained prior to

commencement of

work at the project

site. In addition, TMTD

will ensure that

detailed contingency

plans are prepared

prior to

commencement of

construction activities

at the project site to

mitigate any potential

impacts resulting from

outage of utilities.

2. Contractors will

assess construction

locations in advance

for potential disruption

to services and

identify risks prior to

starting construction.

Any damage or

hindrance/disadvantag

e to local businesses

caused by the

premature removal or






Responsibility


insufficient

replacement of public

utilities is subject to

full compensation, at

the full liability of the

contractor who caused

the problem.

3. If temporary

disruption is

unavoidable, the

contractor will, in

collaboration with

relevant local

authorities such as

power company,

water supply

company and

communication

company, develop a

plan to minimize the

disruption and

communicate the

dates and duration in

advance to the

affected persons.

4. Communities shall be






Responsibility


informed in advance

regarding storage of

water when their

utilities are about to

be relocated. Also,

water pipes

located/crossing

through the project

site may be moved

slightly away or

provision of service

duct may be

considered.

5. Construction

billboards, which

include construction

contents, schedule,

responsible person

and complaint phone

number, will be

erected at each

construction site.

6. In case any

material(s) is

encountered that

contains asbestos, it






Responsibility


must be ensured that

international best

practices/established

protocols related to

handling of asbestos

based materials are

followed since no

national regulations

on handling asbestos

materials exist.

Locations for Labor Camps

To ensure the labor camps do not pose any adverse impacts on the project area

1. Specific locations will be strategically selected for development of labor camps that contain all necessary facilities.

2. Camp locations will

ensure minimal disturbance to residential settlements next to project site.

Prior to commencement of construction activity

Most suitable locations for labor camps nearest to the project site must be identified

TMTD -

Development of Traffic Management Plan

To minimize possibility of accidents and traffic congestion

1.The traffic management plan shall be prepared by the Contractor for implementation prior

Prior to commencement of construction activity

At all construction sites TMTD -






Responsibility


once construction commences and thus minimize possible nuisance for residents of Karachi

to commencement of the project construction activity. The main objectives of the plan shall be to maximize the safety of the workforce and the travelling public while keeping the traffic flowing as freely as possible.

2.The detailed traffic plan shall ensure that traffic is diverted to alternate routes wherever possible and will minimize traffic jams and bottlenecks near the project site and also minimize the chances of traffic related accidents.

3.The plan will include consideration of the following:

▪ Lane availability

and minimization of

traffic flows past the

works site

▪ Establishment of






Responsibility


acceptable working

hours and

constraints

▪ Agreement on time

scale for works and

establishment of

traffic flow/delay

requirements

▪ Acceptability of

diversion routes

where necessary

▪ Need for road

closures and

necessary orders

▪ Co-ordination with

other planned road

and street works

▪ Establishment of

incident

management

system for duration

of the works






Responsibility


Construction Stage

Traffic Management

Minimize disturbance of vehicular traffic and pedestrians during haulage of construction materials, spoil and equipment and machinery, blocking access roads during works Damage / maintenance problems for roads and bridges used by the haulage trucks, dust nuisance to residences, schools and hospitals.

▪ Traffic signs and

warning instructions

shall be displayed at

the sites and along the

proposed routes being

used by the

construction traffic for

the information of

other road traffic as

well.

▪ Public awareness

campaigns through

radio and newspaper

advertisements shall

be conducted to

educate the public and

sensitize them to

cooperate with the

construction staff and

project focal staff in

order to try and avoid

the areas under

construction as far as

possible, particularly

During Construction Works

The most important locations to be identified and listed. Relevant plans of the Contractor on traffic arrangements to be prepared and available.

Contractor and Engineer

TMTD/CSC






Responsibility


during the peak times

when traffic volumes

and pedestrian

movement is the

highest.

▪ The potential risks of

accidents to

pedestrians and

commuters while in

the immediate vicinity

of construction sites

shall be conveyed to

them in order to

educate them and

gain their cooperation

and minimize the risk

of accidents.

▪ Employ flag persons

to control traffic at the

work sites for safety

reasons when

construction

equipment is entering

or leaving the work

area.






Responsibility


▪ Provide sufficient

lighting at night within

and in the vicinity of

construction sites.

▪ Regularly monitor

traffic conditions along

access roads to

ensure that project

vehicles are not

causing congestion.

▪ Define and observe

schedules for different

types of construction

traffic trips (e.g.,

transport of pre-cast

sections, haulage of

spoils, delivery of

construction materials,

etc.).

▪ As much as possible,

schedule delivery of

construction materials

and equipment as well

as transport of spoils

during non-peak






Responsibility


hours.

▪ Avoid movements of

noisy vehicles during

night time in vicinity of

the residential

settlements.

▪ Implement suitable

safety measures to

minimize risk of

adverse interactions

between construction

works and traffic flows

through provision of

temporary signals or

flag controls, adequate

lighting, fencing,

signage and road

diversions.

▪ Ensure relocation of

any affected public

transport infrastructure

(but stops, shelters

etc.) prior to

commencement of






Responsibility


works.

▪ Provide advance

notification to the

community regarding

changes to public

transport facilities or

routes.

▪ Comply with traffic

regulations and avoid,

where possible, roads

with the highest traffic

volumes, high density

of sensitive receivers

or capacity constraints

are not used as

access to and from the

construction areas and

spoil disposal sites.

▪ Install temporary

accesses to properties

affected by disruption

to their permanent

accesses.

▪ Reinstate good quality






Responsibility


permanent accesses

following completion of

construction.

Air Quality

To minimize air emissions effectively and avoid complaints due to the airborne particulate matter released to the atmosphere.

1. Water will be sprinkled every three hours and at a higher frequency if felt necessary, at all construction sites to suppress dust emissions. 2. All heavy equipment and machinery shall be fitted in full compliance with the national and local regulations. (Relevant regulations are in the Motor vehicles fitness rules and Highway Act). 3. Stockpiled soil and sand shall be slightly wetted before loading, particularly in windy conditions. 4. Fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage


A list of locations to be included in contract and other sensitive areas identified by the CSC in project area.

Contractor shall maintain acceptable standards. CSC to supervise activities.

TMTD/CSC






Responsibility


trucks shall be employed to minimize exhaust emissions. 5. Vehicles transporting soil, sand and other construction materials shall be covered with tarpaulin. 6. Limitations to speeds of such vehicles necessary. Transport through densely populated area should be avoided. 7. Concrete plants to be controlled in line with statutory requirements and shall not be close to residential settlements. 8.Stack height of generators will be at least 3 meters above the ground. 9. Project traffic will maintain maximum speed limit of 20 km/hr on all unsealed roads






Responsibility


within project area. 10. A minimum distance of 300 meters will be ensured between batching plant(s) and the nearest residential settlements.

Noise Levels

To minimize noise level increases during construction activities.

▪ Unnecessary revving

of engines will be

avoided and

equipment will be

switched off when not

in use;

▪ Install temporary noise

barriers made of

plywood or acoustical

blankets around noisy

operation where

necessary to comply

with project noise

limits;

▪ Internal haul routes

will be kept well

maintained;

▪ Drop heights of

materials will be


A list of locations to be included in contract and other sensitive areas identified by the CSC in project area.

Contractor should maintain the acceptable standards CSC to supervise relevant activities.

TMTD / CSC






Responsibility


minimised;

▪ Plant and vehicles will

be sequentially started

up rather than all

together;

▪ Use of effective

exhaust silence

systems or acoustic

engine covers as

appropriate;

▪ As far as reasonably

practicable, sources of

significant noise will

be enclosed;

▪ Plant will always be

used in accordance

with manufacturers’ instructions. Care will

be taken to site

equipment away from

noise-sensitive areas.

Where possible,

loading and unloading

will also be carried out

away from such areas;

▪ Regular and effective

maintenance by

trained personnel will






Responsibility


be undertaken to keep

plant and equipment

working to

manufacturers

specifications; and

▪ Screening e.g. noise

barriers and blinds will

be used as

appropriate.

▪ Record and respond

to complaints

according to the

established grievance

redress mechanism.

▪ Keep nearby

residences informed in

advance about noisy

activities during

various construction

phases.

▪ Vehicles and

mechanical plants

used for the purpose

of the works shall be

fitted with effective

exhaust silencers,

maintained in good

and efficient working






Responsibility


order and operated in

such a manner as to

minimise noise

emissions. The

construction contractor

shall ensure that all

plant complies with the

relevant statutory

requirements;

▪ Machines in

intermittent use should

be shut down or

throttled down to a

minimum when not in

use;

▪ Compressors should

be fitted with properly

lined and sealed

acoustic covers which

should be kept closed

whenever in use.

Pneumatic percussive

tools should be fitted

with mufflers or

silencers of the type

recommended by the

manufacturers;

▪ Equipment which






Responsibility


breaks concrete,

brickwork or masonry

by bending or bursting

or "nibbling" shall be

used in preference to

percussive tools.

Where possible, avoid

the use of impact tools

where the construction

works is close to

occupied premises;

▪ Rotary drills and

busters activated by

hydraulic, chemical or

electrical power shall

be used for excavating

hard or extrusive

material;

▪ Equipment powered

by mains electricity

shall be used in

preference to

equipment powered by

internal combustion

engine or locally

generated electricity;

▪ Neither any part of the

works nor any






Responsibility


maintenance of plant

shall be carried out in

such a manner as to

cause unnecessary

noise except in the

case of an emergency

when the work is

absolutely necessary

for the saving of life or

property or the safety

of the works;

▪ Plant shall be

maintained in good

working order so that

extraneous noise from

mechanical vibration,

creaking and

squeaking is kept to a

minimum; and

▪ Noise emitting

machinery which is

required to run

continuously shall be

housed in a suitable

acoustically lined

enclosure.

▪ Train staff in

construction best






Responsibility


practice.

▪ Construction operation

times shall be limited

to 07:00 to 22:00 daily

▪ Perform independent

periodic noise

monitoring to

demonstrate

compliance with

project noise limits.

Excavated Material (Earthworks) Disposal

Significant

volumes of

clay/mud shall

be excavated

from the KGA

ground. Unless

a suitable

disposal

location and

efficient

transport

mechanism for

disposal of this

material is

arranged, it

could potentially

result in major

A detailed Plan for

management and

disposal of Excavated

Material must be

developed. This Plan

must identify suitable

location(s) prior to

commencement of

excavation works and

require the engaging of

experienced and

credible third parties for

transport and disposal

of this material in the

most efficient and

effective manner without

any logistical or

During construction activity

Project area Contractor and the CSC

TMTD/ CSC






Responsibility


health and

aesthetics

issues.

management delays.

Community Health and Safety

To ensure the residents and visitors to the project area are kept safe during the construction activity at the different work sites.

1. Buffer strips or other methods of physical separation around project sites shall be ensured to protect public from major hazards.

2. Siting and safety engineering criteria shall be incorporated to prevent failures due to natural risks posed by earthquakes, floods, fire, wind etc.

3. Inventories of hazardous materials shall be reduced through inventory management.

4. Process or

storage conditions shall be modified to reduce potential consequences of an accidental off-site



TMTD/ CSC






Responsibility


release. 5. Improving of

shut down and secondary containment to reduce amount of material escaping from containment and to reduce release of duration.

6. Reduce

probability that releases will occur through improved site operations and control and through improvements in maintenance and inspection.

7. Reduce off-site

impacts of releases through measures intended to contain explosions and fires such as alerting public, provision for evacuation of surrounding areas, establish safety zones






Responsibility


around each work site and ensure provision of emergency medical services to the public.

8. Work areas

outside project area, particularly where machinery is involved will be roped off and constantly monitored to ensure local residents and children in particular stay away.

9. No machinery

will be left unattended, particularly in running condition.

10. Community will

be briefed on traffic safety, especially women who are the main care providers to children.

11. Speed limit of 20

km/hr will be maintained by all project related






Responsibility


vehicles on section of roads and passages adjacent to houses in project area.

Worker Health and Safety

To ensure that the CSC, contractor and workers understand and have the capacity to ensure the environmental requirements and implementation of mitigation measures.

1. The Contractor will provide his staff with a provided detailed orientation on the safety protocols to be followed at all times during the construction work to minimize the risk of accidents. 2. The Contractor shall provide bi-monthly refresher sessions to his staff on the safety precautions to be followed during the construction activity. 3. The Contractor will closely monitor his staff at all times and will take strict action against any non-compliance with these protocols and will ensure at all times that the safety of the commuters and traffic in the vicinity of the project

Induction of all relevant staff required for implementation of EMP. At early stages of construction for all construction employees as far as reasonably practicable.

All staff members in all categories. Monthly induction and six month refresher course as necessary until contractor complies.

Contractor and the CSC and record details

TMTD & CSC to observe and record success






Responsibility


site are kept a priority. 4. Random Health and Safety audits from PMU and/or a third party shall be conducted.

Labor Camp Effluent

Prevent untreated effluent from being released into the environment.

▪ No untreated effluent will be released into the environment.

▪ Closed sewage

treatment system will treat the effluent, which will then be disposed of in a soak pit or will be used for plantation.

▪ Water being released

from any batching plant(s) must be treated as per requirements of SEQS prior to release to sewerage system/any other water body.

During Construction

At labor camps Contractor TMTD/ CSC

Soil Erosion and Sedimentation

To prevent soil erosion

Any drainage structures, culverts or pipes crossing the project site may need to be modified or protected

During Construction

Project site Contractor TMTD/ CSC






Responsibility


and the detailed designs must make provisions to protect or re-provision all infrastructure that may be affected by the construction works.

Soil Contamination

To prevent contamination of soil

1. It will be ensured that spill prevention trays are provided and used during refueling. Also, on-site maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment will be avoided as far as possible. In case on-site maintenance is unavoidable, tarpaulin or other impermeable material will be spread on the ground to prevent contamination of soil. 2. Regular inspections will be carried out to detect leakages in construction vehicles and equipment and all vehicles will be washed in external commercial facilities. 3. Fuels, lubricants and

During Construction







Responsibility


chemicals will be stored in covered bounded areas, underlain with impervious lining. Appropriate arrangements, including shovels, plastic bags and absorbent materials will be available near fuel and oil storage areas.

Drainage and Storm water Run-off

To prevent run off and issues due to poor drainage

1. All unpaved exposed areas at the project sites will be compacted to minimize water erosion and all areas containing potentially hazardous materials will be hydrologically isolated from the remaining site. 2. It shall be ensured that natural drainage is not hampered or blocked in any way at any of the sites.

During Construction


Hazardous and Non-hazardous waste management

To manage all hazardous and non-hazardous

1. A waste management plan will be developed prior to the start of

During Construction







Responsibility


waste as per international best practices.

construction. This plan will cater to sorting of hazardous and non-hazardous materials prior to disposal, placing of waste bins at the project site for waste disposal and an onsite hazardous waste storage facility. 2. Periodic on-site audits of waste management will be undertaken along with auditing of waste disposal contractors and disposal facilities on regular basis to check that procedures are being followed. 3. Records of all waste generated during the construction period will be maintained. Quantities of waste disposed, recycled or reused will be logged on a Waste Tracking Register. 4. Licensed waste contractors will be engaged to dispose all






Responsibility


non-hazardous waste material that cannot be recycled or reused. 5. Training will be provided to personnel for identification, segregation and management of waste.

Archaeological sites

To protect any antiquities or relics that might be excavated

If evidence of any archaeological remains is found during the construction activities, the excavation work will be stopped immediately and necessary next steps taken to identify the archaeological discovery based on the ‘Chance Find’ procedures, provided as Annexure H.

During Construction

Project site Contractor TMTD/ CSC and department of Archaeology

Vegetation and Wildlife Loss

To protect vegetation and wildlife loss in project area.

1. Wherever trees have to be felled, mitigation will be required in the form of reinstatement and compensatory planting. Soft landscaping shall be installed in the median under the elevated sections to improve the appearance of the

During Construction

Along BRT Corridor Contractor TMTD/ CSC






Responsibility


completed works. In case existing trees and topsoil (down to 0.5 meters) is removed, the top soil shall be retained for elsewhere in the project. The wood that would be cut will not be burnt on site. All stumps and surplus vegetation shall be disposed of at landfills via routes or other destinations as designated and instructed by TMTD focal points. 2. It will be ensured that willful killing; trapping and trade of faunal species will be strictly prohibited. 3. Monitoring of tree survival has to be conducted. 4. Tree plantation will be undertaken at the project site to compensate for the vegetation lost during construction in the minimum ratio of 3:1 i.e. 3 saplings to be planted






Responsibility


for every tree felled given the possible difficulties with establishing trees and low survival rates of young trees. 5. Burning of vegetation as fuel will be prohibited.

Employment Conflicts

To prevent conflicts of the project work force with the residents in the project area

1. A transparent hiring policy shall be adopted and local communities in project area will be informed of this policy.

2. It shall be ensured

that maximum number of unskilled and semi-skilled jobs will be provided to residents of Karachi and its suburbs.

3. TMTD will ensure a

balanced process of employment for communities in project area.



TMTD/ CSC

Communicable diseases

To prevent outbreak of

A communicable diseases prevention

During construction

Project area Contractor and

TMTD/ CSC






Responsibility


diseases program will be prepared for construction workers or residents near the construction sites.

activity the CSC

Loss of Access around project site

To ensure to loss of access takes place, particularly for the communities residing close to the project site.

The existing western

face, presently being

used for the Green Line

BRT works will only be

used for all construction

works. No other access

way will be used, thus

ensuring the residential

settlements located on

the other faces of the

project site are not

disturbed.


Project area Contractor CSC and TMTD

Impact on Vendors

To ensure vendors are not affected negatively due to the construction works

Compensation shall be

paid as per Entitlement

Matrix provided in the

Resettlement Action

Plan (RAP) and it shall

be ensured that any

grievances received

are adequately

addressed.


Project area Contractor CSC and TMTD

Loss of access To ensure no The Contractor shall During Project area Contractor CSC and






Responsibility


in project area loss of access for businesses, residents and any other stakeholders in project area.

ensure that:

▪ Construction activities

are phased out

▪ At no point during the

construction works will

the road be completely

closed off

▪ Access shall not be

blocked due to

construction

works/equipment/vehic

les to any of the

businesses and/or

residences.

construction activity

TMTD

Operational Stage

Air Quality

To ensure operational phase of Staging Facility does not have adverse impact on air quality of project area

1. Buses and all mechanical equipment such as generators shall undergo regular maintenance and shall be tuned to maintain engine efficiency and minimize emissions in compliance of NEQS limits. 2.Stack height of

Once Staging Facility operation commences.

Residential locations around Staging Facility

O&M Contractor

Trans Karachi






Responsibility


generators (if any) will be at least 3 meters above the ground. 3.Regular maintenance of BRT buses shall be conducted and optimal engine efficiency shall be ensured through use of high quality fuel.

4. Regular monitoring of

PM levels will be conducted. Residential locations around project site will be monitored for PM levels and potential PM sources will be identified and customized mitigation measures developed and implemented to reduce PM levels, if required.

Noise Levels

To ensure noise levels remain within acceptable NEQS limits during Staging Facility

1. Tuning and maintenance of buses and mechanical equipment such as buses on regular basis to minimize

Once Staging Facility operation commences.

Residential locations around Staging Facility

O&M Contractor

Trans Karachi






Responsibility


operation noise levels and comply with NEQS limits.

2. Strict driving protocols shall be followed such as no honking etc.

Solid Waste Disposal

To prevent contamination of the areas around the Staging Facility due to improper solid waste disposal.

Proper waste management plan will be prepared and implemented to ensure waste collection, transfer and disposal.

Once Staging Facility operation commences

At Staging Facility

O&M Contractor

Trans Karachi

Land Contamination

Accidental fuel

and material

spills could take

place from the

different BRT

buses visiting

the Staging

facility on a

daily basis.

Proper waste management plan and spill response plan will need to be implemented.

Once Staging Facility operation commences

At Staging Facility

O&M Contractor

Trans Karachi

TMTD Transport and Mass Transit Department

PD Project Director

CSC Construction Supervision Consultant


O&M Operation & Maintenance

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 135 | P a g e

8 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

8.1 Introduction

364. Public participation and community consultation has been taken up as an integral

part of environmental and social assessment process of the proposed Staging

facility development. Detailed public consultations have been conducted from

March’19 onwards in the project area. Consultation was used as a tool to inform

and educate stakeholders about the proposed action both before and after the

development decisions were made. It assisted in identification of the problems

associated with the project as well as the needs of the population likely to be

impacted.

365. This participatory process helped in reducing the public resistance to change and

enabled the participation of the local people in the decision making process. Public

consultations have been carried out in the project area with the objectives of

minimizing probable adverse impacts of the project and to achieve speedy

implementation of the project through bringing in awareness among the key

stakeholders on the benefits of the project.

366. Public participation and consultation are the major keys to any success in

infrastructure development. The sustainability of any infrastructure development

depends on the participatory planning in which public consultation plays a major

role.

367. Aiming at promotion of public understanding and discussion on the local needs and

concerns of the key stakeholders i.e., KGA management, local community

members and government officials. Consultations were conducted through

individual interviews and formal consultations.

368. The environmental assessment process under the Pakistan Environmental

Protection Act 1997, requires the disclosure to the public after the statutory IEE /

EIA has been accepted by the relevant EPA, to be in strict adherence to the rules.

In this IEE, the consultation process was performed to satisfy the ADB

requirements (Social Safeguard Policy 2009).

8.2 Objective of Consultations

369. The basic objective of the consultations is as follows:

▪ Understand views of affected key stakeholders and generate ideas regarding the

expected demands of the affected parties;

▪ Disseminate information to the affected persons about the project in terms of its

activities and scope of work; and understand the views and perceptions of the

people affected and local communities with reference to the proposed staging

facility development, including land acquisition and/or loss of property and its due

compensation.


▪ Identify and assess major economic and social information and characteristics of

the project area to enable effective social and resettlement planning and its

implementation.

▪ Resolve issues related to impacts on community property and their relocation.

▪ Examine PAPs’ opinions on health safety issues during the construction period on

garbage materials, waste materials and other pollution issues.

▪ Identify levels and extent of community participation in project implementation and

monitoring.

▪ Establish an understanding for identification of overall developmental goals and

benefits of the project.

▪ Disseminate information to and develop a thorough coordination with different

government, non-government and public private sector stakeholder line agencies

ensuring their participation and mobilization of support in the process for the

successful planning and implementation of the project.

▪ Assess the local people's willingness to get involved with the project; and

enumerate the measures to be taken during the implementation of the project.

8.3 Identification of Main Stakeholders

370. The primary stakeholders identified are the KGA management and the local

communities residing in the project area in close proximity to the KGA ground. All

these stakeholders have different types of stakes according to their interests and

professions.

8.4 Approach for Public Consultation

371. Consultations were planned and conducted with different stakeholders such as the

KGA management and the affected persons as well as public sector

representatives from different line departments.

372. The approach adopted towards public participation was intended to disseminate

information, solicit inputs and develop consensus on issues and subsequently

propose mitigation measures. This approach was put into practice through

consultations and public meetings with relevant stakeholders in the project area.

373. The project related information was shared with all key stakeholders by engaging

local personnel with strong linkages in the project area who jointly helped to explain

the project scope to the different stakeholders. Through detailed briefings, it was

ensured that complete clarity was provided to the stakeholders regarding the

possible environment related issues to be faced by the key receptors in the project

area.

374. It is important to emphasize that the public consultation is a continual process that

shall be conducted throughout the project development phase with different

national and international project stakeholders being consulted and their respective

comments and concerns being addressed through dialogue and discussion. These

consultations shall continue during the project detailed design phase and shall be

completed prior to review of this report for separate approvals from ADB and

137 | P a g e

SEPA, with the finalized consultation findings incorporated into the last version of

this report.

8.5 Consultations

375. Detailed and extensive consultations with different key stakeholders have been

conducted to date, consisting of the KGA management, local communities as the

directly project affected persons as well as key officials and representatives of the

relevant public sector agencies such as the Karachi Municipal Corporation. The

details of the persons consulted are provided in Annexure E.

376. The details of the stakeholders consulted along with the key discussion points and

the responses to their comments/concerns/suggestions are provided in the Table

8.1 below.

8.6 Key Discussion points

377. The key comments and concerns raised as a result of the consultations as part of

the scoping activity are as follows:

▪ Restoration of existing motorbike parking space along-with the cricket ground

must take place.

▪ There are some exposed and uninsulated electricity wires on the M.A Jinnah

Road, which should be insulated to avoid any mishap.

▪ The work activities going on at the adjacent Green Line works creates dust

emissions and the flats which are facing the M.A Jinnah Road and KGA Ground

are exposed to large volumes, particularly in windy conditions.

▪ Prior notice should be provided before commencement of works for the staging

facility.

▪ Dust and noise levels must be minimized through all possible measures.

Sprinkling must be conducted as much as possible so that huge clouds of dust

do not reach their residences.

▪ Expressed positive views about the staging facility with a major reason that the

existing conditions will be restored.

▪ He mentioned that it must be ensured by the Contractor that the existing route

being used for the Green Line works is used by the vehicles for the staging

facility development.

▪ Access of the residences around the KGA must be blocked any more than the

existing situation due to the Green line works.

▪ It was hoped that some employment opportunities will be provided for the

residents for the proposed Staging facility development.


▪ It was mentioned that work in the evening hours onwards must not be allowed or

must be restricted as far as possible to enable the residents to rest properly in

the evenings and night-time.

▪ Proper safety barricading must be installed around the work site since a deep pit

will be created due to excavation and the safety of the community, particularly its

children must be ensured.

▪ Water sprinkling and all other required measures must be implemented to

minimize dust emissions.

▪ It must be ensured that worker camps are not developed near our residences to

ensure our safety and proper sanitary facilities must be provided to them to

ensure they do not defecate openly.


▪ Safety and convenience of the local communities must be kept a priority during

the project works.

The detailed comments received from the different stakeholders are provided as Table 8.1

below.

▪ It must be ensured that ground is restored as per existing situation to ensure the

aesthetics of the area are not adversely affected.

▪ A Contractor that has experience and reputation for timely completion of works

must be engaged to ensure the works are not delayed as is the case for the

Green Line.


Table 8.1: Summary of Public Consultations

S/No

.

Name Contact No. CNIC (if

available)

Location/Address

of Interview

Remarks/Comments/Suggestions

1. KGA Gymkhana

General Secretory: Mr. Assis

de Souza

Name of President: Mr.

Lenny Dias

03332137429

(Assis de

Souza)

03108011103

(Lenny Dias)

Not provided KGA Gymkhana - M.

A. Jinnah Rd, Jacob

Lines Central Jacob

Lines, Karachi.

▪ Mr. De Souza expressed his concern that no written documents have been provided to the KGA regarding the details / timelines and other necessary details regarding the proposed construction of Staging Facility till now. All they have come to know till now is based on verbal information.

▪ He expressed satisfaction with the overall project concept plan due to its salient features such as Underground Parking and Restoration of existing Cricket Ground.

▪ Their demands include the following: a- Restoration of existing motorbike

parking space along-with the cricket

ground.

b- There are some exposed and

uninsulated electricity wires on the M.A

Jinnah Road which should be insulated

to avoid any mishap.

c- Mr. De Souza explained that they pay

utility bills of Rs. 600, 000/-

approximately per month, which

includes payment for water as well. It

has been requested that a water


connection may please be provided to

the Cricket Ground after the completion

of construction activities.

2. Kaleem Ahmad 03322483711 Not provided Flat No. C. 109 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ Satisfied with the proposed construction of staging facility as the original environmental setting will be fully restored.

▪ Suggested that emphasis should be provided on horticulture, especially on the M. A. Jinnah Road after the completion of corridor / underpass works.

3. Kashif 03132484908 Not provided Flat No. C. 107 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ Expressed his concerns about the extremely slow pace of work on the adjacent Green Line Underpass, which is causing severe problems to the residents while leaving and approaching their residents for everyday activities.

▪ For the staging facility, he was satisfied with the overall plan and components of the facility as the existing environmental setting will be restored with some up

141 | P a g e

gradation.

4. M. Ammar 03002906367 42201-

9348110-1

Flat No. C. 105 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ The work activities going on at the adjacent Green Line works creates dust emissions and the flats which are facing the M.A Jinnah Road and KGA Ground are exposed to large volumes, particularly in windy conditions.

▪ Pace of work is extremely slow and it should be enhanced so that the residents could get some relief since their everyday activities are badly disturbed.

▪ For the proposed staging facility, he showed overall positive views and suggested that emphasize should be given on controlling dust as Block-C of Saachi Apartments is directly facing the KGA Ground.

▪ He also requested that, for the day time, they will bear the noise of construction activities as they are already used-to of heavy noise since their residence is located at the Main M.A. Jinnah road, however for the night time, work activities should be restricted.

5. Rashid Aziz 03333713133 Not provided Flat No. C. 106 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

▪ He felt that prior notice should be provided before commencement of works for the staging facility.

▪ Dust and noise levels must be minimized


Karachi. through all possible measures. Sprinkling must be conducted as much as possible so that huge clouds of dust do not reach their residences.

▪ Expressed positive views about the staging facility with a major reason that the existing conditions will be restored.

6. Bilal Usman 03219284039 Not provided Flat No. C. 201 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ He mentioned that it must be ensured by the Contractor that the existing route being used for the Green Line works is used by the vehicles for the staging facility development.

▪ Access of the residences around the KGA must be blocked any more than the existing situation due to the Green line works.


7. Sabeel Khan 03329673229 Not provided Flat No. C. 202 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ He informed that he belongs to a very poor family with no personal transport (Car or Motorcycle). He mentioned that they are entirely dependent on public transport for commuting and unfortunately the public transport system is badly disturbed in the area due to slow pace of construction work activities on the adjacent Green Line Project.

▪ For the proposed staging facility, he expressed the hope to be provided some employment opportunities for the Staging facility development.

▪ Also, he mentioned that work in the evening hours onwards must not be allowed or must be restricted as far as

143 | P a g e

possible to enable the residents to rest properly in the evenings and night-time.

8. Touseef Thebo 03002955285 Not provided Flat No. C. 301 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ His major concern was related to dust as their apartment is situated on the third floor, therefore they are receiving large volumes of dust from the Green Line works.

9. Sohail Yunus 03009290821 424011886541

9

Flat No. C. 302 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ It must be ensured that ground is restored as per existing situation to ensure the aesthetics of the area are not adversely affected.

▪ Proper safety barricading must be installed around the work site since a deep pit will be created due to excavation and the safety of the community, particularly its children must be ensured.

10. Zabih Siddiqui 03218109604 Not provided Flat No. C. 303 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ A Contractor that has experience and reputation for timely completion of works must be engaged to ensure the works are not delayed as is the case for the Green Line.

▪ Water sprinkling and all other required measures must be implemented to minimize dust emissions.

11. Khalid 03052086271 Not provided Flat No. C. 305 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ It must be ensured that worker camps are not developed near our residences to ensure our safety and proper sanitary facilities must be provided to them to ensure they do not defecate openly.

▪ Both noise and dust emissions must be minimized as far as possible by implementing all required measures.

12. Yousaf Mirza 03053442353 424054191188 Flat No. C. 305 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

▪ He requested that for the day time, they will bear the noise of construction activities as they are already used-to of


6 Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

heavy noise since their residence is located at the Main M.A. Jinnah road, however for the night time, work activities should be restricted.

13. Shafqat Hameed 03346545323 424041886591

1

Flat No. C. 305 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ Dust and noise levels must be minimized through all possible measures. Sprinkling must be conducted as much as possible so that huge clouds of dust do not reach their residences.

▪ Expressed the desire that works must be completed in the shortest possible duration.

14. Zahid Baloch 03459052346 421408819615

4

Flat No. C. 305 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ A Contractor that has experience and reputation for timely completion of works must be engaged to ensure the works are not delayed as is the case for the Green Line.


15. Khanzada Ahsan 03215943325 424886540111

9

Flat No. C. 305 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ He expressed the hope to be provided some employment opportunities for the Staging facility development.

▪ Dust and noise levels must be minimized through all possible measures. Sprinkling must be conducted as much as possible so that huge clouds of dust do not reach their residences.

▪ Safety and convenience of the local communities must be kept a priority during the project works.

16. Yasir Mehmood 03235538593 418408426541

9

Flat No. C. 305 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

▪ It must be ensured that ground is restored as per existing situation to ensure the aesthetics of the area are not adversely

145 | P a g e

Karachi. affected. ▪ Proper safety barricading must be

installed around the work site since a deep pit will be created due to excavation and the safety of the community, particularly its children must be ensured.

17. Aqib Sultan 03369348856 424865401181

9

Flat No. C. 305 -

Saachi Tower, M.A

Jinnah Road,

Karachi.

▪ It must be ensured that worker camps are not developed near our residences to ensure our safety and proper sanitary facilities must be provided to them to ensure they do not defecate openly.



8.7 General

378. The ADB Policy (SPS 2009) requires establishment of a local grievance redress

mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the Displaced/Affected Persons

concerns and grievances regarding the project’s social, resettlement and environment performance. The measures have been identified to mitigate any

potential social and/or resettlement impacts to be caused due to implementation of

the Project works.

379. However, in spite of best efforts, there is every chance that the individuals /

households affected by the project or other stakeholders are dissatisfied with

measures adopted to address adverse social impacts of the project. To address,

such situation an effective Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will be

established to ensure timely and successful implementation of the project. It will

also provide a public forum to the aggrieved to raise their objections and the GRM

would address such issues adequately. It will receive, evaluate and facilitate the

resolution of displaced persons’ concerns, complaints and grievances about the social and environmental performance at the level of the Project.

380. The GRM will aim to investigate charges of irregularities and complaints receive

from any displaced persons and provide a time-bound early, transparent and fair

resolution to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns link to the

project.

381. The TMTD and PMU shall make the public aware of the GRM through public

awareness campaigns, particularly to any DPs. The name of contact person(s) and

his/her phone number, PMU contact numbers and the TMTD, will serve as a hotline

for complaints and shall be publicized through the media and placed on notice

boards outside their offices, construction camps of contractors, and at accessible

and visible locations in the project area, and also shared with the DPs

representatives. The project information brochure will include information on the

GRM and shall be widely disseminated throughout the project area. Grievances

can be filed in writing, via web-based provision or by phone with any member of the

TMTD or PMU.

382. First tier of GRM. The PIU is the first tier of GRM which offers the fastest and most

accessible mechanism for resolution of grievances. The PIU staff for environment

and social safeguards will be designated as the key officers for grievance

redressal. Resolution of complaints will be completed within seven (7) working

days. Investigation of grievances will involve site visits and consultations with

relevant parties (e.g., affected persons, contractors, traffic police, etc.). Grievances

will be documented and personal details (name, address, date of complaint, etc.)

will be included, unless anonymity is requested. A tracking number will be assigned

for each grievance, including the following elements:

147 | P a g e

▪ Initial grievance sheet (including the description of the grievance), with an

acknowledgement of receipt handed back to the complainant when the complaint is

registered;

▪ Grievance monitoring sheet, mentioning actions taken (investigation, corrective

measures);

▪ Closure sheet, one copy of which will be handed to the complainant after he/she

has agreed to the resolution and signed-off.

383. The updated register of grievances and complaints will be available to the public at

the PIU office, construction sites and other key public offices in the project area.

Should the grievance remain unresolved, it will be escalated to the second tier.

384. Second Tier of GRM. The PIU will activate the second tier of GRM by referring the

unresolved issue (with written documentation) to the SMTA who will pass

unresolved complaints upward to the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC). The

GRC will be established by SMTA before start of site works. The GRC will consist

of the following persons: (i) Project Director; (ii) representative District; (iii)

representative of the affected person(s); (iv) representative of the local Deputy

Commissioners office (land); and (v) representative of the SEPA (for

environmental-related grievances). A hearing will be called with the GRC, if

necessary, where the affected person can present his/her concerns/issues. The

process will facilitate resolution through mediation. The local GRC will meet as

necessary when there are grievances to be addressed. The local GRC will suggest

corrective measures at the field level and assign clear responsibilities for

implementing its decision within fifteen (15) working days. The contractor will have

observer status on the committee. If unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of

the GRC will not impede the complainant’s access to the Government’s judicial or administrative remedies.

385. The functions of the local GRC are as follows: (i) resolve problems and provide

support to affected persons arising from various environmental issues and

including dust, noise, utilities, power and water supply, waste disposal, traffic

interference and public safety as well as social issues and land acquisition

(temporary or permanent); asset acquisition; and eligibility for entitlements,

compensation and assistance; (ii) reconfirm grievances of displaced persons,

categorize and prioritize them and aim to provide solutions within a month; and (iii)

report to the aggrieved parties about developments regarding their grievances and

decisions of the GRC.

386. The SMTA officers will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before

the GRC, maintaining a database of complaints, recording decisions, issuing

minutes of the meetings and monitoring to see that formal orders are issued and

the decisions carried out.

387. Third tier of GRM. In the event that a grievance cannot be resolved directly by the

PIUs (first tier) or GRC (second tier), the affected person can seek alternative

redressal through the district or sub-district committees as appropriate. The PIUs or

148 | P a g e

GRC will be kept informed by the district, municipal or national authority. The

grievance redress mechanism and procedure are depicted in the Figure 9.1 below.

The monitoring reports of the EMP and RP implementation will include the following

aspects pertaining to progress on grievances: (i) Number of cases registered with

the GRC, level of jurisdiction (first, second and third tiers), number of hearings held,

decisions made, and the status of pending cases; and (ii) lists of cases in process

and already decided upon may be prepared with details such as Name, ID with

unique serial number, date of notice, date of application, date of hearing, decisions,

remarks, actions taken to resolve issues, and status of grievance (i.e., open,

closed, pending).

Figure 8.1: Grievance Redress Mechanism

149 | P a g e

9 Conclusions and Recommendations

388. This IEE study has been prepared for the Staging facility to be constructed

adjacent to the Numaish station, under the existing cricket ground of Karachi Goan

Association (KGA), which is a historic part of Karachi city.

389. The development of the proposed Staging facility is necessary as it will help in

optimizing and adjusting fleet operations as the demand varies along the day.

Additionally, it shall provide a turnaround facility for routes that terminate at

Numaish, and will thus reduce the dead mileage for operations without passengers.

390. Primary and secondary data has been collected and used to assess the

environmental impacts of the Project. Detailed baseline monitoring consisting of

recording ambient air quality and noise levels has been conducted. This IEE report

highlights all potential environmental impacts associated with the Project and

recommends mitigation measures. Any environmental impacts associated with the

project need to be properly mitigated, through the existing institutional

arrangements described in this report.

391. Consultations have been conducted with the key stakeholders in the project area

consisting of the KGA management, business community, represented by various

trade unions through the platform of the Karachi Chambers of Commerce and

Industry and representatives of different public sector organizations etc.

392. The majority of the environmental impacts are associated with the construction

phase of the project such as community health and safety, deterioration of air

quality, high noise levels, traffic management, to name a few.

393. The implementation of mitigation measures during this period will be the

responsibility of the Contractor. Therefore, the required environmental mitigation

measures will have to be clearly defined in the bidding and contract documents,

and appropriately qualified environmental staff retained by the Consultant to

supervise the implementation process. The EMP includes measures to minimize

project impacts due to noise and air pollution, waste generation etc.

394. The associated facilities located next to the KGA ground possess a rich

historical and cultural value since they are over 100 years old, although they are not

listed as national and cultural heritage by the Government of Sindh. However, during

the detailed design phase, all efforts need to be made to prevent demolition of the

associated facilities of the KGA ground as far as possible by considering all

alternatives (technical and location related) and through continuing of the stakeholder

consultative process.

395. This project has been assigned environmental category ‘B’ in accordance with the

ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 and Schedule I as per EPA, IEE

150 | P a g e

and EIA Gazette Notification, 2000. Thus, this IEE study has been prepared for the

proposed project.

References 151 | P a g e

10 References

Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, Building

Equipment, and Home Appliances. USEPA, 1971; http://www.waterrights.ca.gov/EIRD/text/Ch11-

Noise.pdf; http://www.lacsd.org/LWRP%202020%20Facilities%20Plan%20DEIR/4_6_Noise.pdf;

http://newyorkbiz.com/DSEIS/CH18Construction.pdf

http://www.catf.us/resources/publications/files/20120227-Diesel_vs_CNG_FINAL_MJBA.pdf

http://www.apti.org/clientuploads/publications/2015/Johnson-HannenHiRes_SampleArt_46.2-3.pdf

Gaffney, G. and Shimp, D. 1997. Improving PM10 Fugitive Dust Emission Inventories. Sacramento,

CA. California Air Resource Board. www.arb.ca.gov/emisinv/pubs/pm10tmp.pdf

El Dorado County Air Pollution Control District. 2002. Guide to Air Quality Assessment:

Determining Significance of Air Quality Impacts Under the California Environmental Quality Act. First

Edition.

http://co.el-dorado.ca.us/emd/apcd

Reagan, J. A. and C. A. Grant. Highway Construction Noise: Measurement, Prediction, and

Mitigation. Special Report. US. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.

Available from <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/highway/index.htm>

ADB 2011. Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards :- A planning & Implementation Good Practice Source Book –Draft Working Document . Asian Development Bank. March 2011

EPA, 1997: Guidelines for Public Consultation. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan

EPA, 1997: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan, October

GoP, 1997: Sectoral Guidelines for Environmental Reports:- Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan, October

GoP, 1997: Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 :- Government of Pakistan, October

GoP, 1997: Policy Guidelines for Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports:- Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan, November

GoP, 1997: Policy and Procedures for filling , review and approval of Environmental Assessment :- Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan, November

Survey of Pakistan, 1997. Atlas of Pakistan. Director Map Publication, Survey of Pakistan, Rawalpindi.

World Bank. 2005. OP 4.10 - Indigenous People. The World Bank Operational Manual. The World Bank. July 2005.

World Bank. 2003. Social Analysis Sourcebook, Incorporating Social Dimensions into Bank-Supported Projects. Social Development Department, The World Bank. December 2003.

World Bank. 2001. OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement. The World Bank Operational

http://newyorkbiz.com/DSEIS/CH18Construction.pdf

http://www.catf.us/resources/publications/files/20120227-Diesel_vs_CNG_FINAL_MJBA.pdf

http://www.apti.org/clientuploads/publications/2015/Johnson-HannenHiRes_SampleArt_46.2-3.pdf

http://www.arb.ca.gov/emisinv/pubs/pm10tmp.pdf

http://co.el-dorado.ca.us/emd/apcd

Initial Environmental Examination...The total floor area of KGA mezzanine level is 23,520 square...

Documents

Transcript of Initial Environmental Examination...The total floor area of KGA mezzanine level is 23,520 square...