Infectious Diseases
description
Transcript of Infectious Diseases
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PREVENTIONAND
TREATMENT
Infectious Diseases
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For teacher’s reference
Curriculum Links:
Course: SBI 3CUnit: (C) MicrobiologyExpectation: 3.5 - describe how different viruses,
bacteria, and fungi can affect host organisms, and how those effects are normally treated or prevented (e.g., hepatitis viruses can damage the liver, but vaccinations can prevent infections; streptococcus bacteria can cause respiratory infections, which are treated with antibiotics; ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin, treated with fungicides
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Misconceptions
Antibiotics can cure all types of infectious diseases
Antibiotics can be taken to prevent infections
Colds and Flu are caused by bacteria (or general confusion over which illnesses are caused by viruses vs. bacteria)
You can get the flu from the flu shot
Viruses are living organisms
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Agenda
Infectious DiseasesBacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protists that
cause Infectious DiseasesTransmission of DiseasesPrevention of DiseasesTreatment of Diseases
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Infectious disease
Defined as:- A disease caused by a microscopic pathogen
such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
- These diseases can be transmitted from person to person
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Bacteria and Disease
Bacteria cause disease when they build up in large numbers in an affected area of the body.
The toxins from the bacteria “overload” a person’s immune system and it’s ability to remove these poisons
This can have varying effects on the host (depending on bacteria/disease) decrease function of cells and tissues destroying cells and tissues
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Examples
Bacteria DiseaseClostridium Botulism, tetanus, gangreneStreptococcus Strep throat, scarlet fever,
pneumoniaStaphylococcus Boils, food poisoning, skin
infections, pneumonia
Neisseria meningitidis Meningococcal Meningitis Vibrio cholerae Cholera
Adapted from Nelson Biology 11 College Preparation
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Viruses and Disease
Viruses depend on host cells to survive and reproduce
Through the process of reproduction, viruses attack host cells This is what causes the symptoms of the disease
Viral Infections are often difficult to treatWhy do you think this is?
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Examples
How do Viruses compare to Bacteria size wise?
Virus Diseaseorthomyxoviruses Influenza (flu)rhinoviruses Common Coldretroviruses (HIV) AIDSflaviviruses West NileParamyxoviruses Measles, mumpsvaricella-zoster Chicken Poxrhabdoviruses rabies
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Protists and Disease
Protists which are single celled eukaryotes (examples include amoeba, paramecium)
Protists can be parasitic, causing harm to the host organism What is meant by parasitic?
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Examples
Protist Disease Plasmodium MalariaTrypanosoma African Sleeping SicknessGiardia lamblia Giardiasis
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Fungi and Disease
Fungi are responsible for many human diseases.
These diseases are referred to asmycoses
Most are simply bothersomeSome can be life threatening
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Examples
Fungus DiseaseMicrosporum RingwormEpidermophyton floccosum Athlete’s footBlastomyces dermatidis Blastomycosis
• Amanita phalloides (a.k.a Dead cap) world’s most dangerous mushroom. Eating one or two can be fatal
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Disease Transmission
Infectious diseases can spread easily from person to person in five different ways
1._______________________________2._______________________________3._______________________________4._______________________________5._______________________________
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Disease Transmission
Infectious diseases can spread easily from person to person in five different ways
1. Air2. Food3. Water4. Person to Person contact (direct or
indirect)5. Animal bites
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Examples of Transmission Methods
Disease Pathogen Transmission Method
AIDS HIV Person to Person (e.g. sexual intercourse)
Common Cold rhinovirus Air, person to person
Malaria Plasmodium (protist) Mosquito bites
Measles paramyxovirus Air, person to person
Botulism Clostridium botulinum (bacteria)
Food
Adapted from Modern Biology (2002)
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Prevention
Vaccinations
Immune System Specific Non-Specific – Body’s “first line of defense” for
preventing pathogens from entering the body
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Non-Specific Immunity
Skin – keratin shield acts as a barrier Sweat, oils, and waxes released by skin – toxic to many
bacteria and fungi Mucus membranes – Barrier secretes mucus which
traps pathogens Stomach Acid – destroys most swallowed pathogens Inflammatory Response – Injured cells send a chemical
signal as pathogens enter (through a cut for example). Chemical signal attracts phagocytes to destroy foreign pathogen
Fever – Body’s response to infection
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Specific Immunity – The Immune System
Include several organs within the body working together to identify pathogens and kill them Bone marrow Thymus Lymph Nodes Tonsils Adenoids Spleen
A great animated video to describe the immune system
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Vaccinations
Vaccines contain pathogens or toxins that have been modified so they can no longer cause disease
They contain antigens that stimulate an immune response this produces memory cells
Some diseases that have been controlled through vaccines: Polio, Measles, Mumps, Tetanus, Diphtheria,
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Treatment
Different depending on the pathogen causing the disease
Pathogen causing Disease
Treatment How it works
Bacteria Antibiotics Kill or inhibit growth of Bacteria.
Virus Some Antivirals (often fluid and rest)
Reduce ability of the virus to reproduce
Fungi Fungicide Destroys or inhibits growth of fungus
Protists Deworming agents
(Specific to individual pathogen)
Paralyze or kill parasite
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Case Study Activity
Jessica’s Case Measles
Suzie’s Case Malaria
Tim’s Case Giardiasis
Jack’s Case Cholera
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Teaching Strategies/Ideas
Graphic organizers (to divide Bacteria, Virus, Protist, and Fungi)
Diagnostic activitiesHIV simulation lab activityUse current/recent events (e.g. H1N1,
cholera outbreak in Haiti, SARS) in lessonsIncorporate Social Justice (e.g. AIDS
awareness, “buy a net” malaria prevention charity)
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References
http://emedicine.medscape.com/infectious_diseases
http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/infection-and-diseases/diseases-caused-by-bacteria.htm
http://www.ehow.com/about_5139239_diseases-do-protists-cause.html
http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/diseases/guide/understanding1.htm
http://www.fungi4schools.org/Documentation/03World-of-Fungi/WF05_Fungi_and_Disease.pdf
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/media/nr-rp/2005/2005_3bk1-eng.php