Information Communication and Technology Class

By: Mr. Latibeaudiere

March, 2011

IntroductionIntroduction

This chapter talk about computer systems and how information is processed in

those machine.

Input,processing,outputInput,processing,output

The three basic stages before any task can be complete witch are input, processing and

output. What is a program. The most commonly used input devices and output and what means GIGO ‘garbage in garbage out’

Data informationData information

What means data. the types of data which are numeric, text, dates, graphics and sound.

ConceptsConcepts

A computer is an information processing machine. Computer process data to produce

information. The most common mist take made by people when they talk about

computers is to believe that are intelligent ‘thinking machine’. Everything that a

computer on its being told exactly what to do and how to do it by a human.

Parts of the computers

Hardware is the name given to any part of a computer that you can actually touch. An individual piece of hardware is called a device.

Input devices

Central processingUnit (CPU)

Outputdevices

Backing storage devices

Fig. 1.2: the part of the computerFig. 1.2: the part of the computer

The central processing

The central processing unit (CPU) s the part of the computer where the searching and sorting of data, calculating and decision-

making goes on. The CPU is describe as the ‘brain’ of the computer, but this isn`t really

true because computers aren`t able to think for themselves. The CPU contains the main

memory, the control unit and the arithmetic and the logic unit (ALU). The main memory holds the program instruction and the data.

Central processing unit

Main memory

PROCESSOR

ALU

CONTROLUNIT

Input And

Outputdevices

Data flow Control flow instruction flow

m

The set of instruction that humans give computers are called programs and software. Software that caries out a particular type of

task for a user is often called application software. Word processor, spreadsheets, databases, programs to control or fly aero

planes to calculate a company payroll or keep track of how many cans of baked beans are

left in a supermarket are all example of applications software.

There many reasons for using and some of this are:There many reasons for using and some of this are:

Computer can work much faster than humans can. Computers never get tired or need a rest; Computers can do jobs that it would be dangerous for

a humans to do; Computers can store large amounts of information in

a very small space; Computer can find information very quickly; Computers never lose or misplace information.

Input, processing and outputInput, processing and output

Whenever a computer is used it must work its way through three basic stages before any

task can be completed. This are input, processing and output.

A program is a set of step by step instructions which tell the computer exactly what to do with input in order to produce the require

output.

InputInput

The stage of computing is concerned with getting the data needed by the program into the computer.the most commonly used input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.

ProcessingProcessing

The program contains instructions about what to do with the input. What the computer

produce at the end of this stage, the output, will only be ass good as the instructions given in the program. In other words if garbage has been put into the program; garbage is what will come out of the computer. This is know as GIGO; or garbage in garbage out.

OutputOutput

The output stage of computing is concerned with “giving out” processed

data as information in a form that is useful to the user.the most commonly output devices are the screen and the

printer.

Data and informationData and information

Data s any collection of numbers; character or other symbol that has been coded into a format that can be input to a computer and processed.data has no meaning or context. There many types of data the many types of

data can be input into a computer and processed are numeric; text; dates; graphics

and sound.

NumericNumeric

Numeric data types are spilt into two different sort. First is a whole number that has no decimal point in it. Second is real. A real number is one with a decimal point in it

TextText

Text data includes any character on the keyboard. Text is also called string

dates

Dates are often created as a kind of data on their own and stored in[pside the computer in a very special way that makes them easier to

process.

Graphics

Diagrams, picture and scanned images store on a computer in special graphics files.

Sound

Any sound can be recorded in digital form for use by a computer.

Always remember

A computer processes data to turn it useful information.

QuestionsQuestions

1. Describe what happens at each of the 1. Describe what happens at each of the stage of computing listen below. stage of computing listen below.

(a) input:(a) input: (b) processing:(b) processing: (c) output:(c) output:

2. Answer the following2. Answer the following (a) what is meant by the term data?(a) what is meant by the term data? .(b) Give an example of 2 different data types.(b) Give an example of 2 different data types. (c)What s meant by the term information.(c)What s meant by the term information. (d)Give one example of information.(d)Give one example of information.

.

3. Put the computer memory size listened 3. Put the computer memory size listened below into increasing order of size with below into increasing order of size with

the smallest first and the bigger last.the smallest first and the bigger last.

10mb 100 m 5gb 50mb 500 m10mb 100 m 5gb 50mb 500 m

.

4. Mr. Brown is divorced with two children. She recently 4. Mr. Brown is divorced with two children. She recently returned to full-time education and is in the third year returned to full-time education and is in the third year of a science degree. She has taken out student loans of of a science degree. She has taken out student loans of L5000. She regularly L5000. She regularly

plays squash at the local sport center. She does not plays squash at the local sport center. She does not have any credit cards. She rents a council house from have any credit cards. She rents a council house from her local authority.her local authority.

(a)Using only the information given above; write down (a)Using only the information given above; write down five facts about Mr. Browns which are likely to be five facts about Mr. Browns which are likely to be stored in a computer database.stored in a computer database.

(b) Explain briefly the different between information and (b) Explain briefly the different between information and data.data.

.

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