Infinitives PowerPoint

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Infinitives Infinitives The final verbal….. The final verbal…..

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Transcript of Infinitives PowerPoint

Page 1: Infinitives PowerPoint

InfinitivesInfinitives

The final verbal…..The final verbal…..

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InfinitivesInfinitives

are verbals which means they are verbs that are verbals which means they are verbs that act as other parts of speech.act as other parts of speech.

Remember the other verbals?Remember the other verbals?– Participles act as ADJECTIVES.Participles act as ADJECTIVES.– Gerunds act as NOUNS, which in turn act as Gerunds act as NOUNS, which in turn act as

subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, objects of prepositions, predicate nominatives, objects of prepositions, and appositives.and appositives.

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InfinitivesInfinitives act as nouns, adjectives, act as nouns, adjectives,

and adverbsand adverbs An infinitive is the TO An infinitive is the TO

form of a verbform of a verb

The infinitive of run… is TO The infinitive of run… is TO RUNRUN

The infinitive of scream… is The infinitive of scream… is TO SCREAMTO SCREAM

The infinitive of eat… is TO The infinitive of eat… is TO EATEAT

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WARNINGWARNING Please note the difference between the following!Please note the difference between the following!

To THE MALL To THE MALL and and to swimto swim

One is an infinitive, and the other is a One is an infinitive, and the other is a prepositional phrase. Do NOT get these prepositional phrase. Do NOT get these confused.confused.

If “to” is followed by a noun or pronoun, then If “to” is followed by a noun or pronoun, then it is a prepositional phrase. VERBALS ARE it is a prepositional phrase. VERBALS ARE ABOUT VERBS! ABOUT VERBS!

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Infinitives as NounsInfinitives as Nouns Just like gerunds, they act as subjects, Just like gerunds, they act as subjects,

direct objects, and predicate nominatives. direct objects, and predicate nominatives. NOTE: They do not act as objects of the NOTE: They do not act as objects of the preposition or indirect objects…. This IS preposition or indirect objects…. This IS different!different!

Look at the following! First, find the infinitive Look at the following! First, find the infinitive that is being used as a noun, and then that is being used as a noun, and then determine which role it is playing!determine which role it is playing!

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To err is human.To err is human. To errTo err isis human. Subject human. Subject

Riff always wanted to act.Riff always wanted to act. Riff always Riff always wantedwanted to actto act. Direct object. Direct object

Maria’s dream is to marry Tony.Maria’s dream is to marry Tony.

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Infinitives as AdjectivesInfinitives as Adjectives

Like all adjectives, infinitives acting Like all adjectives, infinitives acting as adjectives modify NOUNS or as adjectives modify NOUNS or PRONOUNS!PRONOUNS!

The candidate to trust is Tony.The candidate to trust is Tony.

Note that the infinitive is Note that the infinitive is to trustto trust and and that it is modifying or describing that it is modifying or describing candidate. candidate.

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More adjective examples….More adjective examples….

Those are the easiest dogs to train.Those are the easiest dogs to train. Those are the easiest dogs Those are the easiest dogs to trainto train. (note . (note

that that to trainto train modifies DOGS. modifies DOGS.

He has a great ability to paint.He has a great ability to paint. He has a great ability He has a great ability to paintto paint. (. (To paintTo paint

modifies ability, which is a noun.)modifies ability, which is a noun.)

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Infinitives as AdverbsInfinitives as Adverbs

Infinitives also act as adverbs; they must Infinitives also act as adverbs; they must modify VERBS, ADJECTIVES, or other modify VERBS, ADJECTIVES, or other ADVERBS.ADVERBS.

They act like adverb prepositional phrases.They act like adverb prepositional phrases.

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Infinitives as AdverbsInfinitives as Adverbs Consider these examples….Consider these examples….

The team was slow to score.The team was slow to score. To score modifies the word “slow.” Slow is To score modifies the word “slow.” Slow is

an adjective.an adjective.

My grandmother has come to stay.My grandmother has come to stay. To stay modifies the verb, come.To stay modifies the verb, come.

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Now…. YOU TRY!!!First, find the infinitive and then

determine how it is functioning in the sentence!

Our assignment was to read that book. Our assignment was to read that book. PN

We were asked to memorize this poem. We were asked to memorize this poem. DO

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He was eager to experience college. He was eager to experience college. Adv.

The person to help you is Doc! The person to help you is Doc! Adj.

To leave town is relaxing! To leave town is relaxing! Subj.

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A final point….A final point…. Sometimes, an infinitive has an Sometimes, an infinitive has an

elliptical “to.”elliptical “to.” Elliptical means silent or Elliptical means silent or

understood. This word is used understood. This word is used throughout English grammar! throughout English grammar!

The “to” may be left out The “to” may be left out completely.completely.

He will help us paddle to shore.He will help us paddle to shore. He will help us TO paddle to He will help us TO paddle to

shore.shore.Watch out for these!Watch out for these!