INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF CONTAMINATION ON...

4
107 Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering. Vol. III, 2014 Print ISSN 2285-6064, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064 INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF CONTAMINATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF TREATING OIL POLLUTED LOAMY SOILS WITH THERMAL DESORPTION Dorina POP, Valer MICLE Technical University of Cluj – Napoca, 103 105 Muncii Bd., Postcode 400641, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Telephone no. 0754617776; Fax no.: 0264/415054, email: dddorinaa@yahoo.com, Valer.Micle@imadd.utcluj.ro Corresponding author email: dddorinaa@yahoo.com, Dorina.POP@im.utcluj.ro Abstract The purpose of the hereby paper is to present and interpret the results of the lab experiments performed using soil samples of loamy texture, containing three pollutant concentrations (16710.66; 26300.68 and 39256.68 mg/kg dried substance). In the decontamination process, we opted for three time intervals for keeping the samples in the oven, at 350 °C. The results of the experiments indicate that the efficiency of thermal desorption is influenced by the degree of contamination, which shows the importance of choosing the optimal parameters of the thermal desorption treatment process. Key words: contamination, depollution, thermal desorption, soil, crude oil. INTRODUCTION Environment protection has become a necessity due to the fact that it was damaged as the industrial activities developed (Buliga, 2002). Petroleum products can affect soil, one of the three elements of the geographic environment, and through it, affects the life of human beings, animals and plants (Buliga, 2002). In order to establish remediation methods, the properties of the soils subject to decontamination are of great importance, because the connections among the pollutants and organic substances, clay and soil porosity, influence the destruction of hydrocarbons (Wick et al., 2011). The use of thermal treatments for improving the soils polluted with petroleum products is widely spread worldwide, being one of the most complex activities in the domain of environment protection (Lee et al., 1999; www.petroleumclub.ro). Due to the experience obtained by treating contaminated soils with thermal desorption, the company S.C. SETCAR S.A. Br ila states that the value of the hydrocarbons concentration in the soil must not exceed 10 % and humidity should not be over 15 %. Exceeding these limits reduces the efficiency of the technology very much (www.setcar-braila.ro). The choice of using direct thermal desorption for decontaminating soils shows that the petroleum products in the soil sustain combustion, improving the efficiency of the treatment process (www.setcar-braila.ro). MATERIALS AND METHODS Figure 1 shows a simplified plan of the experimental research. The extraction of the soil samples was performed in the commune of Bon ida, Cluj County, according to the state standards (STAS) 7184/1-75 (STAS 7184/1-75), in the depth interval of 0 – 20 cm. The decontamination process was performed in the laboratory, using soil samples with loamy texture (figure 2). For each test we weighed 100 g soil, of which we removed the foreign materials (pebbles, leaves), we polluted them with three quantities of pollutant and we determined the quantity of pollutant of the initial sample and the final one (after the decontamination process). The quantity of pollutant in the soil samples was determined according to the state standards

Transcript of INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF CONTAMINATION ON...

Page 1: INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF CONTAMINATION ON ...landreclamationjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2014/Art19.pdf(STAS) 7184/1-75 (STAS 7184/1-75), in the depth interval of 0 – 20 cm. The decontamination

107

Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering. Vol. III, 2014Print ISSN 2285-6064, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064

INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF CONTAMINATION

ON THE EFFICIENCY OF TREATING OIL POLLUTED LOAMY SOILS WITH THERMAL DESORPTION

Dorina POP, Valer MICLE

Technical University of Cluj – Napoca, 103 – 105 Muncii Bd., Postcode 400641, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Telephone no. 0754617776; Fax no.: 0264/415054, email: [email protected],

[email protected]

Corresponding author email: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract The purpose of the hereby paper is to present and interpret the results of the lab experiments performed using soil samples of loamy texture, containing three pollutant concentrations (16710.66; 26300.68 and 39256.68 mg/kg dried substance). In the decontamination process, we opted for three time intervals for keeping the samples in the oven, at 350 °C. The results of the experiments indicate that the efficiency of thermal desorption is influenced by the degree of contamination, which shows the importance of choosing the optimal parameters of the thermal desorption treatment process. Key words: contamination, depollution, thermal desorption, soil, crude oil. INTRODUCTION Environment protection has become a necessity due to the fact that it was damaged as the industrial activities developed (Buliga, 2002). Petroleum products can affect soil, one of the three elements of the geographic environment, and through it, affects the life of human beings, animals and plants (Buliga, 2002). In order to establish remediation methods, the properties of the soils subject to decontamination are of great importance, because the connections among the pollutants and organic substances, clay and soil porosity, influence the destruction of hydrocarbons (Wick et al., 2011). The use of thermal treatments for improving the soils polluted with petroleum products is widely spread worldwide, being one of the most complex activities in the domain of environment protection (Lee et al., 1999; www.petroleumclub.ro). Due to the experience obtained by treating contaminated soils with thermal desorption, the company S.C. SETCAR S.A. Br ila states that the value of the hydrocarbons concentration in the soil must not exceed 10 % and humidity should not be over 15 %. Exceeding these

limits reduces the efficiency of the technology very much (www.setcar-braila.ro). The choice of using direct thermal desorption for decontaminating soils shows that the petroleum products in the soil sustain combustion, improving the efficiency of the treatment process (www.setcar-braila.ro). MATERIALS AND METHODS Figure 1 shows a simplified plan of the experimental research. The extraction of the soil samples was performed in the commune of Bon ida, Cluj County, according to the state standards (STAS) 7184/1-75 (STAS 7184/1-75), in the depth interval of 0 – 20 cm. The decontamination process was performed in the laboratory, using soil samples with loamy texture (figure 2). For each test we weighed 100 g soil, of which we removed the foreign materials (pebbles, leaves), we polluted them with three quantities of pollutant and we determined the quantity of pollutant of the initial sample and the final one (after the decontamination process). The quantity of pollutant in the soil samples was determined according to the state standards

Page 2: INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF CONTAMINATION ON ...landreclamationjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2014/Art19.pdf(STAS) 7184/1-75 (STAS 7184/1-75), in the depth interval of 0 – 20 cm. The decontamination

108

Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering. Vol. III, 2014Print ISSN 2285-6064, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064

(SusThis aleanforno19

TAing

he qco

ert nd ir th

o. 7997

AS) g thqua

ompthr

intehe 756).

SRhe Santiparereservles

6 o

R 1Soxity ed hol

ventss sf M

35xhle

of to

ld tionsenMar

11/et mcruth

(10n t

nsibrch

Fi

/200methude

he v000hre

ble h 1

igur

07 hode oival

0 meshosoi1th

re 2.

(SRd. il inues

mg/koldils, 19

. Th

R I

n ths okg

d (2ac

997

he lo

SO

he of t

dr200ccor (O

oam

O 13

testhe ried00 rdinOrd

Fig

my te

351

stedes

d sumgng

der

gure

extu

11,

d sastabubsg/kgto no

1. T

ure c

200

ampblisstang dOr

o. 7

The

cont

07)

pleshednced.s.rde756

e exp

tam

),

es d

e) .) er 6,

peri

mina

TowTeat

ime

ated

Theof witTheexpandthe

ntal

wit

e ethe

th ce mperid the the

l res

th th

quiermchammaiimehe derm

sear

he th

ipmmal mbin entsdur

mal

rch p

hree

mende

ber pas wratide

plan

e qu

nt nesoand

aramweron

esor

n

uant

needorptd simete thof

rpti

titie

dedtionilictershe

f treion

s of

d ton wcon s ode

eatisy

f cru

o apwas

carobseegreing

yste

ude

pplys thrbidervee o

them.

oil

y thhe de ed of e s

he elebardu

conoil

tecectrrs.urinntamsam

chnric

ng minmp

noloov

thenatiples

ogyven

eseions in

y n

e n n

Page 3: INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF CONTAMINATION ON ...landreclamationjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2014/Art19.pdf(STAS) 7184/1-75 (STAS 7184/1-75), in the depth interval of 0 – 20 cm. The decontamination

109

Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering. Vol. III, 2014Print ISSN 2285-6064, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064

RE Thcosamtha T

CN

1.2.

FoandrowhmithrThdedefin

whpoat of

ESU

he ontempat t

Table

Crt. No.

.

.

or tnd 1opphileinureshhe econesornal

herollu

diff ex

UL

reent plesthe

e 1.

Sa

the 10 pede fouteshol

evntarptiext

re: utanffer

xpos

LTS

esulof

s arsta

Th

amp[cm]

SA SB

sami

d onor s, lds.valuminion trac

- mnt erensur

S A

lts f cre gand

he in

ple ]

ampinunlythethe. uatnatwa

ctio

maextrnt tere in

AND

obcrudgiveard

nitiat

Qup

plestes

y bee sae v

iontionas aon e

nalyractemn th

Qtit

fll

tt

D D

btade en id va

al vathe uant

pollu[m

3.6.

F

s S, thelowampvalu

n on acceffi

yte(sted

mperhe o

Qua

ntity

of p

ollu

tant

[mg/

kgd

s]

DIS

ineoil

in talue

aluecontity o

utantml]

7 1

Figu

SB he w tpleue

of pr

comicie

solvd thratuove

1

1

2

2

[mg/

kg d

.s.]

SCU

ed l etables a

e of ntrolof t

re 3

trequa

the e ke

d

throc

mplienc

venhrouuresen,

0

500

000

500

000

500

US

aftexisle 1are

the l sam

Inio

3. V

ateantint

ept decr

he cessishey, u

nt) ughs ain m

0

0

0

0

0

0

SIO

fter stin1. Ihig

quamplitial of po

[mg

16,7263

Varia

d itity terv

inreas

efs ed busin

– h thand mg

5

1

ON

cng It caghl

antiles qua

ollutag/kg

710.600.6

ation

in tof

venn thsed

fficus

by ng

coherm

amg/kg

31,1

1619

5

NS

alcin an y e

ity o

ntityant

g]

66 68

n of

the f crntiohe od b

iensingcalrel

oncemamoug d.

196

9,5

culathebe

exce

of cr

y

f the

ovrud

on tovebelo

ncy g lcuatio

entl dunt.s.;

atine cobeed

rude

Hu

22

e qu

vende othreen ow

oth

lation

tratdesos o

3

12

Tim

ng conser

ded

e oi

umid[%]

22.8222.82

uant

n fooil eshfor

w b

of hering1:

ionorptof t

349,

269

10me

thntrorved.

l in

dity

2 2

tity

or 5haoldr 15both

thrmag th

n otiontim

812

,68

0[mi

e ol d

n

of c

5 as d, 5 h

e al e

of n e

2

8

in]

BpaptToScasba(

crud

ced

TtpeTisdet

1

ByperandpoltreaTheobtStuconaftespebotacc(Or

de o

conextd.s

ThethepoleffiTheindsamdeceffithe

181

544

1

arford Sllutatme btainudyntener ecifth cordrde

oil in

-ncetrac.

e ine lellutficiee

dicamplconficiee ov

,384

4,15

5

analrmiB,

tantmenbiggnedyingnt th

fieda

dinr n

n th

- mntr

cted

nteevetantencres

ate les ntamencven

4

52

10

200

lyzingit c

t innt oges

d forg saof e

d amalertng to. 7

e so

manaratiod u

rprel ot wciessult

tha

mincy i

for

00

00

ingth

cann thef sot dr saampcrudesmot o O756

oil s

alyteon,sin

retaof

was s, rats at: in

natiis or 15

g term

n bee sooil

decramppleudesorp

ountan

Ord6, 1

samp

e(sa ex

ng t

atioconextangof as

ton obt5 m

S

S

A

I

the male ooil samreasples Se orptiot o

nd der199

ples

amxistithe

n ontatracging

ths ththede

tainminu

SA

SB

Alert

Inter

rel debsedec

mplse

e SASA,oil on

of tin

no7).

s SA

pleingSo

of damictedg behe he e egrened ute

t thr

rven

esuesoervcreles of

A, f wexp

timnte. 75

A an

e) g in oxh

dianatd fretwpedurov

ee ifo

es.

resh

ntion

ults rpted

easein thefoll

we cxistierfe,

erve56

nd S

– n thehlet

grationrom

weeerfouratvenis g

or s

hold

n thr

(fiontha

ed athe

e colowcan ing formhasentiof

SB

ie some

am n,

m thn 9

ormion

n greasam

esho

figun onat thas te ovonc

wedobin

meds dionMa

initoil eth

4, rev

he s93.8medn o

incater

mple

old

uren she the vencend bybsern thd d

dropn arch

tial (w

hod)

depvealsoil84 ÷d ef tcrer. Te S

e 3samqudu

n inntraty SBrvehe durppethr

h 1

phic), i

penls l, w÷ 9exptreaeaseTheSA,

3), mpleuanturatcretionB. thsam

ringed bresh1th

polch cn m

ndintha

with8.9erim

atines, e hi, ke

afes Stityion

easen w

hat tmpg tbelhol

h 19

llutcanmg/

ng at th hi91 %me

ng tt

ighept

fterSA

y ofn ofed. was

theplestheowlds,997

antn be/kg

ontheigh%.entsthethe

hestin

r A f f

s

e s e

w , 7

t e g

n e h

s e e t n

Page 4: INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF CONTAMINATION ON ...landreclamationjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2014/Art19.pdf(STAS) 7184/1-75 (STAS 7184/1-75), in the depth interval of 0 – 20 cm. The decontamination

CO ThsooileffdeThfacwedudeByobeffpoThproov RE BuwaCo

ON

he ils l, t

fficieconhe dctoe huratecony cobserfficiolluhe ove

ven

EF

uligaater ount

NCL

reswi

treaiencntadurr in

havetionntaomrveienc

utiohiged for

ER

a L.and

ty. A

F

LU

sultith atedcy minratin the fon min

mpard cy n, tgheto r 15

REN

.S. 2d aiAnn

Figu

USIO

ts olo

d a

naton he

founo

natringthais

the est

be5 m

NC

200ir pnals

ure 4

ON

of tamat 3of

tionof pro

nd f tiong that f

hieffeff

e fominu

CES

02. Gpollu

of

Dti

ffii

[%]

4. E

NS

themy t

350

n prf thocedur

trn dehe tfor ighficificior ute

S

GenutioUn

1

Des

orpt

ion

effic

ienc

y [%

]

Effic

e extex0 °the

roce tr

ess rinreaegrtwo

a her, iencencsam

es.

neran in

nive

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

cien

xpetur°C, e essreaof g t

atmeee o c

loan

cy cy mpl

l inn thrsity

ncies

erimre,

inth

s. atm

thethe entinconc

ow nd is lof

le

nformhe py “

s of

menpol

ndicherm

entermex

t creacen

coin

lowf thSA

matpetrCon

9

9

f the

nts llutcatema

t ismal xper

inasesntraonta

cawer.hermA, k

ion roleunsta

96,8

93,8

5

e de

peted e a

al

a de

rimncres as

ationamase

malkep

on um

antin

82

4

con

erfow

a vd

detesor

menteases wns, ina

e o

l dt in

soiare

n Br

ntam

ormwith verydeso

termrptits: es,

wellit

atioof g

desonsi

il poeas rânc

mina

medcr

y horpt

minionas

. can

on, gre

orptde

olluof cu i

ation

d onrudhightion

ningn, a

thth

n bth

ate

tionth

utionGori” o

Tim

n of

n e h n

g as e e

e e

er

n e

n, rj of

97,9

95,

10me [

f soi

TcLTF6MbhaOROScmSsWDSPC2*_t

9

17

0[min

il sa

TârgconLeeTreaFlui684M rbiorhttpascuOrdRegOffiSR conmetStatsoilWicDanSoilPolyCro240***_2_the

n]

amp

gu nf/8te J.atmidiz

4-68rculremp://wu_UdergulaficiaISO

ntentthodte s samck Anielsls aytec

op a061, *_619mob

ples

Jiuth/S.K.,

ment zed B87. lesc

mediawwwUPG

no.ational GaO 13t ofd. tand

mplA.F.s Wand chniand

http

9_1.bile

dep

u. N6/2

Ko

Bed

cu Aatiow.pe

G.pd 75

n onazet351f hy

dardes f., H

W.L.Se

ic InSoip://lww

.htme un

pend

No.0.pd

Kim f P

d De

A., on oetro

df 56 n thtte n1, 2ydro

ds -for paus . 20edimnstiil Eland

ww.sm, Dnit fo

98,9

97

1

ding

. 1df

B-Petresor

Pof

oleum

of he eno. 2007ocar

- STpedoN.W

011.mentutenvirdrehsetc

Direor d

91

,93

5

g on

, V

-U. roleurber

trasitemcl

Maeval3037. Srbon

TASologW., . Re

nts: e anronmhab.car-bct th

direc

n the

Vol

anum r. K

cu s club.r

archluati3 of Soil ns

S 71gicaSuk

emeA

nd Smen.orgbraihermct th

e lev

1

nd C

Korea

C.contro/d

h 1ion

f Junquain t

184al ankka

ediatLit

Statental g/ ila.rmalherm

vel

. p

ParCont

an J

., Atamidow

1th of

ne 1alitythe

4/1-7nd aariyationterae Un Sc

ro/dl desmal

of p

p.

rk amiJ. C

Avrainat

wnlo

199env1th

y. Dsoi

75 ragroah Bn of atureniveienc

esorsorpdes

S

S

pollu

1-6

D. inat

Chem

am ted oads

97 viro199

Deteil. T

relao-chB.F.f PAe Rersitces

rbtiptionorp

SA

SB

utio

w

19ed

m. E

L.wit

s/10

apponm97. rmiThe

ated hemi, Ha

AH CRevity DBla

e-ten. Dtion

on

www

999. So

Eng.

, Sth _Co

provent

inine G

to icalaeriConiew,Depaacks

ermiDescn (D

w.utg

Toils ., 16

Studcrudorne

val pol

ng thravi

ext stuing ntam, Vartmsbur

ic -crip

DTD

gjiu

hermby

6(5)

dies de el_P

of lluti

he toime

tractudieK.C

minaVirgimenrg,

-direptionD).

u.ro/

maly a), p.

ofoil,

Patr

theion,

otaletric

tings.

C. iatedinia

nt ofVA

ectn of

/

l a .

f ,

e ,

l c

g

i d a f

A

f

110

Scientific Papers. Series E. Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering. Vol. III, 2014Print ISSN 2285-6064, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-6072, ISSN-L 2285-6064