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Dr.T.V.Rao MD 1
Infection Preventionin Health Care
Basic PracticesDr. J.L. RODRIGUEZ NEPHROLOGIST
Infection Prevention in Health CareBasic Practices
Dr. J.L. RODRIGUEZ NEPHROLOGIST
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Teaching and Learning Module ONE
• The Programme Created for Schedule of training module at
Nurses Staff, Oshakati Hospital, as a part of Infection Control
Programme organised by Infection Control Committee .
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Nurses Role in Infection Control
Follow correct sanitization, disinfection and sterilization procedures
Help patient understand basic disease prevention
Administer immunizations and educate patients about immunizations
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Three Levels of Infection Control
Sanitization – cleaning and scrubbing instruments and equipment to remove contaminated materials and microorganisms
Disinfection – second level used on instruments and equipments that come in contact with intact mucous membrane Sterilization – complete destruction of all microorganisms-
pathogenic, beneficial, and harmless- surface of instrument and equipment
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Sanitization MethodsCollecting instruments – place in
container with water and neutral pH detergent until you can get to them.
Use utility gloves always and mask, eye protection and protective clothing if blood, body fluids or tissue are present
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Sanitization Methods (cont.)
Drain disinfectant or detergent solution
Rinse each piece under hot running water
Scrub each item using hot, soapy water and small plastic brush
Pay careful attention to hinges, ratchets and nooks
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Standard Precautions• Apply standard precautions to all
patients regardless of their diagnosis, and to all contaminated equipments and materials. • Use judgment in determining
which protective barriers are necessary.
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Sanitization Methods (cont.)
Rinse instruments individually and place each one on a clean towel.
Roll all instruments in the towel to remove moisture
Place instruments either in trays or bins for storage or wrap for sterilization
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 9
Disinfection Wear gloves when handling instruments.Disinfection solution must cover every
surface.Used if instrument does not penetrate a
patient’s skin or mucous membranesEnamelwareEndotracheal tubesGlasswareLaryngoscopes and nasal specula
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Standard Precautions1. Hands Hygiene 2. Use Personal protective equipment's
(PPE)• Gloves• Gowns• Masks• Eye protection • Face Shields
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 11
Discard needles and other sharps in
.Discard needles and other sharps in the sharp containers which are located as close as possible to the area of use. Don't recap needles, If any ,use the Scoop method (one hand method).
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USING “ SCOOP METHOD’’
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Never Recap Needle You are Likely to Injure
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Sharps containers• Should be easily accessible• At or below the level of the eyes• Kept away from the pathways • Not to be kept on the grounds.• Should Not be overfilled more than 3/4
full.• Never to be shake to get more space
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CLEANING SPILLS (e.g. Blood & body fluids)• Wear gloves and other PPE• Absorb: Wipe up the spill with an
absorbent towel.Clean with detergent.• Apply disinfectant to the contaminated
area using sodium hypochlorite( Clorox 1: 10= 1 volume+9 water volumes) contact time 5-10min.• Absorb Clorox and wash with water.
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Hand Hygiene•Alcohol-based Hand Rub•Use of gloves does NOT
replace hand washing.•Gloves must be changed in-
between patients.
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HAND WASHING•When to wash your hands :• If hands are visibly dirty .• Soiled hands with blood or body
fluids.• After contact with: blood ,body
fluids, secretions or mucus membranes.
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When to wash your hands?• After contact with intact or non-
intact skin.• After handling items potentially
contaminated (equipments)• In-between patients .• After removing gloves.• After using bathroom.
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When to wash hands
• Before direct contact with patient.• Before donning (sterile) gloves.• Before preparing or handling
medications.• Before handling clean dressing.
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When to use alcohol-based hand rub
• If hands are NOT visibly soiled alcohol rub could be used instead of hand washing.• If hand are visibly soiled
(contaminated) ,they should be washed first.
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PPE: Personal Protective Equipment's:
• Gloves donning & removal• Other PPE donning &removal• Donning & removal of N95 mask
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Transmission-Based Precautions
• Used in addition to Standard Precautions for Specified Patients
• Designed for the Care of Patients known or suspected to be infected by epidemiologically important pathogens spread by: airborne, droplet, or contact transmission.
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Droplet Precautions• For infectious agents with droplet nuclei > 5
microns, through cough or sneezing:• Examples:–Pertussis– Influenza.–Meningococcus meningitis.
• Precaution Details:–Private room– Surgical Mask if within 1 meter of patient.
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For effective segregation of waste, provision of different types of waste
containers in all clinical areas, is necessary.
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 25
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Never Forget Simple Washing Saves Many Lives
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 27
CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 28
Subclavia Catheter
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 29
Dialysis Peritoneal Pediatric
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Session of Haemodialysis
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 31
This is a life saved in Ward 8 of the Oshakati Hospital. Augost 2013
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 32
Often what appears to be, in the end it is not.
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Programme Created by Dr.J.L. Rodriguez
Nephrologist for Benefit of Nursing Staff in Health Care. Oshakati Hospital.
Web: http://medicablogs.diariomedico.com/jlrodriguez/
• Email• [email protected]