Information Seeking Theories And Models
-
Upload
guestab667e -
Category
Education
-
view
18.830 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Information Seeking Theories And Models
![Page 1: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LIS 60001 – Access to Information
Information Seeking Models
& Theories
![Page 2: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
This Week’s Readings
![Page 3: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING
“…a conscious effort to acquire information in response to a need or gap in your knowledge.”
Case, Looking for Information
(2007), 5.
![Page 4: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Information Behavior (IB)
![Page 6: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
INFORMATION BEHAVIOR (IB)
“…encompasses information seeking as well as the totality of other unintentional or passive behaviors (such as glimpsing or encountering information), as well as purposive behaviors that do not involve seeking, such as avoiding information.”
Case, Looking for Information(2007), 5
![Page 7: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
IB RELATED CONCEPTS
REDUCING UNCERTAINTY Problem Solving
Identifying issuesSetting goalsDesigning suitable courses of action
Decision MakingEvaluatingChoosing among alternatives
![Page 8: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IB RELATED CONCEPTS
BrowsingInformal, unplannedAimless vs. goal-relatedScanningSerendipity
![Page 9: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
IB RELATED CONCEPTS
RelevanceRequires context‘Aboutness’ (i.e., on the topic)
vs. non-topicalityPertinent – connected to a need
SalienceUnexpected, notable, prominentSelective exposure
![Page 13: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
IB RELATED CONCEPTS
Avoiding informationSelective exposure (filtering)Rejection of ideasReluctance to be distractedUnused information
![Page 14: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
IB RELATED CONCEPTS
Information povertyKnowledge gapsBarriers to knowledge
• Cultural patterns• Lack of processing skills (e.g.,
reading, language, hearing, sight)
![Page 15: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IB RELATED CONCEPTS
OmissionErrorQueuingFiltering
ApproximationMultiple
ChannelsEscaping
“We can seek knowledge in order to reduce anxiety and we can avoid knowing in order to reduce anxiety.”
Maslow
Information overload and anxiety
![Page 16: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
EXERCISE:Common
Information Behaviors
![Page 17: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
COMMON INFORMATION BEHAVIORS
Buying a product Visiting a library Locating a law Betting on a race horse “I want to know more about cancer…”
Needs? Actions? Search strategies? Challenges and barriers? Sources?
![Page 18: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
COMMON INFORMATION BEHAVIORS
Buying a product
![Page 19: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
COMMON INFORMATION BEHAVIORS
Visiting a library
![Page 20: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
COMMON INFORMATION BEHAVIORS
Locating a law
![Page 21: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
COMMON INFORMATION BEHAVIORS
Betting on a race horse
![Page 22: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
COMMON INFORMATION BEHAVIORS
“I want to know more about cancer…”
![Page 23: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Information Seeking Models
![Page 24: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING MODELS
Describe and (attempt to) explain circumstances that predict actions by people seeking to find information
![Page 25: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING MODELS
Flow-charts and diagrams Suggest sequences of events Specific, often defined in relation
to theories
See Handout
![Page 26: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING MODELS
Wilson (2 models) (1981, 1999) Krieklas (1983) Leckie, Pettigrew and Sylvain
(1996) Bystrom and Jarvelin Savolaienen (1995) Johnson (1997)
![Page 27: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Wilson’s (1981) Model
![Page 28: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Information gathering
Information giving
Need-creatingevent/environment
Needs(deferred)
Needs(immediate)
Source preference
Internal External
Memory Direct(structured)observations
Direct (interper-
sonal) Contact
Recorded (literature)Personal
files
Krikelas Model (everyday behavior)
![Page 29: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Leckie, Pettigrew & Sylvain Model
![Page 30: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Bystrom & Jarvelin Model
![Page 31: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Johnson Model
![Page 32: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Information Seeking Theories
![Page 33: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
George Zipf – Principle of Least Effort (1949) Each individual will adopt a
course of action that will involve the expenditure of the probable least average of his work
![Page 34: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Principle of Least Effort Language usage
E.g., word distributions1930 census – city
populations ‘Harmonic distributions’
![Page 35: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
A plot of word frequency in Wikipedia (November 27, 2006). x is rank of a word in the frequency table; y is the total number of the word’s occurrences. Most popular words are “the”, “of” and “and”, as expected.
![Page 36: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Principle of Least Effort 80/20 or 70/30 rule
Library collections Internet websitesDorsch and Pifalo study (1997)
– medical journal circ.
![Page 37: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Principle of Least Effort Professional asks nearest
coworker Artists use nearest tools Consulting older (closer) resource
instead of a more current one
![Page 38: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Principle of Least Effort Using interpersonal sources vs.
authoritative sources Dervin: relying on close friends
and relatives Other examples?
![Page 39: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Principle of Least Effort Cost-benefit paradigm - the
trade-off between the effort required to employ a strategy and the quality of the resulting action
![Page 40: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Cost-Benefit Paradigm Applied to IB Seekers will minimize the effort
required to obtain information, even if it means accepting a lower quality or quantity of information.
Case, Looking for Information (2007), 154.
![Page 41: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Uses and Gratification (Mass Media) Audience plays an active role (not
passive) in selecting sources The person uses the medium, not
the other way around
![Page 42: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Uses and Gratification (Mass Media) Media are only a portion of a range
of options for fulfilling needs Use can be studied by asking
people directly
![Page 43: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Uses and Gratification in LIS Chatman – studied working-class poor
(janitors)How the poor define/deal with
problemsReasons for non-active information
seeking
![Page 44: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Play Theory and Entertainment Theory Are information and
entertainment two different things?
![Page 45: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Play Theory and Entertainment Theory Stephenson (1967) – humans
manipulate their intake of entertainment and information to serve their emotional needsPleasure principle
![Page 46: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
INFORMATION SEEKING THEORIES
Play Theory and Entertainment Theory Humans tend to:
Seek pleasure and avoid painMix work with play
E.g., reading the news
![Page 47: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Information Seeking Theories And Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061216/54b2045e4a7959895b8b456d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
See You Next Week!