Information Technology BTA3O - Unit 1. Central Processing Unit Memory RAM ROM Input Devices Output...
-
Upload
bruno-allen -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
5
Transcript of Information Technology BTA3O - Unit 1. Central Processing Unit Memory RAM ROM Input Devices Output...
Information Technology
BTA3O - Unit 1
CentralProcessing
Unit
Memory
RAMROM
Input Devices
Output Devices
Secondary StorageDevices
Computer Hardware Functions
Input Devices
Keyboard Mouse Graphic Tablets Ports (USB, Serial, etc.) Modems Scanners Digital Cameras
Output Devices
Monitors Ports Modems Printers Plotters Disk Drives Machine Interfaces
Ports and Connectors
Ports are categorized by their mode of transmission:– Parallel port
Standard parallel port (printers) Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
– Serial port Standard serial port (modem, mouse) Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Connectors– Male have one or more pins– Female have locators that match the pins on the male
Storage
Hard Drive Floppy Drives CD-ROM RW-CD-ROM DVD RW-DVD Flash Memory
Disk Capacities
Floppy: 1.4 MB Flash Memory 32 MB – 2 GB Hard disk: 20 GB – 1000 GB CD: 700 - 800 MB DVD: 4.7 GB - 17 GB
1 BYTE = 1 CHARACTER1 KILOBYTE = 1000 BYTES1 MEGABYTE = 1000 KB or 1,000,000 KILOBYTES1 GIGABYTE = 1000 MB or 1,000,000,000 KILOBYTES
Magnetic Disk Storage
Disk Fragmentation
Fragmented disk shows spaces where data has been removed
Defragmenting has placed all files in contiguous spaces
Defragmenting a drive will increase efficiency for file retrieval
CD-ROM and Optical Disks
CD-ROM (compact disk ROM)– 650 MB of information
CD-R (compact disk-recordable) DVD-ROM (digital versatile disk)
– 4.7 gigabytes
DVD-ROM Dual Layer– 9.4 gigabytes (movies)
Magneto-optical (MO)– 230 MB, 650 MB, 1.3 GB– supports read and write operation
Bays
Areas inside the computer base, specifically designed to facilitate the installation of additional equipment
External Bays– one open end for loading and unloading storage media such as diskettes, tapes
and CD-ROMS Internal Bays
– completely enclosed - inside the case– for hard disk drives
Memory
RAM = Random Access Memory– The space available to a computer to use while
performing operations. The space is emptied out when the computer is turned off.
ROM = Read Only Memory– The memory programmed by the manufacturer
containing system information.– Cannot be overwritten without special software.
Power Supply
The purpose of the power supply is to convert the AC power to a more useable form for the computer.
Newer machines use less power allowing CPUs to run faster without overheating.
Operating Systems
The operating system acts as the interface between the application and the computer system.
The following are examples of operating systems– Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, and Macintosh
Operating System SoftwareOperating System Software
Role of Operating System Software is to:– perform common computer hardware functions– provide a user interface– manage system memory– manage processing tasks– provide networking capability– control access to system resources– manage files
Networking
A network is defined as two or more computers connected together
– Peer-to-peer when a server is not involved– Client-server when a server is involved
Uses and Benefits of a LAN– Security through id and password– Shared peripherals– Shared storage– Shared Applications– Reliability and Resilience– centralized backup systems for data recovery– centralized virus protection
Types of Networks
Star Network– Centralized hub (typical systems)– Each machine runs independently from
the other, but hubs connect Ring Network
– All machines arranged in a ring– Built in redundancy with dual-ring– Fibre optics and token ring
Bus Network– All machines on the same line– Difficult to repair but inexpensive to
construct
Adapting to ChangeAdapting to Change
Adapting to an ever changing environment is a challenge all businesses must face.– Business end-users must define business needs,
evaluate options, and select the hardware and software that provide a cost-effective solution to those needs.
– The information system industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends to remain current.
ConclusionConclusion
Hardware devices work together to perform input, processing, data storage, and output.
Networks allow computers to share information and resources.
There are two main categories of software: systems softwaresystems software and application softwareapplication software
An operating system (OS) is a set of computer programs that control the computer hardware to support users’ computing needs.