Inflammation and Course Themes Nancy Long Sieber, Ph.D. Sept. 14, 2009.
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Transcript of Inflammation and Course Themes Nancy Long Sieber, Ph.D. Sept. 14, 2009.
Inflammation and Course Themes
Nancy Long Sieber, Ph.D.
Sept. 14, 2009
http://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/PTHL312abc/312a/02/Graphics/figure01.gif
Challenges and Adaptation
http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/crr/images/CR007b.jpg
What is the significance of injury and toxicity?
• Tissues differ in their capacity for repair– Epithelial cells are continuously replaced– Nerve cells, in general, do not divide
• Organs also differ in their “safety factors”– All organs have some amount of excess
capacity– With aging and injury, the excess capacity is
lost, and this may lead to loss of function
http://www.wirednewyork.com/hotels/marriott_marquis/images/marriott_marquis_elevators.jpg
http://www.gkivdo.com/gkii/wire_3.jpg
Elevator cable for passenger elevators has a safety factor of about 11
Necrosis and Apoptosis
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh25-3/image01.gif
Developing human hand before web apoptosis
http://www.i-am-pregnant.com/img/day48-hand.gif
Developing hand after web apoptosis
http://www.grg.org/breakingnews2001.htm
Modified from: http://www.chrononhotonthologos.com/inactive/strokedr/hbothera.htm
.
.Area of dead tissue(Ischemic core)
Ischemic penumbra where cells are irreversibly damaged.Cells in this region often undergo apoptosis in the hours after the stroke.
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/inflammation01a.jpg
Inflammation
Inflammation
Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 IL-6 TNF
LIVER
Positive acute phase reactants:
Fibrinogen
Serum amyloid A C-reactive Protein
C3
Haptoglobin
http://www.easterncarolinaent.com/Allergy-Triggers-copy.jpg
Common Allergens
http://www.euromeds.co.uk/allergy-treatment-information.htm
Allergen binds to IgE, which links to mast cells, triggering release of histamine.
Autoimmune Disease
http://www.mctd.eu/images/AutoimmuneDisorder.jpg
http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/cancer/cancer.html
Cancer
http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/cancer/cancer.html
Stress Responses
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
www.cdc.gov
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/obesity
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1987
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1988
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1989
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1992
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1993
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1994
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1996
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2005
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
http://www.lipidsonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?q=abdominal+fat&pg=1
In this abdominal MRI scan, it is possible to see subcutaneous fat around the abdomen, surrounding abdominal muscles. Visceral fat is deeper inside the abdomen, surrounding internal organs.It is the visceral fat that secretes IL-6, strongly suggesting a mechanistic link to systemic inflammation.
http://mednews.wustl.edu/tips/page/normal/8947.html
The women in this study did not gain weight, but they did have an increase in abdominal fat
http://www.lipidsonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?q=abdominal+fat&dpg=10