INFECTIOUS DISEASE Topics · Syphilis Latent Early Late No symptoms but serologically evident...
Transcript of INFECTIOUS DISEASE Topics · Syphilis Latent Early Late No symptoms but serologically evident...
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE INFECTIOUS DISEASE TopicsTopics
Principles of Disease TransmissionPrinciples of Disease TransmissionMicrobiology, Pathogens that cause diseaseMicrobiology, Pathogens that cause diseaseBacterial diseasesBacterial diseasesViral diseasesViral diseasesFungal InfectionsFungal InfectionsParasitic InfectionParasitic Infection
Microorganisms That Cause DiseaseMicroorganisms That Cause Disease
Virus
Fungi Prion
Bacteria (Staph) Parasite (Hookworm)
Bacterial DiseasesBacterial Diseases
PertussisPertussis
TetanusTetanusBotulismBotulism
PlaguePlagueAnthraxAnthrax“Strep”“Strep”BotulismBotulism
Gas gangreneGas gangreneCholeraCholeraTBTB
LeprosyLeprosy
pp“Staph”“Staph”
MeningitisMeningitis
SyphilisSyphilis
PertussisPertussis
Whooping CoughWhooping CoughHighly ContagiousHighly ContagiousVaccine PreventableVaccine PreventableSealSeal--like barking coughlike barking coughGagging, droolingGagging, drooling
PertussisPertussis
ExposureExposureNasal SwabNasal SwabAntibioticsAntibioticsSymptom CareSymptom Care
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PertussisPertussis
PPEPPEGlovesGlovesSafety GlassesSafety GlassesMaskMask
TetanusTetanus
LockjawLockjawNeurotoxinNeurotoxinWound contaminationWound contaminationProlonged muscle Prolonged muscle contractioncontraction
TetanusTetanus
ImmunizationImmunizationImportant Important vaccination question vaccination question to ask patients to ask patients
BotulismBotulism
BotulousBotulous –– “Sausage”“Sausage”NeurotoxinNeurotoxinParalysisParalysis
BotulismBotulism
Infant / AdultInfant / AdultColonization of Colonization of ingested sporesingested spores
BotulismBotulism
Wound Wound contaminationcontaminationIV Drug UsersIV Drug Users
Wear gloves Wear gloves and protect and protect from juicy from juicy woundswounds
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BotulismBotulism
FoodborneFoodborneIngestion of contaminated Ingestion of contaminated FoodsFoods
Clear liquids turned Clear liquids turned milkymilkyCracked jarsCracked jarsSwollen / Dented cansSwollen / Dented cans
BotulismBotulism
SymptomsSymptoms
BotulismBotulism
Care is supportiveCare is supportivePreventionPrevention
Don’t use IV drugsDon’t use IV drugsKeep all foods hot or coldKeep all foods hot or coldPay attention to foods you eatPay attention to foods you eat
Gas GangreneGas Gangrene
Gk “Gk “PutrificationPutrification””Found in soilFound in soilUsually enter body Usually enter body through a woundthrough a woundProduces gas Produces gas within tissueswithin tissuesComplication of Complication of tissue necrosistissue necrosis
Gas GangreneGas Gangrene Gas GangreneGas Gangrene
TreatmentTreatmentDebridementDebridementExcisionExcisionAmputationAmputation
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CholeraCholera
FoodborneFoodborneContaminatedContaminatedContaminated Contaminated water and foodwater and food
GastroenteritisGastroenteritisExhaustive diarrheaExhaustive diarrheaHypohydrationHypohydration
CholeraCholera
Symptoms 1Symptoms 1--5 days5 daysSudden onsetSudden onsetAbdominal painAbdominal painCODE BROWNCODE BROWN
Spread through Spread through ingestion of infected ingestion of infected waterwater
TuberculosisTuberculosis
A third of the world's population are thought to be infected with M. tuberculosis, and new infections occur at a rate of about one per second.
TuberculosisTuberculosis
Primarily attacks Primarily attacks lungslungsSpread through airSpread through airHighly contagiousHighly contagious
TuberculosisTuberculosis
SymptomsSymptomsLatent / ActiveLatent / ActiveHigh index of High index of suspicionsuspicion
TuberculosisTuberculosis
TreatmentTreatmentAntibioticsAntibioticsAnnual Annual titretitre
PPEPPEGlovesGlovesSafety glassesSafety glassesN95N95
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LeprosyLeprosy
Hansen’s DiseaseHansen’s DiseaseInfection of the Infection of the peripheral nerves peripheral nerves and respiratory tractand respiratory tractSkin lesions only Skin lesions only external signexternal sign
LeprosyLeprosy
Spread through Spread through nasal dropletsnasal droplets95% of people are95% of people are95% of people are 95% of people are naturally immunenaturally immuneAuto amputationAuto amputationLeft untreated Left untreated permanentpermanent
The PlagueThe Plague
The Black Plague or The Black Plague or Black DeathBlack DeathZ iZ iZoonoticZoonotic
RatsRatsFlea bitesFlea bites
Unrivaled scale of Unrivaled scale of death / devastationdeath / devastation
The PlagueThe Plague
ZoonoticZoonoticRatsRatsFlea bitesFlea bitesFlea bitesFlea bites
Unrivaled scale of Unrivaled scale of death / death / devestationdevestation
The PlagueThe Plague
Flea bites contaminate Flea bites contaminate wound with regurgitated wound with regurgitated blood carrying the plague blood carrying the plague bacteria. bacteria. Bacteria enter the tissue Bacteria enter the tissue and seek out the and seek out the lymphatic systemlymphatic system“Bubo” develop which “Bubo” develop which are related to swollen are related to swollen lymph nodes.lymph nodes.
AnthraxAnthrax
Affects mostly animalsAffects mostly animalsInfects humans viaInfects humans via
IngestionIngestionggInhalationInhalation
ColdCold--flu like symptoms flu like symptoms –– respiratory collapse / respiratory collapse / deathdeath
CutaneousCutaneousSymptoms based on site of entrySymptoms based on site of entry
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AnthraxAnthrax
Can be grown in vitroCan be grown in vitroCannot be spread personCannot be spread personCannot be spread person Cannot be spread person to person, but can expose to person, but can expose others to sporesothers to sporesVaccination availableVaccination available
SyphilisSyphilis
The French DiseaseThe French DiseaseThe Great ImitatorThe Great ImitatorThe Great ImitatorThe Great ImitatorSTDSTD
Can be spread without Can be spread without sexual contactsexual contact
Several stagesSeveral stages
SyphilisSyphilis
Primary (21 days)Primary (21 days)Painless chancrePainless chancreAn here on bodAn here on bodAnywhere on bodyAnywhere on body
Secondary (1Secondary (1--6 months)6 months)Reddish pink non Reddish pink non itchy rashitchy rashTrunk of body or Trunk of body or palms of hands feetpalms of hands feetMost infectiousMost infectious
SyphilisSyphilis
LatentLatentEarlyEarlyLateLateLateLate
No symptoms but No symptoms but serologically evidentserologically evident
SyphilisSyphilis
Tertiary (1Tertiary (1--10 yrs)10 yrs)Production of Production of guma’sguma’sInflammator processInflammator processInflammatory processInflammatory process
TreatmentTreatmentAbstinenceAbstinencePCNPCN
MRSAMRSA
MRSA AcronymMRSA AcronymNosocomialNosocomialTraditional and Traditional and community acquiredcommunity acquiredSpider bite!Spider bite!
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Traditional MRSA Risk Factors
Prolonged hospitalization
CA-MRSA Risk Factors
Sports team with close contact
MRSAMRSA
Prolonged hospitalizationProlonged ABXSurgeryProximity to pt. with infectionIndwelling linesPrior MRSA infectionDialysis infection
contactPrisonersSame gender sex, more common in malesIV Drug abusersLiving in close contact with infected personSchools
MRSAMRSA
MRSAMRSA MRSAMRSA
MRSAMRSA MRSAMRSA
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MRSAMRSA
TreatmentTreatmentAntibioticAntibioticLance and DrainLance and Drain
MRSAMRSA
SpreadsDirect contactR iRespiratory secretions
MRSAMRSA
Cover WoundsWash HandsPPE
GlovesSafety GlassesGown
Clostridium Clostridium DifficileDifficile
Causes diarrhea
TransmissionShed in feces
Contact with contaminated items
Extremely virulent
Clostridium Clostridium DifficileDifficile
PreventionAntimicrobial
Probiotics
Discontinue antibiotics
MeningitisMeningitis
Types of MeningitisTypes of MeningitisBacterialBacterialViralViral
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MeningitisMeningitis
Types of MeningitisTypes of MeningitisBacterialBacterial
Newborn (streptococci, ENewborn (streptococci, E--coli)coli)Children Children ––NeisseriaNeisseria(streptococci, Influenza B, (streptococci, Influenza B, TBTB
MeningitisMeningitis
Types of MeningitisTypes of MeningitisViralViral
Herpes simplex 2, Herpes simplex 2, varicellavaricella zoster, zoster, mumps, HIV, mumps, HIV, LCMVLCMV
Meningitis Meningitis
TreatmentTreatmentBacterialBacterial
AntibioticsAntibioticsViralViral
SymptomsSymptomsVaccinationVaccination
MeningococcemiaMeningococcemia
Meningitis Meningitis
PPEPPEGlovesGlovesSafety GlassesSafety GlassesMaskMask
ReviewReview
What bacteria can be transmitted through What bacteria can be transmitted through uncooked food or honey and may cause uncooked food or honey and may cause flaccidity and respiratory arrest?flaccidity and respiratory arrest?What is the most important symptomWhat is the most important symptomWhat is the most important symptom What is the most important symptom characteristic of characteristic of PertusisPertusis? (Whooping Cough)? (Whooping Cough)What bacterial disease presents with a patient What bacterial disease presents with a patient who is fine in the morning, sick at noon and who is fine in the morning, sick at noon and dead at night?dead at night?
ReviewReview
What does MRSA stand for and how is it What does MRSA stand for and how is it spread?spread?A rash that does not blanch is symptom of A rash that does not blanch is symptom of which bacterial disease?which bacterial disease?which bacterial disease?which bacterial disease?Which bacteria is so virulent it can survive Which bacteria is so virulent it can survive outside the host for long periods of time and is outside the host for long periods of time and is transmitted primarily from surface to human or transmitted primarily from surface to human or from contaminated feces?from contaminated feces?
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Break!Break!
Please go wash your hands!Please go wash your hands!
Viral diseasesViral diseases
HepatitisHepatitisSmall poxSmall poxVaricellaVaricella
RubellaRubellaYellow FeverYellow FeverCommonCommon coldcoldVaricellaVaricella
HerpesHerpesRabiesRabiesInfluenza (flu)Influenza (flu)
Common Common coldcoldAvian FluAvian FluSwine FluSwine FluWest Nile diseaseWest Nile disease
Human blood C f
Substances of Substances of Concern Concern
Human blood Components of human blood
Products made from human
blood
Human blood
Substances of Substances of ConcernConcern
Cerebrospinal fluidSemen and
vaginal secretions
Synovial fluid
Substances of ConcernSubstances of Concern
Pleural fluid Pericardial Fluid
Substances of Concern
Peritoneal fluid Amniotic fluid
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Hepatitis AHepatitis A
HAVHAVAcute infection of liverAcute infection of liver
Does not become Does not become chronicchronic
Transmitted fecalTransmitted fecal--oraloralContaminated food / Contaminated food / waterwater
Hepatitis AHepatitis A
Hepatitis AHepatitis A
SymptomsSymptomsFatigueFatigueFeverFeverNauseaNauseaDiarrheaDiarrhea
Hepatitis AHepatitis A
PreventionPreventionVaccinationVaccinationSanitationSanitationWash handsWash hands
Hepatitis BHepatitis B
HBVHBVAcute infection of liverAcute infection of liver
Death is rareDeath is rareChronic infection of liverChronic infection of liver
CirrhosisCirrhosisLiver cancerLiver cancer
Hepatitis BHepatitis B
SymptomsSymptomsAcuteAcute
General ill healthGeneral ill healthLoss of appetiteLoss of appetiteppppNauseaNauseaVomitingVomitingBody achesBody achesMild feverMild feverDark urineDark urineJaundiceJaundice
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Hepatitis BHepatitis B
SymptomsSymptomsChronicChronic
A t tiA t tiAsymptomaticAsymptomaticChronic Chronic inflammation of inflammation of liverliver
Hepatitis BHepatitis B
TransmissionTransmissionInfectious blood or Infectious blood or OPIM (substances of OPIM (substances of concern)concern)Sexual contactSexual contactBlood transfusionBlood transfusionContaminated Contaminated needlesneedlesVertical transmissionVertical transmission
Hepatitis BHepatitis B
TreatmentTreatmentAntiAnti--viralsviralsLiver transplantLiver transplantMost people rapidly Most people rapidly clear the virusclear the virus
Hepatitis BHepatitis B
PreventionPreventionVaccinationVaccination
Hepatitis B accineHepatitis B accineHepatitis B vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine: 1, 2, 6 mo (95% 1, 2, 6 mo (95% achieve protection)achieve protection)
PPEPPE
Hepatitis CHepatitis C
HCVHCVAcute phase is Acute phase is asymptomaticasymptomatic
Most discovered by Most discovered by accidentaccident
Chronic liver infectionChronic liver infectionMost common cause of Most common cause of liver transplantliver transplant
Hepatitis CHepatitis C
TransmissionTransmissionInfectious blood or Infectious blood or OPIM (substances of OPIM (substances of concern)concern)Sexual contactSexual contactContaminated Contaminated needlesneedles
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Hepatitis CHepatitis C
PreventionPreventionSafe sexual practicesSafe sexual practices
ddNeedle exchangeNeedle exchangePPEPPENO NO VACCINATIONVACCINATION
Hepatitis CHepatitis C
Small PoxSmall Pox
Small PoxSmall PoxVariolaVariola virus meaning virus meaning “ p tt d” i“ p tt d” i LL“spotted” in “spotted” in LnLn
Unique to HumansUnique to HumansLocalizes in blood vessels Localizes in blood vessels of skin, mouth and throatof skin, mouth and throatResults in Results in maculopapularmaculopapularrash and fluidrash and fluid--filled filled blistersblisters
Small PoxSmall Pox
TransmissionTransmissionrespiratoryrespiratoryp yp y
ProgressionProgressionSymptomsSymptoms
Fever (>101)Fever (>101)
Small PoxSmall Pox
VaccinationVaccinationWithin 3 days of Within 3 days of
p rp rexposureexposureWithin 4Within 4--7 days 7 days of exposureof exposure
Small PoxSmall Pox
Famous people in Famous people in history that have history that have contracted and contracted and recovered fromrecovered fromrecovered from recovered from Small PoxSmall Pox
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Small PoxSmall Pox
Small Pox vs. Small Pox vs. chicken poxchicken poxPPEPPE
GlovesGlovesSafety Safety GlassesGlassesMaskMask
Chicken PoxChicken Pox
VaricellaVaricellaShinglesShinglesTransmissionTransmission
respiratoryrespiratory
Chicken PoxChicken Pox
ProgressionProgressionSigns/SymptomsSigns/Symptoms
FeverFeverMalaiseMalaise
PPEPPEGlovesGlovesSafety glassesSafety glassesMaskMask
Chicken PoxChicken Pox
HerpesHerpes
Gk for “Creeping”Gk for “Creeping”HSVHSV--11
Most commonMost commonHSVHSV--22
ProdromeProdrome22--21 days 21 days Shed virus Shed virus anytimeanytime
HerpesHerpes
TransmissionTransmissionDirect contact Direct contact with open sore with open sore
i di dor contaminated or contaminated skinskin
PreventionPreventionNo vaccinationNo vaccinationAntiviralsAntivirals may may reduce viral reduce viral sheddingshedding
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RabiesRabies
Causes acute Causes acute encephalitisencephalitisAlmost always fatal Almost always fatal
i h i dii h i diwithout immediate without immediate treatmenttreatmentEarly SymptomsEarly Symptoms
MalaiseMalaiseHeadacheHeadacheFFeverever
RabiesRabies
Late symptomsLate symptomsParalysisParalysisAgitationAgitationHallucinationsHallucinationshydrophobiahydrophobia
97% dog bites97% dog bitesPreventionPrevention
Vaccinations Vaccinations
RubellaRubella
German MeaslesGerman Measles“little Red”“little Red”
Mild diseaseMild diseaseLasts 1Lasts 1 3 days3 daysLasts 1Lasts 1--3 days3 daysAirborneAirborneVirus present in Virus present in urine, feces and on urine, feces and on skinskinSimilar to fluSimilar to fluVaccinationVaccination
Yellow FeverYellow Fever
HemorrhagicHemorrhagic
Yellow FeverYellow Fever
“The black vomit”“The black vomit”HemorrhagicHemorrhagicTransmittedTransmittedTransmittedTransmitted
Female Female mosquito bitemosquito bite
Yellow FeverYellow Fever
SymptomsSymptomsFeverFeverNauseaNauseaPainPainPainPainjaundicejaundice
PreventionPreventionVaccinationVaccination
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Avian FluAvian Flu
Bird FluBird FluType AType AH1N1 is only one H1N1 is only one subtypesubtypesubtypesubtypeTransmission?Transmission?Vaccination?Vaccination?PPEPPE
GlovesGlovesSafety glassesSafety glassesmaskmask
Swine FluSwine Flu
Type AType AInfluenza CInfluenza CTransmission?Transmission?Vaccination?Vaccination?PPEPPE
GlovesGlovesSafety glassesSafety glassesmaskmask
Athletes FootAthletes Foot
RingwormRingworm“Jock itch”“Jock itch”SymptomsSymptoms
ScalingScalingItchingItchingPeelingPeeling
TransmissionTransmissionBathhousesBathhousesShowersShowersLockeroomsLockerooms
CandidaCandida
ThrushThrushYeastYeast
The story of the guinea wormThe story of the guinea worm
A boil forms, a worm begins to emerge ...
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The worm gets wrapped around a stick.
Caduceus: Snake on a staff or worm on a stick?
ScabiesScabies
WHAT IS WHAT IS SCABIES?SCABIES?HOW IS IT HOW IS IT SPREAD?SPREAD?SPREAD?SPREAD?HOW IS IT HOW IS IT TREATED?TREATED?WHAT WHAT MEASURES MEASURES SHOULD WE SHOULD WE TAKE?TAKE?
SCABIES SKIN LESIONSSCABIES SKIN LESIONS
Sickness
Many symptoms of illness — swollen lymph nodes, fever, runny nose — are side effects of your immune system gearing up to fight the invader.
Questions….Questions….