Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
-
Upload
majid4uonly -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
2
Transcript of Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
1/35
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/5/12
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
OFTHE SKIN AND
WOUND
MAJID MOHIUDDIN
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
2/35
5/5/12
OF THE SKIN AND
WOUNDVIRAL INFECTIONS:Chickenpox and Shingles
German Measles, RubellaMeasles, Hard Measles, Rubeola
Smallpox
Warts
BACTERIAL
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
3/35
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
4/35
5/5/12
CHICKEN POX
Also known as Varicella.
Acute, Generalized viralinfection with fever mildconstitutional symptoms &
skin rash.
Vesicles also forms in mucous
membranes.
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
5/35
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
6/35
5/5/12
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): Herpes
Virus
(Family Herpesviridae) also known asHerpesvirus3
--- A DNA Virus
Infected Humans
-Person to person by direct contact
-
Etiologic/CausativeAgent
Reservoirs
Mode ofTransmission
Diagnosis
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
7/355/5/12
GERMAN MEASLES,RUBELLA
Mild, Febrile Viral disease.
Fine, Pinkish, Flat rash begin1 (or) 2 days after onset ofsymptoms.
It starts on the face & neck &spreads to trunk arms & legs.
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
8/355/5/12
Rubella Virus
(Family Togaviridae)
--- A RNA Virus
Infected Humans
- By droplet spread
- (or) direct contact with nasopharyngeal
secretions of infected people.
Etiologic/CausativeAgent
Reservoirs
Mode ofTransmission
Diagnosis
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
9/355/5/12
MEASLES, HARDMEASLES, RUBEOLA
An acute highlycommunicable viral diseasewith fever, conjunctivitis,
cough, light sensitivity, koplikspots in mouth & red blotchyskin rash.
Rash begins on the face on3rd to 7th day & then
becomes generalized.
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
10/355/5/12
Measles (Rubeola) virus
(Family Paramyxoviridae)
--- A RNA Virus
Infected Humans
- Airborne transmission by dropletspread
- (or) direct contact with nasal (or)
Etiologic/CausativeAgent
Reservoirs
Mode ofTransmission
Diagnosis
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
11/355/5/12
SMALL POX
A Systemic viral infectionwith fever, malaise (fatigue),headache, prostration, severe
backache, characteristic skinrash, and occasionalabdominal pain and vomiting.
Rash is similar to rash ofchickenpox.
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
12/35
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
13/355/5/12
warts
Many varieties of skin andmucous membrane lesionsincluding common warts
( Verrucae vulgaris), venerealwarts, and Plantar warts.
Most are harmless, but somecan become cancerous.
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
14/355/5/12
At least 70 different types of Human
papillomaviruses- HPV
Genus: Papillomavirus & (FamilyPapovaviridae)
--- A DNA Virus
Infected Humans
- Direct contact.
-
Etiologic/CausativeAgent
Reservoirs
Mode ofTransmission
Diagnosis
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
15/35
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/5/12
BACTERIALINFECTIONS OF THE
SKIN
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
16/355/5/12
Acne
A common condition in whichpores become clogged withdried sebum, flaked skin and
bacteria. Leads to theformation of blackheads andwhite heads (collectively
known as acne pimples) andinflamed.
Infected abscesses: more
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
17/35
5/5/12
- Propionibacterium acnes
- Propionibacterium spp.
- All are anaerobic Gram+ve bacilli.
Infected Humans
- Probably not transmissible.
Etiologic/CausativeAgent
Reservoirs
Mode ofTransmission
Diagnosis
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
18/35
5/5/12
ANTHRAX,WOOLSORTERS DISEASE
Anthrax can affect
the skin (cutaneous anthrax).
The lungs (Inhalation (or) Pulmonaryanthrax).
GI tract (Gastrointestinal anthrax).
In cutaneous anthraxdepressed blackened lesioncalled ESCHARS occur.
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
19/35
5/5/12
- Bacillus anthracis
- A spore forming, G+ve bacillus.
- Anthrax infected animals,
- Spores may be present in soil, animal
hair, wool, animal skins and hides andproduct made from them.
Etiologic/CausativeAgent
Reservoirs
Mode ofTransmission
Diagnosis
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
20/35
5/5/12
GAS GANGRENE, MYONECROSIS
Necrosis (Tissue death) dueto ischemia (Lack of oxygen)is called gangrene.
Gangrene may (or may notinvolve pathogens. Howeverone type of gangrene, calledGas gangrene also calledMyonecrosis always
involved pathogens.
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
21/35
5/5/12
- Genus: Clostridium. Clostridium spp.
(Clostridium perfringens)
- Anaerobic bacteria.
- Necrotizing enzymes and toxinsproduced in wounds.
- Soil
Etiologic/CausativeAgent
Reservoirs
Mode of
Transmission
Diagnosis
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
22/35
5/5/12
,HANSEN (OR) HANSENS
DISEASE LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY:Numerous nodules in skin;may be involvement of the
nasal mucosa and eyes.
TUBERCULOID LEPROSY: Fewskin lesions; peripheral nerveinvolvement tends to besevere, with loss of
sensations.
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
23/35
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
24/35
5/5/12
STAPHYLOCOCCAL SKININFECTIONS
(Folliculitis, Furuncle,Carbuncles, Abscesses,Impetigo, Impetigo of the new
born, Scalded Skin Syndrome)
All infected hair follicles, boils(furuncles), carbuncles andStys involve Staphylococcus aureus.
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
25/35
5/5/12
-Staphylococcus aureus : G +ve
-Impetigo may caused by G+ve(Streptococcus pyogenes)
-S. Aureus spreads through skin byproducing Hyaluronidase.
-SSSS is produced by strains ofS.aureus that produce expoliative(orepidermolytic) toxin, which causes thetop layer of skin (epidermic) to splitfrom the rest of the skin.
Etiologic/CausativeAgent
Reservoirs
Mode ofTransmission
Diagnosis
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
26/35
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
27/35
5/5/12
-Streptococcus pyogenes : G +ve coccus
also known as group A beta hemolyticStreptococcus (GAS) and Strep A Scarlet fever is caused by Erythrogenic
toxin, produced by some strains ofS.pyogenes.
-It can be complication (sequela) of
untreated strep throat (Streptococcalpharyngitis)
Etiologic/CausativeAgent
Reservoirs
Mode ofTransmission
Diagnosis
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
28/35
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/5/12
fungal INFECTIONS OF
THE SKIN
DERMATOPHYTOSIS TINEA
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
29/35
5/5/12
DERMATOPHYTOSIS, TINEA(RINGWORM)INFECTION,
DERMATOMYCOSIS
The Dermatophytoses (Tineainfections (or) ringworminfections) are named inaccordance with the site ofinfections fungal lesions of
The scalp (Tinea capitis)
Groin area (Tinea crusis) or (JockItch)
Trunk of the body (Tinea
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
30/35
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
31/35
Click to edit Master subtitle style
5/5/12
Protozoal INFECTIONS
OF THE SKIN
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
32/35
5/5/12
LEISHMANIASIS
Cutaneous, Mucosal and VisceralLeishmaniasis.
The cutaneous form starts witha papule that enlarges into a
crater like ulcer.
Individual ulcers may coalesce.
Eti l i /C ti
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
33/35
5/5/12
-Various spp. Of flagellated protozoa
Genus : Leishmania.
The motile, extracellular form is called apromastigote; The non motile,
intracellular form is called anamastigote.
-Infected Humans, domestic dogs, avariety of wild animals.
Etiologic/CausativeAgent
Reservoirs
Mode ofTransmission
Diagnosis
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
34/35
5/5/12
WOUND INFECTIONS
When the protective skin barrier isbroken as a result of burns, puncturewounds, surgical procedures (or)bites, opportunistic indigenousmicroflora and environmentalbacteria can invade and cause local
(or) deep tissue infections. Thepathogens may spread via. Blood(or) lymph, causing serious systemic
infections.
-
8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound
35/35
Click to edit Master subtitle style
THE END