Initial EAP Supervisor Initial EAP Supervisor Training: Alcohol and Training: Alcohol and Drug Testing ProgramDrug Testing Program

Presented by the Presented by the

MCPS Employee Assistance MCPS Employee Assistance ProgramProgram

240-314-1040240-314-1040 November 2010

Please turn off your cell Please turn off your cell phones. If you need to phones. If you need to take a call, please do it take a call, please do it outside of this room. outside of this room.

Thanks!Thanks!

OutcomesOutcomes

Increase familiarity with alcohol Increase familiarity with alcohol and drug testing regulationsand drug testing regulations

Become knowledgeable about Become knowledgeable about the affects of alcohol and drugsthe affects of alcohol and drugs

Know what steps to take when Know what steps to take when suspicious that an employee suspicious that an employee might be under the influencemight be under the influence

Employee Assistance Employee Assistance ProgramProgram

Assessment, short-term counselingAssessment, short-term counseling and referraland referral Problem types Problem types CostCost EligibilityEligibility Referrals Referrals ConfidentialityConfidentiality Other services: crisis response,Other services: crisis response, workshops, access point to mediationworkshops, access point to mediation

Scope of the Scope of the ProblemProblem

There are more deaths and disabilities There are more deaths and disabilities each year in the U.S. from substance each year in the U.S. from substance abuse than from any other cause.abuse than from any other cause.

About 18 million Americans have alcohol About 18 million Americans have alcohol problems; about 5 to 6 million problems; about 5 to 6 million Americans have drug problems.Americans have drug problems.

More than half of all adults have a family More than half of all adults have a family history of alcoholism or problem history of alcoholism or problem drinking.drinking.

(National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence)(National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence)

ConsequencesConsequences

1/4 of all emergency room admissions, 1/3 1/4 of all emergency room admissions, 1/3 of all suicides, and more than 1/2 of all of all suicides, and more than 1/2 of all homicides and incidents of domestic homicides and incidents of domestic violence are alcohol-related.violence are alcohol-related.

Heavy drinking contributes to illness in Heavy drinking contributes to illness in each of the top three causes of death; each of the top three causes of death; heart disease, cancer, and stroke.heart disease, cancer, and stroke.

Almost 1/2 of all traffic fatalities are Almost 1/2 of all traffic fatalities are alcohol related.alcohol related.

(National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence)(National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence)

The CostThe Cost Alcohol and drug abuse costs the American Alcohol and drug abuse costs the American

economy an estimated $276 billion per year economy an estimated $276 billion per year in lost productivity, health care expenditures, in lost productivity, health care expenditures, crime, motor vehicle crashes, and other crime, motor vehicle crashes, and other conditions.conditions.

Untreated addiction is more expensive than Untreated addiction is more expensive than heart disease, diabetes, and cancer heart disease, diabetes, and cancer combined.combined.

Every American adult pays nearly $1,000 per Every American adult pays nearly $1,000 per year for the damages of addiction.year for the damages of addiction.

(National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence)(National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence)

Substance Abusing Substance Abusing EmployeesEmployees

3x more likely to be fired3x more likely to be fired

2x as likely to resign2x as likely to resign

3.5x more accidents3.5x more accidents

3x more often absent3x more often absent 5x more likely to file workers 5x more likely to file workers

compensation claims compensation claims

(Department of Labor, 1999)(Department of Labor, 1999)

Alcohol and Drug Alcohol and Drug Testing Testing

RegulationsRegulations

Performance of Safety Performance of Safety Sensitive Functions is Sensitive Functions is

Prohibited:Prohibited: Within four hours after using alcoholWithin four hours after using alcohol While having a breath alcohol While having a breath alcohol

concentration of .02 or greaterconcentration of .02 or greater If in possession of alcoholIf in possession of alcohol If using alcoholIf using alcohol If a driver has used or tested If a driver has used or tested

positivepositive

for drugsfor drugs

Post Accident TestingPost Accident Testing

Personal injury requiring Personal injury requiring immediate medical attention away immediate medical attention away from the scene to any occupants from the scene to any occupants of the vehicle, another vehicle or of the vehicle, another vehicle or pedestrianpedestrian

Disabling damage to the Disabling damage to the commercial vehicle or another commercial vehicle or another vehicle (requiring the vehicle to be vehicle (requiring the vehicle to be towed)towed)

Drug and Alcohol and Drug and Alcohol and the the

Testing RulesTesting RulesHandbook for SupervisorsHandbook for Supervisors

Alcohol and Drug Alcohol and Drug EducationEducation

Alcohol EducationAlcohol Education

Effects of Alcohol on Effects of Alcohol on DrivingDriving

Approximate BAC (in Approximate BAC (in grams)grams)

Body WeightNumber of drinks 120 180 220

1

3

5

10

12

.03 .02 .02

.09 .06 .05

.16 .11 .09

.31 .21 .17

.40+ .29 .24

BAC and Impairment

                                                                                                                                                                                              

Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)

Factors influencing rate at Factors influencing rate at which BAC riseswhich BAC rises

WeightWeight

GenderGender

Food Food

MixerMixer

Strength of drink Strength of drink

Temperature of drinkTemperature of drink

Sobering UpSobering Up

CoffeeCoffee

Cold showerCold shower

Drinking waterDrinking water

TimeTime

VisionVision

Reduced rapid eye movementReduced rapid eye movement Longer to adjust to bright/dimLonger to adjust to bright/dim Blurred/double visionBlurred/double vision Vision impaired = distorted Vision impaired = distorted

perceptionperception Poor peripheral visionPoor peripheral vision

AttentionAttention

SpeedometerSpeedometer GaugesGauges Lights and warning signalsLights and warning signals Road conditionsRoad conditions TrafficTraffic Signals and signsSignals and signs People and animalsPeople and animals

Attention

Stare instead of scan

No headlights

Overshoot stop sign

ProcessingProcessingVision Awareness

Judgement

Risk TakingRisk Taking

Inhibitions = Showoff / Aggressive

Reaction Time SlowerReaction Time Slower

Braking timeBraking time Thinking/reflexesThinking/reflexes SteeringSteering Accelerator to brakeAccelerator to brake

(BAC .10 = 11% slower)(BAC .10 = 11% slower) Brake, signal, shift gears, steerBrake, signal, shift gears, steer

(BAC .05 = 41% slower)(BAC .05 = 41% slower)

Questions?Questions?

Drug EducationDrug Education

Drug PresentationsDrug Presentations

Prepare a presentation for the class Prepare a presentation for the class describing the drug assigned to your describing the drug assigned to your group. You can: group. You can: Make a posterMake a poster Do a skitDo a skit Write and present rap/poem/songWrite and present rap/poem/song Perform a puppet show Perform a puppet show Feel free to be creativeFeel free to be creative

MarijuanaMarijuana Immediate Effects:Immediate Effects: Reddened eyes; Reddened eyes;

increased heart rate; dry mouth and increased heart rate; dry mouth and throat; increased appetitethroat; increased appetite

Chronic and Long Term Effects:Chronic and Long Term Effects: Impaired Impaired short-term memory; altered sense of short-term memory; altered sense of time; slow reaction time; reduced ability time; slow reaction time; reduced ability to concentrate; impaired motor skillsto concentrate; impaired motor skills

Effects on Driving:Effects on Driving: Impaired reaction Impaired reaction time; impaired short-term memory; time; impaired short-term memory; reduced concentration; distorted time reduced concentration; distorted time and distance sense; lengthened glare and distance sense; lengthened glare recovery and depth perceptionrecovery and depth perception

CocaineCocaine Immediate Effects:Immediate Effects: Euphoria,Euphoria, dilated pupils; dilated pupils;

increase in blood pressure, heart rate, respiration increase in blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and body temperature rate and body temperature

Chronic and Long Term Effects:Chronic and Long Term Effects: Irritability, anxiety Irritability, anxiety and depression; seizure and heart attack; loss of and depression; seizure and heart attack; loss of appetite and sleeplessness; hallucinations of touch, appetite and sleeplessness; hallucinations of touch, sight, taste and/or smellsight, taste and/or smell

Effects on Driving:Effects on Driving: Lapses in attention and Lapses in attention and concentration; aggressive behavior; impaired motor concentration; aggressive behavior; impaired motor coordination; false sense of alertness and securitycoordination; false sense of alertness and security

AmphetaminesAmphetamines

Immediate EffectsImmediate Effects:: Increased heart rate, blood Increased heart rate, blood pressure and respiration; dilated pupils; dry pressure and respiration; dilated pupils; dry mouthmouth

Chronic and Long Term Effects:Chronic and Long Term Effects: Sweating, Sweating, headache, blurred vision and dizziness; headache, blurred vision and dizziness; decreased appetite; sleeplessness and anxiety; decreased appetite; sleeplessness and anxiety; depression; psychosis (hallucinations, depression; psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, or paranoia)delusions, or paranoia)

Effects on Driving:Effects on Driving: Overestimation of Overestimation of performance abilities; more accident prone; performance abilities; more accident prone; anxiety; irritability and overreaction; auditory anxiety; irritability and overreaction; auditory and visual hallucinationsand visual hallucinations

EcstasyEcstasy Immediate Effects: Immediate Effects: Increased energy; talkativeness; Increased energy; talkativeness;

alertness/paranoia; euphoria; physical rushes; loss of alertness/paranoia; euphoria; physical rushes; loss of appetite; jitterinessappetite; jitteriness

Chronic and Long Term Effects: Chronic and Long Term Effects: Depression; sleep Depression; sleep problems; severe anxiety; long term paranoia; psychosis; problems; severe anxiety; long term paranoia; psychosis; muscle tension; chills and nausea; blurred vision; brain muscle tension; chills and nausea; blurred vision; brain damagedamage

Effects on Driving: Effects on Driving: Severely effects accuracy, judgement, Severely effects accuracy, judgement, perception and the ability to concentrate; increases perception and the ability to concentrate; increases confidence and risk taking; produced unofficially, so confidence and risk taking; produced unofficially, so impact of adulterants is unpredictableimpact of adulterants is unpredictable

http://www.customs.ustreas.gov/photo/images/ecstasy/xtc101.jpg

OpiatesOpiates Immediate Effects:Immediate Effects: Relaxation and sleepiness; Relaxation and sleepiness;

reduction of pain; pinpoint pupils; cold, moist reduction of pain; pinpoint pupils; cold, moist and bluish skinand bluish skin

Chronic and Long Term Effects:Chronic and Long Term Effects: Restlessness, Restlessness, nausea and vomiting; user may go “on the nausea and vomiting; user may go “on the nod”, going back and forth from feeling alert to nod”, going back and forth from feeling alert to drowsy; addiction even with occasional use; drowsy; addiction even with occasional use; infections from unsterile solutions; illness such infections from unsterile solutions; illness such as hepatitis, AIDS and tetanus from using as hepatitis, AIDS and tetanus from using needlesneedles

Effects on Driving:Effects on Driving: Euphoric high followed by Euphoric high followed by stuperous inactivity; difficulty focusing; visual stuperous inactivity; difficulty focusing; visual distortion; loss of consciousness.distortion; loss of consciousness.

PCPPCP Immediate Effects:Immediate Effects: Effects are erratic and Effects are erratic and

unpredictable; increased heart rate and BP; flushing, unpredictable; increased heart rate and BP; flushing, sweating, dizziness and numbness; violent or bizarre sweating, dizziness and numbness; violent or bizarre behaviorbehavior

Chronic and Long Term EffectsChronic and Long Term Effects: : Stimulation of body Stimulation of body functions - can also act as a depressant, pain killer, functions - can also act as a depressant, pain killer, anesthetic or hallucinogen; change in user’s anesthetic or hallucinogen; change in user’s perception of own body and other forms; changes in perception of own body and other forms; changes in speech, muscle coordination and vision; “spacing speech, muscle coordination and vision; “spacing out’ of timeout’ of time

Effects on Driving:Effects on Driving: A sense of invulnerability and A sense of invulnerability and power; aggressive behavior; visual distortion; power; aggressive behavior; visual distortion; impaired coordination and dulled sensesimpaired coordination and dulled senses

Positive Tests Positive Tests ((1/10/10 – 11/3/10)1/10/10 – 11/3/10)

Pre-employment Pre-employment 1 1 (cocaine) (cocaine)

Reasonable SuspicionReasonable Suspicion 0 0 (2 conducted)(2 conducted)

RandomRandom 44 (3 THC, 1 (3 THC, 1

refusal)refusal)

Post accidentPost accident 0 0 (34 conducted)(34 conducted)

Return to WorkReturn to Work 00(3 conducted)(3 conducted)

Reasonable Reasonable SuspicionSuspicionTestingTesting

Role of the SupervisorRole of the Supervisor Ensure the safety of the driver, Ensure the safety of the driver,

the students, and the publicthe students, and the public

Use best skills and judgmentUse best skills and judgment

Determine if there is Determine if there is reasonable suspicion to testreasonable suspicion to test

ConfidentialityConfidentiality Subpart P - Confidentiality Subpart P - Confidentiality

§ 40.321   What is the general confidentiality § 40.321   What is the general confidentiality rule for drug and alcohol test information?rule for drug and alcohol test information?

.…, you are prohibited from releasing .…, you are prohibited from releasing individual test results to third parties without individual test results to third parties without the employee's specific written consent the employee's specific written consent

(a) A “third party” is any person to whom (a) A “third party” is any person to whom other parts of this regulation do not other parts of this regulation do not authorize or require the transmission of authorize or require the transmission of information in the course of the drug or information in the course of the drug or alcohol testing process. alcohol testing process.

Recent CasesRecent CasesSeptember 2009:September 2009: Illinois school bus driver arrested for Illinois school bus driver arrested for

Driving Under the Influence of Drugs after Driving Under the Influence of Drugs after endangering a bus full of seventh graders endangering a bus full of seventh graders by driving recklessly. Also charged with 41 by driving recklessly. Also charged with 41 counts of child endangerment.counts of child endangerment.

October 2009:October 2009: California school bus driver arrested for California school bus driver arrested for

Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol and Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol and child endangerment. Bus hit by a pick up child endangerment. Bus hit by a pick up truck after bus driver made a U-turn with truck after bus driver made a U-turn with 31 children on bus.31 children on bus.

REASONABLE REASONABLE SUSPICION VIDEOSUSPICION VIDEO

Reasonable Suspicion Reasonable Suspicion GuidelinesGuidelines

Ongoing observation/supervision of your Ongoing observation/supervision of your driversdrivers

Compare observations with handbook (p.7)Compare observations with handbook (p.7) Get second supervisor to confirmGet second supervisor to confirm Meet in privateMeet in private Arrange to send for testingArrange to send for testing Document your observations - use correct Document your observations - use correct

formsforms Questions? Call Miles Alban (HR) or EAPQuestions? Call Miles Alban (HR) or EAP

Reasonable Reasonable Suspicion Case Suspicion Case

ScenariosScenarios

Frequently Asked Frequently Asked QuestionsQuestions

Do you test a driver when a child is injured Do you test a driver when a child is injured on the bus and the injury is not the result on the bus and the injury is not the result of an accident?of an accident?

How do we select drivers for random How do we select drivers for random testing?testing?

Why do we test some people for alcohol Why do we test some people for alcohol only and others for drugs and alcohol?only and others for drugs and alcohol?

Who is responsible for taking the employee Who is responsible for taking the employee for reasonable suspicion testing?for reasonable suspicion testing?

Frequently Asked Frequently Asked QuestionsQuestions

Why don’t we test bus attendants?Why don’t we test bus attendants?

If I have a concern about a driver’s If I have a concern about a driver’s potential drug or alcohol use, can I potential drug or alcohol use, can I add him/her to my random testing add him/her to my random testing list?list?

What happens if an employee can’t What happens if an employee can’t supply any or a sufficient amount of supply any or a sufficient amount of urine?urine?

Thanks for coming!Thanks for coming!

For more information about the EAP, For more information about the EAP, contact us at contact us at 240-314-1040240-314-1040

or visit our website ator visit our website atwww.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/departments/eawww.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/departments/eapp