Lecture(3)Lecture(3)

Instructor : Dr. Abed Al-Majed Nassar

2009-2010

Sequence of Studies for a Single Major – Infrastructure

ProjectsA typical complete planning and implementation process involves a five-stage sequence of reports, documents, and actions for the project

A typical complete planning and implementation process involves a five-stage sequence of reports, documents, and actions for the project

Sequence of Studies for a Single Major – Infrastructure

Projects

First Sage: Preliminary (Or Reconnaissance) Report

This stage consists of office studies, field studies, and the preparation of a report. This report should answer the following questions: 

This stage consists of office studies, field studies, and the preparation of a report. This report should answer the following questions: 

First Sage: Preliminary (Or Reconnaissance) Report

Office studiesOffice studiesUsing available information contained in previous reports, maps, and data. Much of this information may be available from state, and local governmental agencies. Utilities, private firms and other sources. Basic materials include soils data; water quality information on environmental conditions, and population and socio-economic data.

Using available information contained in previous reports, maps, and data. Much of this information may be available from state, and local governmental agencies. Utilities, private firms and other sources. Basic materials include soils data; water quality information on environmental conditions, and population and socio-economic data.

Field reconnaissance and surveys studiesField reconnaissance and surveys studiesIt is needed to confirm the office studies, to suggest changes in the layouts and estimates, and to obtain detailed information concerning additional matters

It is needed to confirm the office studies, to suggest changes in the layouts and estimates, and to obtain detailed information concerning additional matters

Second Stage: Feasibility Report

This report is authorized in case of the available data in the preliminary report is not enough and needs more clarification and details.

This report is authorized in case of the available data in the preliminary report is not enough and needs more clarification and details.

Feasibility Report Contents

Feasibility Report Contents

Feasibility Report Contents

Third Stage: Final Design and Preparation of Contract

Documents 

•Contract documents include plans and specifications that are sufficiently detailed to obtain tenders (bids) from qualified construction and equipment contractors. The plans (drawings) and specifications are based on additional studies of the details of project works, the logistics of construction, other aspects related to temporary and permanent facilities, and the performance of contractors.

•The sponsor and its engineers and financial specialists review the tenders made by contractors.

•Contract documents include plans and specifications that are sufficiently detailed to obtain tenders (bids) from qualified construction and equipment contractors. The plans (drawings) and specifications are based on additional studies of the details of project works, the logistics of construction, other aspects related to temporary and permanent facilities, and the performance of contractors.

•The sponsor and its engineers and financial specialists review the tenders made by contractors.

Fourth Stage: Construction

When traditional contracts are employed for the purchase of construction and equipment, additional detailed drawings needed during construction are prepared by the sponsor's engineers and by the contractors subject to the sponsor's approval. Payments to the contractors are usually made based on measurements of work in progress or completed, in accordance with the terms of the contract documents. Usually, a percentage of each payment is withheld by the sponsor and released only when the work is entirely completed and accepted.

When traditional contracts are employed for the purchase of construction and equipment, additional detailed drawings needed during construction are prepared by the sponsor's engineers and by the contractors subject to the sponsor's approval. Payments to the contractors are usually made based on measurements of work in progress or completed, in accordance with the terms of the contract documents. Usually, a percentage of each payment is withheld by the sponsor and released only when the work is entirely completed and accepted.

The sponsor may employ outside engineers and other consultants to assist in operation

for a limited period, train operators, prepare manuals for operation and

maintenance, and monitor the performance of the various facilities. The operating rules may be changed on the basis of experience

during the operation of the project.

The sponsor may employ outside engineers and other consultants to assist in operation

for a limited period, train operators, prepare manuals for operation and

maintenance, and monitor the performance of the various facilities. The operating rules may be changed on the basis of experience

during the operation of the project.

Fifth Stage: Operation

Formulation of a Major Engineering Project

•The engineers (or the interdisciplinary team of specialists) who participate in project formulation define the location and arrangement of project components, with sufficient details concerning their sizes and functions, so that realistic cost estimates and other studies determining feasibility can be prepared.

•During project formulation, the planner starts with an understanding of the needs to be satisfied and/or the problems to be solved; evaluates the available data and other pertinent information; carries out other investigations; and conceives a plan to utilize land, water, and other resources to meet the project needs and problems.

•The engineers (or the interdisciplinary team of specialists) who participate in project formulation define the location and arrangement of project components, with sufficient details concerning their sizes and functions, so that realistic cost estimates and other studies determining feasibility can be prepared.

•During project formulation, the planner starts with an understanding of the needs to be satisfied and/or the problems to be solved; evaluates the available data and other pertinent information; carries out other investigations; and conceives a plan to utilize land, water, and other resources to meet the project needs and problems.

Factor affecting on Selection among Alternatives

Factor affecting on Selection among Alternatives

Uncertainties must be Assessed Primarily by Engineering Judgment

Project Costs

Project Costs

Capital costCapital costCapital recovery costs ( or ownership costs) are incurred by purchasing assets to be used in production and service. Usually Capital costs are nonrecurring (one time costs), where as operating costs recur as long as an asset is owned.

Capital recovery costs ( or ownership costs) are incurred by purchasing assets to be used in production and service. Usually Capital costs are nonrecurring (one time costs), where as operating costs recur as long as an asset is owned.

Annual costAnnual costIt is include the maintenance and operation item applies to labor, supplies, and replacement of short-lived equipments and materials.

It is include the maintenance and operation item applies to labor, supplies, and replacement of short-lived equipments and materials.