Infectious Diseases of the Circulatory System
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Transcript of Infectious Diseases of the Circulatory System
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Infectious Diseases of
the Circulatory
System
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Circulatory System
Circulatory System – consist of Cardiovascular and Lymphatic
System.
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Terms:• Endocarditis –
Inflammation of endocardium.
• Myocarditis- Inflammation of myocardium.
• Pericarditis- Inflammation of pericardium
• Lymphadenitis – Inflammation of lymph nodes
• Lymphadenopathy- Diseased lymph
nodes.• Lymphangitis -
Inflammation of lymph vessels
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Viral Infection of the Circulatory System
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H.I.V. Infection
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WHAT IS HIV??
• “Human Immunodeficiency Virus”• A unique type of virus (a retrovirus)• Invades the helper T cells (CD4 cells) in the body of the host (defense mechanism of a person)• Threatening a global epidemic.• Preventable, managable but not curable.
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OTHER NAMES FOR HIV• Former names of the virus include:
•Human T cell lymphotrophic virus (HTLV-III)
•Lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV)
•AIDS associated retrovirus (ARV)
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WHAT IS AIDS ???• “Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome”• HIV is the virus that causes AIDS• Disease limits the body’s ability to fight
infection due to markedly reduced helper T cells.• Patients have a very weak immune
system (defense mechanism)• Patients predisposed to multiple
opportunistic infections leading to death.
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AIDS (definition)• Opportunistic infections and malignancies
that rarely occur in the absence of severe immunodeficiency (eg, Pneumocystis pneumonia, central nervous system lymphoma). • Persons with positive HIV serology who
have ever had a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mcL or a CD4 lymphocyte percentage below 14% are considered to have AIDS.
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“THE VIRAL GENOME”
• Icosahedral (20 sided), enveloped virus of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses.
• Retroviruses transcribe RNA to DNA.
Two viral strands of RNA found in core surrounded by protein outer coat.
Outer envelope contains a lipid matrix within which specific viral glycoproteins are imbedded.These knob-like structures responsible for binding to target cell.
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Modes of HIV/AIDS
Transmission
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Through Bodily Fluids
• Blood products
• Semen
• Vaginal fluids
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Intra Venous Drug Abuse
• Sharing Needles
•Without sterilization Increases the chances of contracting HIV
• Unsterilized blades
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Through Sex
•Unprotected Intercourse•Oral•Anal
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Mother-to-Baby
• Before Birth• During Birth
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NATURAL COURSE OF
HIV/AIDS
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Stage 1 - Primary• Short, flu-like
illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection• Mild symptoms• Infected person
can infect other people
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Stage 2 - Asymptomatic
• Lasts for an average of ten years • This stage is free from symptoms• There may be swollen glands• The level of HIV in the blood
drops to low levels • HIV antibodies are detectable in
the blood
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Stage 3 - Symptomatic• The immune system deteriorates • Opportunistic infections and cancers start to appear.
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Stage 4 - HIV AIDS• The immune system weakens too much as CD4 cells decrease in number.
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Antiretroviral Drugs (HAART)
• Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors•AZT (Zidovudine)
• Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors•Viramune (Nevirapine)
• Protease inhibitors•Norvir (Ritonavir)
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EFFECTIVENESS OF HAART IN REDUCING MORTALITY
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PRIMARY PREVENTION:Five ways to protect yourself?
• Abstinence•Monogamous Relationship• Protected Sex• Sterile needles• New shaving/cutting blades
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Infectious Mononucleosis
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Infectious Mononucleosis
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Mumps
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Mumps
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Mumps
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Viral Hemorrhagic Diseases
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Viral Hemorrhagic Diseases
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Bacterial Infection of the Circulatory System
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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Endemic Typhus Fever
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Endemic Typhus Fever
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Epidemic Typhus Fever
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Epidemic Typhus Fever
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Ehrlichiosis
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Ehrlichiosis
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Lyme Disease
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Lyme Disease
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Lyme Disease
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Plague
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Plague
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Plague
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Plague
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Plague
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Tularemia
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Tularemia
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Tularemia
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End of Presentation. Keep safe.