Information Age C2 Concepts

David S. AlbertsDirector, Research and Strategic Planning,

OASD(C3I)

Agenda

• Why Revisit C2

• Origin and Evolution of Cn

• The Essence of C2

• Enduring C2 Principles• Spectrum of C2 Approaches• Industrial Age C2

• Characteristics of the Information Age • Information Age DoD• Focus on Agility• Information Age Force Management Concepts

Why Revisit C2?

• Nature of DoD Transformation

• Co-Evolution of MCPs

• Industrial Age Constraints

Why Revisit C2?

• Nature of DoD Transformation

Why Revisit C2?

• Co-Evolution of MCP

Why Revisit C2?

• Industrial Age C2 constrains potential effectiveness

Why Revisit C2?

Why Revisit C2?

Origin of Cn & its Usage Over Time

“The first qualification in a general is a cool head - that is, a head which receives accurate impressions, and estimates things and objects at their real value.”

Started with Command

Origin of Cn & its Usage Over Time

CommandControl

CommunicationsIntelligence

SurveillanceReconnaissance

Origin of Cn & its Usage Over Time

CommandControl

Communications

IntelligenceSurveillance

Reconnaissance

Origin of Cn & its Usage Over Time

CommandControl

Communications

IntelligenceSurveillance

Reconnaissance

Computers

Essence of C2

• Role of command

• Relationships among force participants

• Philosophy of control.

Awareness

Operating Environment

Understanding Command Intent

Battlespace

Cognitive Domain

Physical Domain

Information Domain

BattlespaceMonitoring

Management

Synchronization

Information Systems

Enduring Principles

Sensemaking

Spectrum of C2 Approaches

Industrial Age C2

• Specialized bureaucracies

Industrial Age C2

• HierarchiesNCA

SupportingCINC

SupportingCINC

CJTF

JFLCC JFMCC JFSOCC

Air Force Army Navy MarineCorps

Operational Command, including Unit Assignment

Coordination & Planning

Logistics Support Replacement of Major Equipment

Parts, Personnel, Non-Commodity Supply Support

Commodity (Fuel, Food, Ammo, etc.) Supply Support

Intelligence Requests & Asset Tasking

Intelligence Reports Fusion Function

Intelligence Dissemination Exploitation Function Units:

Parent

Parent

Svc Org

DFSA

DLAIntel

SupportedCINC

Parent

Parent

Parent

JFACC

Logistics Intelligence Combat Parent

AirUnits

GroundUnits

MaritimeUnits

SOFUnits

ServiceParent

Industrial Age C2

• Functional differentiation

Industrial Age C2: Stovepipes

Industrial Age C2

• Interchangeable parts

Industrial Age C2

• Control by plan

InformationDomain

CognitiveDomain

Physical Domain

Orient Decide

Observe Act

Implications of Industrial Age C2

CollaborationInformation

Sharing

SocialNetworking

&

Industrial Age C2 Characteristics

• Synchronous /sequential /cyclical

• Inflexible

• Fragile

• Simple control [plan minus fog/friction]

• Deconfliction as a goal

• Optimization

Attributes of Information Age

• Security Environment

• Information Age Organization

Attributes of Information Age

• Security Environment

– Full mission spectrum [beyond combat to full mission spectrum]

– Complex missions [military part of a larger team EBO v. attrition]

– Dynamic situations [ROE changes, strategic corporal]

– Requires agility

Attributes of Information Age

• Information Age Organization

– Information available from everywhere [post v. pull]

– Asynchronous in time/space

– Dynamic virtual task organizations

– Collaborative interactions among participants

– Widespread information sharing within/without

– Role management• Creates/modifies conditions of ROE• Communicates intent• Supports edge• Provide requisite agility

Information Age C2: Tenets of NCW

• A robustly networked force improves information sharing

• Information sharing and collaboration enhance:the quality of information and shared situational awareness

• Shared situational awareness enables self-synchronization

• These, in turn, dramatically increase mission effectiveness

X

X

X

Information Age C2

• Control as an emergent property

BattlespaceAwareness

Decisionmaking

BattleManagement

Enduring Principles

Enduring Principles

Information Age C2

• Power at the Center

Information Age C2

• Power to the Edge

Conclusions

• Information Age C2 concepts needed to satisfy demands of Information Age security challenges

• Networked relationships– Bring all information to bear– Bring all assets to bear– Ability to be agile– Ability to be proactive