Infrastructure Industry in Mumbai

8/9/2019 Infrastructure Industry in Mumbai

1/64

A PROJECT REPORT ON

INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRY OF MUMBAI

SUBMITTED TO

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

BY

AMI.M.DAVE

T. Y. B.M.S.

YEAR 2005-2006

THROUGH

TOLANI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

ANDHERI (EAST), MUMBAI 400 093


2/64

CERTIFICATE

I, Dr. A. A. Rashid hereby certify that Ms. Ami.M.Dave of Tolani

College of Commerce, T.Y. B.M.S. (Semester V) has completed her

project titled INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRY OF MUMBAI in the

academic year 2005-2006. The information submitted herein is true and

original to the best of my knowledge.

Dr. A. A. Rashid Dr. Sheela Purohit

(Project Guide) (Principal)


3/64

DECLARATION

I, Ami M. Dave, of Tolani College of Commerce, T.Y. B.M.S.

(Semester V) hereby declare that I have completed my project titled

INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRY OF MUMBAI in the academic year

2005-2006. The information submitted herein is true and original to the

best of my knowledge.

Place: MUMBAI Ami M. Dave

Date:


4/64

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset I take the privilege to convey my gratitude to those who

have co-operated, supported, helped and suggested me to accomplish the

project work. This project work bears imprint, of many persons who are

either directly or indirectly involved in the completion of it.

I am also desirous of placing on record profound indebt ness to my guide

Prof. Dr. A. A. Rashid, Tolani College of Commerce, Andheri for thevaluable advice, guidance, precious time and support that he offered.

There is one person who has been a constant source of encouragement

and help, Mrs. Akshata Kadam, I hereby acknowledge all her efforts.


5/64

Objectives

1.To analyse Mumbais current infrastructure stepstowards improving it.

2.To analyse mishap of 26th July 2005 with Mumbaisinfrastructure.

3.To analyse Mumbais infrastructure plan and itspitfalls.

4.To study Mumbais disaster management incontrast to New Orleans.


6/64

Table of ContentsTopic

No.

TOPICS Page

No.

SECTION 1

1. Executive Summary 2-4

2. Introduction 5

Section 2

3. Mumbai infrastructure 7-9

Section 3

But will the plan be successful after 26th

July

2005

4. Introduction 11-12

5. What happened 13-14

6. What is Offshore vertex 15

7. The day after math 16-17

Section 4

8. Mumbai disaster management plan or

Mumbais proposed infrastructure19-24

9. Disaster of disaster management plan 25

10. What disaster management plan told and what

they did?

26-28

11. Why Deshmukh Government failed 29-30

12. Effect on tourism 31

13. Statistics 32-33

Section 5

14. New Orleans and Mumbai: A study in contrast. 35-37

15. They did it but we didnt- but still why we are the

Best.

38-40


7/64

Section 6

16. Survey analysis 42-52

Section 7

17. Recommendations for the next floods 54-55

18. Conclusion 56

19. Bibliography 57


8/64

Section 1

1


9/64

Executive summary

Name Mumbai

Land area 437.71 sq km

Population 12m (Mumbai municipality); 17.7m (Greater Mumbai)

Languages Hindi (the local variant is calledBambaiya Hindi), Marathi, Gujarati

and many other Indian languages. English is widely spoken.

Currency

The Indian currency is therupee, which is divided into 100paise. Notes are available

in denominations of 5 rupees (no longer printed), 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000

rupees, coins in 1, 2 and 5 rupees and in 25 and 50 paise.

Economic profile

Commerce determined Mumbais history. As India's largest trading port, it has

long served as the country's gateway: open and welcoming to foreigners, and

offering the promise of opportunity to fortune-seekers from the countrys

hinterland. Rudyard Kipling, who was born in Mumbai, wrote of the city she lentme worth, and gave me right to pride.

Mumbai's economy took off in the 19th century, when the British annexed western

India and the British East India Company was losing its monopoly over trade

between Britain and India. Merchants flowed in as restrictions on immigration were

loosened. Ships were built to export raw cotton, silk, opium and ivory. In 1854, the

city's first cotton textile mill opened, and the boom in cotton trade, sparked in part

by the American Civil War which cut off American supplies to Europe, earned

Mumbai its reputation as the Manchester of the East.

2


10/64

By 1865, Mumbai had 31 banks, 20 insurance companies, and 62 joint stock

companies. The first stock exchange was established in 1875. The opening of the

Suez Canal in 1869 consolidated the ports status. Cotton remained an economic

bedrock well into the 20th century, which also saw the arrival of an eclectic mix of

creative people, leading to the creation of Mumbais cosmopolitan culture, and the

profusion of the Hindi (so-called Bollywood) film industry, the largest in the

world.

Today, Mumbai has the buzz of a city on the move. It is the base for Indias leading

companies, such as Reliance, Tata and Air India, and its largest banks and financial

institutions, such as ICICI Bank, Housing Development and Finance Corporation

and Life Insurance Corporation. The Bombay Stock Exchange, which moved from

open-outcry to computerised trading in 1995, and the National Stock Exchange,

which opened in 1994 are India's top trading floors. The textile industry has given

way to the new economy of financial services; call centres and other business

process outsourcing services, information technology and entertainment companies.

A construction boom has created a new skyline of shopping malls, hotels and office

complexes. As the citys cheerleaders position Mumbai for Asian-tiger status, three

concerns override all others: the groaning infrastructure, lack of space and a

chronic housing shortage.

Mumbai is an island and restrictions on both new building and rent levels have

combined to send real-estate prices to levels rivaling those of Tokyo and Hong Kong,

and discussion of whether to increase the citys floor-space dominates local media.

Housing shortages as immigrants flow in from all over the subcontinent (population

is predicted to reach 27m by 2010) have led to the growth of slums: Dharavi, Asia's

biggest slum, sits alongside Bandra, the citys new centre of business. Poverty

afflicts millions. A symbiotic relationship has developed between the citys elite and

the slum-dwellers, many of who are employed in the domestic sector and in the huge

informal economy (which is estimated to contribute between 25% and 40% to

3


11/64

Mumbais output). In 2005, the biggest debate about the citys future concerned

how to develop 600 acres of land left vacant by former textile mills at midtown.

Mumbai's infrastructure is another problem. Roads are inadequate and the rail

system clogged. East-west linkages (current corridors have a north-south bias) are

sorely needed. Traffic congestion is especially bad between the airport and the

downtown business area. Lobby groups such as Bombay First are trying to

encourage companies to relocate to suburbs such as Bandra, and calling for

development of satellite towns on the mainland. There are signs that both the state

and national governments are prepared to address the problem. Some lobby groups

argue that a unified city government is what is needed. Governance and

infrastructure problems were both starkly underlined by the lack of readiness for

and the aftermath of particularly devastating monsoon floods in July 2005 Despite

its problems, Mumbai remains Indias biggest business center and has plenty of

potential: the influx of air routes to and from Europe and America is itself evidence

of its growing importance as both a tourist destination and a site of investment.

4


12/64

Introduction

There is nothing wrong if you want to dream. Dream you must to attain even the

seemingly impossible. And if you want your dreams to come true, you must preserve

and create the right congenial conditions. You have to take a total picture without

giving any room for lapses in one way or the other.

Mumbai, a city with more than 14 million people, has seen unplanned construction

of its physical infrastructure in recent years. An editorial in a national newspaper

blamed the greed of builders and their nexus to politicians for what the editor called

as the rape of the city.

Mumbai is the commercial and financial capital of India, generating about 5% of

Indias GDP and contributes over one third of the countrys tax revenues.

In addition, it handles major part of the port traffic of the country. With rapid

urbanisation and industrialisation during the last three decades, the population

growth has been mainly in the suburbs i.e. north of Mahim and Sion while thepopulation growth in the island city has remained more or less stagnant. The

population in the suburbs increased from 5 million in 1981 to 8.8 million in 2001,

while the population in the island city increased from 3.28 million to 3.30 million

during the same period.

The city of Mumbai with its present population of over 12 million generates more

than 10 million daily passenger trips catered by suburban railway and public

transport bus services provided by BEST. The ever growing vehicular and

passenger demands, coupled with constraints on capacity augmentation of the

existing network, have resulted in chaotic conditions during peak hours.

5


13/64

Section 2

6


14/64

Mumbai infrastructure

Geographically Mumbai lies at a prime location between London and Tokyo.

Mumbai should not only be a financial capital of the country, but should be animportant financial center even for South-East Asian and gulf countries.

Mumbai current infrastructure

Economic infrastructure

Airport

Mumbai has two airports. One domestic and the other international. Both airports

are located inside the city and are easily accessible.

Railway

Mumbai is the hub of the railway network in Maharashtra having three major

railway stations and the headquarters of two Railway Zones in India. Most of the

important places in India are connected by rail to Mumbai. Many important tourist

spots in the state are directly connected to Mumbai by regular trains.

Port

The state of Maharashtra is the Primary Hinterland for Mumbai P ort. Nearly 44 % of

its traffic originates w ithin the state. Mumbai city itself accounts for nearly 28 % of

the total traffic of Mumbai Port.

Port of Mumbai is situated almost midway along the west coast of India and is gifted

with a natural harbour providing ample shelter for shipping throughout the year.There are three enclosed wet docks namely Indira, Prince's and Victoria Docks. For

handling Crude and Petroleum products, there are four jetties at Jawahar Dweep

an Island in the Mumbai harbour. Chemicals and Products are also handled at Pir

Pau. The port, during its long chequered history of over 130 years, has been called

7


15/64

upon to handle all types of cargo handling up to approximately one sixth of the total

sea-borne trade of the country.

An extensive network of roads of over 126 kilometers serves the entire Port area.

The Port of Mumbai owns and operates its own Railway, which is connected to the

broad guage main lines of the Central and Western Railway at its Interchange

Railway Yard at Wadala. The Railway runs about 11 kilometers of straight route

between Ballard Pier and Wadala and has an extensive network of track of about

130 kilometers. It serves the Docks as well as the important installations and

factories on the Port Trust estates. It has its ow n fleet of 9 diesel locomotives. The

Railway handled around 1.58 million tonnes of traffic during 1997-98

Roads

Mumbai has the best road connection in India and all the places of importance are

conveniently connected to each other. BEST buses services as well as private

operators provide good services connecting all the major centers in the city.

Future plans

In order to accelerate the financial development of Mumbai and to improve the

living conditions of people, the State Government has prepared a comprehensive

plan to improve infrastructure are as follows

1. The project of Bandra-Kurla Sea Bridge costing Rs.1,306 crore will becompleted in the year 2007.

2. The works, costing Rs.1,113 crore under the Mumbai Urban TransportProject, which has been initiated with the help of the World Bank, have been

completed. Under this project 101 new suburban trains will be introduced by

the year 2007. Due to this, suburban railway travellers will get substantial

relief.

3. Under the Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Project (MUIP) costing Rs.2,600

crore, 462-kilometer roads, 41 flyover bridges, 66 subways and 300-kilometer

8


16/64

footpaths will be constructed. This will be helpful in improving the quality of the

main roads as well as to speed up East-West transport in the Mumbai.

4.The Mumbai Trans Harbour Link Project is taking concrete shape. The link

will be a 22 kilometers six lane road bridge on the sea connecting Mumbai Island

to the mainland. The project is estimated to cost Rs. 4,000 crore.

3. To relieve traffic pressure on Mumbai roads and railways, Government hastaken development of passenger water transport on the western and eastern

coast of Mumbai.

4. The scheme for modernisation of the State Police force is being implementedsince the year 2000-01. Up till now, an expenditure of Rs.556 crore has been

incurred on this scheme. Since 2000-01, under this scheme, 4,452 new

vehicles have been provided for the police force. For the year 2005-06, a

provision of Rs.184.20 crore is proposed for the modernisation of the police

force.

5. In order to increase collection of Tax and Fines from Motor vehicles on the22 border check posts of the State, it is necessary to create infrastructure

facilities including buildings, weight bridges, Road lanes and Computers

which would be linked to all the border check posts and office of Transport

Commissioner, RTO, or Dy.RTO. The approximate cost of the work would

be Rs.50 crore for the year 2005-06. It is proposed to make a provision of

Rs.50 lakh in the budget for the year 2005-06.

9


17/64

Section 3But will the plan be successful after 26

th

July 2005?

10


18/64

Introduction

When misfortune strikes it never strikes singlehanded but in battalions

Perhaps, this phrase would suit to what happened on 26 th July 2005. Mumbai has

many records mane and many historical events are dated until now, but the event

that took on 26th July was neither expected nor wanted. It was a wetty Tuesday,

which left lots of memories in the mind of mumbiates, some bad some good, yet the

chances of the second one are minimal. This was the first major event of this type,

yet mumbiates are said to lucky because they were saved from former two natural

havoc:

1. Cyclone, which destroyed kandla port2. Earthquake which shook Gujarat

The unexpected event has opened the loopholes of the government administration as

well all the government departments in front of public. This majorly relates to the

issue of the management done by government. The results are out and the

government is uncovered in fact totally exposed that how it is working, how it has

worked and would be likely to know that how it will work in future.

The whole system is corrupted. Take any of the department water; power telecom

(MTNL) from top to bottom every one is corrupted but, when such a natural

disaster occurred it seems like each and every individual was helping each other not

in the terms of food, shelter but also monetary.

The natural disaster has opened all the loopholes, for e.g. government said that the

roads were made pucca and will be able to withhold this monsoon, but we can look

11


19/64

at the situation that the roads have been cracked down. BMC and MMRDA have

spent Rs. 315 crores on road construction but the situation remains same.

Government is saying to privatize all the sectors to the public parties but in reality it

has never helped government to develop India infact it has ruined India for e.g. why

public sector company jessop worth about Rs. 2400 crores was sold for Rs. 18 crores

when it had Rs. 14 crores in its bank account. Why the VSNL stakes sold to Tatas

for Rs. 1500 crores when the cash assets they get in return itself is worth Rs. 1100

crores

The economic situation in our country today, is one of zero credibility and shame.

12


20/64

What happened?

The deluge came una r rainfall, but when

it hit, the rain wrecked havoc. On 26 July, Mumbai received a record- breaking rain

aikairs were stranded. Streets turned rivers and

ces for several days, prompting the

overnment to order electricity supply companies to resume operations forthwith.

ocution in Maharashtra; 429 of them in

300 cases of cholera, gastroenteritis and

nnounced. There were warnings of a highe

of 94 cm. Thousands of Mumb

transport networks ground to a complete halt. Mumbais suburban rail system

transports over eight million commuters a day, with 3500 buses chipping in to the

effort. But both lurched to a dead stop and people could not hope to leave their

places of work. Air services were also affected.

Massive water logging and congestion paralysed telephone lines and cell phone

systems. Electricity was shut off in many pla

G

The Bombay Stock Exchange suspended trading. The armed forces were called in

for rescue and food distribution work. Government authorities urged people to

remain indoors.

According to Indias Union Home Minister, Mr. Shivaraj Patil, 942 people were

killed by drowning, landslides or by electr

Mumbai itself, by the second of August.

dysentery have been reported in the state. 1200 buffaloes and 15,000 goats and

13


21/64

sheep died in the floods in Mumbai. The United Nations report (OCHA situation

report No. 3 dated 2 August 2005) said that 10,000 houses have collapsed and

225,000 ha of crops have been damaged.

The psychosocial dimensions of this disaster are manifold . Children scream during

eep and we feel helpless, said Rajubhai Sampat Sawant, a resident of

d the financial losses at

round one billion dollars. The Economist (issue dated August 4th, 2005) reported

painful, especially for

e millions of poor people like the unorganised workers whose survival depends on

sl

Shivashakthi Nagar of South Mumbai. The children were stranded for several

hours in the deluge. We saw bodies floating around. We are scared,said Kavita. A

caring administration and appropriate relief can go a long way in ensuring a sense

of security. However, this is far from reality. For example, residents of Shivshakthi

Nagar complained that they are being cut off from relief channels. We got nothing

during the past 4 days as we are not on the main road side,said Rajan Ubalaya Yogi,a youth leader of this Bhimwadi slum in South Mumbai.

News reports quoting senior government official pegge

a

financial losses to the tune of US$110 million in Maharashtra.

The flood is sending its ripples outside Maharashtra too. It is

th

daily wages. The plight of disadvantaged groups like the rag pickers and millions of

homeless people are critical. The union home minister informed the parliament that

half of Maharashtras 35 districts and more than 300 villages have been affected.

More than 52,000 people, majority living near the reservoirs, have been evacuated.

14


22/64

What is offshore vertex?

ut extremely localized, spread as little as 30 sq kms. Scientists say that in Mumbai,

Offshore Vortex is a rare phenomenon that is characterised by a heavy downpour,

b

firstly there were high winds in the Arabian Sea. The winds then took a turn to form

a trough. When it took 360 degrees, a vortex was formed. Then there was formation

of low pressure, strong winds shot up high in the atmosphere resulting in heavy

rain.

15


23/64

The day after math

The blame game in he MMRDA, the

builders, and others are blaming each other for the disaster in Mumbai. But, it is the

surances to take strict action against

the corrupt. But, how can the corrupt take action against themselves? And to rub

e not been evacuated and still the thousands of

people flow into Bombay every day.

e illnesses in India's financial capitalMumbai and surrounding regions following a weeklong deluge of rain. The death

the northern outskirts neighbouring Mumbai, India's

financial and entertainment capital, had risen to 68.

that officials believed was

responsible for many deaths. Leptospirosis is caused by exposure to water

es

during the floods.

Mumbai begins. The State Govt., the BMC, t

corrupt corporators, MLAs, MPs, and bureaucrats who have brought about the

horrific situation. They have neither basic knowledge nor education in town

planning or disaster management. Slums are allowed to proliferate on low-lying

areas and footpaths for enhancing vote banks.

Political leaders had droll out promises and as

salt on the wounds, the PM has praised the State Govt. for efficiently handling the

disaster. The PM should be reminded that it was not disaster management but

disastrous management in Mumbai.

The residents of the Mithi River wer

Over 157 people have died from water-born

toll in Mumbai rose to 89

The number of deaths in

A major worry was an outbreak of leptospirosis

contaminated with animal urine and symptoms include high fever and vomiting.

Many people had waded through neck deep water to reach safety or get suppli

16


24/64

Another concern was dengue fever. There has been an increase in deaths from

dengue fever in the Kalyan-Dombivli region.

the population are slumdwellers, and

neighbouring districts.

living memory. They turned streets into rivers and left piles

of garbage and rotting animal carcasses.

d there are at least 2,300 doctors treating

patients across 16 civic hospitals

earch body for treating the illness -- the National

Institute of Communicable Diseases in New Delhi -- were also in Mumbai to help

tra, known as India's industrial powerhouse state.

Many cases of viral fever, gastroenteritis and other illnesses were also reported in

Mumbai, a city of 15 million where over half

The illnesses have been incubating since the incessant rains ended August 2. The

rains were the worst in

Hospitals and medical centres in Mumbai and neighbouring districts were jammed

with at least 5,500 so-called fever cases an

Microbiologists from the Andaman-based National Leptospirosis Reference

Centre, and from India's top res

fight the illness.

The deaths from disease come after some 1,070 people lost their lives in the rains

across Maharash

17


25/64

Section 4

18


26/64

Mumbai disaster management plan

Or

Mumbais proposed infrastructurePlan focuses

Plans focuses to respond to a disaster threat or occurrence. It takes into account an

stimation of emergency needs and identifies the resources to meet these needs. Ite

also says the type of infrastructure needed for Mumbai.

Several changes stated by plan

Transport infra

low of vehicular traffic and also to adopt the traffic

in London city i.e. vehicles numbering last digit as

structure

Widening the roads for free f

anagement system as adoptedm

1, 3, 5, 7, 9 are not allowed on roads on Monday, Wednesday, Friday and vice -

versa of vehicles are not allowed on road on certain days. This will allow free flow of

traffic and will increase the speed of vehicle by 20 %.

Expansion of rail services

1. Optimisation on Western Railway (including 12 car rakes on through line)Railway (including 12 car rakes on through line)

z to Borivli

ntacruz to Borivli

2. Optimisation on Central3. 12 Car rake operation on local line of Central Railway4. Borivli-Bhayander additional pair of line.5. Bhayander-Virar additional pair of line.6. 5th line on Western Railway from Santacru7. Kurla-Thane additional pair of line8. 2 Car rake operation on local line of Western Railway9. 6th line on Western Railway from Sa10.East-West line: Bandra-Kurla11.Optimisation on Harbour line

19


27/64

12.5th line: Kurla-Dadar-CSTAdditional roads

For c between Sion and the city, the proposed truck

should be made operational and the access to the terminal via

n of special corridors for Fire Brigade, Ambulances, Police

clearing the heavy vehicle traffi

terminus at WadalaAnik-Panjarapole section needs to be provided. Other roads that need construction

include Santacruz-Chembur link road and Western Relief road from Juhu to

Dahisar.

Provisio

Keeping in view, the location of municipal and government hospitals, fire stations

nd police stations, special corridors for the movement of fire brigade, ambulancesaand police can be identified and reserved for these services. Plan should be evolved

to ensure that no other traffic is allowed to block the movement of these emergency

service units. This provision of reserved corridors requires identification of inter-

connecting small lanes and by-lanes so as to ensure complete north-south and east-

west mobility. No parking or any other encroachments should be permitted on such

identified corridors. No additional roads are envisaged in this proposal. The traffic

police in consultation with fire services and hospitals should be in a position to

identify such special corridors. Under this proposal, additional entrances for

casualty may be required in some hospitals.

Provision of special corridors for BEST

order to ensure that BEST buses do not slow down the traffic movement and also

, lanes can be reserved on the main

In

get a required priority being a mass transport

roads for these buses. On such roads with reserved lanes, the left-turn for other

traffic should only be permitted at the signals.

20


28/64

Non-parking roads

ith high vehicular density and the major arterial roads should be non-

e areas having concentration of chemical storages and

Roads w

parking zones. Also, th

processing have a high-risk to fires. Many of these units have settlements in theirvicinity, which may require evacuation. Roads connecting to theselocations should

be kept free from parking. This would allow for easy evacuation if necessary. For

example, Kurla-Mahul road through Vashi naka in the vicinity of the refineries,

section of Reay Road at Sewri etc., Sion-Mahim link road through Dharavi, can be

declared as no-parking roads to facilitate evacuations during emergencies. Main

access to all railway stations should also be declared as non-parking.

Sanitation facilities

Although there has been no serious outbreak of any epidemic in the city during the

here has been a daily quality monitoring of water supply,

he bottlenecks need to be

and cleaning

last thirty years, and t

sanitation facilities are inadequate. It is estimated that more than 40,000 toilets are

required to achieve a ratio of 1:25 families. The Slum Sanitation Programme of the

BMC may provide some relief, but is has serious limitations to reach out to all the

population. Innovative and non-conventional approach to sanitation is required

with sufficient financial allocations and political back up.

Sewer treatment and disposal facilities at Lovegrove, Bandra, Ghatkopar, Bhandup,

Malad and Versova need to be put on high priority and t

sorted out at the earliest.

Nallah training, soling

lnerable to floods. Also, in the absence of

leaning), most of these nallahs have a

The settlements along the nallahs are vu

training, soling and regular de-silting (c

tendency of flooding and choking. It is necessary that a programme of nallah

training, soling and cleaning be undertaken rigourously through the Storm-water

drainage department of the BMC. This may require shifting of some of the

settlements along the nallahs. For instance, Adarsh Nagar, Janata colony at Worli,

21


29/64

Hanuman Nagar at Malad, Devi pada at Borivali, Gawan Pada at Mulund (E),

Slums along Patel wadi Nalla, Chain of slums along the bank of Mithi river at Kurla

(W).

Increasing capacity of storm water drainage

f the storm-water drains needs to be augmented to a higher

n with the Government of

rgency Services

The present capacity o

capacity, which is under serious consideratio

Maharashtra/BMC. In keeping with this present concern, care should be taken to

ensure that no natural storm-water holding ponds are allowed to be encroached

upon and reclaimed. The proposal of delinking sewer and storm water drainage

system would further increase the capacity of storm water drainage and reduce the

coastal pollution.

Upgrading Eme

ns of the emergency services of police, fire brigade and

inadequate equipments and facilities. These

The response operatio

hospitals are often hampered due to

departments are currently engaged in identifying specific items that will help them

in their response operations.

Wireless communication

For efficient co-ordination and effective response, communication amongst line

police, fire brigade, municipal/government hospitals,departments such as BMC,

meteorological centre and BEST is essential. Upgrading the present communication

system with a more efficient wireless system can ensure this. The wireless system

should be full-duplex and also enable communication with different line

departments.

22


30/64

Display Boards

Electronic information display boards should be installed which could be

monitored from BMC control room. The messages displayed are essentially

instructional during the time of disasters. The information displayed will directpublic response and help the administration in localising the impact. In the normal

times, the same display boards can be used for community education on social

issues and disaster preparedness messages.

Public address systems in local trains

In order to keep the passengers informed about the movement of rail services,

especially during monsoon and other contingencies, public address systems needs to

be installed in all the rakes. This would also require a wireless contact between the

guard and the railway stations. Such a system would allow the passengers to take

timely decisions with respect to their travel.

Public address systems at railway stations and bus stations

All railway stations, BEST bus stations, MSRTC bus stations within MMR region,

should have the facility of public address system to keep the passengers updated on

traffic situation.

Cable TV networks

Information put on the cable TV networks may help the citizens to take decisions

with respect to their travel. Since cable TV operators have local coverage, a ward

wise arrangement will have to be made for information inputs.

Control on land reclamation

All existing water bodies and storm water holding ponds will have to be protected

under strict development control rules. Clauses providing for any exceptions should

be deleted from the development control rules.

23


31/64

Conclusion

This is what it meant by the term,SANGHAI

24


32/64

Disaster of disaster management plan

For the me n itself as

an estimated ten-lakh peopl ernment offices, suburban

stations and bus stands for well over 24 hours.

The ambitious disaster management plan provided comprehensive guidelines for

management of crisis in the event of floods, earthquake or communal disturbances.

The main emphasis of the plan was effective coordination with the officials of the

home department, transport, railways, civil aviation, health and voluntary

organisations.

Chief Secretary Arun Bongirwar, Central Railway Chief Public Relations Officer

Mukul Marwah, his Western Railway Countet Party Vinod Asthana and BEST

General Manager Rahul Asthana took initiative to tackle the situation, but the

results were not visible. Apparently, every one ignored the warning of heavy rainfall

issued by the weather bureau.

One of the most important highlights of the disaster management plan was release

of information to the people on the steps to be taken to tackle the crisis and efforts

being made by the government for the purpose. ``No doubt, we took certain steps, but

there was absolutely no coordination between the government agencies, as a result,

more than a million passengers were virtually stranded on the roads,'' a senior official

said.

The official said though the Central as w ll as the Western Railway cancelled its

suburban as well as long distance trains and asked the BEST to deploy additional

buses for the commuters stranded on the railway stations, the government was in

the dark on the steps being taken by other agencies to tackle the situation.

tropolis the biggest disaster was the disaster management pla

e were stranded in gov

e

25


33/64

What the disaster management plan told

and what they have done?

1. Disaster management plan emphasizes:

To improve transport infrastructure by adopting London method of traffic

controlling.

Fact:

Official were not aware of disaster management plan how can they be awareof London method of traffic controlling?


It said that for a free flow of traffic there should be additional roads and all

the traffic of sion junction should be to divert through anik panjrapole.

Fact:

There was no additional road made and the traffic could not be diverted

through Anik panjrapole road, as there was 5000 slums were staying along

the roadside, which make road to congest for traffic to flow.


DMP told for special corridors for flow of fire brigade, BEST buses, Police

vans, Ambulance and other necessary services. Thus during time of

emergencies services can be reached to people.

Fact:

Until now no special corridor are made for any of the above services except

for BEST buses at king circle but there also private vehicles rush in. the fact

26


34/64

can be seen that around 3000 best buses were jammed in traffic during flood

and many of them were damaged.


s that there should be No parking zones alongDMP say the highways

especially during the peak hours.

Fact:

s

oadside. The measures are taken to pick up van and the victim

ase it by paying fine but measures are not taken to demolish it totally.

5. isaster management plan emphasizes:

The fact is that every day Traffic van picks up around 500 700 vehicle

around the r

can rele

Hence the story repeats again and again.

D

anitation facilities i.e. MAHADADMP says that there is an urgent need of s

latrines.

Fact:

The ration is 1:25 people and the sufferers are railway tracks where every

6.day people release their waste.

Disaster management plan emphasizes:

DMP emphasizes on cleaning the Nallah and gutters before monsoon.

Fact:

The water flooding actually shows that the drainage system was not properly

7.

cleaned which results into block of water.

Disaster management plan emphasizes:

It emphasizes on upgradation of emergency service system

27


35/64

Fact:

The emergency service system has never been upgraded or never put to an

plementation. Our officials also would not know that last when it was

8. phasizes:

im

upgraded.

Disaster management plan em

asizes on having the wireless communication between the times ofIt emph

emergencies.

Fact:

The fact is that there was no coordination among the department forget

about wireless.

9. Disaster management plan emphasizes:It emphasizes on putting up the display boards at the highways and junction

in order to divert the traffic.

Fact:

The fact is that none of the display boards has been setup at any of the

junction.

10.Disaster management plan emphasizes:It emphasizes at public address system in the trains, railway stations and the

us stops.BEST b

Fact:

The fact is that the normal indicators at stations were not running forget

bout PASa

28


36/64

Why Deshmukh government failed?

The Vi

to hundreds of thousands of Mumbai and Maharashtra residents devastated by thetorrential rain. Although it was engaged in relief work soon after the crisis began on

Tue l initial hours of the calamity

failed t

On July 26, as the magnitude of the crisis increased alarmingly in Mumbai, instead

of con

administration to do a bit of everything. The administration failed to accord priority

to the relief/rescue work and the areas of operation.

As the

behind ns in low-lying areas, restoring power, draining

water out of waterlogged areas, supplying essential commodities, restoring

communication and maintaining law

The administration behaved as a fire fighter; instead of concentrating on saving

people's liv were scattered.

The situation w y of

Mumbai's suburbs, shut down its transfor

compa rs were flooded with rainwater and continuing operations

could have created a risk. Bureaucrats also failed to decide what kind of relief work

they w

Deshmukh has been given total access to central resources. Congress party

resident Sonia Gandhi called Deshmukh thrice, asking him to show quick results.

he also recommended that people get milk free of cost and that essential items be

ade available in the open market at cheaper prices.

lasrao Deshmukh government failed to decide its priorities in rendering relief

sday, July 26, lack of smart planning in the crucia

he Congress-led government.

centrating on what it wanted to do, political leaders instructed the

rain submerged Mumbai, the government was challenged to put its resources

the rescue of marooned citize

and order.

es on the first day of the crisis, its energies and efforts

orsened when Reliance Energy, which supplies electricity to man

mers in many areas. According to the

ny its transforme

anted to handle in the crucial first hours

p

S

m

29


37/64

One of the official says, that the Center has a limited role to play in natural

calamities like floods and heavy rain. It can only provide some financial assistance; it

is the state's responsibility to do most of the relief work.

During his visit to Maharashtra, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh offered Rs 5

billion or Rs 500 crores of central assistance to Maharashtra to manage relief work.

Maharashtra asked for army and navy personnel, some help from the Central

rs. These were promptly dispatched.

orks.

Reserve Police Force and a few helicopte

Medical teams and additional supplies were also been sent to Maharashtra.

Thus Deshmukh government lacks political acumen. The Indian administrative

machinery needs an iron hand to deal with a crisis, else, nothing w

30


38/64

Effect on Tourism sectorThe unprecedented deluge in Mumbai has hit the earnings of the tourism industry.

Tourist inflow into India in August decelerated sharply to the years low of 6.9%,

s after

e Far East got rid of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars) scare.

n inflow ofurists. However, the comforting feature is that the growth rate did not turn

egative in the aftermath of the rain and flood in Mumbai.

Mumbai suffered the worst rain and flood in living memory during July. Even

Mumbai airport, which caters to the bulk of foreign tourist arrivals in India,

remained inoperative for days as a result of flooding.

n July itself, the tourist arrival growth rate slipped to 7.3%, compared with 19.4%in the corresponding month last year. The growth in tourist inflow was 16% a

month earlier in May 2005.

uring January-August period, around 2.38 million foreign tourists arrived in the

ountry, recording a growth of 15.6% over the corresponding period in the last

ear.

As far as foreign exchange earnings are concerned, tourism yielded about $3.74billion during January-August 2005.

This means Bombay not only occurred financial loss from property but also lossed

large amount of foreign exchange.

against a robust growth of 28.6% during the corresponding month last year. The

earnings in dollar also slipped to 10.6%, against 40% in August 2004.

Tourist arrivals during August 2004 were very high, recording a growth of 28.6%.

Foreign tourists have started moving in large numbers to Asian destination

th

As far as the current year is concerned the Mumbai rain had a bearing oto

n

I

D

c

y

31


39/64

Statistics

BMC Burden

Mumbai area 438 sq Km

Population 1.5 croresEmployees 1.19 Lakhs

1 employee serves 96 personsBudget 7000 crores

Salaries 4,200 crores which is 70 % of budget

Loss statistics

Mumbai

Population affected 15 millionDeaths Above 415Power Restored the next day in the city but

took up to 12 days in some suburbs.

Garbage 2.80 Lakhs tones of garbage clearedin 12 days

Fever related deaths 212

Kalyan

Population affected 12 LakhsDeaths 63Power Took 5 days to restoreWater supply Restored in 3 daysFever related deaths 41

32


40/64

Thane

Population affected 15 LakhsDeaths 31

Power Took 5 days to restoreWater supply 70 % Restored in 3 daysFev ser related death 31

Ulhasnagar

Population affected 6 LakhsDeaths 16Power Took 3 days to restore

Water supply Restored in 3 daysFever related deaths 3

33


41/64

34

Section 5

34


42/64

New Orleans and Mumbai: A study in contrastIt is not only the shocking incompetence of the US authorities in dealing with the

isastrous aftermath of Hurricane Katrina that has surprised people in India. What

no less disturbing is the complete collapse of law and order over vast areas in

merica's Gulf Coast region. The contrast between what happens in India during

ch a time of trouble is too stark to be missed.

merica

d

is

A

su

A

he promptness with which the looters began ransacking shops and indulging in

ape even as the victims of the natural calamity struggled without the basic

ecessities of life raised nightmarish visions of a lawless society.

he apoca of legal

uthority b ct. That

the revers est and

most powe merican

a ministra

Indian

T

r

n

T lyptic scenes raised questions not only about the breakdown

ut also of the social order that normally regulates human condu

ion to the laws of the jungle was taking place in the worlds rich

rful country seemed to reveal hitherto unsuspected aspects of A

tiveand social life.

a

d

What is amazing is that such scenes are unimaginable in India although this country

too has experienced the wrath of nature on countless occasions, the most recent of

which was the floods caused by incessan

capital Mumbai for the better part of a week.

Yet, even as citizens, including school chil ained marooned in their cars or

buses for hours, or had to walk throug miles of flooded streets to get to their

homes, there was not a single case of mole

was the same in the tsunami-hit areas l ns of

southern India.

t rains that paralysed India's commercial

dren, rem

h

station or rape or of shops being looted. It

ast year in Chennai and other tow

35


43/64

here might have been a partial failure of the administrative machinery in India iT n

is not that Mumbai or Chennai are crime-free cities. Like all metropolitan towns,

ve their underworld. Mumbai especially is known for its 'dons' and their

merica

the sense that efforts to rescue the affected and provide relief were initially rather

slow. But the social order did not break down even though few police personnel

were on the streets. Nor any 'shoot at sight' orders had to be issued, as was done in

New Orleans.

It

they also ha

murderous gangs, who not infrequently engage in armed warfare between

themselves and with the police. Rapes are also not unknown, even by delinquent

policemen.

But somehow, in the face of a natural disaster, the human instincts of survival and

compassion seem to have prevailed in the Indian towns over the criminality of the

underclass that has been so much in evidence in America.

A

ible that the blacks, which have long been among the most dispossessed in

ay from the oncoming storm, it was

because they didn't have the resources in terms of money or other homes or the

l response to the disaster was shockingly slow, it might have been

because the blacks, and not the whites, had been hit the most. Rev. Jesse Jackson

It is poss

social and economic terms in the American Deep South, have never felt as alienated

as in the aftermath of the havoc wrought by the hurricane.

1.If they failed to leave the towns to get aw

homes of relatives in safer areas. It is obvious to anyone watching the horrifying

scenes on television that the blacks constitute the overwhelming majority of thesufferers.2.If the officia

36


44/64

had this sense of discrimination in mind when he said that the African

d the Ku Klux Klan and the burning crosses.

e hardened law-breakers.

Americans were regarded as 'foreigners'.

It is no secret that the blacks are not a well-integrated part of American society.

What is more, their sense of exclusion is even greater in the south, the land of the

confederates an

When there is a collapse of the civic machinery, therefore, they do not feel any

responsibility towards society, no inner urge to stand together with fellow citizens

till help is available. Instead, as 'foreigners' they wreak vengeance on a land that

hasn't treated them well for decades and whose ill treatment has made so many of

them becom

India

Indian society is far more cohesive. There are differences between the rich and the

poor and between castes and communities. But no one feels totally excluded. The

dian belief in destiny and the prevailing social norms in respect of the castes

rtain amount of acceptability of the system in which everyone is deemed

ctity to social relations,

emocracy has eliminated the rough edges, with the result that society is perhaps

eve

sys

tim

It may be concluded that the difference between New Orleans and Mumbai at a time of

isaster is that the former is less cohesive in social terms.

In

ensure a ce

to have his allotted place.

Even as these traditional customs have given a special san

d

n more integrated today than before. It is because everyone has a stake in the

tem that no outrageous incidents of murder and mayhem take place in India at a

e of trouble.

d

37


45/64

They did it we didnt

Hurricane, Katrina, US Torrential, Mumbai, India

E

e

it heads towards the east coast

T

g that a cloud over

the suburbs could burst and bring

mergency response teams with hitech

quipment track hurricane Katrina as

The state government ignored the ME

departments warnin

extremely heavy rain

People are quickly evac

areas likely to be

h

levels were rising fast

uated in from

in the line of

urricane

Office goers were not asked to leave

from home later that day though water

Active help lines are setup in

Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and

F

Mobile phones services crashed and

landlines were blocked making BMC and

tlorida railway emergency help lines redundan

D

l

a

in

ed

ut

which roads to avoid and other trafficdiversions

etailed information is relayed on

ocal radio and television stations

bout how to deal with the situation

Traffic police were wondering

hindsight whether they could have us

the citys FM stations to relay news abo

T

a

t

of

ot

he US military is pressed into service

long with naval maritime rescue

eams

The military and naval corps, both

which have stations in Mumbai, were n

alerted till two days later.

Helicopters and hovercrafts are used

to rescue stranded citizen in the event bus depots get flooded the

way they did on July 26

BEST says they should have fiber boats

F

a

cities, mobile home parks and floating

dormitories

an

few municipal schools for

ederal emergency management

gency puts people in cruise ships, tent

The BMC could do nothing better th

open up a

stranded people to stay the night.

38


46/64

President G. W

situation despi

res

ao Deshmukh is

r not being hands

leaving the situations to agencies like

. Bush monitors the

te the presence of

Chief minister Vilasr

blamed by his rivals fo

pective state governors. on enough during the floods and

BMC, railways, and Mumbai police

One city mayor actually appears on

television and urges citizen to get out

of the city as quickly as possible. day either.

Mumbai mayor Datta Dalvi was actually

touring the Konkan on July 26 and was

not in the city the next

But still we are the best, because?

39


47/64

Because:

Recently GOD gave tough time to both p

Katrina and Mumbai due to very rains. Pe

difference. USA...World's most developed .

eople of New Orleans due to hurricane

ople suffered both the side. But there is a

nation and India...Third world country

Just look at the comparisons and know yourself w

The Disaster

ho is better...

Mumbai New Orleans

Inches of rain 37.1 (27 July) 18

Population 1.5 crores 4,84,674

Deaths within 48 hours of disaster 37 100

Number of people evacuated 10,000 Entire city

Cases of shooting, Rape None countless

Status after 48 hours Mumbai is on

feet

It is still waiting

for relief,

electricity

hat will happen to US then a bigger disaster hits them and their useless workforce

is not able to save the citizens. They should consider training themselves for the

sasters and terrorist attacks rather than just sleeping in comfort. Learn from

Indians...

But do not be in an impression that what Mumbai has left behind is totally because

government, no, not at all it is because of the peoples who showed their resilience,

fortitude, courage and patience in dealing with this calamity.

W

di

of

40


48/64

41

Section 6

41


49/64

Survey analysis

bjective:O

To analyze the several questions as

given below:1. What are the problems you faced?2. Did you get any facilities?3. Are you satisfied with what government has done?4. What are the facilities that should be initiated at the time of floods?5. Is Mu6. Can M7. Has g8. Wher9. Wher10.Which of the following do you feel to rejuvenate?

urvey methodology

he survey was conducted among 100 respondents from suburbs, western and the

arbour lines. The ration of male female was not taken into consideration and it was

sked to all the 100 people who suffered from the deluge.

he set of 10 questions were accompanied with options, since they were allowed to

xpress their opinions freely, which has been listed out with their respective sections.

mbai still good place to live?

umbai still become sanghai?

overnment failed to serve the purpose?

e do you think the government has to do reforms?

e do you think that the government has to improve?

S

T

h

a

T

e

42


50/64

What are the problems you faced?

3. Overnight stay prob

they faced transportation and jammed traffic problems

r. Nagesh one of the interviewer says, hum log barah ghante sadak par gadi ke

6 % of the people say that they did not get food and water as they were in the

iddle of the roads i.e. on highways and also most of the shops were closed and

hich were opened ran shortage of food.

1. Transportation and jammed traffic.2. Food and water problems.

lem.

81 %Transportation /

Food and water

Overnight stayproblems

16 %

3 %

81 % of the people say that

because there were no vehicles available to reach home and if so they used to get

stuck in traffic because of flooded street.

M

saath the, humein naa koi khana dene aya aur naa hi koi pani, hum gaadi chood ke

bhi jaaye kaha.

1

m

w

43


51/64

Did you get any facilities?

7 % of the people say that they did not get any of the facilities whereas 3 % of the

eople say that they got some help on their way.

97 %

3 %

No

Yes

9

p

Mrs. Rama, who is working with an MNC, said that one of the local residents gave

them food to eat, as all the hotels were running out of food.

44


52/64

Are you satisfied with what government has

done?

of the respondent said that they were not satisfied with what the government

d with Mumbai

tration, this is how the commercial head of our country runs, we were struck in

out food and water and there seems no

e road, we were not knowing what is the

how to move from here.

I had to go to virar and I was at churchgate

ted there was so much rush that it was

le for the senior citizens like us to move.

100 %

No

100 %

has done.

respondent said , we are totally not satisfieMr. Pravin one of the

adminis

traffic for 16 hours with our cars, with

government officer or police official on th

position and

Mr. Jalan one of the respondent says,

for last 2 days, and when the trains star

practically impossib

45


53/64

What are the facilities that should be initiated

at the time of floods?

1. Disaster warning equipments.2. Display boards.3. Separate corridors for emergency services.

6 % of the respondents said that there should be implementation of the disaster

76 %

15 %

9 %

Disaster warningsystems

Display boards

Separate corridors

7

warning systems so that the public can be alerted as early as possible. The system

should not be only for floods but also for other natural calamities.

15 % of the respondents replied to place display boards so that the traffic positions

can be known.

9 % of the people say that there should be special corridors for emergency services.

46


54/64

Is Mumbai still good place to live?

hese were the shocking results, which were found in the survey, as 89 % of the

eople say that Mumbai is still a place to live where as 11 % of the people says that

is not.

r. Ravi Kadam, says, there is place for every one in Mumbai, you can food but you

mmercial Hub of

dia, how can we shun it and more over it has been a beautiful lifestyle from allover

s India has.

89 %

11 %

Yes

No

T

p

it

M

cant shelter over here.

Ms. Archana one of the respondent says, that, Mumbai is the co

In

country, every thing is at your hands tip and accessible, there is no comfort in any part

of the country a

47


55/64

Can Mumbai still become Shanghai?

r. Aakash, one of the respondents said, if Mumbai can stand on its feet within 48

r. Archana said, Mumbai has the potential, it contributes more than half of the

96 %

4 %

Yes

No

96 % of respondent said that Mumbai could still become sanghai, where as only 4 %

said that it had lost its lure.

M

hours why cant it can become Shanghai.

M

country economy, the main failure is our political system, its totally corrupted.

48


56/64

Has government failed to serve the purpose?

d that the government has failed to serve the purpose of

e public.

ays, We are contributing more than

alf of the countrys economy and look what are we getting in returns.

at but, the thing is going a way around.

100 %

Yes

100 % of the respondents sai

th

Mr. Rajiv Sharma one of the respondent s

h

Ms. Archana says, Mumbai is the commercial head and it should be treated like

th

49


57/64

Where do you think the government has to do

reforms?

1. Technology2. Infrastructure

er

ilk, look at the roads etc. infrastructure

eeds drastic change.

59 %

41 %

Technology

Infrastructure

59 % of our respondent said that infrastructure should be improved where as oth

41 % of the respondent said that technology should be improved.

Mr. Pravin says, Mumbai is the commercial hub of the country and look at the

basic amenities, we get water adulterated m

n

50


58/64

Where do you think that the government has to

agement plan.

of disaster management plan.

of an disaster

anagement plan where as 5 % said that there should be proper disaster

e of the respondents said, we had not heard of disaster

anagement plan before floods, its after floods we are hearing about it that Mumbai

as disaster management plan. The officials had not declared it before to masses nor it

ad been implemented. This shows how lazy our old government was and new

overnment is.

improve?

1. Disaster man2. Implementation

Disaster managementplan

94 %

5 %

Implementation

1 %

Dont know

94 % of the respondents said that there should be implementation

m

management plan and 1 % dont know what is disaster management plan.

Mr. Aurojit Gupta, on

m

h

h

g

51


59/64

Which of the following do you feel to rejuvenate?

1. Infrastructure2. Sewage and garbage disposal system

78 %

Infrastructure

Sewage and disposalsystem

22 %

Mr. Amar one of our respondents says that the whole infrastructure should be

rejuvenate and not only sewage and disposal system as it the part of our

infrastructure.

52


60/64

53

Section 7


61/64

Recommendations for next flood

1. To set up Disaster cell at each stations i.e. from CST to Karjat / Kasara andfrom churchgate to virar. And each of the cell should be connected with

disaster management cell (head quarters) with wireless connections so that

the coordination can be maintained and also that they can take action

according to the situation of their areas.

The cell should be equipped with

Food materials dry ration like rice, wheat, oil, sugar and other essential.

Cooking fuel (kerosene and LPG gas) and utensils.

Potable water and water purification materials like halogen tablets and

chlorine.

Equipment for Immediate disposal of carcasses.

Mechan

Clothes

Bedding

Medical

2.

To implement the GPS system at bus depots and Railway

stations

3.Next monsoon is a long way to go but, Rome was not

build in one day so the clean up of gutters should be

started from now itself.

4. Put up the display boards at crucial junctions so that jammed traffic can beacknowledged.

5. To setup special corridors for BEST buses and other emergency services.6. To lower down the traffic the London system of traffic management should

be adopted.

7. Complete the construction of roads and flyovers as soon as possible.

ism to track the missing

, especially for women and children

s and sheets

assistance and hygiene promotion measures

54


62/64

8. Com9. Dig were the

10.

pletion of 5th railway line between Ghatkoper Thane.

ging up gutters at Santacruz, between Sion Matunga as these

areas where tracks were submerged into water, as there were no gutters.

Set up for disaster warning system.

55


63/64

Conclusion

Bombay is stinkin

pto? Are we not turning to nelsons eye and a deaf ear to please for our

Mumbai development? It is just Nero fiddling while Rome was burning.

The Bhopal gas tragedy which struck havoc on 3rd, December 1984 create a rich

h harvest of precious human lives. The MIC gas in the early hours of the dawn

when whole of Bhopal was in bed, the MIC was on the prow. When the news of

the leak riched out the reach of Bhopal spares as fast as their wheels could carry

their bed gasping and fainting, fretting and fuming they dropped down dead like

dogs. It was black chutter in the white mans rule.

emember the tsunami. Many of us have never heard of that before when it

truck south. It caused a lot of losses in the terms of human as well as financial.

he days are not far when such havoc will struck Bombay in coming days as the

rrential rain was just an trailer and remember picture has to be released.

Remember, Rome was not built in a day. If we want to make our life safe than

e steps have to taken from now since the past has gone which has made us

arn from our mistakes and the future is unknown.

ts high time that we welcome back to our senses in at incites to curve the

enace of torrential. A ball is in mans court it is for man to decide whether to

convert or destroy this Bombay. Its time at we say i.e. Aamchi

Mumbai, swach Mumbai

g, sinking and going to dogs and what are we mumbiates

u

R

s

T

to

th

le

I

m

that we mean wh

56


64/64

Bibliography

Books

1.Reintegrating India with world economy T N Srinivasan2.Globalizing cities Ronald Van Kempen

Newspapers

1. Mumbai mirror2. DNA3. TOI4. Hindustan times

Magazines

1. India today2. Outlook3. Business & economy

Internet

1. Goole.com2. Statedisastercell.com3. Mah.gov.in

Places visited

Infrastructure Industry in Mumbai

Documents

Transcript of Infrastructure Industry in Mumbai