Infrastructure, Economy and Space GEMINFRECS.2013-2014.2B

mastercourse Faculty of Spatial Sciences

2013/2014, semester 2-b

1. Program / Timetable

2. Course goals, content and format

3. Assignments

4. Grading

5. Case study projects not available

6. Examples of possible case study projects

7. Participants

teacher: P.J.M. van Steen Department of Economic Geography

p.j.m.van.steen@rug.nl room 0.19, Mercator

visiting/walk-in hours – see the link on the 'Announcement' section of this course on NESTOR

IES Infrastructure, Economy & Space 2014 Faculty of Spatial Sciences - 2013/14 - semester 2-b (April 14 – July 11, 2014)

1. Timetable Tn – teaching weeks, En – exam weeks

wk date meetings tasks/assignments

T1 Thursday April 17

LECTURE 1

13:00-14:45 (5412.0025) - Introduction course topic - Explanation course structure - Instruction group assignment

(Friday April 18 – University closed, Easter weekend)

T2 (Monday April 21 – University closed, Easter weekend)

Tuesday April 22

optional: 09:00-10:45 walk-in hours in order to receive feedback on the feasibility of the topic of your proposed physical infrastructure group project (room 5417.0019)

Wednesday April 23

optional: 09:00-12:45 walk-in hours in order to receive feedback on the feasibility of the topic of your proposed physical infrastructure group project (room 5417.0019)

Thursday April 24

LECTURE 2

13:00-14:45 (5412.0025)

ASSIGNMENT 1

submit not earlier than April 17 17:00 and not later than April 24 19:00 by e-mail (*) - Students enrolled in the course but whose names are not included in one of the group proposals submitted before 19:00, will be de-enrolled from the course (in the understanding they are no longer interested in taking this course). These assignments. including the preference for presentation/workshop dates, will be processed in order of submission.

T3 Monday April 28

LECTURE 3

15:00-16:45 (5412.0025)

Before 15:00: each group receives feedback on Assignment 1.

(Paul van Steen out of office, on fieldwork with Brazilian students to Berlin, April 29 – May 7)

Friday May 2

ASSIGNMENT 2

submit before 17:00 by e-mail (*)

T4 (Paul van Steen out of office, on fieldwork with Brazilian students to Berlin, April 29 – May 7) (Monday May 5 – University closed, Liberation Day)

Tuesday May 6

Before 09:00 each group receives feedback on Assignment 2

Thursday May 8

LECTURE 4

13:00-14:45 (5412.0025)

T5 Monday May 12

LECTURE 5

15:00-16:45 (5412.0025)

Tuesday May 13

ASSIGNMENT 3

submit before 17:00 by e-mail (*)

Thursday May 15

LECTURE 6

13:00-14:45 (5412.0025)

Friday May 16

Before 17:00: each participant receives feedback on Assignment 3

Infrastructure, Economy & Space 2014 Faculty of Spatial Sciences - 2013/14 - semester 2-b (April 14 – July 11, 2014)

IES

Tn – teaching weeks, En – exam weeks

wk date meetings tasks/assignments

T6

T7 Monday May 26

ASSIGNMENT 4

submit before 17:00 by e-mail (*)

(Thursday May 29 and Friday May 30 – University Closed, Ascension Day and Day After Ascension Day)

T8 Tuesday June 3

WORKSHOP I

13:00-18:00 (5412.0025)

Only for groups that deliver their group presentation in today’s workshop:

ASSIGNMENT 5 – hand in group report: as

hard copy and as Word document by e-mail (*)

ASSIGNMENT 6 – hand in PPT by e-mail (*)

both assignments to be submitted before 19:00

Thursday June 5

WORKSHOP II

13:00-18:00 Workshop II (5412.0031)

Only for groups that deliver their group presentation in today’s workshop:

ASSIGNMENT 5 – hand in group report: as

hard copy and as Word document by e-mail (*)

ASSIGNMENT 6 – hand in PPT by e-mail (*)

both assignments to be submitted before 19:00

E1 Wednesday June 11

WORKSHOP III

13:00-18:00 Workshop III (5412.0025)

Only for groups that deliver their group presentation in today’s workshop:

ASSIGNMENT 5 – hand in group report: as

hard copy and as Word document by e-mail (*)

ASSIGNMENT 6 – hand in PPT by e-mail (*)

both assignments to be submitted before 19:00

E2

E3 Friday June 27

WORKSHOP IV

11:00-17:00 Workshop IV (5412.0025)

Only for groups that deliver their group presentation in today’s workshop:

ASSIGNMENT 5 – hand in group report: as

hard copy and as Word document by e-mail (*)

ASSIGNMENT 6 – hand in PPT by e-mail (*)

both assignments to be submitted before 19:00

E4 Friday July 4

Detailed grade reports for Assignment 5 will be made available not later than today, before 17:00

(*) 'e-mail' = send e-mail, with subject line ‘IES 2014 Assignment X‘ to p.j.m.van.steen@rug.nl

IES Infrastructure, Economy & Space 2014 Faculty of Spatial Sciences - 2013/14 - semester 2-b (April 14 – July 11, 2014)

2. Course goals, contents, and format

Course goals Participants of this course acquire understanding of the multidimensional relation between the development of physical infrastructure and the spatial-economic development of places and regions. They can apply the acquired knowledge to specific examples of infrastructure development. They can identify the positive and negative effects of infrastructure on spatial structures and processes, and in terms of economic impacts, and relate these to government policies. Participants can develop and defend a grounded vision (statement) on a specific infrastructure project by means of comparative reasoning and deduction from theoretical discourses and by means of empirical comparisons.

Course contents "Infrastructure is the most geographically specific instrument which a government can use to guide economic development" (Barber, 1978). Even in well-developed societies, the cry for more investments in roads and other forms of physical infrastructure can be heard constantly – e.g., many stakeholders point at the necessity of additional infrastructure investments in order to maintain the competitive position of The Netherlands. In a number of introductory lectures, knowledge and insights developed in the fields of Economic Geography and Spatial Economics will be discussed that together explain the importance of physical infrastructure for firm location and local-regional economic development. A number of analytical models in order to grasp this importance will also be introduced.

Course formats The course focuses on the analysis of physical infrastructure projects by groups of (4) students. Each group selects an infrastructure project: recently constructed, improved or expanded infrastructure - roads, railways, harbours, bridges, tunnels, airports. It is not recommended to select new proposals for the future, as there will not be much secondary data or literature available. However, proposals for expansion or improvement of existing physical infrastructure can be accepted. An important condition is that the case study project should be contested: there should advocates AND opponents. Each group prepares a presentation (powerpoint, in English) as well as a written report (in Dutch or in English). Both products should meet detailed conditions; the most important condition is that each group actively finds and uses relevant academic (scientific) literature in order to analyze: (a) project and process organisation of the project, and (b) economic and spatial effects of the project. Furthermore, each participant of the course should deliver critical statements (or ‘provocative statements’, or ‘value judgements’) in English - one statement for his or her own infrastructure project, as well as for approximately 6 of the other projects that are analyzed in this course. The statements should be inspired by, or deduced from, but in any case contextualised by (at least two) sources of academic/ scientific literature. In 4 workshops, the chosen infrastructure projects are presented and discussed. Participants should attend at least two of these workshops. In these workshops, for each of the presentations a few statements will be selected and the presenting groups will be asked to reflect on these statements. All in all, the presentations, the reports and the statements should explicitly make a connection between scientific knowledge on the interrelatedness of infrastructure, economy and space on the one hand, and considerations on the costs, benefits and feasibility of physical infrastructure on the other hand.

Infrastructure, Economy & Space 2014 Faculty of Spatial Sciences - 2013/14 - semester 2-b (April 14 – July 11, 2014)

IES

3. Assignments

Assignment 1 (submit not later than Thursday, April 24, 19:00)

Each group submits an e-mail including: 1. group composition (names + studentnumbers) – all participants of the course should make sure they become a member of a group. A list of student names and e-mail addresses will be handed out in the first lecture. 2. title of proposed infrastructure project (including an alternative should your project already have been chosen by somebody else; “first come, first served”). Make sure your title is univocal – so, describe your infrastructure project in more than a few words. The proposed infrastructure project should be a completed project (in the last 1 to 25 years), or an existing project for which an expansion/improvement/replacement is being proposed. Make sure the infrastructure project has advocates and opponents (see also Assignment 2). 3. preferred date for group presentation in a workshop – June 3, June 5, June 11 or June 27. All group members should attend the same workshop in which they present their case study. If the date request can be approved (approvals will be given in order of submission of assignment 1), individual participants are free to choose which other workshop(s) they will attend. All course participants should attend at least one additional workshop (next to the workshop in which they will present their group project).

Assignment 2 (submit not later than Friday, May 2, 17:00) Each group submits an e-mail including a project description: a short document (1 or 2 pages) , in Word (not PDF), (‘Project Plan’) including: 1. short description of the infrastructure project (200-300 words) 2. stakeholders: most important advocates (at least 3) and most important opponents (at least 3) 3. first selection of academic literature to be used in the project (name at least 3 academic sources)

Assignment 3 (submit not later than Tuesday, May 12, 17:00) Each individual participant of the course submits 1 statement (in English) on their (own) group’s infrastructure project. The statement should be ‘critical’, or ‘provocative’, or take the form of a ‘value judgement’. The statement should include a solid argumentation (in Dutch or in English) of 200 to 300 words (excluding bibliographical references). Each statement should be explicitly and clearly based on, inspired on, or deduced from, and in any case be contextualised by, at lesat two academic sources. A reference to these sources should be included with each statement. The references should be presented as a full bibliographical reference (e.g.,: Smith, R. (2010), Infrastructure benefits. In: Journal of Infrastructure Analysis 62 (3), p. 633-634).

Assignment 4 (submit not later than Monday, May 26, 17:00) Each individual participant of the course submits 1 statement (in English) for each of a number (approximately 5 or 6 – to be decided not later than May 1) of assigned other infrastructure projects (assigned by the course teacher in advance on Nestor). The statements should be ‘critical’, or

IES Infrastructure, Economy & Space 2014 Faculty of Spatial Sciences - 2013/14 - semester 2-b (April 14 – July 11, 2014)

‘provocative’, or take the form of a ‘value judgement’. Each statement should include a solid argumentation (in Dutch or in English) of 200 to 300 words (excluding bibliographical references). Each statement should be explicitly and clearly based on, inspired on, or deduced from, one or two academic sources. A reference to these sources should be included with each statement. The references should be presented as a full bibliographical reference (e.g.,: Smith, R. (2010), Infrastructure benefits. In: Journal of Infrastructure Analysis 62 (3), p. 633-634.

Assignment 5 (submit on day of workshop presentation, not later than 19:00) In groups of 4 participants, participants make a case study of an infrastructure project. They deliver a written report (25 to 30 pages, in Dutch or English). This report should be submitted on the day the infrastructure project is presented in a workshop, in hard copy as well as by e-mail (Word document). The report should have the following structure, and contain the following items: 1. Introduction – a short description of the project, including explicit presentation of the 4 key scientific works that you will use for items 3, 4, 6 and 7. These scientific sources should be from different writers/organisations. Each source could be used for one or more of the items 3, 4, 6 and 7, but you are required to identify at least 4 key scientific works. The use of more academic/scientific sources is encouraged, but you should identify 4 as key references. 2. Project description, including project positioning – what is the position of this infrastructure project in the larger infrastructural system to which it belongs? 3. Analysis of necessity and urgence of the infrastructure project – in an objective way (at least 4 pages), including arguments of advocates and opponents. 4. Analysis of stakeholders (at least 4 pages). 5. Implementation of the project – when did the construction/expansion/improvement start, when did it finish, what were important moments (in time), did changes take place and if so, why? 6. Economic impacts of the infrastructure project (at least 4 pages). 7. Spatial impacts of the infrastructure project (at least 4 pages). 8. End evaluation of the project – on the basis of your analysis of the items #2 through #7, how do you evaluate the infrastructure project? What lessons can be learned from this project for future projects? 9. Reflection on the scientific literature that you used for items 3, 4, 6 and 7. For the items 3, 4, 6 and 7, one participant takes end responsibility and his/her name will be added to the chapter as the responsible author. This does not imply that other group members can not contribute to these chapters/items. Assignment 5 will largely be graded as a joint/group effort, but the end mark for individual participants will be higher or lower in line with the quality of the chapters/items 3, 4, 6 and 7: - items 1, 2, 5, 8 and 9 are marked as a group mark (that contributes for 75% to the individual end mark for Assignment 5; - the items 3, 4, 6 and 7 contribute for 25% to the individual end mark for Assignment 5. In case a group has less than 4 members, please consult the course teacher to agree on a different task-division/responsibility/marking scheme.

Infrastructure, Economy & Space 2014 Faculty of Spatial Sciences - 2013/14 - semester 2-b (April 14 – July 11, 2014)

IES

Assignment 6 (submit on day of workshop presentation, not later than 19:00) In groups of 4 participants, participants deliver a presentation (30 minutes, powerpoint in English). The powerpoint should be submitted on the day the infrastructure project is presented in a workshop. The powerpoint should have the following structure: 1. Introduction, including a justification – why has your group chosen this specific infrastructure project? How have you collected information on this infrastructure project? 2. Project description, including project positioning – what is the position of this infrastructure project in the larger infrastructural system to which it belongs? 3. Analysis of necessity and urgence of the infrastructure project – in an objective way, including arguments of advocates and opponents. 4. Analysis of stakeholders. 5. Implementation of the project – when did the construction/expansion/improvement start, when did it finish, what were important moments (in time), did changes take place and if so, why? 6. Economic impacts of the infrastructure project. 7. Spatial impacts of the infrastructure project. 8. End evaluation of the project – on the basis of your analysis of the items #2 through #7, how do you evaluate the infrastructure project? What lessons can be learned from this project for future projects? 9. Reflection on the group process – was your group able to work effectively and efficiently? Did you encounter any problems or drawbacks?

4. Grading

Assignment 3 (1 statement on your own project) – 5 % of end mark (individual mark) Assignment 4 (statements on other projects) – 25 % of end mark (individual mark) Assignment 5 (written group report) – 60 % of end mark (individual/group mark) Assignment 6 (presentation/discussion group report) – 10 % of end mark (group mark)

The grades for Assignments 3, 4 and 6 are final; the assignments can not be repeated in an attempt to achieve a higher grade. Not submitting Assignments 3 or 4 on time, or absence at the workshop presentation (Assignment 6), will automatically lead to the (Dutch) mark 1 for the assignment.

The grade for Assignment 5 must be at least Dutch 5.5. If the grade for one or more members of the group for Assignment 5 is lower than 5.5, but not for all members, the members that have lower than 5.5 will be given the opportunity to resubmit their chapter. If the grade for all group members for Assignment 5 is lower than 5.5, the group will be given the opportunity to resubmit the whole report.

End marks for the course are only calculated for those students that have at least a 5.5 for Assignment 5. If the calculated end mark is lower than 5.5, an additional assignment will be agreed upon that will be marked. The new end mark is then: (the regular end mark of the course * 0.70) + (0.30 * mark for additional assignment). The additional assignment will, in most cases, be a paper assignment of 3000 words. The submission date of the additional assignment will be agreed upon.

IES Infrastructure, Economy & Space 2014 Faculty of Spatial Sciences - 2013/14 - semester 2-b (April 14 – July 11, 2014)

5. Case study projects not available (As these infrastructure projects have been selected in 2011/2012 or in 2012/2013)

Betuwelijn (railroad line Rotterdam-Zevenaar) A2 highway expansion Hanzelijn (railroad line Zwolle-Lelystad) Runway extension Groningen Eelde Airport Polderbaan runway Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Canada line (railroad line Vancouver metropolitan area) Great Belt Bridge, Denmark (Zealand-Funen) The Big Dig, Boston, USA Westerscheldetunnel High speed railroad Madrid-Barcelona, Spain High speed railroad Brussels-Amsterdam BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit), San Francisco metropolitan region ‘Willy Brandt’ Berlin Brandenburg Airport Iron Rhine – railroad line Antwerp-Mönchengladbach Port of Rotterdam extension (Maasvlakte 2) Afsluitdijk (Enclosure Dam, Friesland-Noord-Holland) Oresundbridge Denmark-Sweden Combiplan Nijverdal (railroad/road tunnel) Milau Viaduct, France Noordersluis, IJmuiden Tweede Maasvlakte (Second Meuse Area), Port of Rotterdam Channel Tunnel

6. Examples of possible case study projects

Expansion airport Prague Ruzyne Expansion of London Heathrow Airport (third runway) Rijnlandroute (extension of N11 highway from A4 to A44) Broadening en deepening of Wilhelminacanal (near Tilburg) Expansion of Lelystad Airport A10 tunnel South Corridor (Amsterdam) Detroit River International Crossing Houtribdijk (Lelystad-Enkhuizen) E67 (Prague-Talinn/Helsink) upgrading to motorway or expressway (e.g., in Poland) Thameslink Programme London Detroit People Mover West LRT (Light rail train), Calgary, Canada Fortaleza Metro (Brazil) Extension of Porto Algere Metro (from Sau Leopoldo Meuseum to Novo Hamburgo), Brazil Copenhagen Metro M1 line

Infrastructure, Economy & Space 2014 Faculty of Spatial Sciences - 2013/14 - semester 2-b (April 14 – July 11, 2014)

IES

7. Participants

First Name

Last Name Username E-mail

Patrick Patiwael s1544217 P.R.Patiwael@student.rug.nl Peter Vos s1693433 P.Vos.3@student.rug.nl Lydia Wijbenga s1702440 L.M.Wijbenga@student.rug.nl Thijs Stutterheim s1706632 T.H.Stutterheim@student.rug.nl Johnnie Meijer s1717626 J.J.Meijer.4@student.rug.nl Hermannes Visscher s1732528 H.J.Visscher@student.rug.nl Alex Sarfo s1736221 A.P.Sarfo@student.rug.nl Quinten Dengerink s1782304 Q.N.Dengerink@student.rug.nl Sanne Feenstra s1795082 S.Feenstra.8@student.rug.nl Tim Polman s1796046 T.Polman@student.rug.nl Maarten Duisterwinkel s1800221 M.Duisterwinkel@student.rug.nl Stijn Hovens s1881094 S.Hovens@student.rug.nl David de Vries s1881221 D.M.de.Vries.5@student.rug.nl Ellen Stutterheim s1883623 E.T.Stutterheim@student.rug.nl Myrthe Leijstra s1884573 M.L.Leijstra@student.rug.nl Fabian Wieland s1888471 F.Wieland@student.rug.nl Kino Kino Fahmi Elias s1896423 K.F.Elias@student.rug.nl Jorn van der Scheer s1907212 E.J.van.der.Scheer@student.rug.nl Dieter Bruin s1911066 D.Bruin@student.rug.nl Rutger ten Have s1911899 R.ten.Have.2@student.rug.nl Kyrinn van de Brink s1923382 K.B.Z.van.de.Brink@student.rug.nl Jordy Janssen s1923471 J.T.Janssen@student.rug.nl Matijn Hoekstra s1928686 M.C.Hoekstra.1@student.rug.nl Linda Kerstholt s1959387 L.kerstholt@student.rug.nl Tjeerd-Jan van der Velde s1960032 T.van.der.Velde.1@student.rug.nl Esther Parker Brady s1966537 E.M.Parker.Brady@student.rug.nl Ellen Stoppels s1987127 E.Stoppels@student.rug.nl Ivar van Os s2011603 I.J.O.van.Os@student.rug.nl Anja Boekenoogen s2019736 A.K.Boekenoogen@student.rug.nl Steven Wester s2034298 S.T.Wester@student.rug.nl Jeroen van der Zwam s2037696 J.van.der.Zwam@student.rug.nl Erik Swart s2059827 E.J.Swart@student.rug.nl Rik van Eck s2061880 R.van.Eck.1@student.rug.nl Liesbeth de Vries s2069016 E.A.de.Vries.3@student.rug.nl Luuc Alferink s2246988 L.A.Alferink@student.rug.nl Jan-Jacob Posthumus s2376369 J.Posthumus.2@student.rug.nl Steven Pots s2385708 S.R.Pots@student.rug.nl Pascal Kiers s2387301 P.R.Kiers@student.rug.nl

IES Infrastructure, Economy & Space 2014 Faculty of Spatial Sciences - 2013/14 - semester 2-b (April 14 – July 11, 2014)

First Name

Last Name Username E-mail

Thomas Schoorlemmer s2417456 T.W.Schoorlemmer@student.rug.nl Pieter Euser s2422174 P.Euser@student.rug.nl Kees Brouwer s2424134 K.Brouwer.3@student.rug.nl Berber Dedden s2425076 B.Dedden@student.rug.nl Stenfinn Deguelle s2426366 S.H.L.M.Deguelle@student.rug.nl Silvana Gamboa s2446057 S.Gamboa.1@student.rug.nl Ekawati Ekawati Banjarnahor s2495074 E.Banjarnahor@student.rug.nl Aditya Putra s2495732 T.A.Putra@student.rug.nl Susana Tecante Gutierrez s2517361 K.S.Tecante.Gutierrez@student.rug.nl Niels van der Steen s2566931 N.A.van.der.Steen@student.rug.nl Sanne Bokking s2575302 S.Bokking@student.rug.nl Tarek Eissa s2582341 T.A.el.Eissa@student.rug.nl Fieke Visser s2585782 H.L.Visser.3@student.rug.nl Arjen Bosma s2586355 A.Bosma.6@student.rug.nl Dexter Du s2589737 J.Du.1@student.rug.nl Anne Marel Hilbers s2594463 A.M.Hilbers@student.rug.nl Rikki Gordon s2594749 R.P.Gordon@student.rug.nl Marina Sanders Paolinelli s2598744 M.Sanders.Paolinelli@student.rug.nl Henrique De Mello Vasconcellos Neves s2598876 H.De.Mello.Vasconcellos.Neves@student.rug.nl

Lucas Vieira Magalhaes s2598884 L.Vieira.Magalhaes@student.rug.nl Undis Neilands s2601664 U.Neilands@student.rug.nl Brian Tool s2611147 B.Tool.1@student.rug.nl Harijs IJabs s2653303 H.IJabs@student.rug.nl Effrosyni Chlempou s2653389 E.Chlempou@student.rug.nl Mathias Feimer s2653397 M.Feimer@student.rug.nl Antonios Karamoschos s2653427 A.Karamoschos@student.rug.nl Zita Gelencsér s2653486 Z.R.Gelencser@student.rug.nl Corinne Lunden s2657546 C.J.F.Lunden@student.rug.nl Marianne Wolz s2657570 M.S.Wolz@student.rug.nl Malcolm Simpson s2667495 M.Simpson@student.rug.nl Wout te Hofste s2694948 W.J.te.Hofste@student.rug.nl

List of participants compiled on April 17, 08:00 AM Should your name NOT be included in the list above, you need to: a) send me, p.j.m.van.steen@rug.nl , an email asking to be enrolled in the course b) contact other students included in the list above in order to become a group member