INFECTION CONTROL Chapter 3. Spreading Disease Young children are very vulnerable to the spread of...
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Transcript of INFECTION CONTROL Chapter 3. Spreading Disease Young children are very vulnerable to the spread of...
![Page 1: INFECTION CONTROL Chapter 3. Spreading Disease Young children are very vulnerable to the spread of diseases because they haven’t built up immunities The.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649d085503460f949d968d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INFECTION INFECTION CONTROLCONTROL
Chapter 3Chapter 3
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Spreading DiseaseSpreading Disease
• Young children are very vulnerable to the spread of diseases because they haven’t built up immunities
• The potential spread of disease in child care goes up as the number of children and staff increases
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Controlling the Spread of Controlling the Spread of DiseaseDisease
• Controlling the spread of disease is a major responsibility for any child care provider
• If we understand the 4 ways germs that cause illness are spread we can set up preventive measures: (see p 87)
• Respiratory tract: cough, sneeze, talk– The most common – Secretions go through air to toys, food, doorknobs,
etc– Prevention: cough into elbow
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Controlling Spread of Disease, Controlling Spread of Disease, cont’dcont’d
• Fecal-oral: from bowel movement to hands to mouth– Prevention: sanitary practices See p 102
• Direct Contact: – Secretions (urine, saliva, mucus) to toys, etc– Parasites to clothing, bedding– Prevention: hygiene--keeping clean See p
102
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Controlling Spread of DiseaseControlling Spread of Diseasecont’dcont’d
• Blood Contact: biting, nose bleed, cuts– Universal sanitary practices
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Exclusion to Control the Spread Exclusion to Control the Spread of Diseaseof Disease
– Excluding children from care is not very effective. Most diseases can be spread (transmitted) for up to several days before symptoms appear
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ImmunizationsImmunizations
• Immunizations (vaccinations) help prevent communicable diseases. EX mumps, chicken pox, measles, whopping cough
• US ranks 69th in the world in immunization rate for children
• Whopping cough, measles, etc are resurging at an alarming rate
• See p 89 for immunization schedule
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Immunizations in CAImmunizations in CA
• Child care professionals report immunization rates among their enrolled children every Fall
• During intake process we can educate parents about the importance of immunization in preventing disease
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Failure to ImmunizeFailure to Immunize• Some parents do not immunize for
medical or religious reasons. These parents must sign a waiver.These students are particularly vulnerable. Ex if someone in the community visits an area with a high incidence of communicable disease
• Controversy: do preservatives cause Autism?
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Hygiene and SanitationHygiene and Sanitation
Cleanliness (hygiene) and sanitation are important in preventing the spread of disease in a child care environment
Cleanliness: everyday absence of dirt and germs
Sanitation: killing germs that spread disease
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Universal Sanitary PracticesUniversal Sanitary Practices
• Help prevent the spread of disease (viruses, bacteria, parasites)
• USP are practiced in the following areas:– Hand washing– Diapering– Toilet and potty seat – Disinfecting surfaces
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Hand WashingHand Washing
• The single most important thing a care giver can do on site to prevent illness
• See table p 92
• Hand Washing and Diapering will be covered in student demonstrations
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Toilet and Potty SeatToilet and Potty Seat
• Toilets must be sanitized daily; more often if a child has diarrhea
• Both child and assisting care taker should wash hands
• Potty chairs are hard to clean and sanitize, and should be avoided, if possible. They must be cleaned after EACH use! See p 95
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Cleaning and Disinfecting Cleaning and Disinfecting AgentsAgents
1. Cleaning: all purpose liquid cleaners
2. Sanitizing: Soap, detergent, abrasive cleaners remove bacteria to decrease spread of disease
3. Disinfecting: Bleach and water solution used to eliminate germs. Different strength solutions for General cleaning p 96), OR Contamination by BM, blood, vomit, urine (p 98). Bleach loses its potency rapidly so solution should be mixed DAILY
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Hygiene PracticesHygiene Practices
• Dress-up things must be laundered frequently with bleach solution
• Hats should be sprayed with disinfectant
• Bedding should in individualized, labeled and stored in a plastic bag
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Head LiceHead Lice
• Once head lice enter your school they are easily spread
hard to eliminate
often “return”
require exclusion (when nits or lice are present)
See p 98-99
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Environmental Disease ControlEnvironmental Disease Control
• Water table: Standing water breeds germs (and mosquitoes) See p 100
• Play Dough: breeding ground for germs
See p 101
• Air: Warm, stagnant air breeds germs. The more people in the space for a longer time, the more germs will breed.
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ImplicationsImplications• Care givers should educate AND model
infectious disease control tactics for the children, other staff, and families EX hand washing techniques (agar experiment)
• Cultural Sensitivity: especially around immunizations
• Supervision: Additional task: report required illnesses to CA Health Dept.