Infection and Infection Control
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Transcript of Infection and Infection Control
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INFECTION AND INFECTIONCONTROL
Facilitator: Alex L. Legion, RN
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INFECTIONWhat is INFECTION?
Infection is also defined as th
einvasion multiplication ofmicroorganisms on the tissues of
the HOST resulting in signs andsymptoms as well as animmunologic response.
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The production of
microorganism injure thepatient by either:
Competing with the HOSTmetabolism
Cellular damage produced by t
hemicrobes
Intracellular multiplication
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Damage could be
Localized ( pressure sore, infected pressure
ulcer )
Systemic
Note: the severity of infection varies with the
disease producing ability and th
e number ofinvading organism, the strength of thedefense and some other factors
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Diagnostic Assessments:
WBC elevated in acute inflammatory
disease, bacterial disease
5- 10 x 109 /L
Lymphocytic and monocytic fractions
elevated in viral diseases 20%- 30%; 2%- 6% fraction
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Diagnostic Tests
ESR Elevated sedimentation ratesindicate the presence of inflammation
< 15 mm/ hr
Culture of Infectious Site provides
information on the growth ofmicroorganism in the culture media,to which type.
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Why iNFeCtiOn ocCur?
?
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Some bacteria develop resistance to
antibiotics
Some microbes such as influenza have somany different strains that a single vaccinecant protect against them all
Most viruses resist antiviral drugs
New infectious agents occasionally arise suchas HIV and corona virus
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Some microbes localize in areas of the body
that make treatment difficult ( bones, CNS)
Opportunistic organisms can cause infectionin immuno- compromised patients
Most of the people have not received
immunization
Increase in air travel can speed the virulentorganism to a heavily populated area in hours
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Use of biological warfare and bioterrorism
with organism such as Anthrax, plaque, isan increasing threat to public health andsafety throughout the world
the expanded use of immunosuppressive
drugs and invasive procedures increase therisk of infection
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Role of the Nurse in
Communicable diseases
Render nursing care to the patients withcommunicable diseases
Be knowledgeable in the ;
o Nature of specific microorganism, and itscapacity to survive in the body and outside
o Most effective method to destruct thespecific microorganism
o How the organism invades the Host and itsroute of escape from the body
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o
Th
e incubation periods and length
ofcommunicability
o How specific drugs alter the clinical signs and
the infectious course of the disease
o the most recent methods and concept of
prophylaxis for communicable diseases
o The rationales and control measures,
including isolation techniques
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NURSING CARE
SELF PROTECTION
PREVENTING SPREAD
PHYSICAL CARE OF PATIENTEMOTIONAL SUPPORT OF PATIENT
SPIRITUAL ASPECT OF CARE
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Assessment:(community level)
Provides an estimate of thedegree to which a family, group,or community is achieving thelevel ofhealth possible for them,
identifies specific deficiencies orguidance needed and estimatesthe possible effects of the Nursing
Interventions
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CHAIN OF INFECTION
CAUSATIVEAGENT PORT OFENTRY INOCULATIONSTAGE
INFECTION PORT OF EXIT
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CHAIN OF INFECTION
SUSCEPTIBLE
PORT OFENTERY
INOCULATIONSTAGE
INFECTION
PORT OF EXIT
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Assessment
Collection of dataCategories of Health Problems
Diagnosing community problem( focus oncommunicable diseases)
Planning/ Goal setting
Construction an action planImplementation planned care
Evaluation of care and Services provided
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In assessment;
Investigators study the currentincidence of the disease in thatSPECIFIC AREA and compare it tothe past incidence rate.
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To classify or determine if;
Sporadic these are diseasesthat occur occasionally an
irregularly
Epidemic- these are diseasesthat occurs greater thanexpected number in a specificarea over a specific time
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To classify or determine if;
Pandemic is an epidemic that
affects several countries or continents
Endemic - are those that are present
in a population or community at all
times. They usually involve few
people during specific time
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InflaMmaTiOnIRRITATION ON SKIN
SURFACE
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INFLAMMATION The protective response of
body tissues to irritation orinjury.
Cardinal signs are;Redness
Swelling
PainOften accompanied by loss of
function
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MANAGEMENT FOR INFECTION
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THANK YOU!!!