Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main...
-
Upload
rachel-lynch -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main...
![Page 1: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Infection
![Page 2: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Learning objectives
To understand how an infection develops
To learn about the main groups of pathogenic organisms
To introduce examples of pathogens
![Page 3: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The life of an infection. (Try to explain the graph)
![Page 4: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The main Pathogens (germs)
Bacteria: Prokaryotic organisms that reproduce inside the body and release toxins that harm the body.
Responsible for food poisoning, blood poisoning etc.
![Page 5: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bacteria contd.
Gram + cocci e.g. Staphylococcus aureus responsible for MRSA & Streptococcus pneumoniae responsible for pneumonia
Gram –ve cocci: the STD Gonnorhoea and bacterial meningitis
All treatable with antibiotics Penicillin
Various bacilli
Escherichia coli Harmless in our lower gut but causes sickness if ingested in food, Salmonella, cholera and bubonic plague.
![Page 6: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Other bacterial disease
Clostridium spp. Cause Botulism (a serious type of food poisoning) and tetanus (lock jaw) a potentially fatal type of blood poisoning.
Tuberculosis
Leprosy (treatable but not curable) Also not very infectious
Syphilis – another STD
Lyme Disease – spread by a deer tick.
![Page 7: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Viruses
![Page 8: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Viruses
Very small
Cannot sustain life on their own
Must develop and reproduce as parasites in cells
Kill host cells
Hard to treat because they are protected by host cells.
![Page 9: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Viral life cycle
http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=SCE404
![Page 10: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Viral diseases
Mostly cannot be treated. Many can be prevented by vaccination.
Small Pox/ cow pox/chicken pox
Measles and german Measles (Rubella)
Mumps
Common cold, Influenza
HIV
norovirus and rotavirus, common causes of viral gastroenteritis
![Page 11: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Wide a variety of different classes of virusesDepends on whether they have RNA and DNADepends on life cycle and how they reproduce inside the cellExample of viral classification, the chicken pox virus, varicella zoster (VZV), belongs to the order Herpesvirales, family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, and genus Varicellovirus. VZV is in Group I of the Baltimore Classification because it is a dsDNA virus that does not use reverse transcriptase.
![Page 12: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Prions
These are simple infectious proteins
They can only reproduce inside animals where they convert existing proteins to the rogue form.
They are currently only known to cause diseases of the nervous system such as mad cow disease and Creuzfeld Jakob
![Page 13: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Protozoans
Single celled Eukaryotes. Most are harmless but some are pathogens:
Amoebae: Amoebic dysentery
![Page 14: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Flagellates
• The diarrhoea causing Giardia lamblia; Sleeping sickness Trypanosoma
![Page 15: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sporozoans:
• Malaria caused by Plasmodium
![Page 16: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Toxoplasmosis
• Which can cause severe foetal deformities if it infects pregnant women.
![Page 17: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fungi
Athletes foot
Thrush
Other skin infections such as Jock itch and
ringworm
Infections of the toenail.
![Page 18: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Multicellular parasites
• Helminthic diseases (caused by types of worms)
• Tapeworms: Pork or beef
Pork tapeworm in brain
Scolex of tapeworm that attaches to gut wall
![Page 19: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Flukes: Schistosomiasis (liver flukes and blood flukes)
![Page 20: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nematodes: Various species affect the gastro-intestinal tract notably Ascaris Lumbricoides (Large Intestinal Roundworms)
![Page 21: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Also cause Guinea worm
![Page 22: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
And Elephantiasis
![Page 23: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Answer these questions
What things may cause infections?
Why does an infection take a while to develop?
Why does an infection make you ill?
Why do you get better from most infections?
Why might you not be able to catch the same infection again?
![Page 24: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Homework• Find out about a disease causing organism and write about it. Your report
must contain the following:• A description of the disease causing organism (include a picture). (5 points)• A description of the symptoms of the disease – include information on
potential morbidity. (3 points)• Methods of treatment and prevention. (3 points)• Methods of transmission of the disease. (2 points)• Discovery of the disease causing organism. (1 point)• Regions of the globe and or sections of society most affected by it. (2 points)• You must not copy and paste! You must include references!• (English 3 points, refs 1 point)• Total 20 points
![Page 25: Infection. Learning objectives To understand how an infection develops To learn about the main groups…](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070615/5a4d1bd27f8b9ab0599d90ef/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Alternative
In pairs develop a five minute presentation about one of the diseases named in this lesson:
MRSA, Gonnorhoea, Salmonella, Botulism, TB, Syphilis, Lyme Disease, Leprosy, HIV, chicken pox, mumps, measles, common cold, rota virus, creuzfeld jacob, athletes foot, amoebic dysentry, giardia, sleeping sickness, toxoplasmosis, pork tapeworm, liver flukes, schistosomiasis, ascariasis, guinea worm and elephantiasis.
Use guidance from homework slide to show what must be included in your presentation.