Infectious disease

Sim Eunji Lee Eunji Jeon Suok Cho Hyunji 　

Measles• Overview

– Infection percent is up than 90%. – Infection route is touch the infectious

nasal discharge, urine and blood. • Period

– Incubation period is 10-12days.– Measles period is divided two parts

of Prodromal stage and Eruption stage.

• Prodromal stage: brings a fever, cough, nasal discharge, conjungctivitis and so on.

• Eruption stage: brings koplik spot(a white spot with red hoop at gingiva).

Measles

• Symptoms– At First time: red spot form a neck, ears, a forehead, cheek. – 1day later: red spot appear the upper body– 2days later: red spot coming to the lower body– 3days later: red spot form all the body– 5-6days later: all things disappear

• Prevention – Prevention method is vaccination when 12-15 month after birth

and when 4-6 years old.

Pertussis

• Overview– Pertussis is kinds of respiration disease. – The source virus is Bordetella pertussis.– Spread by touching infected person or by

reaching infected person's saliva. – Dead percent by infecting pertussis is high to

baby. All babies must be gave vaccination for prevention.

Pertussis• Period

– The incubation period is 3-12days– Pertussis period is divided three parts.

• Catarrhal stage: keep on 1-2 weeks. It bring symptoms like cold. This stage infectivity is most strong than others.

• Paroxysmal stage: This stage bring crazy cough, vomiting, apnea, nosebleed, acute subdural hemorrhage, and so on.

• convalescent stage: keep on 1-2 weeks. pertussis's symptoms disappear.

• Pertussis's cure is hospitalization therapy and special cure like give erythromycin.

Rubella• Definition

– It occurs by infection rubella viruses. ear back. originates for a lymph paragraph behind back neck is large pains, and departure (pink-colored erythematous papules) appears on a face and the body. While there is departure, a slight fever is accompanied, and infectious is a high infection anger disease. If a pregnant woman is infected early with pregnancy, for baby apriority rubella syndrome is given , embryos can have eye, ear, heart, ideal of the nervous system.

– *attack position : skin, lymph paragraph(ear back, neck back), eye, ear, heart, nervous system

Rubella

• cause– Feces of an infected person, urine, blood, cough or speak,

when saliva is spread. symptom doesn't appear to the faces. Contagion is strong, and incidence in a group is high.

– family from 50-60% are infected. If pregnant women become infected ,through the placenta and infect the fetus.

• symptom– ear back, neck back, a lymph paragraph of laryngeal grows

larger, and feel a pain, and departure appears. Pink-colored papules that first appeared on the face within 2-3 hours in the head, arms, trunk and rapidly spread through the body.

Chicken pox

• Definition– It is a disease viral acute by

varicella-zoster virus.– *attack position : Whole body

• cause– Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesviridae

belong to Varicella-zoster virus, VZV, HHV-3 is a virus that causes chicken pox.

Chicken pox• symptom

– Latent period of 2-3 weeks and Usually, after 13-17 days after infection, the symptoms started to appear. start slight fever of acute. blister changes by steps passing through a continuous process, coexistence of multiple steps at the same time is characterized by blisters. If a blister burst, it changes for blisters. Scalp, armpits, mouth, upper respiratory mucosa, the conjunctiva is prone to frequent. Adults symptoms of fever and systemic infection.

Mumps• Overview

– Mumps virus belong paramyxovirus lesson is a RNA virus of 90 ~ 300nm.

– Mumps virus infections of the ether, 0.1% formaldehyde,-propiolactone, ultraviolet, or 50°c ~ 60°c (20min) with no heat, in 4°c few days, -20°c days the order will remain infectious.

• symptoms– The incubation period (16 to 18) after a tough fever, headache,

myalgia, anorexia, vomiting, light bulbs and other symptoms appear 1-2days.

– Chimseon (mainly parotid), this hardly swollen and fell pain and tenderness, swelling after starting 1-3 days to reach a peak within 3 to 7 broaching the skies.

Mumps• cause / pathophysiology

– Pathogens • paramyxovirus (RNA virus)• This is only one host

– Epidemiology • Are infected with the respiratory droplets.• Worldwide trend in winter and 30% have subclinical infection, after receiving

immunity.– before infection

• Summer dyeing sex virus (Mumps virus), or direct contact with a small parcel (droplet)

• ,or other contaminated material entering the nose or mouth infection (infection splash) and, for children 5-15years old are most common.

– incubation• Approximately 2-3 weeks, and infectious period of 7 days before illness onset was

after 9days.

Mumps

• cure– There is no specific treatment. – No antiviral treatment, symptoms, treatment, and stable,

careful food choices and makes allopathy.– Fever or pain in the aspirin is used.

• Prevention– MMR vaccine is no specific treatment when prevention is

possible.

Diphtheria• overview

– Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that spreads easily and occurs quickly. It mainly affects the nose and throat. Children under 5years and adults over 60 are particularly at risk for contracting the infection.

• symptoms– In its early stage, diphtheria can be mistaken for a bad sore throat. A

low- grade fever and swollen neck glands are the other early symptoms.– for example>>

• have difficulty breathing and swallowing.• complain of double vision.• have slurred speech.• even show signs of going into shock(skin that's pale and cold, rapid

heartbeat, @sweating, and an anxious appearance)

Diphtheria

• prevented– Preventhing diphtheria depends almost completely on immunizing

children with the diphtheria/ tetanus / pertussis (DTP or DTaP) vaccine and non -immunized adults with the diphtheria/ tetanus vaccine.

– for example>>• DTaP vaccines at 2,4 and 6months of age• booster doses given at 12 to 18 months• booster doses given again at 4 to 6 years• booster shots given every 10years after that to maintain

protection

Swine influenza A(H1N1)• Symptoms

– The initial symptoms of this flu virus are like those of the regular, annual flu viruses: fever, muscle aches, runny nose, and sore throat. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may be more common with this swine flu than with the regular flu.

• Diagnosis– Your doctor will evaluate your symptoms to determine

whether you have swine flu or a cold. • Period

– Adults should be considered contagious until at least seven days after the start of symptoms; with children, it may be 10 to14 days.

Swine influenza A(H1N1)

• Prevention1.Wash your hands or use alcohol-based hand cleaners

frequently.2.When you greet people, don't shake hands or exchange

kisses.3.Avoid contact with people with flu symptoms.

• Cure– As of now, the new virus is killed by two antiviral

medicines — Tamiflu (oseltamivir) and Relenza (zanamivir).

Plague• Symptoms

– Bubonic plague — This form of plague is transmitted by the bite of an infected rat flea, and it takes its name from the swollen, infected lymph nodes called buboes that are found within the lymph system draining the area of the flea bite

– Septicemic plague — This form of plague can develop as a complication of untreated bubonic plague, when Y. pestis bacteria spread to the bloodstream and cause a blood infection called septicemia.

– Pneumonic plague — This form of plague develops when a victim has inhaled contaminated airborne droplets from an animal or human whose plague infection has spread to the lungs, or from spread of the bacteria to the lungs in patients with bubonic or septicemic plague.

Plague• Prevention

– Avoid contact with sick or dead animals.– Avoid contact with the nests and burrows of

squirrels, chipmunks and other wild rodents.– Apply an insect repellent containing DEET

(diethyltoluamide) to your skin and use other insect repellents on clothing.

– Use veterinarian-approved flea collars and other flea repellents on cats and dogs.

– If you have to handle a dead animal, use gloves.

Plague• Cure

A person who is suspected to have the plague needs to be hospitalized. Once in the hospital, the person is isolated immediately, and hospital personnel take special precautions to prevent the spread of plague bacteria.

• PrognosisPneumonic plague is the most rapidly fatal form of plague, and most victims will die if they do not receive antibiotics within the first 18 hours after symptoms begin.

Infectiousdisease

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