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Transcript of Information packaging
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Information Packaging
Citations, Parts of Citation & Citation Formats
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Citation• Citation is one of the major requirements of all
of the research papers written and all of the
intellectual work, no matter whatever the field
you are in.
• In this way if your reader wants to get the further
information on the related topic or the findings of
the other author, he can easily get the
information on that.
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• In most of the cases the reference of the material
include the title of the source, author name, name
of publishers, the date of publishing, and also the
link of the website where the material was
published.
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APA FormatAmerican Psychological Association
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• The American Psychological Association
(APA) style is widely accepted in the social
sciences and other fields, such as definition,
business and nursing.
• Citations in the text provide brief information,
usually the name of the author and date of
publication, to lead the reader to the source of
information in the reference list at the end of
paper.
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MLA FormatModern Language Association
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• Modern Language Association (MLA) in-text
citations are made with a combination of signal
phrases and parenthetical references. A signal phrase
introduces information taken from a source (a
quotation, summary, paraphrase, or fact); usually the
signal phrase includes the author’s name.
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BOOKS, CHAPTERS IN BOOKS,
REPORTS, etc.
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Note:
All citations must be in the Hanging indent
Format with the first line flash to the left
margin and all other lines indented.
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Books with Single Author
Author, A.A. (Year). Title of work. Publication:
Publisher.
Limbo, K. J. (1997). Social Learning Theory.
Englewoods Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
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Books with Anonymous Author
A student guide to APA format. (1997). USA: Student
Press.
The business of fancy dancing: Stories and poems.
(2006). Washington: Guilford Press.
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Three to Seven Authors
Cea, R., Rivera, R., Labitigan, M., and La’O, R.
(1995). Inclusion: Are we abandoning or
helping students? Thousand Oaks, CA:
Corwin Press.
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More than Seven Authors
Villorente, M.M., Porto, M.M., Peñaojas, M.J., Paral,
A.M., Lachica, J.C., Garay, J.,…Verastigue,
A.A. (2001). APA format for psychology students.
New York: Prentice-Hall.
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Chapter in a Book
Booth-LaForce, C., & Kerns, K. A. (2009). Child-
parent attachment relationships, and peer-
group functioning. In K.H. Rubin, W. M.
Bukowski, & B. Laursen (Eds.), Handbook of
peer interactions, relationships, and groups
(pp.490-507). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
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ERIC Document
Shyyan, V., Thurlow, M., & Liu, K. (2005). Student
perceptions of instructional strategies: Voices
of English language learners with disabilities.
Minneapolis, MN: National Center on Educational
Outcomes, University of Minnesota. Retrieved
from the ERIC database. (ED495903)
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Journals, magazines,
newspapers in print format
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Single Author
Author, I.N. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal
or Periodical, volume number, page numbers.
Catalla, J.A. (2000). Referencing articles in APA format.
APA Format Weekly, 34, 4-10.
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Anonymous Author
A student guide to APA format. (1997). Psychology
Weekly, 8, 12-27.
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Two to Seven Authors [List all authors]
Keller, T. E., Cusick, G. R., & Courtney, M. E. (2007).
Approaching the transition to adulthood: Distinctive
profiles of adolescents aging out of the child welfare
system. Social Sciences Review, 81, 453-484.
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Eight or More Authors [List the first six authors, … and the last author
Tipura, J., Wolchik, S.A., West, S.G., Sandler, I., Tein, J.,
Coatsworth, D.,…Griffin, W.A. (2000). An
experimental evaluation theory- based mother
and mother-child programs for children of divorce.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 843-
856.
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Magazine Article
Matthews, J., Berret, D., & Brillman, D. (2005, May 16). Other
winning equations. Newsweek, 145(20), 58-59.
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Online journals, magazines,
newspapers
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Article Retrieved from an Online DatabaseAuthor, A.A. (Year). Title of article. Name of Journal,
xx, xxx-xxx. doi: xxxxxxxxxx
Senior, B., & Swailes, S. (2011). Inside management
teams: Developing a teamwork survey
instrument. British Journal of Management,
18, 138-153. doi: 10.1111/ j. 1467-
8551.2006.00507.x
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Kenney, G.M. (2008). Violent victimization and the
routine activities. Journal of Drug Issues, 38,
1105-1137. Retrieved November 16, 2006
from http://www2. criminology.fsu.edu/-jdi/
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Article from an Online Magazine
Ludwig, H. F. (2001, May 23). Individual-group
continuity in cooperation and competition
under varying communication conditions.
Current Issues in Social Psychology, 6(12),
166-182. Retrieved from
http://www.uiowa.edu/~grpproc/crisp.6.12.htm
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Online Report from as Nongovernmental Organization
Kenney, G. & Pelletier, J. (2009). Prospects for
reducing uninsured rates among children: How
much can premium assistance programs help?
Retrieved from Urban Institute website: http://
www.urban.org.
cfm?ID=411823
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Online Report with no Author identified and No Date
GVU’s 10th WWW user survey. (n. d.). Retrieved from
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/user_surveys/survey-1998-
10/
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Importance of Citation
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• Citation is very important for the readers who
have the keen interest in getting more and more
information about the related topics
• Citation also show the efforts you made in the
research and it also exhibit the originality of your
research without any plagiarism.
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• Citation gives an external support to your ideas
and also increases your arguments strength.