Information Systems and Technology Networks and Interfaces.
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Transcript of Information Systems and Technology Networks and Interfaces.
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Information Systems and Information Systems and TechnologyTechnology
Networks and InterfacesNetworks and Interfaces
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NetworksNetworksA group of interconnected A group of interconnected
people or things.people or things.A number of interconnected A number of interconnected
computers, machines or computers, machines or operations.operations.
“New Oxford Dictionary”“New Oxford Dictionary”
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Basic Communication TheoryBasic Communication Theory
A message transmitted from a sourceA message transmitted from a source 1) Simplex1) Simplex 2) Half Duplex2) Half Duplex 3) Full duplex3) Full duplex
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Measurement of Measurement of Transmission SpeedTransmission Speed
1) Bandwidth1) Bandwidth 2) Baud Rate – Bits per Second2) Baud Rate – Bits per Second
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Connecting ComputersConnecting Computers
LAN - Local Area NetworkLAN - Local Area Network WAN – Wide Area NetworkWAN – Wide Area Network Modem – Modulator – DemodulatorModem – Modulator – Demodulator
• Converts digital signal to analog signal Converts digital signal to analog signal and backand back
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Connecting ComputersConnecting Computers
ISDN – Integrated Services Digital ISDN – Integrated Services Digital NetworkNetwork
DSL – Digital Subscriber LineDSL – Digital Subscriber Line Cable Modem - BroadbandCable Modem - Broadband
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Advantages of Using a NetworkAdvantages of Using a Network
1) Shared data1) Shared data 2) Shared software2) Shared software 3) Shared hardware resources3) Shared hardware resources 4) Communications4) Communications 5) Reliability5) Reliability 6) Expandability6) Expandability 7) Control7) Control
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Network ComponentsNetwork Components
1) File server1) File server 2) Network operating system2) Network operating system 3) Workstations3) Workstations 4) Network topology4) Network topology
Type of cable usedType of cable used Cable layoutCable layout Network adaptors or interface cardsNetwork adaptors or interface cards
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Network Topology
Cable TypeUnshielded twisted pair
Co-Axial
Fiber optic
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Network Topology
Cable LayoutBus layout
Ring layout
Star layout
Network adaptors
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Networks are for sharingNetworks are for sharingWord processingWord processing
SpreadsheetsSpreadsheetsE-mailE-mail
DatabasesDatabases
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Each sharing operation has Each sharing operation has its own set of rulesits own set of rules
StandardsStandards ProtocolsProtocols TCP/IPTCP/IP
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Network ModelNetwork Model
1) Network Operating System1) Network Operating System Software that runs the networkSoftware that runs the network
2) Workstations (Peripherals)2) Workstations (Peripherals) 3 Network topology3 Network topology
a) Network Interface Carda) Network Interface Card b) Network Cablingb) Network Cabling
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Workstations Workstations (Peripherals)(Peripherals)
Servers – two typesServers – two types a) Files serversa) Files servers
RedirectorsRedirectors b) Print serversb) Print servers
SpoolersSpoolers
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Hardware in a NOSHardware in a NOS
Dedicated file serverDedicated file server LAN adaptorLAN adaptor Network communicationsNetwork communications Username & privilegesUsername & privileges Netware file server software / data filesNetware file server software / data files
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Hardware in a NOSHardware in a NOS
Client computerClient computer Application programApplication program Operating systemOperating system RedirectorRedirector Network communicationsNetwork communications Interface card driverInterface card driver LAN adaptorLAN adaptor
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Hardware in a NOSHardware in a NOS
Print ServerPrint Server LAN adaptorLAN adaptor Interface card driverInterface card driver Network communicationsNetwork communications Print server softwarePrint server software
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Two Types of NetworksTwo Types of Networks
Peer to PeerPeer to Peer Client to PeerClient to Peer
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Peer to PeerPeer to Peer
Separate workstations tied together Separate workstations tied together with cable through a hubwith cable through a hub
Allows sharing of information and Allows sharing of information and resourcesresources
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Advantages of Peer to Advantages of Peer to PeerPeer
Cheaper to install and maintainCheaper to install and maintain Can readily be expanded or Can readily be expanded or
convertedconverted Allows sharing of information and Allows sharing of information and
resourcesresources Does not use a file serverDoes not use a file server
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Disadvantages of Peer to Disadvantages of Peer to PeerPeer
Less management controlLess management control No multitaskingNo multitasking Each workstation is in controlEach workstation is in control
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Client to Peer
Workstations using a central file server
Allows sharing of information on a central source
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Advantages of Client to PeerAdvantages of Client to Peer
Uses central servers to maintain Uses central servers to maintain controlcontrol
Better management controlBetter management control Better data securityBetter data security Fast responseFast response Room for expansionRoom for expansion MultitaskingMultitasking
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Disadvantages of Client to PeerDisadvantages of Client to Peer
CostCost Complex to operate and maintainComplex to operate and maintain
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Network Interface Card
Also called a LAN adaptor PCI PC Card Adaptors
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Cabling
Tying it all together Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Coaxial Cable Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Fiber Optic
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UTP
Speed & Throughput Fast enough
Average Cost Cheapest
Media & Connector Size Small
Maximum Cable Length Short
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Coaxial Cable
Speed & Throughput Fast enough
Average Cost Inexpensive
Media & Connector Size Medium
Maximum Cable Length Medium
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STP
Speed & Throughput Very Fast
Average Cost Expensive
Media & Connector Size Large
Maximum Cable Length Short
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Fiber Optic
Speed & Throughput Fastest possible
Average Cost Most expensive
Media & Connector Size Tiny
Maximum Cable Length Very long
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Wireless Networks
Wireless LAN Local Area Network – Connections for
portable PC’s Each portable has a Wireless Access
Card Reaches a 100 to 200 ft circle
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Wireless Connections
Based on IEEE 802.11 Standard IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers 802.11 Standard – 54 mbps connection
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BluetoothBluetooth
Uses radio technology at lower power Uses radio technology at lower power levelslevels
Reduces interferenceReduces interference
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Telecomm Technology in Guest Telecomm Technology in Guest RoomsRooms
Cordless phones – a portable room Cordless phones – a portable room extensionextension
Caller IDCaller ID DID – Direct Inward DialDID – Direct Inward Dial
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Telephone Roaming ApplicationsTelephone Roaming Applications
Digital cordless phones for Digital cordless phones for managementmanagement
Covers 2,000 acres or 150,000 sq ft Covers 2,000 acres or 150,000 sq ft indoorsindoors
Allows movement with privacy of Allows movement with privacy of conversation and clear signalconversation and clear signal
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Hand Held DevicesHand Held Devices
Hand held calculatorsHand held calculators• Among the first business devicesAmong the first business devices
Barcode readersBarcode readers Cell phones and wireless internetCell phones and wireless internet Pagers & 2 way radiosPagers & 2 way radios PDA’sPDA’s Pocket PC’sPocket PC’s
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Uses in HospitalityUses in Hospitality
Car rental companiesCar rental companies• Use hand held devices at check inUse hand held devices at check in
Hand held devices that permit Hand held devices that permit managers to access informationmanagers to access information
Wireless check in / check outWireless check in / check out
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Restaurant ApplicationsRestaurant Applications
Wireless internet access for Wireless internet access for customerscustomers
Wireless POS systemsWireless POS systems Fast food serviceFast food service PDA’s offered to customers to place PDA’s offered to customers to place
ordersorders Wireless pagingWireless paging
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Drawbacks/ConsiderationsDrawbacks/Considerations Cost justificationCost justification
• ROIROI What are the specific uses?What are the specific uses?
• HousekeepingHousekeeping• InventoryInventory• Facility managementFacility management• Payment processingPayment processing• Remote c/in – outRemote c/in – out• Restaurant order entryRestaurant order entry• Sales and catering updatesSales and catering updates• Employee trackingEmployee tracking
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Other questions to askOther questions to ask
If you can’t justify acquisitions of If you can’t justify acquisitions of handhelds & foresee improvement in handhelds & foresee improvement in operations, need to take another lookoperations, need to take another look
Will changes need to be made in Will changes need to be made in property infrastructureproperty infrastructure
How much training is requiredHow much training is required Who will support the systemWho will support the system
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Security ConcernsSecurity Concerns
LossLoss Information taken offsiteInformation taken offsite Transmission securityTransmission security Transmission problemsTransmission problems VirusesViruses Screen & keyboardsScreen & keyboards
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SummarySummary
Benefits outweigh the drawbacks Benefits outweigh the drawbacks in many applicationsin many applications
Expect to see functionality Expect to see functionality improveimprove
Size diminishSize diminish Cost continues to decreaseCost continues to decrease
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InterfacesInterfaces
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Some Types of InterfacesSome Types of Interfaces
Central Central ReservationsReservations
InternetInternet Point of Sale (POS)Point of Sale (POS) Credit cardCredit card Revenue Revenue
managementmanagement Back officeBack office
PBX/Call PBX/Call accountingaccounting
In room In room entertainment/refreentertainment/refreshment systemsshment systems
Sales & cateringSales & catering Energy Energy
managementmanagement Electronic door Electronic door
lockslocks
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Central ReservationsCentral Reservations
One way interfaceOne way interface Two way interfaceTwo way interface
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InternetInternet
Usually used for guest reservationsUsually used for guest reservations Guest can obtain real time Guest can obtain real time
information for reservation bookingsinformation for reservation bookings Usually combined with company web Usually combined with company web
sitesite• Third party softwareThird party software
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Point of Sale (POS)
Receives and responds to guest information in posting charges from outlets
Credit availability
Helps avoid late departure charges
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Credit Card Interface
Allows faster and more accurate approval for guest stays
Gets money to the bank faster
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Revenue Management
Allows management to update rates faster, therefore providing a better “yield”
Yield – optimum mixture of rate and occupancy
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PBX/Call Accounting
PBX – allows guest to make and receive callsCall Accounting – prices and charges for outgoing calls
Creates predefined pricing structureAutomatically transmits to PMS for postingPrinted copy for backupRegularly updates area codesAdministrative lines
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Voice Mail
Voice mail – allows guest to retrieve messages, eliminating need for “paper” messages
Opens own mail box upon check in
Guest records personalized greeting
Makes sure all messages are cleared
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In-Room Entertainment/Refreshment Systems
One way vs. two way
Pay per view movies
Games
Mini barsMost are now in a “connected” mode
Provides better verification of consumption
Allows stocking clerk to better prepare cart
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Sales & Catering Systems
Allows better control over room availability in conjunction with meeting space
Yield management
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Energy Management Systems
Helps control energy costs
Helps guest satisfaction by maintaining room temperature at a more constant temperature
Infrared or movement detection
Can provide “intermediate” level to improve guest comfort
DND
Emergency situations
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Electronic Door Locks
Guest security
Protect against unexpected stayovers
Helps limit guest access to certain areas of the hotel
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Summary
• Focus on key areas of hotel operations
• Use technology only where it makes sense
• Think about your own tolerances