Infantry Operations and Weapons Usage in Korea, Winter of 1950-51

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FROMDistribution authorized to U.S. Gov't.agencies and their contractors;Administrative/Operational Use; Oct 1952.Other requests shall be referred toDepartment of the Army, Attn: PublicAffairs Office, Washington, DC 20310.

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RAE ltr, 26 Nov 1969

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Li VLiPUE WUPE1~UA~71 IN K(OREfA

fl'INTL.R OF 1950.51

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]REPORT OI~RLO-L1

Comentary On

M -KORE~A

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CONTENTS

i)4pp~r~~ i! ieY~akIm i~t~f~et-,Mi- Arent at, Jitthibig -ANe NAadUfat Anodczm twims tJwersi I'miujaikama - Boh~vi~rod W4 the O~tdy

'* t ,0MILUAT1ON-3I Winntry Pd,.

Wel-RW woo.taish* VAmlly -More Mon Mios - UC1 Poo' Attairk -fthio Chmol I'wVvmtgEfte'c?.ve Itajlpr - Value of F!.,w ýImr -- Anita 1444 In Actioni -- (hiw '4

tiort -. Loose Ar-~munilI9,o - WohlovuD AppWinktioU O~w" Wo~pmwi f.a It

Eff#Mt Oa MVItlf - Uniter C~mndl6,1Ga Of Cold - P MN"neWw&i AOPIII When, Cmimia.nuassom. 1.4

Losing toteb - PyntAmchniee mis RFgnis - The block a4ll. NOwuF

St"Ao O)JwinotI~f Aafro - .tw an,.. 11p - 1*.v Munt Kiv w ro -. MoAnTable - IJwiag In - Jngwslrisia I~r i;' maitiovMn - Iutii~w.iy Adjiraukinal

I I'1g).tinx Loul The Natuiral Load -. uhrdion limit - (hfitil by Npuls, 'dwiigi'UurnvdLodWhat Might k IUun- PVU.m4inJWasi - (411 p4 N

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PART It

r ~~Ilia Old UIlaidly -Nulpfing - Ack of TIJI4 Ouniurl - MI: Yvaluatlim -Mi*.

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PART PUafif

SOMES PRLINCIPLES EMERGE'OtD1P*AMxA)v air TnUE ?LAIKLUM S,%1T UlnWy

&%orlika VuMr1AUuiin 6ave pm~wOrt a uniq~ue w-t of pr-,btflem! t or Amnerica!' fovoem.Not. enly has the Commrnwit c~rr.my p iae'aed at a!! timo, the advsuitsae of suppriorIIutmhrs, some of whieb were iii pxeiti(o) Lo 13araw ur O mixtr. and CU~ U tour flfi~MOJbut our own wide his never boon in sArtnati suufhcot W~ fonr a continuous, clooelyknit ftrwaftd line.

During o.perations in the winter, 141"1,~ t.him irnoey umxl little sriilkry, Itm airpover, and no armnor.'- In the attack, he advaneed #%vinwt our hill pjvmit-ions uiaL Lond-carred weapons , Mifq heavilV on the nwaehiv- gun, 3uid x4F~ifly Itim~ on the mortar.Or eLme, undz:r eover of the siiht, he moved fownrrd 0nuhrul the inte'n'ticeii in the mw~iline of reintw-ie, either to attack artillery and oij.htr misr instalhntionx or to wet up anmua bltwk iwhind iorwt~rd iniantry b~tt~alons in an effort to induce their vdidrawt-LThemwerWe' the nrin matt 11northoedox~i" ini hinmehdf ntL)W.?

Araiwit a more Wutroilv urtned nrnnnrurift. md witit __ni ml!an rtl-

.ar'oMnx, seine of the tactic~s and tehnkiuep which have Proved invwt effectivo' awunt16ie N K-CCFI armieyi would require modification. The~ principlem which gnve them rise,

howeve~r, wol( rv in inilaw. l.r ina noces dn'twit'e thatfcim pexiivea u..rilis il; a~e o~ld rutin in Koreaorthat Theremi ino dcrimewhtcr thatnw derivesW pcimkri'me

from organic unit- within the poait~ion combined %ith t.he maximnum nuw-)t.muntictttmiii With a11 higher headiquitrtern and oo-eqniu watica& lmdieip to Wet. and righit.I'he perinwomer in by niture only a modlified ba~dgt4'og. itA mouln rciquirtenwntm we byM3 wwr., unique' to oreu. Inoywrw(r h ormiingo a fisuilit.u' battoIcront isImposijido, Nmcume of the superior number* of the oppotwnt and the vaat eapeinse to hedefendeA, r. rmB requiment wilt. 1w 'rgwairution by all t~aci-icid kodiwfnr all-atmunddefenw. Thii' implwva &F, acmriwwt~iir. of dortrtine, lomhin-m4 tarctics, inateritel, andnuppl.-ommurivitkimns mrthods to the Pi~.rn end.

'"he ri" of nuxlrn air po~wer, tie, development, of tho ve.-tie*J attack hy iaIntro ,the high m-obildt' 0! xsrzor with-it.. fcx,L kcrornrmninvent. awl. brinvl~y, the lvnlact ofMA)7o11-1 a¶"bJx)fl upon~ th. Inittlefi,,il hstvr dextrovN any furt 1wr pio.*~illairm in t16Ftrn'.haznal linear sy;;tcm in which' a wkll of men hoids fa nkkwu t.I~t of wonrli with V.*?nva:n 0upt3fL of prevtsiting p~s*.tratic'n at any point.

What. wre havo wera it) Kom&a is 11-e emnhrro o! the "wt oypuem, and it mhouI)I PMbe in 'rPreuW So haviw. oftly paxi ign ifiicAnrmec. Thej onm* solid wall, along wit"bnUAt and weapwab s~reUL van faiety evenly dwiU-tiato, will he Iwokce up into a laVu

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T1.ofrs-ýware a W niori ezute y thre 'iton dof w ia-t witIn allur d~aibf.y uvponS tIhvL')btJAdiisadeso Wit4'n, W tWS! ndu , ii~ thP t F atvt r &ýV r.rpoentilul'~~~an thecffeo a

Lmande f)TooJmJWC hy im tnorea Tl1. he if~tkgae'dic i; Wouldy fir the rule, to t&b a l airdI' if *0

~ a~~nd the uorde of deuaro in woutit no doubt I& deirobCY te that arr'tg t1e it tae Ca mi~l~ ~

arid Perviwes did not earn' vwitlhin the mcope of this report, though muchl yprtir. =t d~atio to be iou-sd in other CitO ateadir.

Kon1m, aor o'eraiun to lvonm M. uu-%-ringlv Oial in fut'ztv' & A'i~j1f;.!- operittions, wkilt the

-manic ger~erl patkarn. LIown of the att*ndsint proposi l- otiss ae riot sutsjeoI to Jr-lO1 00

tile limit, of vooIiapttnt datat. 1nc6d1-.fls owlsik they~ Point in I. FAgirri dirctcion; but theirpoasible nesanirng must Puill be mead (only aa enereia~zat

o'n-i..ht or byiar insev~ corftii t net, am t withtln a"~ur- 1''w'S!ean traveill 1Ay Pad. its

tep nitewmfr rnghinteri ma Jralre aitn many weltei'nra Wh~fl l able.~;i and iT'!oifunit.wry iNuivad hiy flias powderanrged shoat. S ro nxyil aa.lg*l but rupotiexrwaf ta v

dtimpcrmi wtutave by olyne itw pri-ackrgn planes fromw Jim,. 1^1 WAIk lu (ne d but. faraIs nlaic of n whe-% toeUyw~ inweurri titojjj ftd greM'w111 isrud rompn wai. rad inybitinnovatiorv" were ronioetagw't to th. tnsptrati.)ta of flee naofwuet, but atey "Wre Awsed.

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I igt.d& lIta fL oarmrnd 7%64 ýIovig c.0Jtr.T, cn 4itisM avrrbun of apprajrch 141 ti.. mUsA.4infigntry "ain 19 tile fat-', 4, fire, K! fe'rrud hitointy oanui this ridir tconot whoa the

* ~ ~ oa wor-,i % neo@ ti'nttiablom. It aLrt'" ow wort toi rI3Atl)l- It. IformrI "* bkli'km gratrdirig the

within~~ tde l efitrvc "vi tifd4'c. Ismag ite erunro.n from 2') a-xrt~ or I"- heu h4rifle luui. 'A Len I'~~ntarirt!y f1(;iýf WaI.- hr.H- Wili'l X.i tile 11ir.lit. 01itizdonx Wa11-e-ML2.

Ad A bibul-Up to rtrscr~vtt!q t'i-f a2.ltry *Jeri' I"V 1 woouikde. 14 bell Uth ilfa2'tty inumbersWrCF~ tkK; t10%u %;isuiks -Acrir ma.jrgd diI;ctrly intc te Mik. lute. Arzrnor fct tip to cdahilui

isin4 stzpply c'! ord Whitp nwiuAi ee only whezitht* wall jvric('t mcilirrnayr bet ween thni a. An I Ue comptiander eonaudered one jumt Is

Ii ~~~to ix-`ev i~aiiafir csw, if Ow crairi' (nee Its tn be~ ef iciez'tly vrtiedt.': hningk'rnt- of pu.'po' vvh:c.,A, th"~ chnra~-wna.4 the bee%~ JeL-t actiowl In the Kommf

~~ C Tbt'1ater will goverun the doetrrip- and un~s~~alp in 61Aohi Es~a.

* ~~~~The. #.lrfvP!ý?.iT~fftTy% 6,Y~ -; i- jt yqt ,to'rdva~icl, tl..R t1eaI'y got dorw iijutr~sy-Krtillery &RI,11 bvt. grrat proxrma in brea. twu ndv' Iiiect riuAw be I% tnor¶' JrleAt unLionbetween Vbv twot arms;n at the vinsprny level If a iu-e niarruiae in to takt- plat~e. 1'notank etouslpflny. 114 would an ht pI"(rPcr ufr itf th ie rvgip mentatf

him on tuiket hwi ith ina of sam-tawd tank wtit..Ws'wim~tire Clio- waar. uessl tif w~ork which diwovch~eti urpn infantry, thertb was

obv'iousienesit in K~om&' for ek r~siximer orF entajnfl-e ~cmpn vfl wit hin Use. infitntry regiment,.4. 1 1-La rifle. i.!ofpantl(4 a- Id;yx lvit their laistmi' full, if "upply WM~ to Iv' got~tce forwmiet to

theP olvicznigt/ ahung tilee L-!L:. -i~r. of rflNtunTce, if t*eiphont' finiv wenC Uo DC ladP0611144i4r p~i)JtllillK Werl' tO IM' MkIf4fiel~itE'udUt Ini.

The. ..zigin.eri batfallor. wo., !reqritralY not lowr writ ix-rupled it. n-Iiring roo~ldlrearware of th re'gimentede 1ximnditrae, exatelt.nwisriic fur4d, Nhial-duul awflti~lm., k.o.j~nghrsdqurxti-rp i ptaw~nnible h( jat.4-.toing iUt0

0cpulti not inflvo, n-firwahd, and' LKA ainnumiiltiin tru'kp e~uuld not. get to) O fon utiInf antry warn re'liovi,'d from motrap sie~cir "cowntud I.a 14 to oer p"A'twi work,

'at rarrl lead woilhueuard vo Uir purj., P04rrwh. olt #tM i hedf ay. Paul. The

aniStak adntc )toC1W1m u,5o nlcsI laanxPnpyprvAisdi"s

~*A.

RI KIUIM 0304-13

us eope with the wi'tiltfitritius rnginw-elng pm1~emi wit.h. whirch iirr. t 0y MpTtiol t.cai'bilrde.tw i t wpne Datl~ulpxtv trW' whbrn ow irtfnantry rxtmernet wII ,-~-%~rt

re-imonuts! N-sinbat -tem 1 minus the iser-vi:,je of t4e division engiswer comniqnt which.viorrnaly wmild at~tAt It..

ni - %miztrArlo' o! Oh ,~~tt, in!~lked mm pny 1;% %loo dt-"-rving of re-ftudyin tihtt e. h'R ' yrwiene..u- 1trvio~g gn-rt etouOi In nny 1101t1,Iv nituat~iofl

wen~ a~Agtifited i-ernefl(itoWly by the difisiculty of evskeuxtinit thin wt)ufdsi(i from thefviikupa hL,, cftkm :rn'vid - oin 'i~ f hrýndl c~ryn--n. :-- wr arelly

ewugh fit~tt:.", knsd hbd it, not be-en for the cn-tht-spot he-in p lvpn by Xn'iw'an pft-.MntP.,thai-auds mwr uwn wouid have died from their wdurida,

A WIPW "1A)DAI IPOX AWMWRCLW 10CUS

Awitny paMe of thip sort, the reprt m&,y been. uniduly to emplim~se tho,nptatIve I.Vocto of operationim the Iault.e vin wonpon-4, the tfdr'eericlon in tracipp, mi.d thefa~iures which could wit have occurred had the Army boon iwerve4 at all timnes by a peyfect

If that be the came, it iq only bacau". the ob] ect is to rav~eh !or pointa of wedkzieathat we may in tijn repair to grr~.ter strength,

It ix beieve~i thatt infan-try opermion within the Eighth Army him Met a newstanda~rd for American forces.

In the judgment of the awidyst. the great lemotns from thip last ym-. a! ffightin;texperiezee have been in. the mtiral ratheir than rrmatrila Nphere.

It i~t perfiectly trut that. "wetpons whe'n cortredy uivid wili invariably vin ctki~iveFm~tidix." bUi ia eav it At 011t BU"t* 410IY half the !oirmi0R. Correct weapons up-AV isnost finatlly the product -of th!'m W'rftfing of otnxvie a~nd of tartic-al techailque but ofimbuing men writh a spirit whichvwill make~ them with to ninvt and fight topgether Lq abody, So louir ap tthbit r-pu-t. ig prrm-, th(-y Wnili do their work wbitl r'romfbowp and hill-hooks. As more complex machineyi sand rriethrodit are added. ih.ey will learn to impat~eruhthm !n the *ntre.tc, " cf the comrnms rpurpse-.

The key to the roeeory of the EIghth Army wax the revival of the Pprirt'of thesnod rorrqw-y - on. intcnae p'ride in UnitL, the fetling of Able tlhxt It was betktr thanBakfor uzsd could prove it when the chilpa werr down. flood wes.t~t umugr trnd thetighitenbur r~ tactical arrangerafrta 1*cnnip tlov linvitsalr b-y-produeta of t~hir. revival.They did n~ot make it; cause Phoild-ndt, te mistaken for tfffft.

In 0he course of the work, it was riotewnrfhy ot all fimeoi that the u ite whichsjlitik with the Arra'tt'Pi tialhijumiam o~b'ut. wf~i vwhy reprencoted M it eomp?3i) 1 azidhow thry MAt'd therrntMver wllh par);Ve to their friendly e4ally*thl~oI, ' tVeC kWD t6.twa~t riompoued ini batttlo, the most efficient operaitors, the ones with the lowest, rate ofover-all writntOiB difficulty.

On the other 1hotnd; they evinmd no strong vo.-tviton about athe"exuate'for whichithey (ought, or at Nuat did not soitwi of about It. 'Ihav. Lhe tA~ritipr (if thli group miInfldb'tterr Il'an average, that its member.m pnhwt3amd, a greratr military keriumea Paid weremore erger to discuss protcasicntl 'ina--teui, oppeared only PAa S itleetion of one prime.osidit~on - that the rompimy had becomne accustomed to thinkutg ut it~mif an a inicoess

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Pri~do U% eonip.ny and pridii in r,212rMnen wart fro'"r to th", ',Om- in the MArf=aKidier in Iniors~ thiz during vither Wo~rld t2k 1ý rI-hf wAm reativtly Irow Invryt IAloyalty to the division. That. is perhape-conaument; with the ounditlfxrba uf the vaanthe ciecurnstanmwa of ttia rroovory. 13a Iit 6 none th 11ms de.Žrying (! thoughatf ui splyi41i

Krnne trin(,vwr,+nn~t-Pt nr muvgevt+t( in Lý,r ~orrt and t~ -vii of-inr'Wi~omphaels In~ ww'cr'd irecunx~ 1=.& Lieen I'inicPf'c It is felt., howeve~r. 0hs&; reh c( ~f la.ae

twi iA ~iul4 be~ atudied in~ ooritexi. ad evalu.-tehd according tn the. nirrit of the dataand of the argutnent. N"o final renrta~. re .1ncl1udt Iin this ,ip-ort, nor W?t~ha- thought to be necet.'.ry, but sorme gim pwoiin odciamive cwUL "s.They an thaw:

* 719 Anwark~ !nfa~ntry within the rs1Ith Army in Horeft In a battlk-woi'thYfoot formas ofjiciont. in the amployment of itr -. zns du!'i. . "- wiad as dialplinedin the law of enemy fire as any we have yet pro~duced.

* 8upply-wimr, it. ins till a wasteful fot- L*cawe dof in inadequAte Pupply doctrineimd diupIipne wit~hfn it@ leadrerhip.

* Its firc production; partitenrlJfiy qe of .adem" -'entlher, e~tmianueito suffer feom a lack nf aftantarrilsoo-in! -1n wmatiti n~f wem-n ,-w--nri'

*It in making an intelligent use of au-,omrting anns; the record, despite Cown-sional in perfee tona, is one of Mtoidy improvenuwrift and imingiiuidivi improviitti--..

* The Horvaan fight. ipt an irtfantrynian':* wur, and in the !omre.r t:nr: diaxpita#dal reports to the contratry, the infwntry wuiepocs ire daing inno' of the execution.

* Our infantry fire I ra~t~ions are highl~r satisfactory. In the infrmtry law eane ge~ttingr o remnrkabl'y high avernge of indiv~zuul phrticipatifoi with wraponsf.

4; Kith insignifileant exceptiona, the infar~try famnily of wetilmnw MIA the. needavtvveiy and pvinv.Itm balrilice apopll c, the I'oreimn terrain fand ReA flexibilityindicates it will adjust with adequate power to Cghting requirements in any lc_- toraldz.bie term' n..

0 The infantry *oldier In stIll a heavily b-,rdem-d moan "rd must e.o reman lr'intothe indiefin'lu., futurp. Trhe burden ip in~cepotble. but it can be 1ightened in any uitua!Uonby reecourse to temporary expedients ane tivcbugb greuater flexibility In command.methods.

0 rThe phyiaical powers of oel' avierage i.-Isntry sodlder are- ittill not erjual to thedemond which command tends to In.-Pon upon 0etm. At. alllevebA of command, fromthr linaifiim-inu pwardx* ther' imit tenderi'y to o"urrltae how far troops -An matrch in~ theapproxcli L4) cvnibmt~ and stili .irem~in taeticall- ~r-4naileduring engtuivige nt. Moreover,thetre 1; little dixposition in high"r oommbndis to a 1-6tt:x chock aittcr combat todetvrentir at whott ;Ifint, the aonpt of physical eximustioii oMe'4rred.

* The chief physical weakness of Affrw*ei~e~ infantry is in the lops, due In Pto undorrenph"aIn on the intportance of tho rozd ,"reh in the training Sichedule.

* With this exception, the infar~try in Xams, can undergo Rreatrr rig"? and.pivtlon, wi*hout dsmaWe to moral@ or serious esurt. to filthting power, than we ha%**bemn led to %spect. Dusing combat, units am=~ become socustarnatd either to 40114

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,~~ I ~4 I~owe w'.thout food or r~tti:Iviga &veilpl of eltin meal pe day (t'rquentlya qld) urlatF -~ p pI~dca; Itl1 enpenh4'f. Th'r will eruturr, IrIpna' roild w-:h 2ittli Onrr44iai1t, Are- Trill

fistle fvunathile %vidtr subirmexing qtzditlozxa ?Atlwr 11an lip~tiu LItheir t-KhUns Jc~w4 W beouir* of proN'irwon a 5(111 thp eletrirn'ta. 1'h. allev~ation nf thife~ e-straotia~anr~uip^

C t~~ii~i ~ ~:~nZsu*riShd trnd Clat fit It):1"yLha' a;) wr n

(ornmri~v onimpraiderp c~o not cirn~k *iuAmnatio uChek of tibeir al-.SnnI ~faiulue.. I1tudwr eotrran.ands ravviv re~ntsIp- ths- -11 !'hm Lnd tin ni-t t~lop I r~'n

inirvmt in tile aut'jrtw 't. emait-n*crrvn, prtrtur11 ual tfurmati~nn ment f~ramud (- thissubject I* hl';,:apirtc, C-olort'd ivY oplildita, akn; utirwvimdui~e

OfO AmQtoh ow w Im t w1t qi5ai m -fficrbi nt ynW

m *d- Am-1 Ilt, have ha Aufi.wilt, elqixfairatio for Vlipt-tt-1f uifoa 'C~i~t uidl afc gitninatte

~IiJ~ ~S~~tiiW r4*41%lrd atacurd'1uK to diata. It to a Noorrc. (if Wt.1-kzu'.Ws t)'u't klit tahtfi&ald Akill~ielhitI OcJ1~i~lzufdero )wiviiithe to intervene lseIpf uly lot- fcar it wuult Im 011to ~ensmed

0 Fst ni prgr=.-ccverli g ihe iiloctrinatiol, of vojrrbst tropa bu~v' btevprvdwholly iae uzate nr the tept-ivg voondit' its of the field.

MOACIUROUND OF 142 -U D

7thim repo~rt ona intaunt ry and u'upport ing vv..spo)Pi, inclu'Iit'g ipe re Orianie.t on tho

(,peratinuui (if the Eighath Armiy and X Corpe. Its jinrvi, during~ the pericA I Novembpr1950 Wo I March IOfid.

1.2 ~ Tks' ait 11mn triken un'ker aludy wpm r.te in mi 0*1 thn- incideist. 0" the Nurtn-berbattle with. ('CF (Chinrw lCOrrantirsipt I'orc.') odi l~it-~th (1-o-gigeha Itiver and otrotnd

tht (hwis.a 11AM :'oir arid thr Yciiru.&r) r'ft'nsivu fly which Ila- I1sizt't Army rwiurm-dVP ~ ~tio 01" lifi of thn Han Ri1ver. Hiei Purveyv did nt it uwludrA itres ce In~ pitWrof theuw ofwrrottiona; thsis wax not pesutidla within the~ limiI' of tilt;- Ful'd 1VcMn1Wt avail.Dilhle for the wor'k. It did. hovmwrr, cover in rols1her 4`0111;uj14-ill-Lai daLt le. preptinderiant

!~part of the Unirted S11,1114-11 turee directly cispored b~y tile N,.itgntr battle &Wi theI pivotal Ac'tions of tit(, Jeb'niary tItTenitve, Am tts. niU.lthl (if lh'.i:sater and Januaay

L * ~~were dov'oted lay thit Eightha Army mainly lo :iuste5.ikt aaa rpformwans, with no

F ~~~~ d.eaeasve excwito+1UI of firt, 1xttpeia Or Oppoilj~r aidi', tOfc findings, 'ert therrefnr oomudcwdfairly n'prt'm-nistive of winter1 nJ'f'Ttiofm as it whole.

I ~~ Iroin tist Nuivrriilxwr lnittle, the rqw'rationcs tif '2pd( bitsrfidy Ihri.siin, ADS Met**Dfivision, sisal 2',Ili Infanatry 1)iviniola were etpvrrrcd In full; ttw 51' ;A aluo Monte detail onioljerAtwiar ii 71.1 laifnntry Div~aisuon. Throwm. four ioupfýa-" 1i.ll theniial. Wca11161 (if the erimay

ti'k.InI Lii' Felyruttry fightingj, 261Il1 iaaf.':'ry Vi JiptiA$I WaxE 11thu fi.al pjitit of study;V ~thete Waaalno opportunity to eigwan-chwk clertaiu attit -awith ouimmandcru in &4l InfanutryV ~~~Divinion and lat, Cavmijm Dilvidin, though nso remNalM) .t e w;c= math. Wiltilba tiu3

ova bawamil

The findinvi are bweAd upner the evaluatlem ef apprwrimately 5C se,&M;& &etloeM

in which eit~her I~r.fantryr opanics or ortilkvy batericz werm 0"414-u undrr eomdl1tloveof ex-mptional Wsmr~ but in &ti~o!&. them wit" close xt%;dy of wvrral acc.on. in whlehf!voesa of larver-than..opinviy sise becam~e amnbusi!cd while travtriix w~t Lrosid -,AunauT'jrt eu~.~rsWhere it woke n'i lnnr.ýr to~f4 fo)!rm imitt ai un.to' ik-ýd &;'k'v themz

argaziiyJ1 agezna't the enemty. IPu~jay4of t!. njAjur lIVMMU.'L% I rrnn Out tCpcr-rc.-n_ in ItoreSam to be drnwn from incidents of Wiscaaoarwls.

TI'D# zitrotod of psw-u-ing And co-relating Lhe d~sta In Koi'ear: opceatkina wvas~eodin to he OP d~'helw in tlie hook, k!1cled Virtory." wit-J inldes texW

Win4Riranrd~ii w-, *ttwmi sla ti* guidbitce of W'4.zd WiLr 11 v.Jflhat hlritoriana.A %runpany or battery hax txvn tihrough a pivotal, erniLvuI. o:- 1zatruciheve cipeui.

ence In battle. As pronmpmy &6 the tntcrviewer can get to the wtih, It ij' formed with AlPurvivors pre--ait, intN!-"'- Ito o1.t!*.%r, stnd nmfoemhl~ly, via~ 1vW -IrtMuIdr At tk nextlevel up.

Under aueatIorizXl by the interviewer, with all vemberu of the aamerbly appearingas wit~nouee~ --nd their p~arttwipation beir~g stoered only to the extert whitta will enablethe statements to be eornpos*'d in cltrono!ogica1 order, th actionI, itthen reconstrucedfrom begýnning to end. The interrogation covers the pre-ombt perimad wan to-izaJudg.smeh pertinpent detal mas exinaent, individual load, un~it ammunition treerve., mlalons,state of fatiguie after approach mArclh, defensive installations, trystarn of ajert, eta. Italso extends into the p"t-combat phase so that the muimairy will include condition atresawsmbly, evacuation of casumlties, ammunitiou and vweapon. shortages, etc.

Stich record' am are available in the field are' stndied aina the %-,pot, and all pertinent

I.-J'OP.Mn211G r. 16 .lLU4* e F &fzor *w-, Or ..QOvwxn, the inaterviewingof the mniiill unitm, the staff a'id eommitnd at all higher levels, up to and including Divi.sion, are interrognted so that the report will be furnised with thuat vi-w of operationawhich obtains within the control echelunii.

All of the unit setionit from which this analysis was extracted have by now br-emwritten in narrative tormw. The narrativiza deszcribe exactly what happened to the uit,smaounting for it. experience right down to the squad and indivYidual levL

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2 -~ ~CHIAPTER I

r ~r

1k.7:1~

11-LL-11ALANC9D FAMILY

It. niny be tittid Its g~riaeraI, eaiju with one markod exreption, that the InfantryfnnM~iy of wea~pon's -1 Well had;sired, rnd, p-nrvimiy cm-7, f.th o type o" wartare inl

terust('R are suc & to intdcaite tlatt its efiieienry would 1w even morv znijked in a leanV j daificail terrsiixi znt agptinsL itn. re wuiidI oi)Igor.wj4, l'bix is not A conelclt~ijoi drmaw

exrlupivcdy fromn C4)1( dant or'bnikf'd up"l uir'l the uiufnersiw. avaiinbk, examnples,ol howv themp Wra-O1ilN Wvi-~ unwed in coamfto uzadt-r pni-tsurv- conditionsa. 1it ii dhe

conornaus iqf those %Mn sit Koren are eptl'woying th~e u'aponii, includinug the com'mandqeras vwi as the razr.Ls.

Tblix jirAetiee wax fnllowc'd during the oepratiorm anal Vpim- After& a riven cornpanyor eogrirwiuid hail lx~in intilrviewsed ecina'enting rz Ptiotwjhe artian, Anud iRa detail had hoeas

were sLPl Wei'oznnie4niI,dhelp oi- Mint~ '.'etgtrip weujwm r for eustp*C ibsiou.A tifrayrao

I- ii-rvw si~j~eti' nusibelr. 'fha nien %,ri' hiphlly itelf-critictl of theitr !l4iluw tot takovertaiit wt-olmflm h~4ing ji it, iiitjam,,uAr W!W.a' (111M?.4601 W'ene .lnAbOd )usva told them theWPP-1 W01iih4 1,t uiiertl. list[ their aeneral naitebon toa the wesytifla family waxa 10mnautanivetrowiJy to the4 r~p"'m tlhro wlntl luCy have ir. good l nti IIW 4fCofi.AI t*, the tactical need.Tho iiphu'neIe it~ti 'Ahirl. '),r & c.1)TP-hd thip view wmm the mor~e gutoriat)Uil locAUus,in the Kru.,ttcr nunileer (if the newiuneu, the'y had un'1.-rgone local defeat.

The tine enceptioa *as '.he vArbineu. One wcn;panyiun the 38th Infantry Re5151flt

$%Mal badugm"W

expreowd It. matinfactlcon with thint winktir.; but It wman inne n the D-Ath Army. In allother units, badt rx rienve ill lsa,ýIcO aud inado Itioop; ihy of thiin wen;on. oo thltn themnip thoes who eountirtued to rarry it i,,f the~' own -'boie worwre~~. the laisy. tha newarrivalis, the few who had £"prta cenrlsiai.4 thol had worked pe'ivc'tly fall f orI" "ivilldfl 'A hl-k i jijA~lu- di f~icter t he il to' C-; I II Ix' M I I. 11l Of hov

one ~tifler.r-ittn r-tiiq~ui-, ro.m'Iii utirLiomuilg of tek onrlkzwt wai prominent in thedrtail of' wcajai.rie p.rfominisruice during~ emigr.enent.

Dt. i16 imlp xildlv (t) giv'e, ezart 1N~gv wenuut of the eernfw,14ded rnaturi of thefi'.11a:Wng rnrlru W1111ld rurwrt havirwu two. der fil,-". neir-". N!j ., withi -e- _ ______

Ot himr could rm.oeniztitr pirktzrg 1.111 a wi:J1#1 if) In a wuomitem.L (if vnivirge:ay, ortly to havci Itniinfire, but couldt not oy for mrit hlit witsA vAtbia.

flowver Il #4401Critique. n car binirm. fallurrit wom1 reptwriod 11neidental to th.*.of Cn, *wiý que.n.ia4'stis"Pw Many of

YOU %110 havet YFAeCz raur~iri..wt. a nuy tinse. ill Rorait haave rpuir;.nzedit m infir~e JurinitI - orute purl, or tite tigio-ine- T le'iwotnt abcwimig iiian Aflip(Of-mty wah .30 preent. lIn

etie t(' p:!:m~~of the 27th sAnd 3,1111 h uplteg-MAa -- two fextviti,el3' *11.ciae! m l u iAd ttl.t.wine org~imixitions -- tile figare,. romp to NO unzd Kr) p'reovlit..

'Ihim PAtiunf ahould 1w~ wei.vhod aagkinjil. th.o lf~trn if frvsnVuat' tnv

with their other fightiung toodn. E'ven if tho ixrwr'atngem arr ehgpe~rptrd - aind that2 ~~pomtihilif V is I. !naif ted - the favi, thn t they feel thaut way about it iniplies Chat f-hey

Ilaav. lost Cont'w-mm'c in thle we'mpon. l'vading all ob~vious correcilon, that of itself makesthe wrapon a lhA-ility it. ve~rrmn of both rnor~oe and taro power,

Wtong M9N MAu

5 'eigal (if the evidemioc indiricaite aradical inr-r.mo .e rtxent.age-wifie of individualparticipaatioa. in V1.- fire fighit during hoican ,'teri-t auna wit conilmipn~d with 'Wnrldl W4ar 11oix-rudtonx. The Irusetioiin vary fron, uiituniui'm P)asiuaation, lurgrly iwcurtliqg to tbeground.

For example. in ar, 016t4 MIolig the ridgelinte dutioiu firh dtlylight.. hourp, It In4frequently tile cAMc tht.k i a kimvizii1. line frumt proreed miinglr file, or with only two or thiree

;r'qi bring &a. is point and '.b off hor strutig Ou~t [whiauI t 'irn, ou-b iNa t~ha ngarrwnen ofthan milt andI~ the p '~:~'of the~ nopcnt-. lienoc nia'iy ini the 0omipary %mnotfb inpoxition to1 deliver &-fleetivir fire.Ii but (therm' is no do-di thitt whena the FNror-i Puuj aiiiuatifir. piertnit it, thei rniesum~of willing psarticipaation is morur than douldle World Wit 11 av~rmyex. In1 "iq4Ueme

qJiire. 'I'lic chronic nonalarer im fil rxe,-ptiova under lbe ou -)fz.ia. the. hori'an fighting,S~ome part c4 f 1he ezjulitilintion i to lie fouzad in Liar virriam t-auecn, under which

ongagenae'nt iihundly taken phitm-, anmd iii what trofipsf kill,% about ut.. prior operations inwlu..o it w"n nimilericlar that artive fin- wtin the isittn ko*.' lto [*-tidfll our-vI~al. Its everysitaid by .vAmeriran inifianr. hi Kor'ma, thip jefleit'ality of tv~~a~itai fmelacfn~ath"4041111 in a ronntast t~irrat. 'I hewi I hings. of' th-Piu~m-lven ;mnoot011 a Rtrunp~r firV (ji~sijrpline.

flu. not all of flit! Ifieresnwd inrrawtua heeaweom. from firnt-lutpe battle vxaperwno@;I . mm..m of It clearly appeare to be arefkvctrim of intimaae'd trainins emphapir on the Main

point. Pote .npit,. ft wmi o~und that wOret, -"A6%,Mit eoeeption, both In the~ Martimear~e. In Ote. Anny, rr;,ecn.sn uicdte were aimultrh NriCwiwltuo ti the' ffne'tfr and1 Knztcus taknow how the:* stai1Acd up against the avorage, szin -vhvther their tim delivery bahd any

kf~ ~~~w CR i~~.'' f.P 4'ilk~ ~Ic Vrl:l Ww 1.'iI jtii~ett lI'fder Own t-eT t7re I 4L4i~$r it moro,ii l,,q iflir gr..nAJ Wialt, witimF Otitic( eZ~.iguhnid thi'~ ijipil JQI f Coca t.i iit 110 (~tud hi by'if~nipulatt.

Ilie lonn'a, wI1.111u the butter ouin-vaimrd, jiuw'vr off"ors and NCO,. hm~,'e tried outtile' pr~.ctim.o! Tr~w i- e:;.bt~ut kitnatizei thc.r ~nic uIx-i ww i~raw Lru~, &;,u' itf-&'7 bv &-hj~dljWul, kalit-i,. hugie n-ak W) ~jl44P UN-S (if lhi, Wt) T& hin~ Uii Cinmtaat ftoIC tile practI0mW114r1by (till jU.-tiuT Ivisdi-r i.,uried~lidutl~y rx1gartot'e withi lin own wtruc;;i'1 in thr h(lo;e thatotivri, Proindl him~ *-"I fl VIim him cX4r:1140 d" .by ( tis' twiriellis (io 4ow ~ohvmpvj'jja tr.:;tirr the' (iirucr iuiithini, tlaere rr g ('hi dola CPJia t.pitt In 1.4 best Woky tobouild ftr pn vL~utiUUe atlitC ov'iyert the( f)!iumoive aidividuid hitte an aetive firer.

* ~ ~ el-FiaJlm at, even inort 4let'ialvt inftriuer in th a buildup tit that Mn Xeoxe theaingibutZ .4riiij low.e flf.ghrilil On vsi'ri. hulviii il Atazck aR.'r (in d11Iezlne, thtere in incewuaeant

fllie h.W~flA t~enn gil',ad thelshoutilg of n0i'At~iut'iul.(mnputy actionpar~a~et ofth nnur ofa ~n~ ~~rme.Arv~ai:. it is wobe cunihuutized that boy thi ttedt.

znony v( all roameeud thin '1ta~king it-lip"js' rxduce, gre~tttr unity (if vaction an,' momegerutisi parirTiirfticifl will, weptiipc'. Tbix bpi, emneI out of ideace which "ere iiaootulled

in raitig: utgrete empsoiao the r~ic points duringtrainig is sotil doeirable.

effrtsnn tatiralarrunrgenteIntm withits the Eili:1htt Army, one jcartirad!n point con.corraing MY1 clitiiraccerist icnv in tile attiack- and con di'firro recluireclarirfication.

It The word "maiaw.," bittA it..ii wood quiulm looeeelv in df-scripticinr ti eznerr operration.circultated in this rnwntry. Prenn a~eounfta have cidezi tile iimmio~nf Lhat tth. Chiimeattack in grrmal Nomebe "Iow'l -oEfft~~d 'rwoiripI dt-uiren te haIfve Ishoro usitdthco t4'rin rather itidiuarlinaWni' ty. thus furtheris'q thee Iloebvf that. brond t~argets are tin-qutil I orw ý fwrsd tip all wvnapeee. Thiwenhmt !ta % : 'inae !arptx of this rarad4er. For

e'Xft~P'jr, n _till A= ai. 11iteNll. 23u1d Inifithty Chipyorwrit In EtIIruIJ..Acrunry. (C1 preeuvd forward i fa~irly siolid raz~ku. it ecre rtdotin inc lisrim ,umloitrs

wihs mmmi arvas,A But i1114'1M coneen~trviosti(w are the ezeqrptin Ttv- Chlaine. do not characteristi.

01.lly 1emn1111fo scea.'c, for ezeunpir, i~a the *o, flint tile IL-tu Armny iam-ed U~ higcninM a (lisp.A rAimn inl f)-mi*V'tins In flte tTihrmne during 'World Wiar 11. com1iB5s (ini Ili surli nunibetrs that

th ?)gznilkn sep, abiolrncd land Olit infely anil~tiormi tile fire vislirne. Umbehr, in thoattark, C('F Ited iu, move Pruiticnt (our wgurkpl in multiple, thin linvs, well spaced eachfion tile otiorr, xf,.ar htivciii 4ridles'i 4110 tot Ceoiulrul in ther Ifti 111luuw of the approacbh.

Theeappoftli '!un tiay * ~~A lcor e'ven a rpgimntrif. mn~ in-a f.,ur abreaxt, depend-inig oil tho! ai aiknmid theIxmt flt; itck herle..

"I'lall nxum f to goun al) m twl~dbthefire plrbk'mn, Wshec it indusmc gater4 ~ ~d~pe%waioc. The ridg.at. not rvenly botunned or sided. There sore buluit aj~h,

'4k)C~i

Woo 1- ge

out oratuj~t irsw.4 aW, and atnall ratvines. In oonsequenee, evez' when the StlArkln4CUMiadvatiee.- quitt nilftrnily, r.,. defending ", -prn is hke~y to hsve a clear heold cSftire sgianxt

any uijpiilicaut ntumber of the ezw'~,y. When brought in check by th'e conterft-re of

varioup wm~popit, the enremny gr~it lly fr-mrrd ag~irwt he "sitioi%, but stillEk.'e.A xi:rt trCsd vA: id h1UV'

(ra detrn#P,, C('i rnie effirie.-at emp:loymetnt oi grcetird 'cnt', Itrddw uW oif -lon

intranchmenutr anid tight formrntionp, and in Ireneral an disipope themmelves that our fire,.an 8XY Y1C ?rly hfLv' it alvi' ki~luiii npportwi'Lty. The clsif eflei' Are tPreo

"'12% the de-ovshry of L icisivnofir

inth avthsinry~ ofl&tuatlon oufiatym.pn r eyn ob aYn tae

lethal e~Tvct, ins rutio, apninrit the rerney than duraiig either world wxr. 'iiThre. hisx beenreo-,,, circulkted, in the ZI to the effect that our artillery be prod~ucing the preornderane-r

of enemyi examitltire. ixnd thnt it im. the "m~-~- im" by PCC rtmnngnour 7 rinird.

fighting effec~ia. Despite theshe relportm, und despite the phyricAl evidence in Cortidnpositionis won from CCF and meen.i by the writer where it was nianifest thatt our artillery

had done! the grvater part (if the killing job, it can he mid that in the nnture of oper-ationstiD Korea, the irifaidtry weaponr on our side, including mortars, grenad,-s, and recoilleMa

rifles, muist be_ inflicting in -exere of 650 rw-reent rN the envwv l~wit. 114, may be aunique condition in twentieth--ventury wasiare. litt the circrunrstwire nei-di to beund~rmtoe'd if then, in to be a Pound evaluiation of tht, resultr p5"'i"'%w' 'fYY thC infantry

wrapons cyptern in Karen.A V( ry high perientitage of the critical cngagtmrentsa oceurtt tinder guuc; m~ndit ion,

that our art~ilry car, doi hit tle diwet hurt to thr forcew directlyvrrwsirig our del'ruiding

Infantry li4w: exeept to inte~rdiect sompi pert of itA po.,ibi-s nur:rxrt and Imrtinlly clime

some of Itsf ossibh, avenlues of mit-,tet. T1he.1w(-trg-dtnwiv of a r tnyr~v'd ene.'aay

mun tie done mainly by wenpmitn within the~ infrintry bniiAtLun. 1tr~g-iistn f4 01P

enemy, as hecirnee fnrwnrdl, is roi-t lik-r~ to~oermratl wme diritanct. 6lw%,vct Fi ndf I,50

yarditfromn the mittifttrzMiA N1,4)1 fiw J tj rtr p:r pctve~tal ~ ~rm~j r~

knl4,ve;;tioY'i. I 'mi rt. v( i him im swin,:t Mit diw !(ls~ wqiifflicnrt pJ',:4i ?Ix and nutpoptitir,

t~hough thew, fa1ult), rir no h'hj.gui virtinir. It 'l 1, i rytinniaiu ,iij h r uLj tjjhj'e,: amtiddeveleping from th- romnyrv,~ owt c'l 'cu1d whirli wwm weji- csieumir i~dn a ePsghiyirrrguiar and voirtti~4~ ti-vaide take atvanitiur ~ a~~&yr~ps~ttern of (ipIw7it~tionx.

Ine Shori, We' do ot ht1u'e the 1v'.rriIx.r- of p-opll. tirid thots- w,!- %*v nti-any such unlieniti- ru"ur't'im :4 phi:r. vatrgy ar. t., do All Qhe nuqxit-ueLng, pithirliaR.and building of iffaic wrks whirt would he n'wcumary to n.:!z: 4-!-- 'i-xtAh-ArMy line

rilulvely a sutrimrn'-priq)f f.;nt. Ourit 1jafiry accrv(s (thi asu~& it is ianwd isMcJ.;.ý~IyU wnMdiiud to u~~i aCC (XPa tw c ra ,ae ri~h LittLe ze47*016e %f dreaigwi

4BEST AVAILABLE COPY 9%xTW es

'%%Orr in the early operratonv against NK opxwaitkirn, Iocal"Purprim. was a ebid~ ~losJ d ern orahntioz~n, wie. tho fr~coat1or..IiF rtf the (ltf'KEwe whA !?x the rona*-

4r"'rwe 0! diirlct. WrIapons 0W.fil~ thanr of the oflri' of l J5lic fmra., it in fnow anSitMcptAPc00ibi-Ky evsn wb~i; All praxttierl awnurr's rare used w, iuard ag~ainst it.

J'h iduztv ic1~' f~~l9.d() F40 V~. d'iir& in Wr'lu iA'ri 11 Plp ifilc irl;.niopem'"L9iun or vi Woraci W&ý I tre,%ti ffiSlitivg -kcrk 1ýwl "in ý-lr~ Zbaiuah ire L) ktitth)ea xlisoot toward atny untoward nnix- alon~g it-- front. The el-m-n"T in t", great thit tb*ilin~ridor may be irivndlv- elt-th-r %ýuitls Xoe;v .- vting tbrough the eonutry, 0:

MnTpyrt of ihe currntnind duris~g r-.r,erncnt, The miLU'ZdBOO Puid diat:;ip'ri tu-mrsJ~yrqj aire t he wh1,U:i's # -A~ij ~fitrr until eertiiin that the trrget In encrny.

)A4vlpecfL for thin p~neisple is Alnint uniformly execlicflL anong troops, and thofire di1xeipilize or the Ei~ih Arniv isi nowherr bette-r examptdri Mt~n by 0w, retairin'ma cfits !croe Wo mppond txo the eontrok whkh are' so very nrremayv when the friendly furtesor eithewr flank mny be, non-I ngli-hepeu~king allies. Eiven ritterrepesited bad experienefa'd1We theLw!~ in~hue rnt. conwfl1iv3. in the uituittion, troo-p!!'±' hntiU not given to excisiv'epanic firingK but mrtrnin under g(-td coittrvl uni~I the situistkin if- developed.

lHfI.'vrr. th'e F-tft 6t-in i t! erm!?t'A! aitj.i'--- ~'Of oniktl* Uim-e Piumpirlofl the~t the enemy may be L, th'- vicinity. The Infantry force mustdepend in, the manis on the w~cl4uffieirieny of its own wenipons, and in the nature of thecaslý. tMfa'lry/ fre becrjsnes the Miff~ p'e#Prvtitv of 1Peforce as a wh(t even~ when, during

I.~~f~Ift#;tNs if1~U v r(C ~s, ~ j .. ,,Awth !t NAN'Tt'liaie'I

of iarvý-ts. In Joren, ifo it. werr zi'm for the' Ferw4rM ftl etiverwart of infantry weaponms 'a-de~ere, the art ilirry could not survive. 7j'jl x tilie in Rome nwaMure of combitied

ott7fi4:fnx in ttn war. Ilut iis Ko- irdanity- *cu.poWN t"C & larger pt lia the killingand situi.iniz~ of the onpnnrwnt.

N.;I ('111610 h~n" !iuhP xoit*r more xrvad!I- Amepriesn infantry tLan those in Kom:a41!*~~t' tvrvaei 1-yt ('l(.,sI Aigrv'ci t o-It ini the' tritre recent ustegr'iof eope'vatkin themeh..- ~n1:!:!t. l.nr','n by exmrv o£ir. a _ho'xa !w:~ni7 by nrtillrry, and sncarcely

iu;! loy %nnr'r. I A~it nibwscri.i tsj hrn~vy r Ponar'ouitlr', eIt I.atonazydirnezitnxtiI- ... to r) i.t d~ "t %tApI4.n~iij; i; Ie'ii..hi L -x A#!. tjier, mi'wf- the fac't rimain.. that

i n ~he W!)rst i e: ittina"Cee M If t Ie- It 1u*1ia 1, rp rim uit ttarkIt our I,; !o4n try !ini" usually don' not1wt carrisive'h~ f-icm iic.r~~a.~~l-v azj.l &rlrLT 1r inii.ust go it pretty piteb")t*-, :111d tMWs. tw lirwiji:tre swo to do.

P.14,; -11-11tit.? 44 thaut ttir F~irhth iArr~y' i: fnltryr has pair-d a -_Oftj NOWN1.pny 'it-riv*d !rq~m ooviit~r !n ; (.wi v~rt~jprw, wh'.h riav~shide I,.' indmviduaia to

SIft relti avt4 (1i iii'p' -t. s1n 1- rm - t!'-t ,s~-nl Iiti: .timw "iy he ol eb, i alli-oiw~vdly 0"Tt~pcrr.r !. "":-tI lwerik ie Iuixt of theP t.fauatry mom

taparly than any rnumber ef iunrientA rela ting tit he' wus.

The avaze z~ectisve Infantry ttte withi weqtonx lighter thn !he wrnsrhln F"wmeconiwsatently less Lh.an 2Wm yards. in noinatarc,*.siteveo~iahr-d,In tbcopeitkioi

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

brriucla. tiao;1e survey. that An-a 4~ID rng:nt movwe by wwrory f~rame had bun rttiqpd anW1.4 ~ ~ ~ M~ I .%r.radco~rie vitiou., its r,;.~w;mo that firift.

d.. Tha ive'rfrevi, linIts QLiw agpnihoinatir. tf Ie.valisAtioll. It raMlY kappank in theiomnoin firloiting or Plomwbhet that a I..tenid sjwuation of late cinodet v~eia" which tutu

e. flp etvti vrm!b A fI~! .II# 111 W kit; :-V IL4 IL jt1i';piI:ij r.ili Ihillitg * , i 11 I .' the IUV Titlrr4* z~gliaw"uit, I ho nlnutiLty CVIL~.If~II&-s6kr" vl o~l(01jiiIig gtouillu of rifiiig'1n4I is prof ty luach

soIIiumdu to strong patrol actiifloo. luir !~rwhouirt- trtwt*n Pitail Xroupe within A lI"Ptsiepor Insl-itch 1 1,46' Lob~i t-y Votplig VVIAVI. bRt%gl rtilptiEod lilt- ammunitkion fwum

muigPI AhkEVnIA 1VII,vnvitpli C195-. tO WIUitl 111-0m. rhaum W& yt-ttdu before 1-111 ClimFax is remohit, which tho 1xig.ealiiiz i4 bl'ie or io'ut a.r'ooidingc to rifle e~floocti'enhau

M~uiring tUim winict hghtirSý, in ýYa;h Army anid Maritne %opcttlotiti, there vei"Alii~fuld aciuivuidi. of thiii ace tyo., (On Ila- M~amie okic thrise werewmnrit~ine

411160ilit O U' 01 tyr (or tilt% V"- IMltijl List Anny difiMZUIIiiii, thbetv £24' ouwrnouseiarnphs oif Ach'ip;ezy ligtt,1e in wtL,cl, ull nt thio heaier~i womptine rags dry, leaving uraly theMillu, )lit in, mu-mogrittn,1rg tiii wijfli*';^a - ; L4Pthew vftarifitio clu'utstergo, Inl no0 4'oJdm md

*it bs efttiduliforhed thnt a drsive too fon,r title anie t~rbineI wilt di-livied itt a rtKIow in~'wu .24)f1 ysir4..e h1M, 111' I'4 O liV n Vfit- tit rxm1,init1 to ' be ok'4 4,iwi-t.y ljoi~trol

w~je' Irolquorstly engu.wd at shr~.1-.y Ixwyurid 200 yardis ratigt; the (rort fire nridpdla knuelt-A ~~~~down one or Iwo of their anteUIdr;Li. - othuir. 14cm ine..uiiwrnd a%.'ir ~eg

IV ~~eremy patrvil ci larger NOtY ill Wilikiisi ijagafit euirneijed~d'at under touch wiu~iticinsMostd tilt 144f-1d.s14,1 (911their Ad-vantau.r. ttiry rurunnistrily 1,144 fire' until it Ill w~thin 1110ZjioyArt esudi. Wheni the art,'n:. ill more prwnc.;ptute, slid thi'Y Olswi. lt .i--.f 11,31141

4f with riffes ionly, the roAulta ame nitt killing, Tihe ANftriIIsI wb" Were UnkfrI F.1u*p Aý 1(h'to4ithrough the roltly doyi. (if Lrecitmier toilui of tfhguir reflrt gAo pir). cofT 0 C' ,fr' or!. 'I

4 in bnroach divylight would atroill to -withonu MN1 MA yours cof the tinrned -,tn:, ot walk In theopen to # strcun lad to draw wstre. They foundtici th argets far more elinive than theyb"d exrr-ted.

Ill-, rqiiation alters rade~'lty o mn iwo amutomitli file. *!*.her I rm the BIAR orti.. IM(, in. added WA the rifle vodinne, The killing-rtu'pillf iwurw then lengthens any-

pordat oitt-o1iu* Mbug ll~p ~i~~4a 11401t11MPUM o onexi~t,t- flklr thjfiUSS (too Phinaolin VCImk60

tentjueredl atta Xi ri~~'neu~'onctnniif~~ggtewr ibris INperhapsfW114) 6flhIl'~AIde' thos. IiL agids. bod.y 'Au the rifle vohutiv oie a* aly Monsg,

Wha, bi laid Iarei isn meeatood roefte ill no (Lfgn.e whhlever gin the mocutray of Wh

otindoirn rifle; the men01 who twI it in fixutl ovi'mr toy Ii. Jimibut ofirtE7 frequently maid

Shostr wthe r'jlc fift It d bke'vto ply ii *cokan e~ot 2U) iytnIN 'fbi.- M.tit-in os o the taaw*4rxmd heherthh wn n eonhinitnn if, h~ver irol ni olorW01postho.r3

Poo ..s~ ~ im±4~-

F ~~ rti`*i! It! ! wA" th3n 2tKn yatrdp. Hut #An arm, whic~h wasn lnt Ivotmnntbl*a~'ia~ trneiiil Ita~ 0tat fo 04 wrould ishiit tooi Iaitre a piror cr ,i jiUrdif-ij toj the lit-Aviq'r wespwiu

of t.11' Infantry dtira.x.i fli oawupav uapproitch rrad wiLJtitrfid~. N~o irlmp in d'..mbia. io* lndi~kd I.~ £4

an~Wan te W~tJ~4lI h iflt~r'15 no rta)tedical Ahaif In tr~initig )atiqtw 'stF' g1111d1-tol. t I M 11. prtt-i f-'.'' ~I'f f lt -t ol tiE 14Ii vJ tjirp. i t' !It'l )J~i~* ',it Ow r:;i vn ~tur' i rq'i&1nou; ft.qc tahi . 11111t ''tifl M' pfi&ttitwv £101414 p i 111i Wliar ithIve aImkit'nlititbal it thewcult's 1pownuwtad is to bo fuilly exploi~itd il tini ~bit.

VALUEr OF Ii-ow flag

f11v )-~urt-;n exjam.rienri provep muluhttatirilly t~hei the fightinug ptwiiurv of tile lineIis ~ rhoUI44 iuiIwhe AUt('fl1ttil: We ihto m eailuj iath 11411A' flI. uil it. wrillaa11a 4xiwsplex.

Jiaiu ~ 1 h'qC el i IM:114,d 111orr I-XIVIhl~i;'t i~s t~he dillst fal'tatig oni vvjduatjion of t

suffitivtiva, iiumis'ratrrait'e ni in ftiavr (if fLl!ai1ut,,u1i ill tile 1.1w nfds Uf 4flnfctawtri'uwn otitc-uid .M" vigo nurly conbntnted. Ist twoimre~ter deoculnca, thotiat, ruian alst,mni itritily C2fu'trM ubvit-. Ou uil- 11iiwaiv~~ w'ftpomi~ run ithort (it ounaniitsil.iona, Aill;, 01t4, 14)0Wzur st(ill to in, dreidtle. T!. J the' rri!*Ii- Of tht- M1('htil,$ w'ovii dthrisuion inity Pwing either

Wiy, 411-1t114y "iv AM Ial,~ saide ii. nt- ritria!,ic U dc-la.t-rii; 1 w Iii' att (4-w viL(.11ya1lTh SRLeImftItutirnstic WIIIH'I'tlirt cu tirerihmr 1 ctunnaunuition. Apiart fmmn their'sreaL vi'due on thet himthad of ai g'Mi "uAatk,.aaajas l oi ny oltilge Of tior fighit, t~hecy cotripoAr theWrap~ji awsr'-~i'c* whair-t1 IfevolillaMtit limasMiluthlu Iv~uc in the ltatat hourli When i'oth sidesaertho rbw.gvl "f v.11-i'l Illtht11 intft,11 rand"Iml;a~Y dtM& froj,1 lirt~au, uperaidnisatherre *art' rurarriuua (Zatnipiema IulE'vivi lhist fl141.tol (ifii,,r po~itwon dep'x:,ad4'd fint.!Iy onfirn, fror. I to:. ~1I, and rilath tinr finuauly decided Ithe iaaur. The trtilou who alrry the Vivapon

* xporripfw(*, they.would nut. coneur Iii aiiy liureeatiori a thatOf hiew could lx- oitrngtlieneI -~ ~ AVI~MI :oAD IN AMOKUA___ We' can take one (Witrewy as an

The' omna alid inmtriond~c loaed ofI-. A-~ F4 the' comrponyi oxN fh,,mver. Int'. thilt attac

Li Ia arr':~sxi a -t'y d.enerilKA' in ChAplitr

rormos coryfd lp apioe, U'. MIpok aljA 0011111 PANIC 00100 i4 1Is o ~ liEsItr~l let i W4.h'ra.,,r1eI s com pany

I'.. ~- H Amm.w~ m . A,,s U~Aw iftre mill arrmuied. Thrn' mahino funs

aninirnuition oiiilimed. T1he' 10--mo uvw-IM Ue.- bletw..w 10 and 75 rmwwam perv tutt, Timer ane alwoult 10 Pond agim for

dotot to .I tetwa i iltlss i u av tm10t )ioni.I

4 to 6 bit~i )uwev fromf 4 to A fi mazianes wAh. Dowkinia the company w~e the El and4.2pirtar an~d W~e azt~Ifriy. 01 h'rer iniy 1w. other .vtupor firing: in itrtinlotucbS

noe quirwticn at hodit I* how io. Odir. hsaik' tobd Ir. likely to xuWuihSt thp c'ompany.dlu~r:;* An artt on m) V% hi!"' it ip unridr tisa~vy prvý.ý-urv Iroii wt v'netri ii hif 1. it is, vxij~iig.'il

41 The' isaitwrr bi anywhefre tw~tm~i~oi 2 atrid 9 hourit delmtondinit upon: (1) thr hialcfire div 'ipu- ir thu '.apsi.y, .i(21. th il of fire, (3) tt -l're* ofICLVbWI0 Pupixwrtihgl

Tile flint4'?id prv.4%urea agalkltt" tlie eflhpnnfY 6wii edout equali n th!% two aaitiaatiara anid the 1oei-a'es to orienny fire l6lu 1n~r nr i-,Pxitw hte.N hitIi'et the rawe of Anins~gtilcr~penaifu'n it% night onrvarvmpia vill lie frome two tv fcuir tim'em m. riqn~d a'u during day.liwiet firfifinig delmwieding *Upfcm t);r e~xtrat of b-'tti rvnfrnaiiig of the r.nkis =id With~vwjiqdd"- furtoria sitch m. tlse' degree of eontrol (4r~eiM4*( by juitior leidvrit. T11cre ave

n itniher of for thdit, mcmt of whic(h firr ro.)ted ip J)HyehlAI4Vivu rathler t~hat,Initterilc factors. When zn'*n my tftrgetar lit th eltir light, of dity, o? at lefArt weri.. the

~~~gtciffleadyN rel eut'a fi.uin whichi they art drawing enriny fire, the'y tenad to lhe more' eonNri'-ative

.ipend their ranniumnition timnemla~y; monreover, uniikP th1ey art- urged anid comirianded,in~ the majioritytewl not wvtný' ýr :~hl IV& g~roeund which will give them a niore

~ ~favorable target. opriortunity. Bly Ore same tokeni, litn tipht fighting, there it, ar xeF ~~ of firing through the weesi of fear. Alen in nilht enpige-ng'in't. do niot Puffer the' sarr

c) ramnping strd ititineptive feeling. thilt any acrt of firirvg will iflC;-Am- J*TerobRiajoad;# Vit.Iut'lK g-jie'ar rillimure. Thes choirkwiv itm-l( pw immUOunlity; riot fe-ln

Wholly visikhl' vrb the Vilrny and rnaIml to him' tire, Ithy Bit- Wili't'l a move about mioreon their own initimAtive. hip,i wnen~ of re-hntive freedoaii, cobi~ned with fi-rr reactionto the Rwiders wAttk, huihlt. up the fire voiunv, There will 1w a greate number ofLI ~ wlliiig partiMriinnts in the fire coniteset; altio, (in the averttge, thew.' pnrtiripauttu willahcmot off nuirt Ptuff then in daytime pringuie'rent,

Thus the- paradox: !' appm~rs much ema~rr to XAat -ta a stron; alignmerit and kzap

au~~wk, aslouIs is. ,". iu n ure 4A.ill to ieoonw mAtorned prior to dpeciu,.' L'emuso tjF

With) th'n aninunition bamil an Pated, a ve*Iemn onm satty, wo-ll led and mradetip of mea*a~igid Inters for ihis mosst ItrTi, Inay hoold out agnainvt an aggromuive recmy,iiiv p ta l;-qsoev o i retrpr i is i. Au tin htat Itil oweliaw-sl' htavet boen flvf*!I, co.unting o~vet-01i not nioro Olua 10) jirere9' of its peiionabi.It, haps tut 14%,n oulipewe4d Wo arillery hirt; ton 1.1w tothe.r h~and, iLm own &rL~ltei has nIot

of thin ChzmJetc. the Ooompany will W* pfunatic-Alyv uut ut asswueituiwij (ofaixpl

t fikea

wVAe the MI Mife, ani retAnt'inn of the pcsklnnm will derwad ot. the pnvisv=7e of Anfrom that vmuii'ir, unt~il either %~he cmiemy C adtM hack or reiupply inrrives.

-A-inun Lisa ct-her snuiuud Cvuidst~usi ina the Ihf1L4Dcivr dicwvibod situAtUo4 Is

The ezey c'mnm !rwit~I. take- im~ips, i'~eomemi ihr-organi #n pul I f diat~arics,

Ougreatdc WLr of its ftet, re-knitis its line, suz1t huln 5walta w)At Gumes. Teai wlay

ccccl'

-4 I

?gg 8 d%.u',gi of rpiwt~w.e caey~atigm s. 7 CM60w4Mu.

hush Kvbnwmew, ieU 4We. Pebouvar 1911w anywhere fmmfl oneC to uevvfl rudi climanic polints in the fightitijg during one, cigit;the siveTapp lin almidthe Las' trorit thrusts... It in never powit'ile W~ may lit which pointthe Owl.i:J will hbAiJ up the mxw omuan. Soznetinw. UaOw lirt atwaik is the mast

strien~ly prsvaes, frequently at Sow off quite raggedly, ftnc! O~ie mnain effort is s lachardcharge uwde jual. Wuftw down.

in~m¶' lopins .0-

Durisolk a rw'rmrt-ut att~k of thin DWitt, thrrvw is Mrlrnat Invr~iatoy i. tWNnalagOo~tiiton of the Ofenit-, as werarpor' mv &Itthr kn,-jmdr out by fire or rn zn isAmsmunition, as men dit, suid As the e'znpaaaiy dawseoftm uadeiz &cut.) Peimaure "ht itis jg ynad aver two naidch groidl for survival. Ck'uae twi'diqle Ini the exxatieldri,' of thshwzIdpEriITirt4' J,4q1 1 ir is t~u oq'Yer ktrilad, tilt t01e. dUi'i-y 111iu (t110 e~nt'rnty is lzkc'AV to

St *14,4tut 9U), 'tinLiu~ girt Ulm, *'v,' wheti gnmand ih ld wht'laIeti b*1 ~ ~ ~ jr& lt:.c-far~ded, it willarv b1;~i.k~i*g pUrpose gz4cA4 h apn oadjuset its

f ~~line uiLirn1MJ-iv aswunud the mnu't fi vorthie gi-iubid with ultimst4 mzraksntar. Ion~. InaeuilnaDtio thiniM Chiturv of a de-frfu''a OIAL M111% a t laC riagidaty Wih &ZeibilitYinIA P"erml P.Wjte Wouid sineem tu Ile "~If-juritiff1nE. Tkilt Anserliscah tomperiiftm t,

once given~ a tacurtal evvnditaoidrig, appoeru wj~I adapted to it. Thr mern can givc up~.their tx,41ýtviau on Ole I-eu vitial grouvd, wa the Apr11 101 flbdIAtt ---- -----zhUk oy u-ou 0.ti :kre~i orx it'osuj 0tui,4ls In W1., the~ sbility ofo niPdI fnJrtaIiti to ret'iiia rrgrnk unity anud reuw strady uiltil ;ottirag bar~k to 0W.xxa~n txdy, even xvlwic they hove Ween aep-pru4t'd fron !'. Ivy enrimy gruijim. Atsd Olu

tctr~n~d~~a~of ninjt~r errritin tob.tt:le", it ne olf' tht- isiliata (+rtriatiot! L-f Americaaifighfing3 In ho,.oa. 'Portlae la v.n 3. p-CASown of irouid, SaL" ~.4 Jhmrtiora. Usually theywill ro to extr,*nic lexiaths to rejoin Us&Lhc roup Whc a sflfigh~ting Whtiu tz' Lical haitlxtance, )A. septratted !.hem fra ft.ch sil

Tihe Litidto here staLu.d for thet mewtoned company drpenditilt on bame kiesd In a IRiUttedotwi tiipjit artion oee supportid by Owlwxiboy of thre vjdience ~roveri all Setiomw

* As it, Ocionwirs piarticularly 1.hoom. o anjraieo whq,:h perfomrmd with all-strvond efficiencyundter ntinditionot of extrieme prtemwurr, arid carried their figha-P to SM(WucCwl local con-eluiti-i.,,, it is an outlawe of fire poixibihlitif- dep-wj* from. the basic load, rathar thauia-i &vcraaragr of rxjiraeneees by conapuwini within t) eL Thiuater.

9 In erytonj of thfs action. titken under study, clip delcows wall cottnwad in I3mMhan foul. horsu, anld ill oe'yvral inllmc~jee in rahmo Owli om' houor. T','? usually hIfppeIKeI

P, ývwoen the enemy onfidl' oceurmd in imurh wsy an tW briaig about a' phyrieel sepa~ratingof partim of the, oompaamy wbirlh could lnot su1t 'ju-:.tly her it-knit. At. to why thoseirewti~on! %'qlnflfly (if olsitmian strenagthe) did not manjutain therins.vri, for longer jwrlodo

4 wailer their own firot, the' imw.t. freqwarnt 4'xplansti-in fromn the, m.'n row that "we hadrtIf in ' m.of artiiad"' tod &l1 ot-hrr Amnarnunition, except for tlt-~ rifir.i It wow' never' poolwivlbi

0 ~~to elarck thtese c~lainM ill tietft, dueto #A)M) awty Of the n l SfId 10rturf~ iKtI 44:er. dead ormissting. Howrver, thow.. lIAl men, nau..inue-orurner, atirl notwitr l aen Wilp Wag tIfUpreeeert would uitually xii-~piort the. caim wjiti i'orm!(ArsaivI' ;1'risnai 0*tesi ny, drsftil6ing the rate' of hn. an'i giving the App;'watiraaU timr (Pt Ileitav tot the CVUrWs of 0i.0 a ctol~

MW Whefn tLIM W0661koli laud pine empty,No bohdt cueaeluxiouu ewiz 6- bam'd on~ t~ise enjendra,, upto thiUa reistira kia.'tw

panic firing jund the lra~ of the' fe'elaua of sucidarity withiin Ora coniji~fy. This wituarmoihad bern thrwigha a liard ortleal, an~cmuaflAiied b,.y varyingc diegree nf asl'w-k; they auihibin sonu' inittancem haavvs had sinimuzitiotu at haaaad lnd lioll not hsve knomas It. Butfrom frrpftatauo, It wow well hia-dsc'e M~at w#hen *ae L~1Z.AI .usid snarbiliea gums Of*tilesee'sa-ivel-' and exhatat ammunltknisa upply in tUm 'ary staxo oaf the Wirt.. tha Posiumbesuone "UJI

4 r4Z44Cý.06-w

can r CW~rM)11 --~itlto of. ciipn t* a£ nt~n In n t*.h deaf" whe 61 .

Whti C,..' CI&SAtd t--i WP-n Wil u..a... ru ou of mmnto in abou -

A>-l rrmr 1 rnd,()OIm n-ýra, (3 -hn uinadcrlm

!r4? - bti a fr;I utranc

Th iIuAloof Muton1mjuO oMR as y aftund .a~w b 10. srgh o efen. -"Opt'tu.Is th n"'vt of a -wltl Itht 0 Of amirio -4.butt

WIRUIi l theikr, &aknig n anatiak ritnrIi24teLjw adtvu o itiS osrthrog CaaICM worweA IL ?it(AYIv instmrmIne

-- -- - Vi -L' *

wk~ich thisj happened tco individuals and *

alwayu, D11 L'fl!nitfi~onlflit, however Clot.~

*de!u1~r,-t&-n th,ýt-- vn' -mlor. The SAT N1)TIIcarb'ine runx out amazcr Licueawo tivoo'op TR-"~ lTULF~lIG--.Nlenud to fire it full autoiA*,ic when r4e. J Tiii.I ae 'Typical 1'ttovw for Migtsuimwu

wri'"! p-emurt', -t1hog thre rG fe YgttA h~sCvisliblo targets,

it is impnsruble to may whrne the onib-rrachline Lgun fits in this reangs becoause dhoMwo4a to its urn is ijmgtl~r and fragmentazy. In Ameujoan hands, A~ does cat

b)P5.ara to Play a dci-CL,' part in ainfuntry Velgagei'oot.The6 rate of bawookp. fire Is extrcrntey vsasnnt,k' drpucndiniz nalny on w~b..der

the onemy3 iv oflening rv.;AUvely broadl targets at clc*- tango, psucl "n a miwshine guO orhoU" oerCf. It if! not ernnoyovd tn aaiy great eitent as an auitip~rrannel weapon.

The J3A{- sausurny practioe a w~und-' fire ecoonomy than the machine guns. Cf

Thmr is a mpecia hasad to infantry in uaight dofenne, revreahd in a numberof tit", comipany JTiUmf'Ler tihx-t*, whI'Iu 001.10 of $Akins o11W." Am oltnvzi.on into thegrunuud to be clef endi-d. In Uui'w .fvovral fmaxnJpi( theL inca tIIow4It, timt what they h*Ar- han.rd would bet sufiIcetit, but ortve-rad milare kxoxeo of wriorus~e umod of k~wwe *Munuzawtiofur theM!I were carrie4 &ithin the p(*1twnr jutt !A~ c-w thoy mi~ght bwneeJdr-

Theme eomptunieswem eti'cghged thnoushc'ut flip night; Wu'ore' tar"? lighl broke,the grev.adoa and eartndpe- whicha the, men were etbrryuig svi.re sd) but eirl)endod. It

4 ~~panitt. and had so prvedc Uw.enu'I'eg in 1,61 Wict UP Until t"t Liny,. Yet ouchs was the

that tho NCOs found they wmr ut,&bI. to open the poetad. bomr; aftor u4imliva

&M* 1 Nl

.1vai with thtm ftw r1Y fae nin~jt4'R they at lju't 0dA~hft th~rn on he rocksi. ht)e the

Pemades irpilh'r, out ov#4rthhe hilixida, (%nd meift lad crawl arrniid, fei'l4ng for hm

Thel Mituat~lrt wm. even worw with t~he Loewr rifle ammuni~tion. IltTh woo' no

riPWV IIW An'ld thf- hirvr~. h--d diwpptrd Ib' ~.iw~;tIt~ l Cthyk It

'W " nr.l" NA&?Y to frel L.v~~ the rwn :, fjxIwJh !v4&I, the d v. -ne -%A to retrieve the

crlips by the t~me the t'lips had been itath.rrod, nfPYve terixion had xo gremitly incronwed

that even the ksdcrvi found it alniftAt jjnpoiwuhw to mak~e their fizag'n responid to the

",:hob. have, had many nights~ in combat.. thin en~t or ha%-ingt edwt 0

a~nnn~olintedr Mth otdmrhing rzperiencr I have known." Troops

art, not otupilyw4d to ittki'loo am~muiiition into, an active poe@iuon undex aniy eirewrrA

aitance. the knct rernt-in", that they do. The *L~pnAY xitantion i-"-d tne iinck of tidme for

full prt'cautiofl sometirripa impost, thL- ;;rat burdeni p~n the iz.!&ntry oompe-ny. b~ut

any grensde eaw which in mn [email protected] lthaMt it baflies ordinary enter'prise in the darkraeu

is probAbly r. little too s"Cure for uoctwlty.

WXAPOMR APMRMAeI~fON

It, is found that the approciation by trwoop of, any pitrticuWa weapon dipends

invaribl~y UponD their weing it used Pff~e<tively in one or more tactcal aitustionti. What

thcey ame told about it." potential makes rebi~tively little diff erenc; they will believe only

vihnf, they aec, and nothing but upag- it.%elf will proirote- msrear uW^~e Thuh if a

WeApon's wt-ight is iorbiddling, and troops ametin trin# Lthy Will leave

it behind, even though the chararter of the tighing and the n.mture of the enemy's

works ,nsy be touch an t.3 mske the weripor indimper'.aabl in the situatiorl. However.

if it should c'~anfl that they wme the starn weapo!1 on lower ground. and msike a drmnatie

kill wit'" it. thcy will then undergo extreme. ezertifn to get it forwzw! L- the netxt fight.

Once conivrtrd. 'Awy stay that way; t~hkq of itself prmowte' a d&.no~r of tOw opposit4'

sort., sinee' the additi-on of any new anti hwaviev weapon jr. a particua!lar amiy tends

to Irtire the lighiter wepapn, jr ' q*WtiVe Of theL change in the Mituation. "hMe two

gmenr-a idt-,&' may apxa to tic In ouifliet. That they am unot ao may tie illuxtratted

by the exanW4em that follOW:Thr 75 and 57~ r"oiIhew am both used by Infantry iii Koarea though, ixe~ws of

the weight (jietar, thr form"e wer~vwn has 1wen nerlretrd by many infca.-7 comptnkr's.

The' gvester number has never even ottemptr'd th emplAoy it thougri in rrviwatnd situations

the maul v'Mly targota (such as bunker") and thtir mrp.a w~ rwh pci at the 57 cannot

do tht, work. SLIDl, the rirnpan"~ will' prsrint in carrying the 57 forward in the hilltop

Ifightinx and will continue' U. uw' it *futilely "agant target's which it cAnnot r.ep.t~rxise

btecause of the daia'taw. until it IWat th~ey have one happy exprrinne with the 75 an

lower pround a*aintu the *ms typeo agt Then tvyaotthe epnfrgs4

1that doe% not mm'n that t~o- 57 to the eveludled Both aw'- invalgabler wcrz~ms, Pub

h~aVingl ttA unfliwuw wrae~orf'tiia to t-rraifl cAvstacks and the ranuea at which the enemy's

main wutwkp CaI he dirv%'fllv eapaed.11w introduction ol the 3.5 basooka in Xcrei oorwled at a tame whn ai main

BEST AVAILABLE COPY ~ f~u

Sh 2PUI lsurhThCTh- tm!

pMohl,~tm, andI OP pzw'awdhrit Ln.'t,"d PeustIion r-uifrr.J the' frmruerit dmfn:,iqin ot tarjtA

Tthe 2.:Nt P0'b.PL Iaunfilier vrould 1.wv't IIw'n a vl'idtii.ih' adpineat~ of th iuifatntry1 lineaI ~~thIM prulht If uN"I3d ir~ily SA A ninAPdlkjr. Aftn % .ij~~ail~M lis (eliaiLn 04tiW -*-

~~~*-tor' jitw jiL yks oar~r-twt- 01,r matnr w~l) m~id th,- rund h~t ap N.iýt- tyuqt

3 ~~fivout even when therr' wun ormpic ai)nmuuititmr, in theIx oe~tition. IFurthtrmori', ~i"'opsI which had owung over eonpi5-.iwly w Oth L4. batk~,k~s rwrly miami it- Mini#,:M pebowiiwd

i.. ~The apev4 will, whirl t.Artfrftl ((;?C'' (or-&-t the' nmen fre:crni from their Colleti-etl* ~e~rirnv;-, pua'iaetdA~rly tkm..'- 1"w ~ t"U i?!1 nud e i.~ t~o AP.~'

state. But u.Lo Army hm vir,K'c to b". evt mnw-nu,; cf it. aiid to act alway'R upon the"- eMr1npLswi thatA Orre wiH not b"s tn eanoe ofkoldt adpot from--

It 4i!TP-loon1W at t!!e "AInr rLt- Um~t. weolit''icn) trill-A. Il~eume' am to t6p avrrage leader,with tuach rpeurring expetir'u"e tht, tn.'ntal oelhit have' to be. chaargred al's over ejpmin. hPvhio obvious thirigh sonwiaow emcape the aa'rtir"; the jxwiihiiat.irs of new weapson. amestriirt likely to prfxueeupy the thinakin~g of thr--m' vilh are mnv*e .-ned with ininor taetiuO11,11fa the. e.iadendam valuis' ini old wriupwnm i' toir ead and proxvqI indi'peamable.

Ina Korea, a high, 1wei*ivt~a, of compuwy grade affile.rs ~ had hooul toi~. ezpenomin Wur!I War 11 aid bavl wi..au'wued Istit-laraid the' umwfullne'w Of t1W. Ogrrnge A,4 a wrawniof LUx attack. Yven so, wisen thfiy got 141 Korvat, uthey did not tenaw that tile'su 0(~no

5.* ~~warfsr. no L-44 Man tii. nat~ur of tine groiund, madr t~he grtr&uvir an inda~e'oeumblewearpon ire t~he. dci~efe , and thsti by rv'eking full u-we or it the' it-sM;r uW.1dier *o'4detneh a n~atural advantsn, in the' infightinir. P'rior to engs#"me'et there WOR raidyan amural. aronooitiuag by r'o'npey ston.mandt" 4n ! the- genwit aipply within Oheune. Offtufw som*Umtm tUxk ft Jr.; Kr~tao it thnif lfa mh wpmw supplee with gnnad'Whe I t ay hbud nonte. Az, exxw-pt~ionki battaulion ttointarntrr wouldah] o ha

lame,. isolloajg the. entry ci CCf', the ' Cnnuitifont o a jio iig and the atyt'of dtheenemy attck eried skatsd for upt- of illuminstuair gena'1t.., hot I. for throwins and launch.

iUte vv N rU<tojd In Opr sv:taw ui.ton :,., o wsv thoaer di d~c mor o

&VW - ku-w nwwt CA utp Potentiaal titan ther ju.Air ee xwThip Ifl not awld In di.7w'c~Aton id tie' Ann-ns~vi oif~eer; It Iip deeeceiptiwc oy 0f

a Mae ofmind with whiaeh rpe 4iw e tmeskinpi4t nusu4 lw'rhirr' i~tktMMinm wer suireqwmsthv nqeow'wrd, am wnr trijoilarft, and when Not fcOVAM

* wu,.ini disxpod pevfuaetanly. 11he uatA Am wax st I'moIir~w4 oeal mtkmUeatm 1 nf min supply edampa, but in the aOeeeie'wMOMM of Ow svevmp offiow. HadU I fitit bi"' Dam* wswrQM Up th Le yeeham' tho rrear wtuWl heave Nt~ ge1~Ir PnMMO

M- M U

, v-

ta) TWV' t'tiatit')whin ?h-'.h. Wh.i ~eltl.ng o Iitinalr. tOWdc p'rvduf.dI h tlita tb-ý I.tg Imwr Mtild from w~r. frunt!nri (exol~e in. W..~dwmk 'a~a~hnitn. Owa

linfiuy nim'ric,& kn~ew Ow n hanivid t~viiiniuri of inoaidiingj inefliridt'i. flu P.P.P'eC3AWetit1fF". rifrImg-t r :% tv$1411:111 I' Witt% 111via; v "' taN'? tr"iiekla b,~ ttlin.-;wh:

*5J ~gZ~flaaiit.In en:l 'j.qute,it~ut. prt were, scrldritit durngj minnr, plantill~. wkideal(him: fkilurr, to mLrk fia,'i' pr';qwrly, aec'idnt.A f-'mn fultiary1A plto , rv.-wwd, atrd qprtvjithiii &n-;isetitbli shuo;a whirt. nciikro~ bay, and r-i~de'nta whis; nr* unim2 tttna4J in &nd tookovg.r. I.4 #,1 not rmviarkuibTh' th,.-. -uuwy c imimaideirm t#ende-l sx be rr-k,1& twk oivv'wr-obu~tiour aigmt rtnpAI.,1iann MiMA:.&, r thia, m. t~Le whjole, a technicid~ly Lnviwkwardesmylnadr . um ft th-.utm ldoa w ot

Suh %,A thi- cier fC(IEnd Cifttiot.. On itbc other firrid tictrt' wAir JregifL~A w:omt

~~ollf~vt- lmjiv,', 1 ihm niw-d pa ra, kirew flow' to umv ttirr, on(, ht~ir'ttsa AWAYfllw trami - 1ji'aaa -tasiowh"Lai i, Ali d;ea." sau1.Til a" ric aiot

Chiphatir W Kin 4vi,g that. uniderviparhsu';-a Us. O.-im PUIJtet In trji.,1g fXA-jf t JWU'a5; f~tftvMep'wadty In dufi-;A;:z,. 7 Tih Mh4 A~i0 LflpWfl*f werr IijaamF~~ily InI Phort Pu,-IflIy &!,)US

Mon1fis ut ~ 'att.ion who aSiN (likeilaiat-il hima trtxplm W Ljuaband them.COPnT~rVitiu(a And i'gu-11irm'it imi~iitalutiog wsjkeid Wil.sd ilk Inh."d. One hatLa-4Ion Corn-

. guinot mYTIitmidifwd thte trijaflarir w, ntxwtoyV prireta-tr int-erity du~riug (he winterP ~fif-holtg ia~t, fie lit-te..lly tipWlorione'd uLa qui,Lau of hal" comttar~ii~v and hld ~oeh

conpipnla Imimnruj.d.'-! to aAWe'Una for what happ('rA ted IEwter. B1y c)flUtras thm~-' A ~wcrv' oher It.'4i-m workint. at, the sNum !evpv wi~tt didza's bother 14o requiztjon.

j Thei tLntm fwons Eurezt IduKv', once acain that, it 1p not Wa.1k uf niemoty, but.lac'k oif mrifidpmx~-piving jracticiv, wisict re'tiard the* rwtac rio of th' s Agve ' Yousms

~~~ ~coinniandcr wo bix mimumiw~n :ndet '~ilrnhat':i prmwuurr'. Whez in: 1wniber and es-IlyJnnuIAry, the mttuA`C~ot a(long the gener-al irons wwj 14utd ax to call for illuniinaLicm inall (oim to (,i~4! na Izi~it Puuio.rse, haigher authority rtagaumssf it OA.' Nul Isuit at Iowa'IevebI, nuwy CoulmiW..o41.-ru rtis-1AX tile' i,.tr(dAwtion of the"w IWchriqu.'p; Chi-., had prvasI~ ~ l ong waitkarut the nt thtat Uicy wE2P 11) Innupt Cowfideant, of their vahuepa, and fai~tas

to v ju I wqr uver-nil r-JLuatiLUn .) pivi'wptruv., thry oblreWt !o chhu.gi' in any (img.

7 1 Mw " v' MI A" c~ srx w4 g* I rui K aa.wan o p er atioru , b u t it In rn p lk w to Iabcw th e p ou at.

UIR7eveON

-~ - -CHAPTER. I/D

j ~WHEN WEAPONS FAIL

3WTSCT ON MORALD

* Without exoe~ption, &Hl infantry company actions given del"aled otudy in theKorean eawpaign includcd numerous exanpkax of weaponx Sailurrz, not all of the cauvaof which were ascertainable. In the Imat of the &etion ý&he mien thlwrnm.1lves either didniot -have the chtnee to check the fault be-fore thL- weapon pasw-d out of their hands,or, imavia at l1ast cearzed the, weapoi, they rtil! could not be certain what had cauoed

* The peroentage of maindk'nlo wam higpie.t during the early we k! of the coldwtatb',v iijhhing be~fore the !ight wrtic tylke oil had bren inued. (IThis suuh;c willbe trosate' wprarately furher &kong.) Bu't it fiy~urvd in one degree or eanrther in allorapany aeti'nna both in the attack and on dofenne.

EWl-evidrnt~ly., in perhitpe 25 p""e.nt of theme eAIum, ttthouxh the weapon w"sbIlamed, &a th.h ecin~txrnem wc--e reported..there was reasonable xroul(I for srus"Ipetngthat the t41rcr was at fr.iml. 'i'him do"u not allude toi thp frulurt' whiv): =661C of inadequte.auAiiitenancm. fail wre to clean, improper oisling, lack o'. te-A tinng unzde-r frorring conditima,.anid sto on. VcyV rarely undrx the e.iqof engag!7aent in' horta does a companyhave Ltie chanc to kive it'". wea'owi a roo gIgovrut pn' Vi LA'Leu-.;drntwv&ewntn, the weapor, Ly't' dity 1nv~nxud)'y. and, therm is. toIdoin a zvIpite ut the t.1dof znovcmunt in which weapons can be. rlrant-d. 1Iliu rto"erence pet~ain therefore onlyto those incidamit in wh-.eh the weapon faiikdt t'n do what w4SI rxPA'wled boraume the handlerbad made L mistake nt whdic 1w wam fot ronaelotas. Fu('h err-in re nort corahnod tothe twwly arrivec± repl~eexnenta; er~ the sasaoned 'vete'ran who han bvn' through manybrw" fleits w~ay at 6im oommi't an inwnptary blunider if the ic umaw~~ce' of the _fi'twrky lam to an vmtzram iitci of exciteireanL

Beosusc a reitaWa o( weapons faflurre waA &1wayw &n intit~al part of the

'sas,,BEST AVAILABLE COPY s7

~4..000 - -8

"e 'hr V 'i ~ t1n,r& th-h-a w", Pt favorohI.' e11mits frip' frank dlcIwulmvmby* triorm of Orw (fffrir4 of wenjitil fL4:hlrr1- (Y;. morittv duringL eitnpgemnit, Wiistjjjl;~rxCcetion. tilt, &r~-*rtrint wall t'stat wa'-rw'nm NAllmtx A"e s, rnrmni part or tcombut., smnA -

that It I1v iltilire inl stfv 09-P 11,v'a?) prn wt! be ni nni crrsrptinfthl:liapl hph~ mfi foret 't~ !r4'irnj

Ther turetion wu. makei u: ewnnty coptuaiec: "Ast Eis rnaieliire gua, sijj, mrmm¶ra..an~d nih"'., wlis.1. ;wrr'nitta of failure rould it cmrnnini'v isupirtin in1 l'rpefwil mg.'iwr~tswittunif ji'r~iuF, tIwr' to, itr. *isac'i". powrr or fnorntll,? Tlw~ acc'-A-M !wlxod'i t~eiwtirn

lip.MlyrttrtV cuiidin tiN~l how it.r it. 'ow h ile st.r t. ill fil 11it v:11irn bett0 Piv to~d

have l~l:11 1.ill i fr; c'itll1. otil- hiitr, if iti tiol. itu~ sifm tlahl ofe W4ix, tla~ c'iptcel Igture of the1 r.nohmtii -rildl;%.ha FrA'Iiji hLLiii LOIAi:%td

~~~~inthe pro!!e %w og~lltwithth f-log ofther.(h nv 'a~rbui" wahi ritincr I,: It rwin.

'I''itt Amezwa-t1r n 11''r-infctytnanit r~e it[ tilta 11,141w , an trilein efalla Ct. wm .Suto y ?ehlifld

(fro wtia toni gn fl wron Btit, litM W" c:,mlimi. r'dr,.,IA by 1w;'tip4flhivid or g i':.p ,tuaiotm

twitti Ili, a given iopny may prweo i outh y it. inThe rtaaastlp Waf all exop.ior.s kIwI

iltar' intimrg ite-grity of tilt- unit. will Ill priperva'd. ( vei-y if for itowc rrjlaon

tllret luo hig mrdetrwc of LA IL faOlure". bUt OllITI. rnvhingu K1111. C ~ifaink t~o opt-reit. andtht. riflrewna orfhin'tanil fire1, tiv:re ist nio dv-proixortuionttf Pihok to tilt moral idtability ofthc fi...rpe s~a a %whole..

I'llw rim be drmnlVSFtrst"' b'y any numlwr of l'xnrnpllea And bly the abanent ofany Mapor jtruA.f tqu fit, NyiAtrtry. W,3L Liar tvviord limiauatrm imi Viant mily a'xtratirdianry -

Cathrid.'wce' - 0L.4. fAalwcx of as haigh £iudTkt~ (if pivotal wenrpioiN wit lai it fe'w mfonleft4,wotrmcix it. such waty timt thle rutthr *nizt inappnitti W it - will j'-,Pye tpnm'wanrily

tile ormlfatat (of the Walt.Thfvlite iw ne amit). dramtair example tif thi", Implipening thirinp. Kurg'm apiiertiuni

J ~rurge 4 4'mlpany, (If tile :110Ite .gaitent. Ill thu ra'aatie c! I lit- N c vvet''! r lint tit, ilong the(bnvI.1n, prit puhlo'i.c't1 fonriang (it a Ulaii~v, fores tof approxims~twly coniontiev mul-igt~h

apipritai'll-ig friru tIit n'11- in thP erlsI ftrmiraig. Itpi wt-p;;'bonl wo-IW IUirtied abDout.. 4nda fro~(nm jl.~it^1I&iAo o~il 441. WIWIaji the' ( tr4imakly paot met to ritecute an ai~lmsh). perMittilkg

the, rie,.iiv 4' comec Withiin :'k) 40) yarvLa. 1J10. ( 4111hlaany "'ent', un which the' (:Iiftgeu-We"T niergi~rlrg, was ihv'#P'W Ui.JJl a plf-uu4' gUli.l igilioinod.4 (ill rither mitle by a HII..''ite IltuI. iliult C0i11ktiMli~lig htoOwi CIliAW' by tilt' "Itnditl go,., WhISch WRA csUpj.omMM tooppa file OVetlon 4m hili xgigtal. When hie yelled- '"Fan'l' Liii gull mtuck, andl tlws iunnt ~ -

~j My gun'm janssined." In tism, t.w lieutenaant, riel eredcat of tht. lIARt MCI) to

ft"e, And boIN . n rufi~nK tMe tfigwrel' put tin m~eymepsli ad cried out abuel.t i~hie4 r difficuity,* Tlb' i utcfiitryt the'n plkht-d ol flip rarl~itie: thf westvion woultin't fiiF. An lieI put it,

- t ~."1knetw at that isymmw,t th^ (Wripany w"' nuiorni.v whipp.'oi on thilt Krouhld."I ~~ - Alirnrat vwithttwi fivine ti r~hat, lis'dei.i t i.rTpirnrily, w dr to a hil , ISO'

'htn-I P tt Lb.If fn.ri I; v kýJ (41 q MM. r 111.u rIsi rtmt'it I ). fit I!Wrent tuI W'ork din thp fq'1!1'i

*o; Wdcir' Pubnirenwti heiun alid then- waA never an), eliuie'e to fivid tiut what had

gil KR 57 AbIlv-1 Ar'ount of iW.'If.* ~ ~ ~ i th . i Oitw-n (1 J*i *o'rvulr uprraksssus, Paxi S~iteopxny of ther 7h Mearine 11rgitrent

WM .-Al if;14UNI Ic)P! 14Iii nT five' diuy", wh'-fy atinv~unde~d by enemy f~c h-; g-ratIV~~ujarrioring Cie~h :zw L firts] Uthr-e nipisiwdi I :ni~ p.rimpter wera mtroraiy

* ~IMIt-c'iel &I-A i*in twt&".' Ori4 "I zd ~. i:t th! hZ~x .,..".r holv agsin,&I'lit the. Othirtev %tin find b'rokern thrcitigii awen- kjHi' in-Ith' Vir' circhn. At no tirnwduring

4.sif.'.y Ohvv workrd them over, rie'iu.etl thu'zn, Iij'jitly n~hmnI them and tEslt-fired.. ..r. Li.d f4dIir gU1fi1 hyits,s Inii'd aii jiklnR t~he line. The offirwrt, and wien of irox

isr ve'J wte-1 tii,Iq toj figure' ott vihy tli.% i ?npjv',:ed. Ifut tlivy rrpr.-t,1 t1lair £ip-ifortanewith Olh. tAuim r~i orly#l inrident in the fight, wurth notLing. for- the mike of tile rwouds

lomfpatIv, tble flt4'tionfl t(wh.T the pobe of weitrxnrti failure w" not. unlike that ofthe. aveiun.' infantry organizatinn in Korea.

UNDICR COMPTTONS OF COOW

Throui::lsut wirt-kr oprx-Ation'. iji Xo rA i -t51)I~, momt irt'isxt.nt, and ptveraleqwk- o (t ittuIihirtising ,in thet bullet-firingi We.&;-riniq rarrit.i by the minaistry was the 141-11of AtAIftIAMLAAdWvii1 III tr'i-trr-rt of Oil.' wenpon ar.a t., oiling, perioelit wAflf-up f1ifli*s

_ ~~etc., under rondititatm of1 exitnrri.. eid and hseav:y pri'Cipit.Atiofl.V'iC'wifg III. prW-h-inf niq & whoule' within ithe influitr;' hnc*. it Would( he coeeisn~?'fUvo

in may that lit) re'Mot'f of the dltfirul~y weu' inwisea In PU'Mtnfiiid And( liumaui faLilU1V latlithan its ostruetkiriil (atilt lin thes ordlnance. 'Thi- tnanuni's pirv.msrilmt bonw weaponsi Phould

I I ~he oitiuntnuined timler vitrying ee)1411t :eni of chrnsite, anti tAnspverAt ti for optitnsuti firingj t~~t.-ultii. (W~hethe'r tue veeerirrnimeidils f4whtilqt'is art' the lr-;,t i,,". imi'a unaknown tothe writer, ,.inN' thr pru.ri~'n M- a highly trehmiarid oneat.) Nhm-4o.eve'r, 4juritig the, paut

pclis'.lsig cir know~oixtg of tliipi psuIIjoWL anid fro itntr t UigAs W tJ nurlb fn*6h infonnatiofl* -ham beau-i pwwmiwe to troopoi,

ii No~Mne thsin.. 'artuoil prae'tILi, the troops In the field pnxvwd emplirally, rA* ~~ g ~ If the whi'ush Prlijp't had1( N'xen left unbexplored.!'hio im tile- l ,iuin asi fmili-t? m"lry *-- wbua wo e umr 1,y PxIPrim,!,M. nowlJ Wh a Lm

tngaid 0 doctinre IbeWA.11 at rse tione or awithe- it has been publiashed to the Annyin A bomok or circulqT, of~~tevittis mniaem.'e fire at Lthe vital gauint bl'caws it im toot atnmou'd

vi Oth usse quuitor whmen it Ii mot romdad

* aX

The rs~irl Army thd not i~oevoiim~y untia ilyow, Ii' method of inftantr'y weAponurmniniazzanor uniier m~ild evniliionn. No isroad rxmlWn nee'd ter Platt to1 that aojate.in.,nt. Mrothocis varied fruin tegifl tflt Lu, tfrj'8iiiae ht xtiui twt worn bat taliu tosand envipz'.4f

ro~'rtit. On tl sind acalot hl 01111, C11itionlp #If fitivernwe-

uiAafairly honvy com~ing orf *,il, wh'.ruing j ewricadol Air it. k#.1, tlhe waaponr aetivos.Ni, JsgJt oa,~nal w~juta i ~.suire ~:'I', tht -ri ~r fIst LWorm dry. No. 3 --night

aNi. 2 asita Oicun a ldl h. wt bil)11 1in iz RM t,11 rh. a Tudl.d itu MI

*'-jjj~ j'Icnmr ard ;hiwu apply a tLhiI' %'Aiatin of oii. Plo. 4 mighA tnintve all oil (MMi

Thr "wilr*t. "l ue wam tlhat tirere Wa" no tiivrw-d-upnn pm'r4-dure and nj,c-inaeIo4' drivo t*warel entablialaing one.

The; ri~tutiou aiprove roaaeuiu.1y m the wiiat4' worn AlaeniT owd t?4xope leafedvirtually oil 04-ir rown widat wonld uork atid whAt wotiMI notl. fla~t in tlir bW.ginging#.kirary and przet iea ont thisi voubjtt wtere almroot 4A varisihlto w4a eini-'nie xiout. what,, thoawar w~ould cad.i mu. Auints(A too Io'ik (or the "one' 1hnrt way"' withoctst bhddng Pertainthey huti found it. Thint whtirls worked well an mwu 4iY Wmu verv likely (As ga' Wlversws

t Wutaafw day larr tweaume of a ge'ntral elsange its the wriather.If uniforin prawticv wan to. 1w %chi.'vq.d, Oft% w!as olbviowzy a joibruL'l rrn ins

(or Attention from the higher levulep; but- with rare exes'ptionmi thtey did no(thinlg nbtoutit. As airmaly naiid, thes body of inforisiation. on weapih~ feulult-s in atloyt wl icl ~tbe found at cvrnpriny Ifvcels bi altn(*t tiever cotnixwad anid PtudiedC At 1-he higher levels,Fra im. Iaik of daaCenei:svthh'fili.: rrh o AM..(ompiny office."and supply arrpeaentts were left 0 oov Coiwte eNdd weather' innintonatire, priphuI'm An bmat

K ~~they couldl; high~er ronmnmtdlEerl, vi-jimiwwd with A vz"M~y "~f othe~r probt!rim, ov~madONecra'ly to riamhhuc dint the~ coldl wtim DPworinlg hemuildy ,sgiws4 wourions effe'ctive,,erm andthat g.uidatiae wftw nrq4'ded toward a xf-so..tdimsiisig of techanique.

The rigor of tho Hil~reain winter fiAIx hieti greatly CxflggE'74t4( In moist mwuintapuhhjashrd Its tiar Amnerican prr~aa. It b; niot a au~b-art-Oc eOinite., Thtem an' ocranionaldiym down tLa, 10* anid - 1W., but therw fhold ton for a few diiym onily, Comnparedi to ther

4a"ilgl h 144i O~a Wfi illiftitS I# h11tal495, thea. T~iorean ave~raip wintei week :nv WSWe a Michg'rfl#ntinre of b'righ~t, eutnny dayit, wit', 1J.): tArniprr. tunvsifgfi~Jn M0 tvi Vini51inark. The sanow.' Art, rarely heavy; evein In the niintaiuni Arrie" a usinewfahl rxe'*ing

4 thrre Inche" in dep'th in itowaurd-. Thee waistr *sttiba We n~ot W.t71Af exioll of 1pajalci-I ~~ I 38. Cotai q ,41h to, our own avtrf#.~ni clina;iw, lth' rs~owmt (if herivy froamt. %ndt humidity

duringj three' -iuter iwonthps in Ybat ej .A. 1 lit- ll\Aeorhij 4aaa11pegz. im thiii-foiv fhut 0 1111of weapopse~'ti.,ej undter iJW~liil~ltd 014-WItheri~e a"nciti~nIl.

The oidy olk-ration which war' it entipirl'u'urs e(.3( l~ftJ W.ri thIOMWgteil~t~iwax the' let hlayins' Iiviftio#,'m inarch in No~vember And I lec.vnilwr Inruri Clinuneug-nito' Ildnin-ni And M-urn. The atitaek wNio thatejugh at lofty PolonutjaU 5s in Use i(tr north.Ternpwrature' wer- vonueietn~tly low wre'n 20" maxijiuau Oin Peertain of the daytimeo opfra.

i~on!!) Sinrd -30" miisnhfufl hrIiougheout 11.4 20 disyrs of fighating. ThIee srluwse we"e &INsn40 Ji"t 4 ri Vi 11l 'Pipsi frefluet-Ifly attainSSW 1,h alard Srp ri gw ithmot~ ~ teenm EWW

40W41 utn4mya l onsn S& mwjritltCutritr ya

4.r~ arsos h ooit"bo eeI ksaeo om-ix.'ui sttti

Iun *ale hu otonrno h t rv ht n hudhci o h rt

wesrin e £avr.Stnea the dfenigtdve sjalwd wef'Irne ha tinsente Of utheuw'w Thour, imit 00"isOjSiUo under whihaa tthe orali fbilr theew 4th Army.that oney ahitd tiedb~ lto dtb rLosut

to Thwg offteo a~xnu u rrerd Wlilyi tho ~llontoo Miit- waspnn wake ApaiMariiIne taetorfrt.4:i' sin Stile paIrdI "CUl In tile :.MI.idI:r- clar# I!,' krod :avrdnt rtm N-dg* Iii stits fulli. Sti5?i:/ Wh r"y tiu drifix (9Jp ~iig Ill iir,(ly~efituII J'Atir~in cflewrd fr'omz~

r-espt wernea the ofuui ' iu.y ihonthe de rrpreojiid srnes run fro 30"t' dofwtn tou 0. Moron.

hnuti der notichma ecdtnh wpe~uafhlr.1 hlit- ft U liiiuby ar a r to anticipate.Fwutwe auu : to d-lrne ution of hr wreepeenrly tb.1 f41 Gr bafferd. ftit rlhý ois

Thos cofiimtde, latte riwrld lay theyW!e li~t f1all. O~v~f t 5 Ul WAer jit mdid Ino wn.

to be ule. rigit'r (lty. Dis tiory dut ftiedand( um-di'j iti forjn~r1 rauivit o aunythin bttram

The attribuw ths,~ paina variguty of th'be'u wraponi dri sthiapn'rr terir ait fu-oinldoot lif

flurfustheit4ona i ct~ hn thtf~eoxrageffcec oe.,utiarra'ig the fzmortaet WN-P the gr oundoviner Pod hajrdhat it irssre wthoutar cuidsiocutlng wffort Were Itua eof Aivet bucklno

crakin of bom plaw" I unde h~ eavy fin'r1ltiag, a di'fior*-n prrn'it ilali r of Wt'e alu. Te'

who c-mfandcry lufe.ro 0A19,41, thOAt s thet' WD'I'w' ti rate inio thr al epats In the usot ue.t eThc' righ ulliity Itlilt. 1woolli wlost, Ah~difcl in, ruardtn frtl Im..xtw of Mythty fetr.

fho trming t o i. uiningu'o the Wntcelpit;trvltie'afm-d townturim r.to priod JUIwarIIL W

1~The' ttIIAjeU ri'ii to jf ttrin u the't ai~n wellundeoir' sub-sre'r ran Its sth& P gi~'tig61die'utione In rt'huifiwillIw in('rnoe o'f rtthiesu In 'c'ur.. ans, itaio' notr. Kl'o AI en th i rond

i ~ thi drcif' ficlty by pleiotivg (und' Owvir fsirre) loeuul , ti w grvite parta ofrte etrou bleexpeelom ianly e'uisrer~ amage'.thoui Wi.th~ btile ag rAte' coul or'tt In tla ed (an ompaxth

Tisqhe' rfle weerms toes'dup illy a well -te uid' avituerraw frl, hIn fact, It Iesl to"Odilue tira,'1)4 wel e infa dentry o fightlg e~ ds it) cithow a ndus it@n lenot' AIml VM' eritrtiadIr ther d'fwultys Ther usirein ortheirm nim-bimic llowe'veft Itir" orvle' prt" of the ltV.blButoupr'ie'n of ha h~n'u nperamiitllkneu wisig pin, theI 01id ntuctube' lae stnd' t 141pIlan

Theninri l riflyell wiecits willeh~ weoll611. In W t'itler ., reirr if tienluall Id fatew At Ios L

Pe'~lwcilig It. T114-eVil"V'te1' Will (fll I, tile 01111`11i0"I'i l1 acea.'veIyA dirty; miahiw' will ottewfor' tile. igme rnv-crn. Buit thew hac-:LJs~r i;I feailurs' i. rehstivvy light ouid appemr tohe unrn'aueei Up maoitr elianrex it ha.menriwiaI'ro

Hioweverz, the ge'netol sehje'rt of e'nopolls 'orfarnmwuv In iXw'e' Is b.'ttM dhNWumdaunda, ase'paratei hoamdlg WleI he Isar* OW11uue'uiow1 014. l at tile e lglinlilm of winto

L. A, MAM Tsuai Q r.7~tNIAK). NMU m I*/&"fr TeAIu do Kfein

,.4F

euibbjJ'4b Mt wppoi ~I"4 Lho mfet~.4 hu Wo atrbtbe to ims-fc Putinta.

from theka.' bond grinilj inhiAent, aodaln Xaytsnpis, evn unca dert. wethr~ mof temperate

- - jtinoi Imme . rpdiate spsh~ in~ aptu~v eto i llo tl'nonnto oft the Pl~rfi''t ; 0're'4uner PIJA, )IiI* !irojnt*iu ors rarelyI atootl to~ an~ YAisits l Ptlih:. Vx. If a wrZpiI 14.U1*u rom ofdit the d~a ndgernv inuito s ateo ot li invrmrnt, even irnlip i nth apt. to mpralteifWeiostlotA aLult, ormlUa~ rownidr-igemn It, rrurit Mt iol'.r'w t curtef-t ieit, of tero isrc. A1h110erwen' i t hal h .e %6 lirstik!l pitg ituInfrwCi ~ w wyI i i

wiAt Wa al, *A~ trsope di5g I, tho work IW mvtiodw~n Vi d rety I O f- tliein I. Mennlhe

have. tei~i, tb.oldo.~l, tuL fatVull &Ido nithe Awlslilut Mlfol-11 art. W'hem ont' sun~ag'dthat Mvrrae cunnotvii ualan thein sv'douswy Of the nuiay whissm Wniid oompnny m aiuntooinuirad, !to Kura a0h'at, %irmpilyh ao it, wia h airmm cuol epwithruit a0 gne'cblca blxok a

4 ~~~wheun maurmpr'gt stid digguing were' conijilptod, andl prior ta engagJing the, eneiny. The.4$ pa"me h1~inmuu, fnrt~r Of tenwI 11111441409 Xg~ilrt the' C111ncw thnit, tile d'fi-e"iVt POSItMl0 1 .

* ~~will be pnr1q4 Ily eiigiirertA (unhe'e'rthere hin all rogileer detfir-iftlnt,e' along) So that .-

mites evn if arie orwirtl,-will be laidZp,,ZzZ';z:7dvot2~Z Too much work(46 ii itiir lllaLmwrn ur

hiifAntry actiouu, stud nu Islla.n,weof plAtitudluialuig MIfmI dhe, vaelue o Ofquis ;ilapt, van

Put lubrirett Ion 1. it differe'nt niatlr, and1 It vi til wII'im-'ition Of hoiw a~nd whenato Itthriet'as whmichrla (usti fthu preatroa part tit thi. vaeay diistri'M with) We'AimhA oj'a ra.

i... In E;ighth Aerny'n winter racftmigil, Il"('flUIE w'jIodis iiid ilatioinoi and Iindividual MenWOM t-~ it pilfttY mucth t4) thiacr own deivwe', with no oane to'llinig Clicim poiltlvitly what0olsoogle * lor1one', and im1 oant- Irosac a hilgh le'vot chocking thes rvtiillts.

0Theo (rduuaie'e OJlie'e'r - or At, le's4t w'iame' te'diniee e'a;so*t from OrdinanseWc~impg dnvwn amorig tile e'nmpsnie'i durWXa twild eiln-reutin ~. rhIt raheA requJ e0 hi.working lirnwle'eg.', %oidi 0wreIn te ici oitr level cif whsichtic hom to~ P ure of his dista.

lissilfay am isufanitry in ottile' In twinewni'iv1, thSin whgile' pmbti-tin 6e xuh~eitf to (ai-mitre! MetC apitesitia~o and Control thoeili thr, Auloey han rver givi-n It,

arokofar an weason-ie tire' coeriwi("ii, IfiKPiN'o euanteiding witli meleI fr tile finset time)In g'unioIst art meuch like' tloeipax undoeng~ipiag thesir linpt isthi (of tin-, Theuy have' to loouomarooatyielimb W~ thi'r 1511 launk lip battle - Vieu .syesldqaIiout jmsxlanion Ofti fia nd the

I ca~~~oi'eioation ftv all men amid ve~aJluis~ teiwWr 1at emd, eils he wdigoNaew'k cold1 In iteolf1 adoidwvin to1 the onumbing of the .rwtl udigo

thoUsht., and thoe forgeitting of IheeInx Pnlatve'ly we'll Ie-arntoed Junior Ie-Adion, plaguedby d1IlWW'a~ie witl hsi tholpetual we'aputis, will hardly ever make mvaans~uI rvey of

3UTlow"

the' wr~fxnm situmtusv witl~irs the' imnf# In the. midst of mWgagt'tfut, or &fiurwad vlakealkowk of the' eamwo of I allumt<3 tncrw1hm is no otiern hour when ohcm guidanop fromri the spcetalfrta wmAld "eYlaxwW diVideridi.

Tr~wwA the. nhinimixing of tactiea~1 dtsairan~teqnonts thrvouati wrapono fsaflw'eswilthin the cormpany unit, totsbbpliang the follnww.4 proci~dw'a il! ryoeumrinpndr for

-4 e9 '1%r funtirttn of pre',.riblult how P.!! orgardki wea-finns xh~rJ be mait~rkt5ed(uto lulriycaiariev, p.'rJint firing, W.~ 1. in confurmitY whbi cshan.v' in the writth'r and

Vie wical~u situaion~f, ashaaocI be timuipass t as a rivponklt'dit v of the bRt tidier. colplawderfr S ~All phiat~uon cominilri~iers sloo-'jid Itie rv.;ipdwidI'a. ti,.t ri -~t4.,k, Icr thrt and,

to Penid forwarxd ju k iit Lhltfl c ixoti' ohI'Ct'tij rflJ'Ot 01.. a:1 twia'rns j~ustovo, IiiclWflng41 charawtrirt ica itsilicatitip. w,'.kne,'- or rIuj~gI~brWa in any of Ohn weapo,..

* "'11MIeC rf ;X1-1 11HmI~euld. t'orr-lat-n1 by thle Ordaurvirm Otlicer for the iolferAL~roof the. rcgmint airct b;ghcr e'omnuinds.

a Thes Itiantry iqokfiw. should be tvnght that It 14 n firplt dtty during.combst tofE'jtort any W~exponl .adlurv to hip rue at~t eiula tior am quickly ab thuip may 1Wdoe 400vtoiutextrxnrd~inary rihk, but Ltsdt thwe aliulid be dlone q'lIvtly, rather Wuan cried out tacrossthe battleftielId,

0 Within the' comnpany unit, there sho~uld be at pmi'-combat critiquei on thepevonnraneem of all wvajxui.'; the time wually avuils for this, andJ it would be done ifIt we're mrade a roquirement. fiteaI'

0Anti-levit nueroure- in prvniemonear hould he' "'viewed to deter.mnIfthe' ricommended proo-duirr ame Pound, in the light of the winwr axpesiie'nc

in xotva-

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* - - I ~ HAP"TER ITI

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- --.- \ >N COMMUNICATIONS FIL

LoibaO 'fttlOX

It sheruld be ateepird ou a principle, tu be Ioi~oud und vuinngly, tk41c~whm unitsdur'inq, the od4'um*ie *rui so4sW all 61imes pide on their fxmutcutib*" - m'tritimQn "iwrint'oimalig etwturk - rather th.an til' 7,tfltIIei movements P) be 17*ie,-ncd byj orl~rarsj*,vz!uali"m of thr grotnd. TIhis In to puy th~at the rule is nligh invod.k.ll thait high ground,and itt *dvangrow,*.U held of fir.o, ha~ve af .1hemiwlve no virtue' if their 1~!mse~io)n by thaviI&AIIVIi Wv(.;6cij un it mfcfh emis, mqkiuis; contart %~itl% higher krvvcL, thux promoting do.-unificatiol off tlae gaierud11 cofuisasi.d. If a bod ' in t.1,' uitaAk, or for t!'~u4 insitV.r ^ piatrol,i;oveto out, of r~dir) or oIther contiteit wit~h itz support, the Iineziugvi o cont.et should1 bea ftil '*¶'ivnta eignsl thitt it has gone~ t~p lkr, cr mioved i ut lsot o'nto thq wrong line, sad(he comr*ling oltijteet ibou'd We to so iiaoves luiiae~dixty that tevutnt will IMq treitored.[B~y the same rule, whe'. commndnlt~ anxignm olijicnivris to b(Idme in the attt.ck which anwat atirh tflitantie or, breiatu~oof the intrrvenirng terran~h, tqf 1,n crdirtlt~f v! r-in-ral voarn-mui~ncitflims am t'c strAin them to tho breaking posint, it ;& in e'rror, snd subordiniate

onunmndar eltould have' it within their mathority to hold up on we~ontiary 0hljP4telveswhpte oommoolatJ tinsM can Ix! tuiaiut~ained until highrr iuvtls are t ppriaed of the difficultyamd aunzid ordprospaeordisigly.

It is Ill-lievf'l' tlai Mll of thi~s Im sound praiwfle In tactics, and thatt control is 4GdrFpeudent uait itsa h'ing universally Applied that only lbs most urgent aminrgerwyaoiupiderittions usboculd warnaitil Any .'exept~in tv it.

But. It him not been fnllowred with uteadfami, cunaisite'tiY duringE ArmIy ciperatikin Korea, thaough the lpt Plisriua.* Divisiona has adhe'n~l It, the Prineir'e. Ini tho farlywinter tighting particularly, while the extenjt of (t Itr ii sveftiton wau unkstown andkatI becrme a subject fur continuitig exploration, the lrnportatN -f griund wu soacetodout of due relation to the equal, or more vital, need thott 4nitatt be preserved xt all thamstowMa~ wlift, and bocurate developmnent of tlW Seneni1 satu~ikaS.

agtmcy

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'b v he advit.ncn %,f svia1 tisetleal boill. w", Prvpre4'1IttA4 beynoti tb~e wwrttithislmits of writr~y: they i%-.re Ibeiv dr hiyed furwarJ brytind qxontw( he1coe hisihor

~~ I e~umnuetard htod nny valid amiisi .44 the sitwugtj-u. Of this ewPr a promt yhr, -.1 Ow di*.ftffg1r1611t J'Nowsv ho*. II Plo 0VOi 1u1i s. tis p I lor~ eat sit u ,urry Otot I for thtaez

But e'ven wl..it all rivvrinw;it In tiuinted toy the prinuiry ii-red thitt a11 fighting

innurasLwn for tho w.n.rimp4L!' A bak- r-nZ 4hu~~ii;0 a r isi uii, JIMi Oa

couickly kituck out trh'~phjnf. wir'. 111uk-"d. th:01 "tf-rpi owl ftiquetitly in flight rfgwiaenett

PTUOTISCHNIt'S AlN RJGNAIAIn hill fighlitbi. or under any eonodkiun In eromba where ofther trehrzdea1 rt-tar of

COOMMUMCMItat1him, Iite hy 1. 1g. dextroyed by .hetiry fim or neutrallitd by ttis 1tmmiun,

t~hc.- azpinijovt. Lix- naciit, itimirudint witmrnin M'viwe Il the rocket. Wi~thin it few oemmon4, aun~it rn1rsy put. up a 14;ht w-Amioisi it.-; uic-r 5hn4 1ii'ai ouipport thisM zt in itideur niodertea hr.,or, b~y using it diffarent oul'rol rcocket, ~itigoa thut it eAm Ibeconr hi avily riagaejd. This*Pirwnt-tiry taigiwal not on".'- ham thlt advalltetgv tillit it i" alwtays ol e'm ntr"!ab; its nloorwpog tive virtue in that it rcdue..,q the tinie. Jag ill voinmnuitieultion by rad~io or tArphons.Thett, an! siotverrtl extirnplei. in the ktorvai fk~ll~ini whoortin the radlo eleity frun, front

pt*war ditd littri hagui to iket frorintling. ('14vmnt oil cihen fi, i o f shei queafinor itqedMdhtone. houdo inoee lwith the rektoisoruew;,d azt idt, copnies stuat ted eoanlt toe for t~iikertucetraicy purpoa pe. ovumer af thrwn m"d perod.~ii~hu 1f l4 WiZR£ upms

Yftert theaa~g, iliar of anapk' siginim by Nounr A an itually noeket aaaent, d thouy tile'CF dinyd crniob thrm'i offlwieerly 1.y 11001 bntnthint*The mrwnta, ooiigt have (tp~t the ms

pur.,e (lnnudaIid no aertbki frm ignioiuut .~ Mr.vye of craewal ona locing turn at lelt giid hathey ad nevear thetarhupd of torks i'VI'Intol4An i Li~d, knw Am t he, funlif bar romnaforahiptactv~l purwth. A ni'tnlirn ,tethow, stimul-W eoiianriin" hn gl4w44 th.vcl~ fs

of athtr iiujatimir For vtainle i~Ola5a l tbhr 1Wuensre luiettla( 11wke siotliut. they WOI " wt(I

h itoeke s~lnjialf are nt lhtmflwt011y11; thkey l ipes ite n ain! hAIIIr~l ou th t'lJ)f~uniatlst;14

they 08~1 be 1111`'Al'Ptril OAuily. TheY Will work when itithtina 'lwt will ae'rrt'e. (;estiia th#

8ino. World Wsa 1, we have driftod ever further away from th6s rAthrr primitiveIt..huiqua. But as mrtaainly as V4:~timIIIC 1R 4!1dmg 2flrv &nil iteiue t~oward sin irreguluzpatusni, away from rillit ajigninealm anid koward rit phase. iii which all troops oin deforme

wil hav to be piadt prtaaonl3,te&u@fnv fintwilb

roin imwl--asuy

Tq.IAOX14 a O"

Iram-majr mwtvoritAt rooq I KoeaF.thovw no mrarkedl lmprovernent over.A World War 11 tandnt'm. Tihe A rtrican wold ir ritsat~ilt flmirked ly d&ftcien, in his under-

of 11idlli fr~lu u wiae, ut w it. rhipuub lt oit i oin hir arU. uaru det

-- 74y Them isfni Onfulc W r!!enit,1?zhi t le~ adrn alofcr~nd f hin 23(K) yar

tive.Word go tmid t hos wouln'tive tor~t theX daeu.no.i TheI whren nrtins: helmvbuLfini so4 heI coLdn' Stake 16 as 6ail q l so i ldier hinh rutithe nit looj the witare arueedtihe aerage of thintcrving rioc, it i's'wi it fod lellt(ioi yardssoto the inln oes not. riAt tsoont the mpis ion tWsn rppdad (n emie oto catTsunt aftier darke, the stldi'n in AmaHiuaeg uon p~nyth Infans' etr fla4mnk onw2,h Nove rnivr iv...'11fa alov:(iruing it w"at hin dlowcrnt (i dr the A1in hO() yr of them.d

Thetlmwtt brui h ount ihn"~yrs4tMe u.Teslir w eIn la'tie rmandn and s.n hatktion w~irenegrn hi. dlyngatlpon iet-V Hng Cuoputy --~ itol&dno on whadnt coverhd then diotthini a h %in- wallt xing heoavay,waa P het vcruldnt ok aFti raigih'rt lin arni attac hFrfni ;qartd or lni thue ourn wtl arowundothi ndx of the 'in o trvvid'ntning rigon Tetb ithe It10)metitalshrot.cfteojet ttaPointeatL.toi, the MiRn OR pdisand h oing runniner miut, haf onact. ohr I

The Jmwn bruslt the coalumn t widt hinv. -3ti... lus' tletuugun.,Thed in any cast' tha uewwIM.afkont.v Nunt undtilenc frawng rhfUynew to ~ Kihg' fahill.igCopnyI ~ ~ ~ l.'arbu Ith t told no ti~n ne whntk theyhad wef n. Whit'm hinw aun few el, miat K ing honail

Men at ( tinet cclurnn thInet disipa mfarunrh miguth haveo saed tliters I thaed

Iteyitn Baulthr wt. he~ thems dindtIi they hiaped~ -" sway acri. Any riti to ca uhswxolacking.itoI No th untri th camp.itnWmoi a heft"ofhn om Aipea o h, teien;wakt l'vCnpanyalI,,c they told hate gunne evhid wha. Bt lot at*int aIn the' was nt to l-h

autOt.) who wehe cwhmidiu in tAr owhilhued (ar rr Laimn the rnpany, #lawa' t40 (7Ongch11OM

strick the F~irst Hiattulioti. and Ixuet various, iusaulmlauii,,s Iin time Anst-kma, mar.~*R I TIMW ia the aunt 1glaring ritiunphm amonS omy illuutra ting the roluctane of doe

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- mrinWlf ,tmr all that he. mwe and ho~m in bitifir tho fai33W? of Aeia

jjo3jmtindel toh. ?4(X)h wonmindrpapai~ iiri.w- it Is'..g a~ ores M atclsar~~w' openaw~, hut. m An Le low whwl rvtbsei meaor at 1P. kI. ,'us ridr ifh~ 7tff~f

ofcnitii a *"hwrlvl thaiRU t neg~pleti tof ~InriudI atcl~ishla v awf thn't uuwithr bautta itiaknw a te xi-n ev

It IN-lduralti 1m ieli u, si t i as fruna Lii.: ot ,wrr. A uftsry- l tlc rl t %.IIrss1 Wrdn t' l"

j-~~~~~~~~ylptn.'*1 r(0 snmiiiApintin eiivlre )Trir it.~k to itimvew~ wf'.ith If;e. "ahachanorperimg lout inn tac hunt, will nut.iid A'wordn to hI¶guV fim~ioniJeo id ~Infori'lm.

%Iml-knwthswn-lete Wl it is;fir'on atu the's a r'.arnt "t-,r eeevinrfatr*,np. ,abov the iiiN funone eiumtsi-1m ~freuni Ue wrirdy. Ar~n hldo hE' tsimptt ,W4'e "Vif "

firef.n iot.% 2 fliml utotit )ac wdt.,iglAu wivastirfl WTh5pis 1"rton I cuietids with fldiiiI Thlienemyal-rnvtohf( pladuit1ili ith 11d11 isn using Ao.w:rneri.rrlmw tiawn' gun-,n beandl h icaflThethalt thMRit f h Annrc~ieritbdaenn oonn tsier isd~ rt hittfi ow upqort be r *n; fire frmad

fiore. Houwi fort20 rpinuwe withod hvr ipi txcep weiiiaT(muto frmac thiown. peoplme knowti

battaion t manyi (lnt. td ei-otndteudelsoing to uhp- fiveufire. 1it.n sulhaedc'e le tatna ~ ~ ta the Airxrianp hoder wil never on the arid adrute apprdecitn sport platon f hll ifAdol

tisown tnuisuas eto Lhime uiny of combt howng vxd ixt wiig'mto leet. thvi Owin untl oe ktnowthai hyhd t45 tat uijeet trou c agtp h thiemy.eofh' ranig

Tier arcul many such frt-pirsnlruin, unduwrn tl hp lat. iesould 3Its of Itit.c i'r that

It imon rvivstoJ the nty of Comba iiuic tsr mid %what, itrequires hof hiutil tore perfec.1j~ ~ ~o Itheo paides t~it wlI Is nject' throughou the gto'rt4' rofhis risiw nisnai tfWgIt houv'N the muk c'ran intitrurindand the'iw flam. Ile kiloll heom ar ofitevryn day.C

* .~I in tl ri' mvtaltatu o hw'ierv L-.dl 011,i mntharu.tilot Iw Jsiru'ne thowy t digu tohae littlfoxholCe. Shul uvd iut fPhrlory wnn stirie to vnd oletriathe tw ieruss kne lirite wull t)rloinkwlathemlvti wall Thy oul l- rilns epoli h rt jter serssudy ha ini woire ad been Ir'etrr

Iy ttuePiier ofy *li~sonoervieit 01ioivawd tutisritel. to urur a,.t thatsvie tohav lnpittlef

f Jriniii (iftu theinhobject, Itg wif evuintfnUoiIenoughiifoill )%eittA wirej.' en tic, tornt ntbyTfac thlaria t OpurMioh oul r aniterapintgu iga firauevn'er h iatu' or, rathwoo the-I *uiUht

uaih fle rear. Thy w ostc uld lferi't-iito q~ruithe raiastouwe thue Oi, wuuai whk neu abletoy avuif (,%?rI~r~U It lbs it~mny Wv f menrey to iur to dwhich a thi'at pth onappin Ofepao fwur tatrni ofdequatwi re'oimrastanlfat fit-~ matersol, woul the cmavny.tl n wih

fattaisie oiwnunktionit witht fill exarwraity 6 regn arlitess of , th rathe, hewpo.to

p But 1.1wrwa wao also nepJwwt of sokie oif the xin-4pder devicewn foir Srellin the swordbc.Jung am the possibilities of nvlurt aignaha were g~enrally Ignored, so Iin Dumy unite,

wrih it-ndlul 0tp A riLfltilfifti', tCan Parr ~iat wki hin Scar~u miaipe noiUTh budtn A fewV o thc I i~r,~ s~ ii L4 wt b4 ilsaq rt c~uuld w Utvo. *thrno - i mtiaite Ii tu ft ti t lie' hlls. At, g w t h g msitJiptQ

* ~ ~ ~ Ihoev r,~ i ir peir the htrym orm 'd of ever ie.t410 b tigtl nid~ I equ g melt?,ueej iwegi tlu 'mrk at:~ ;xuit-aicsn~ rry a dut wit h I. jim td iett ii tirki P di.

Vidwilt WCo~w""i4 FrtAS 4,4II. will iiuit 1* i'u'uu.4*v1*( unto Ilt lith'ur cif gr-uetim'. iu'~clNoise of the= lhi:: rtiu' d 'to-dI"" n--i"'unvcrif. The 'momm!" m'ure Qfi whathbi is dointg mmi boem ingfrAinvi Iti the obeiodc.

WaO

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STRAIN

STIMOW 06OFlRATVEO4 IMAMl

In !he Korean firphtlrag, priares on the battalion, regisnental, and div~oeaisittaffoB eortinue rnund-the~tkk. lwcaiu~m of the difterrnce ina the armamnwt of tOwcontending sudc,, and the taocties wtitch the ewncuy baa' e!.f"7#d l!ITply in coni~querimof this difference (our .upenority in air, armor. wxM artiliery), there tom no such respitean wax comnmon in European oamrtiwna during Wocrl Wam I and 11. thiough ibe strf"is to..pa. &b~l to that in certain of thme Neitic atoll Mverstionm of 1042-44.

We attack mainly in the daytimer becatme of On general ehasivrmm of Owe Largei,the almoot inisiaperble 5e~-.tL-s In krwpinp. juzmtur' Iin aftes-drt.L movernent semmthe uneven grounid. &and the (art that1 tho eiwonmy'w meis" Vceaitnne amr well-eirncxsled,stuntly owstant, and vu~uwbsemb only to pr~tamon fire. They eounteratt.icek by siotto avoid &a stuikus tar vAnimzw art4ie~y oemcti vaeins.

11ln4ter Lb... eunditvomi when active fighting hy the battalmon and fesiment blikely to he~ incesmat. for three or four days at a tmw, staffs arm too thin for the p't&

of siuatun t. All stsfa arrw ryrrworied for lark"!E e'5rquats- relef formi. 11W routinefor lb. averagw ataff offimir and the eognmansder at t~ww Irvewmt in a owrnumsa daky oflLbit: wfI.2h trokra him hor-au. wis-1 Liu uibu. e~a~mrrd ci rrimlue'nt, dweision. Mfollmdby a uiigjt in which his twi.4 nr-,a will probably be lmr by P- %* tase tae~rpon calls.So an to 0whe umxn mate#W., tht' wraring-dawn pnwww to twu&*tAut.

Towt'4 in.-rssnain our puo~ubihium of rounrd-the'-elo k tnwfstwn.. ;n futawe was-far., we, mmno developtua a d"ntw -M illuminat~ctio of the battirfiwid dtinrr. nitht

fighting time so tht we ca" attack harder "ra Move fatter.The Ko-rt-- cipriem src t, that auny such evolutmous will be pro& itiwv c(

urabearable premimursmnle the broadoama of the pneent stUuetum of the opwatiigaidf is reeopised as mw 4 2ta hMt iwmm

- W BEST AVAILABLE COPY

Asi now @wtahlix)Wg, the otaff In much too light for tho dontands of C."wiatlons-over a 24 4'riwi day TjhuuJi t. b& s~monirr~i amdox the tcst ir, L~om~a, it baa dtnh goon raw flw.%r!- That, shovtini mtuW not fbile gICiven1 an RexisBrad H-1iaenim. "n. [

-- Cf11 t? 1 01;tv F. r il. th ai Uve 7 7W.-Ii -w!,iu itr,, it- ti lvhnit 'A 101('11 t1 --iOig~tr'~ thnt thecjlita o bad~ly c'y:rw(,rkei aund stri~ait J to tle breakaini pouint.

Thoo twaitidit~u d'aerilbed in the precoediri; mvinst po~aDvide Lho e~ ~neid vAInoI-ar iff O avigP'~~f javahL-fl Wiidt-1 f~l' lI3480ry ft'ro.@il olk-ravk Iit I4Viio.

In nich~t.mfie duft-tim, innfi~rtry in N1v-.-t umudlly oV ra.Wt ML t V) 1peprct alert,at 105Ai ill 11r lic n Otty7 Ohe ia ohlvt 16 jcavtrit by 0ti villilsaismy Cti~aa~

bUt. tj1 :' MtJtIih'', tSf W4±PA!h tjjd' Itgl-iit 1im*-.Ut' t vati-r front iti it tc, unlit. an'd inirnqwocW) do Itht re-mulha (uliuffitorny, thr 11it pmrc~it Ft ,:dnrd of uwit fuliritsv and readirwm16 Urpuppiotd to b- i'Iini;Iatnind t;ixltuiC by) fux1holt-, tile mnenltwr$ Of tedti tW0-trnab tA%'Ul

ful airtitl tvnded v putoly gu h'iri In witl-. extrc M-Sunws withif th 0nk1jui1.=) l!wn~atd o o~ w a lvisngc tiwrr amin .u pelit wu, -wcrwolyt aisatoy

jo. WlnA cJt orirl t t nr =.. or tvx~ 'ntnqp torwit. a uid~ ib the LiltyTb.bagir cwi imnar .hudf thefre to rimuiA viiunt throtiC~ar hou Other ocquimat perfully Ih ulu~~I the 6,mIto wik tr lntvt'. (nio tey rarel stgrery ( bani ea.) Inlneath e 11o inot onefull tle qrt teit! ,t,, pu only ntheir study i exWrinici withi could b isicepiacd !o hat ansAcieaghaid toe dotis-t whk';k Winti ting cLteragw Thrius expedient;w npeve wholl y san encty;it whrcc.Ilueves.ri ith a is. of behig enusdproo durhng isbr sudvii ben iniieb thAeN enemy.iThue ha netwwtre 1th rab-ng. andhar V i~iiewgd'iwni, pari~ o eu ia whnuh file war'pnt teulllcitetifotned. It,'iti atpet acok th nel a nujrt hasrdrew uir riodi oirr.~' theaoughSIm andtC&

gekive hsag in under deveqopnprnet.

Attint.son inore pnifitai~py could 1* diroeeid loward the. ques~tion of whe~ther Lbe Falert iyt)-ni-ti, a&pfalliwe', is Oil 1" b,.WA wey to orawn'. ithr Irnn;xmisju (Of a Uullt'sli fghtingpWfxli# &.ga.itt4I ti-r hour of u'~sy.In t.i4s pn:: f 04. (li4ft-tly, cive Cair,! PriAblemfor Oru oorninandKrr in Ui avoid tX-114*: Surprim-d ~s'01ja' at t ticmalnue 1.1114 V.'.urilis that th~e

±~xzinurn of hoi f'.tiw will o;inrw to Uir fight wit iseflruVg;rwrtedythri'runiptamitw. liaumlstenq~ (ti LtaI Olrd by ti'all ueahatuil:d mn wi anou invit~ition todefrat: by ":.ram Udiken, & hail alert by a furtv of half -euhi&umted jisse wi not Whe uxost

E-. ins~wure practwv it some atiwr methaud *iki rrt-gt,n usit tiilidily P1011' quickly withoutineaen'iwd jeopmray to the' p0414O#1.

Naturo nju no more he cheated on Lhc front line than rlsewhere. 1Ue IRamufindir*0~ indfirst aUat even in a eil.41inipfirted uusit, an order frow the cotmmaudertMatl his uawn stated hoi ~Wresn alert rsill 144, innule ttM, w-vlt, IAth' Oweomaiasdi hat bmehard pui~wd. The mwne will uewriet the order, (Wi the' asgrfar', they *ill appmu to ha'

&savoroommee

T.

.1 tIvt utu.tv ~ ifrat-~~j- itI41 1vtl to t ir U5sr

arompY,%ving wlt t e but welhl thE'~wf! go;VCM o they 'T Wl h av eonltrpsed a:et~1of tie 1iti* o

pithauxtion by hard Pioretbiz' ar'i dir~girng. There 1M~ Dman PIWIRAZI-1 OX~ffil- 1nUlf, bmh. Of &II~Aui;J4aast-0 tilmlif Comrid 1-Y~ ext:t~lon, hN-'aRg hlit Withirl 61 fw :trimuWa 6f".~tt~rir hito tht; suck. and WVtlIni.fh rpurplt~a i-lo j ' t.d.

lr&#4L;%ive. lIn the pre-m-tic (A druir~r the Lroidn a~,.man e'xt~rA V ~ Itown &.ahurz 641; aliA-1 rwi Int(4f Wep r(Puj4J W krve ax S av r acid still niot be dnwuiring.

a Thtwe Cuisnw(iIva but acr.attch thp Purf aee of at *vcr) ~g ru!u~jce. . 6-i sndeidisa nars 1hIltejroui atudy of the sklert prvbL~m uiodcr buttle ann~ifinriv ba".d Lii'eu Imor. maitir r.pyiroimul (if the p,.uweo of %he invivid--ml

In tho advxnor during Use eurly dLatylight, or on tho precding ovenfrag, the uniltonanroitt'aJ to thv *ttt-vk i. rrw.'ti-4 in Ut~ Li e~ (11~ ibjettive. (Illere aweof ewirm. rn buror.d exvtiona tUohtim, to wheni tile infantry is rwiung Armor, amkd thean;W.-Ted columni 'r. UWd &A a Sperizssdbuird it) 'I .e w"r-oihich it oujpporlc- wi"th 441"~-Uptar.) The ro jecti ve ix up-will van enurlty-held h ill or ridgef.ine. In the averae situation,the fiiltitng r~uppdy of Uhe buttulioui iiu tlk ats Kek can lie moved by veliielt am fair as tue34), which mcost frequently is approxifmate to t~he borsi of tile nidgelirac. Perbape Wnithe timec tile saodn and tile sivailnIflity of viotor tranm~rL~r are sucha t~hat the trwoop. &I"o

* ~can be lifted thalt far. When the ridges art in ezw~m, of 2.5-)-t( meter%, the hill base 112gerweral!y in defiiaide knd the trails twilt ii's through the k-wer hills and Ptularidge eatumteto the 1.1) are not likey to Ix, under a heavy interdictinig firf. It ift rarely ti.e- P~Ad that

*the line, in Ixwgaiunin an att~aek, ise in anly 'i'gr~epersiarsassd toy an (IJroosingfire. n T(hitsem do naot zir~ke muuch um-, oi autpoists o~r of rtwtomoni kirmiaawrn mrs-iig tUi vibi~ttof harasmvig and uzvrttadying 1-he attack Ix-forr it ib orltauiiaed and poing. 1They reftainstulid in clues' prvaun'4ty wo their mini dqggnp#, oand such isiterruption of tin, MUAttas is illt to otctor at leagk rnugr from this arra is usawl!y the~ work Pf a well. oited warthim~puti or livirtar firing from Ow en(ft~ral pos;tion. Onthe LX other 'litui, 01ar ria ro

bolaw-r~ation points is ext*14-sat. 111w) have an inmtrnc t for pirking Ow' 'tw high poi~t .from which tiar approaches tim bunot lIe amen; the OI~m ame utrmlly conneriqetd with a firingbattery Ivy t4*plmone. 111tM if troops are carrlion atwat omuking the' twot us* of grounwddurawg'doe advairtm, and tAke ris v~wn trail wasdsuar, t~hriough tile holt tor of a drawitautead of hu~gcisg oth aide of LI.. rldrP whie would rtintual ttwroi Inron the bigherCrowad, they arr quite &lot to lr- take*n by surprisir bre at long retire IJlit is MWofew

AtUi, Dthe attack unait uousafy ruits away fromn all trtanport 1xvaws.ut.proold (wwar of t e 6e w4.aat only by zuvwscI power. In Ktmr, thok hebaiptw

bx&ms wa 5011 resupply ratseusi to hlul~oP pOWMutA. ~ ult r ibm A 111141r. limit 1111belrwWpe expabliatim & assa. adpinct of infanuy asupply. Mohem an linfxacaIoyfn* ba

nbaly wftrarfor ueiuihui supply. it ii. 1mrsww' Ow hre NituatriM built uip againsit itJim b.nM to vadange 11ol pPA~wa. Vie w m fire vejlumer so a bswet~ing thrrat to rNWPp7

4MM 1 0L 9

dolwiver by 'copty. It Ist a puimp taqmwt as it bow m A number of helatn;*t~u havebgi.b alit-i ikwa In Kort-IL Whd'f tryang to yuppiy it p 9.mer urntir wtauk B~ut whsatthe 'Copteir can't (to tue-aiors oSf tst. Art,. dsanprr jio ulw.i us~d. tho 1iar t-p anti tbatr&44-(1i voihie).lr 1s'oauitati or or grwt1 Whtt ifimitlryivfitu SIf'c lifs it, ('aitI - tarwrdIin firlitiz l I'ir, 1ý1aaijei. 111011 0W. IttaUl 'l 1-is~ 11. till he u la d F a asia I :1 O f Fit.r e "re.~,vi what they Call fittn diuring 0'a Ci c rit~ Mftagr of ro'~nr.If tiii (i-iiasua sy at SmileIby native wiaeu-rr ti.t a 1 :3 ratita (fiuar lwa'rvr~ fer 1e'eil, tilm, f1igiltTka, tht-~ Stnttiist ofamTmfuriti4of ciirrim'l u~p to thr dprietive ground can 6ss approximnitiry dtioli;d. Fairthsir,

ttlinwlivdr kia tlao 3fioriwiii, it earin tak.' fnirwgrir a tnr' vornteet'lot 81.1161.1i;~tiota rewrve',the d.'igz'r of h3pdripndtin; od hor 1-m-13 hr-nd,~ axl- r..-dI toha11 aluty r

I.

palino in' ad to win prnitid, osad~ athln preui'parw to hould it, witha rude fig~lirang saujijaly asthirty Could mian-4carry over tile lt-it f.'w thoaui'jdit of v Jr;'h4 of. uphil goin:g, t-JON! o! co;

by wh~atver fift' ouJlol-to. waA rt'c#ave~d I ruai U. air, Lite% artillery. thfm WAi.a~s thi- multipleumiluts., j4d Lila he~avatqr mortarm.

T lo p a..nrd louis. which they would Imwlkpukire 11'rwitri wereT on the ave..rapaa dw-sribed! un~der the hepdatig. "That Naturid I.An't" ins Cisspttr V. What followsapp(rtA4init too Lite exp rrwnc~r of Uaitem coniarase. under .ontinbst csanditiuf'l, tile effectaof fatigue upon them twintieeqt~nivl to Prra-irn exertaimi tht-ar attitude towaird intrencb.melita, their umral ligruits, their viaorake-lieakuag postat, 01"d sWrnke otilet iactoru.

TIZT MOSTr MOT& 00 FOOT*

0 From Uie dwestcaipki alre~dy ppvtr-i, Y. .altoid be bi)p#Lrr:;%t that. mea infc't~ryearier~, iwtmct- Lay light a rmor, would lw o! no Pjirtie'uhJ~r voilit. in. Kotrulz (lix-atiolls;it would notL redutC- inft-W-y m-!u~ltIig niaterial~y in thse nP'ertxvi tactiita 2it.uation; infart4, it would alinueet neqver be. of une to inafanatry in tLhc tiam whseu, wda'asaciug loot troopswtve fludangervid tpy eounterlre.

Tlea MW of tile vekitict for 3Wloterting inOmit while4 trtIFIR ifll M-Si l ~wcwoxl irw to b.. oona~vil nd rpcratd~y. Thrrv htLw bten itto rapaaih.asnt. unr (if ~mielySf~Url~y apaautt cmur roAd citlumnia in Kurra. anti laaem of etioruy air ml List n-ftnt im"ostimOf O(4xtjw,.- Wfistt' aur colurrnis tiny. lowa's arr.!tvu4;i-d (SI li. out tj(,it 14P a d aiw iravii tngJisehm trinte Avlaiks, te etwiny. chirf wealami aau lvijsa that, rtwhats' gull, And Saftlldlyf,Uar mcausa. A ca era witL arnucred ludmi would pmvi~t infaistry frrot~itu aer Jt UametYta. of fire

Houwe'ver, to dnip the subject. at. thtat pw.int would meatn only that W"s haveappreachued it from tlI %'emjag end. Whets nafafliry sea rwolutrin le-iaW~stw otanvoittM~ toany such unforinaew wtutijon, it in slmouat siavmaialoly that motta'tuosim of - conmwin4Ia uatake liaaing occurred; uu~ciaj inrovati~'t ins wear vmtitat lo juxtafi-d 0:1lrly See a^

UJfaO guisamt Use ?Pemtituxt of cwummmad riTurs. AluevovsY, tu put uilantr i afPnu.malo awmcr 4oem wAi guaraut~ett that a xllumna cans travel 11inpugh a iiwuiyetWgOMUI *A .in4 unpaty. $Simvotmw Lm. to rrouaaus. o4AtI4, orkitot, l~.ieviou,, anti &AfLit cmuWiDd is toa IN' mirculata sid mW e fwumflulle. amt to Ise kept uivde miua~iL The

snow bollson-

Whn-wkhltied 1nd npen, vehirulfm fit thle coluinu will always, mratIin vulerwrble, &nd, Whoatthcy art knocked ('lilt, by fire, will Wcuk the a'h~n tnd!il t avr It', utaiade2thew" oonditionit, iinfiutry rern-lino, inert. jte oij! to ipI~ irotpjvl inowwle! (fi ft~yiJ1jW'-(mltiall itlllllE iov!INl~~ fC'l ('14-pl('tiiZ 'lit RP~~ini jt thilef ~I ~' A air, Iii spjxt up tilewlkolr~, Its do1!rurt.on ewuIr brong!A~h. uabouti. rrVV~xCT.w;IvT aiw 1st' frunpiFiy WonIef of R&s

ke-i~cic% e-ri, prWcted. Any' hing wihich rnight. militate s~eint iv!;Lnrr holdW!, Itaelfin r i~i *tion (if ror,.tt~wit eadizkira' duning: moveme-nt in tli.,or othrrwi"., b. t~hr~foroto Le cjuzz.1ioned. Deplevrd nwn:~ ýks!-!e!ed Mrzd W&W Vziii izujnwckp and UnpTo-

t~.t~dby ~'pdiwill-, WAI a fnir targevt for artil'Iery amnd nldr attsack. iEvre so, theyere mvt m~. SulittidV Az ;. w~d ('(JIulnl of vehir'km, Itowever well arrtioid.

-r,-ojz;Jdard ldwikt 'J%'mrea operationot cormnoserI apmtwial set of coridit~iort andth~tit it higridy inipy-artictil1 to ',;cralize oa Uhe banki (if ht "nep"dtc.

WaJihafr onl .1w 'onltinent of l1ju-i.p( wouldI Vie or it (iftor!n't order, one nlaiglt enk-iaagesituatioins anisng there in which tun armore~d infftntry carrier wonld satudsy a criticalnterd. Mitt iA lhert, rvxnnrked im inat the~ addaiori of nuch a carrier to present vehicular-xatinn inarmtot b- jur-tifit- in Ow 'tight of our iKom'an cxperhenc

MARWH TAMEI

In 'wean- op'tý.mions, the cornpany in really seldom "fres~h" when it crosses theLI) and bc-girnz its attack ~upward sgairist, tile high g~round. Even an advanee by kotortransport t4) thlat point. ttikmi gnmething out o'f nwn, irinct then jourtiey is teioup androughi becauwia of Ore nature of the counltrysidel. Under tlie bNvt of enidit~iows, k- mak-ingthe approach from tile bivoutraml WT to ira LI), the caurnlpnny will umlitily have to march%aomewhat betwt.4n olit-hal~f und (1fl-anld--half mnil", earnying its own l euipment.'fh'e~ tlunp, conriidIrr, for tOr Korearn terratin , '.he potentird of the infantry oompamy- how far it. can n rova il tOr attrsiz caxryinv it figitiasg load and istil. sremasfl tacticallywxwnd for nighit defetas -' can be rteckoth-4 ;.; -

Cw rin~m cemwduig 44K) welte I (KO-22 yatda &etas dLbws IliAc ftghW4

O)V"w MW~ sA1'rsgiaN 900) MOMi 30004Wa) YAP&s sctua diaW-e 116W flgUMAgCr dISO 4Y 6

Om! rkiij. &vuainX I(E I t'M fiOOO-?D yv&avd'seul dIWaaw Mmole 6jow~ng

Raws cum+. '"W oawtry u5-0 "~eeWa daitanm Bonke irk. nit"eam AI,4*Ji'

* This scAlp io ;riuuiwd on tke unit not bring en-gMe by heavy cv occasinalkillitia fire during the approarb march; it appii'e to moverment mnade under the strrm.eof. the wrighitoo tarriwl m nd Owh go z) oal eppmliennion of erig ok 'tnwnt- Sh!rp fire or uddemIowA-* will aial rmluwr tile potzitial. Tiiawas are the nu.xinium diO.Aane miand ro'quire.cmwto within the range- of ~,siit~yol oi~~ t *spr~t aruizg bw

-0W Wa I BEST AVAILABLE COPY

. 4

SMl and 600, 1h tht' Su1MMet mwason tud inr. eulrrrei Mlid, fth' flv.ures should I* halvedfor tnarehuls at tr.0 hhvrla.r ~to'.Thrn- will br r~durtin dustirav the rainywnwin~f 'when rondi- anid trials arc, ftilidoy: Ifto* tinditleona will l.do lower the' Apt",IJ~~I IflJ:tlr%~.*t' .irilic tllor ridi ;.at I^ tjh W'n1;:t, 110 t!'iti(Tury )ii i

Iii ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ lu- ft1z'(w'.Lr-. .:-h t~ t ruso, ir. it w ''hnr id witih gra(lutaly

Wendin Plpsthan ravli 15-n eir twhe' ieai Aroth-.' %-fIA' iN oiiri-i of tyy setilt-r;, idgvesvto prcvii h Imism fo hn.#.,,4. .- S VW4. .f !"N_41,.:..

.A lip Al~uoy Of hora tarwyi~tjilrilhii-L& a InrloofMeirkedvoPfcn tothuv qrudy b(?rzI~die&bie reunlryintid; uneder vztirinit, woather cunditloeis,an

iiowi'ver, evell In UIemi erweptionnit inhitanmwe, whert' rnen wee isreie'd faftherI ~and oil e'wcnasioia cirriod heavw;i ksdmc, it wait nijirked thait a high lieretrnpig of hirdividli1oli* bla4rike4: out duritia Ule rombo hrol kev ht-e.vul- of eduieer phye-Iirl exhtuauation; in tile Cnd

-Sthc iN-t W- 6t 61 6rt Avuku'rd PicI4-n iiiatio, ChirItly IweiRtsw tleP *116k~ily VVMalso worn down by the CirrUnistriner. of the oo;urdtniaer~t

There wert. aim) tpi'odev.u of a dif!trvnt kvi~d, whritms flet cutnp~any tied advantedI ~as truch Ax (KUM yardit aerror coun*ry in ther course' of the' attae'k, butl where. the t10111mitnder mnade thix enatim~awu of the elktet: 1,I feel thlat wl. !oe't ou - tunl i thi, flr l, I

yards. ltc~iis up (1w firlit ridge, byv tryilvap(4 tlo ,ea. uilopt t',e' fuseeg twni-.t irlx nf the' W'P)up we had to Tetit (or 2oi m'0UM14'iI 1..'Cautw. all Oft 1je fnit-n wen.e poolwd; th'rt-arter, thty".~~ ~ ~4 rvon the 'exetA #it~ (of engaspgnaezt did not secm to uitimulata them."~~~~T 1-; T ' .he mlw 4allamy aa a whole, uagreed.

tIle. i!Y -fired IIO1 soldlacr, inte-rated in the Amerieun ult!t, li'rppaiod t* !VV4IphysicallyV to tile'm' strehIoes P0 hIe'ttrr thani the~ lve'rlige 1mani froni thin cofwltry. lie~'~%Wore, VUt ax quickly uand, * fatzs fativue'd, wets evu'n l~exn rtudly to take e aL'It, ;ricPatlint he filing, Oil 0tv. c'thtr braid, the counin-rvilind 110H, %his wst ueu.i ae~tNC7wd tomoving Wig dir-tauiotw swaft hild rnitrkrdly nyiore f-rduranre, ran aol aso teil toftspond strongly in (eloempency Mtuatiwws.

1'L' lale' . hrreforrbwtbije on a licendrt averoiging of infiantry V0111mf0lpy IWI.fO!Ii*.2W'4 IJI I tilt. #le tt*iaslaiint ljpiNirixwl datas. 11 t~rmnkento stecount udt that. oteld

during tle advaniw', wi~d while vngnged. Thce initirmatacen includej xuA' fjrtdifient

(0 at what 4LugI 14triagXghaekj litgli laid anio~sil Outais h 414 a-ais, (7) the relative ot~ir4Yof the ousnpany wiere it cli:gapd, (8) whirt hhr the' mion d ' izod off wheilti under hert. (1j) theeITllr fft.-A-1YJblrlf~rokwr h lerve o w. voljume, (10) the llIor sJpen0DPo"Vtv 0*1n(1 tWAetms ,(2 puatroi activity, amud other eaeraem"

it s Ifdiy~ddutrewwh nsit P~icd a Iet tinfar U, incasuto accurAtlW"9'- anyCAPacity. TO ustlabh only that a coatpasty mnovedi a uiartai distan"e "Ih

-.- 4 swop60"W

it ..-. t an tha it Won .. , du no UO dqaeoif.rmA oLPpyia OO

-h maiu ad d~iite W-1qj Vit drhn fln #&. thi Ir*... . M~ &-.I. - h .emi Whisk -=.

#7~Ta in allop thr oat the% tabein. Wveardto convoy.rIt in not IeaEpab I ppor) whatI2 @1

be doise by List% 10 to 203 Iterm-ni wlin w~ nu'MA ;ibjyjtwe~!yV find Uwido~,aI'I, butI ~~on whatowisiabeexg~~ec 1tebd .wo~ 'I'ir~ mi ziso Inf rw;'ce fitrrr that A.1zwrican

- roldier arwv I'piriztitiy mill ihyxer~4I'y 1-A~k- mmvgi whfdkvrr 1hot nmr"?wvAr molamm"w intrAlrdilif. Would havc put trimne Impttwn 'Jticirr thr-r. Tlhom, weit' wtikl-dsc'iplifted andPhysically Cud tiu ona .tn W MA , ImrcaaaW our beat auuadlari.4. TnuY woF WOU

400 Ott 941117

100 V -90 VIN

1 rm00Va 1b I rp Wismato oav RKW O3

I le~~d; they took an active Intusrrat In th* piti at hand, Tfh'y ,rnsugc' atrongly and tooktheir loswv, in admiramble apirit. Evest Ln d..fant, Llsey isecutt.. O1 t"uA~Wlv like Diem.

I~ Those platrinsoaand rompasiles which vowin overrun durisx lisp Novunsi~e'r hattle Wagood tnmon to losok back with pride as che mitnter In which they had inet the lawtjthat feelini was smanilest in thriI- Weiz when tOw critiqlue were conducted, and thefacto m. devol.hpe adequatoly musUdtned them.

94C

It i. so tiid I- epvgIotbt3r r

3.&j;eW Ti ryhsolyt*aol eaeodt earie f s-mljc;i ng

illA Jhu igwr Irvbi-nnth qualiny a rosogulh 1ufe 3t to vii'tine ttiy ~physicoln tiv

* *. wrh Pi czi r.n.oly oflit twein aom'rartl l nOWS1 dp t ~Of~~ tlhf& jOIuAL IM l~imit-11 at,o of th1~Ol AM z f~tigi. Th in Arm S buaye htmron'id CS4414110 the aurV i f COMMse' sl'jct 411 tO on tivu

- ho ('~~~~Cisg11Ett#siqtlv1 i, dI!oh us ' l :m, abou timij f n! I .t Thei r eij xi, odaItimntodtyp. , l Wel mtnI~

tile PV4'yflhe~ir (iii~ifn v kw~po e~invo;~l fromI runa~turlvtesoi j l ,4 l nf tilp 041111tAt hitghr opcwit, But. 16o ti'ndeirw y f'i thow 1wvemi lo-dsqua thr~tt p hy ave atouw

to do iiht (wCl.ROingl (if Iwilir thi4nIhar lwytici tk. co1'wridnthet .. logistcs o t~ile marc

* ~ - au. Another favk. T In on b omevaluaio if stoisbtntlwrv lit Inf nhtry ' mm ist imon theatiueo

io n wiA fthe (11101 i~spart 111)14 W'lfr t (if therd daointviziein thelm lariatieo of tha oinanch

Amnotlw faentor n (if eauitiong livf- harll In-11 flnst Vry hor W 111, )t l In th isttgeo

L ~war and bi wars post, tisot tOtcna is hardly a hilltop but Is pockeit4 with uitilitary works-of ent, typ or llsotisur. f$nrofs ut lobe' Ifaiegilizn are a 111111 (W'n1ftlry 4114 but are still

-% ~~~throug.h itir tceitinaotanh twslc, butf it Alono ightel~at ill- 811(p, *rytllkn'p (ott,* '~~I.*~~ Our frowrq will wiiO1Ti' Mlt' ~ tip on1 lum5 bivor~t)1P groundO, heesuor It Vontasn

old works whaich Plot be used Ito emlthostlnlarg tile defritiive pprauswirr, rodher thaw to' ~ ~ ~ k the hi'Zgiser knOll whsere' It Would Im- sicemoottry UP dig finish fuotaoleq. On tile sUrfolm.,

this n' ll aks Ilk ii'cVT hviar-1rm ill the' i'oaillavscl, tout surl, I.i Io tht ae.W er oneI tsk'~elvatifin in twoa 431 tiorve nw-ters hsighsr oir lowtr thMIl 11*3 04K? arigtttifi TF17P13 Won d#"eris

I ~~extrit ltosw's, ard tan euudi'u nieita-.i hatusrmJ iii ~the hour 1)1 enuIrsihE'ust. Mucli de'pensd

etc'. blut thee uen.nudr pol~r~mholtoIn sittilds. If 1114. 111141,4-1 1111 In tIlE~4luMilei ellemywill hilvm' to div ilokIu' M~b al.J.~~a In *u"''.;F1, wil 1011"t. '~:uy;'ih~ tbqt. ot Kglidng

7.' tim bii'ght, will Inemnoteae his own ex;wiu:. Thin rtmwhia, hawryer uncirthodox,

wooka 4i th1o muot comrmandcing hllW on the lancndsape. Therew in something to be saidfor thin thibery tif de'fe'-nuss wti.'? vtha oppmK'ft liLs n'Idaer air Pow.'r nor au &&.quatear~iery )i. but Iiti a quluioseaiinei cullprtinnie otleerwiss.i11101 Vo**

%16Al Lt(NiyI ovr' ('uTHMlffd to dig (tie e'ovcr, the work Is rudlinentory ruistiwr t~hemth~;roUAgldY 4"11w, in the h~iitoti tXAgslnz. Both Lthe tiobi anti t11, gi'e'un rr 1 7e' ?o1Ialtljb s

Sof dmep pita. hlicnuh tib c~it-WW Rb!~. fo cwrrwomt theme' hfndirsqx and ,oneulutentlyWpirenh tht.4TuQ1rpa nifnm thtirfl'lty tinen do atir own fortirm.

Th I.' ol " "-a u if)o i~rl0 t1) lo %nornri fighlit it, uoimlty at lift nlot. VisoICthati witimt-dtt.1j3, It WMl p0*14*t. ft atuiiqt. or scqur.Ltiug liautri; Ilt~prqsr:ll , it lin WvIttendwith it P111,1l hrr~lwrork of k"Publerv lull tort) ")ti tpb !-jI in frowin.J upons fy higher

O'~fw~aza~rlout in &pt to Lmi tojltrratqd by Junior Ien4'tris. in upper Ievels thers IsAFPNS-1 it' 114 lsts:vis ofr shreii litti!! r ';i~ rot+ 4 1 rt au.-Peietouyiall dian,'ious th'rimby Inert amdng comuehitio. The mclord i f the optyipsny tiOMP,'n howmvr,shown little attrition (mirn thin otuue.

Tnroopv an, not raru 141 tn distiributo the ap'dll thry linw vi wn Mi'rlitiIoc and warned* Cit~o thip .y 1 d,Y e C-L.aatuiuetim, b~ut thikt. fs.ivia Almut it 6, "Tier. (" 1.au.ha kieauuW hi'tt Wean-, awayway, ao why bou1thes?' whincis infeijiapo t h tlit tinomo rVal.IL6U Uann the w0rrY

Io1*11dr. Ais'o, though tinry mornhiarne pro through the roatitnm if cianotflage, theyrarely do it with &ny Pirt or entliuhilLmr; ti.. lxtt Vtht lit done In tit- 1uiutting of an o00a-ote'ind& brunch Anid a Rlitputick propping of It wnoinewhere isear the' 1wniftion. Not one,stingle rinfatatry rompany ourvi-yed iii Korom was eanvinced that ex.woullag.' was avowaary in Clip (1rcumtrotLne..

Coneidetv-d alont, thrmq nerming rhorteninhip. might fie evaluated as evidenceof ai lax vnibmbt diticinpiine and the ywtii'ctiuon (if a wrnknwetl in junior Ieftderi~lsp. f~ttit Im kioieroml thit. when th~ey are' examined aighiumt the( background of the weularc intwhich, our iuafuitnty in rageiged, they will li' rveear a' 1ftiat-lirid roapowu to the situationItPAIf anjIn the iesit, int4*rvnt oif Pin-rvivl, inve. extre Intior In any form wearm down

thefihtti Iowewo Iicfoefatid thi? ifoe nlia beJA me nsaured~ hagisitit thit( poi~e~Iie gain.Dimirng tit( winter fightivig, there wnn it fiii,16nitil um. o'f (efenoiveh V'wire, triflufnwf'S

And entmitrghementa~ tif any Pwrt, in frtnit of Qhe foxhiole line. humi wax 1)weaune themwmaterlstil wen, not hvaifthilai in adequnto supply, ruther flitui lsautse the troop. wrezIndiffereunt toward Wheir uone. The nmoterialoo wfeft. iavisilalgl. withsin till TIheilter. ileM1avve4 tranmilert -- fa? It wa,, rpot,'tir sit Eigchth Army - Could not haul themn furthernorth than Tneujon. The.lMlvnmn could mrarly affurd to ow-nd truckii biwk that far togi'S thrxe rua.flruicur Itema. Int ean~equen.'o, the defonpa h'id to r'I) In the suln, onfire unh.'llitd by niatt-mad,' obmtackw.

lit moim~ of tho loralitles whome our puirinett-ru werv .. aih the naturalgrowth %no a uurb that It twoo41. have ihien converrted iniieat~inti,., for um- in 'overing Uise

mainnj~p~rncea.hut hin as ddom if 've, doi.'(Par iusflantry flow tilltiut forgottenthi, wch:,.que; even wheseu Onse stvAil.d (ot awrngthriiiuaj tilt- dcoim ww*ith In~proviustdhhauuterlgm froin the" rountryumide, nitn did no.t think or it., 11111 even 1 Olef~ y thought,the alw-vnpr of working tools would havep inpaired toil. powsiblhlty.

1/c Tim in Puw of Me. Muwrnic di~rlst4uiary ivJakpUiriti tits Ithe Riphh .4rmy combat farit..;

uosavoyis inave (e'ht *MU nun@ of tUse to.A needed Wo get thorn on the madagi

I ouhrid ii bmo.kdnwn aru jtoowrtlnti nturno tartt rnt tiv ait ;ogtheroad surf~oi. Tbhe Mflt Ifts~ng tv the forw"ar !mtuthonit IF niiny Lim(* a one-wiyroad, vit!o P-n ot-raxioznal tuivi-ut larg enough to awornmoiati vuly one' of the' NWuiraiv~1dleirs. Off,-&flif 'r tril intol the' isomf-mldv Atft P'am be travr-mled wmi*l~v hy kt`401 t-Mrb(,

"- if~ all xuppdv tnu'xt tli- tranodohrr .1 fesi 01'~. lt%rtt hfity fiimf 1111 j,.,lrzmey. Vildi- Lhet'ew ooa1di-'tiocis, ani elwivik alipping nfi t eno'~~d itkiay hivo~k trafflw in boith dirvctioz'.' for a prolengodperriiid. MI3 ilioveiwmt inay djv-nd uponl th!. :*Vailrl1011Y.) of nu a% orF a fe'w Pb1P,4v'M, to

¶ cut a lever, dis a lby-liam, or buldd at new bedl under the- whmeveix ri the ailtrhed machine40 a)~at It o"n ;1411 C-ut, l~it to ari'' Uuivuh ou;r; ~i mkau Vr~liciurp fur ally Nuesh f'QUIPr4 hmw-t is umually quit~e vain. If therte im no othinr way out, thi, ciisetinitty 011Wclient, 11tW Pe'nd mmofinfr twoutifg for a Kcrnera fitn-er a-id L-ring hirn back witlh lt,i 1,teid-r-nade' ex.

Our failure to oxe'rcime a sounrd nreonomy in thm-. sniatwn is the morte conaplicuousin Kcrts Iwe'au"e of thre gv'ne'ruI lnct of pionieering Ircer in them forweud sonim, Nifoltimhes ill trP when an e ue'rtwne-y probier neimite~, the irfantry force must work out Its

OneeAlateflt complaint amony Infantrymen coneve'rring the intre~nching shlovel I:1 is that. it isi khout two Irsc.S-je "o li~rig 6r, Lhe~andie. Mien not using Vie light park&.trop* ihnt te hovel In their Ix-Itbets. An ismurd, it is of sueli a length that, When

out. two or tbi'a'e inchei, from the handle so that the tool will ride easier. It.illunderstoodthint an improved intreneleing tool, ithortly to be issued, lrtue a shortened handle. The 1

* ~quextion nrai.d is whother the new moidl is so mad"lt that it can lx- ramily adjutIM~ toClhe infor'rbn wily of ettrrying which a mnajority of troupts have adqptad In ]Kcreaa tolighten their over-all burden.

%MTHENCHIMSwM: DOCRt1S AND1 PIIALCIC

There' are tw'it seemingly oppoiuite viewes, both tvining fnom cmarnmirdern whosuceuswfully commatided rei'gmenmts lIn Korwa, whii*t. pftvide a take-ulf point to theiiubjrct nf the' dtwtrine ond practie of digging lin.

-Said one, "In thay opinion,21 trtCK~u movng¶i Into a ponitica In con~tact with thePhemy and Whichi they Intend to oecvj'y overnight, Phould Always dig in. I know of

Iristance-i where thin wxAe no; doiat ae ju the' oulfibe raoncersecil we're projmptly driv en off;whewe'Am it it& be'lir-vede that h*a they prtepared a proper defe'usive' pouitiona theY Would

Said Otit other: "I hasd th ma. rnch baittalifin which dtig very deep And luNWIlowholes, On miany oee'spikins they were' pa-ttiy wituaind ivy visiting isenior officIct'i. At1the' mint, tivo our juniot dannandi'rii would not permit our meni to (list litlei AllyEIN'JM't dian they coutoidi'red irserrwry for protection. Thf'y felt that a doe'p hole wouldneither physilenlly nor altiritually eweable our soldit'ri, W fight. efficiently."

Bioth statement. contain cht'meunto ofl a aeimnewhat. laxrer truth, iv, It In 2'e9Vv&Why thee eod The bhw-by-olow sttudy of theim operationp leavrF n() roomi for doubt

to at Athiatoy 1inmto with smwn xtaterrintr;a an: 1ad we ntdug in that night, itotbiit

Po I 21Mk. -

eoI. hv Fa-,% p"1tm6apeeiee nPpit fO MeUi nrn

in 6a i~ muieett orefeciv -tio an -it - A.

coul raveord emnus. pfseveral anot-%e exiene In spln. of Umpe dcx'tih ne well dug inli

bu,6cut of favige or at ri tht ptite at, wer Wit~ 'Ip iu'tod the truath ofczpevlenot"Whlln en tht ncrn litack it. amoreithwr rem theyt qil apart, dmpijti thei ale'Ttflh~ pcfidnc

InI Uit~y coldno t.hrn the ownh Ihfire ping in in~' Irpn airm.i wilty anhd for kofim It thei,, r

Butom ther eaure man moret,.e lexampesn tuhoe roand ocf eamp, whoa ounits hich aeromned unillird maind. sealbuiotl ab w en runpht ofdel tbyp thit ight we tre w hl gile

-- VKi1 hIts,beas of fthgere ora Kim; oth.--gn r eamnr whry thia lomss and inanutiatel hard benst4Whe-gn te, (Tomy catnaot hintrnl am ng bo th and they cannot n;'.r dspt their wayt inotetothe rimrock ofr.r grif-Ouna. evr~.P ftri ticin rover. pctha uit pl rltx~vwd todergat.ownia'Old -o the~ tconfidenc firom which om unity' of acin They ;wl te bestusws~~ o f suc naturca lml corveel hr ancul o nd e a (mof et andiva fsomathisoovrnhefoug t tbark. aIn many othm-areim tha p e n tem freordfAmixrie w n finten whicnd

mrespton. Th fnight ly a d fn~ur huy then twol sudden wsly by ath rity.t fretetac hly att16-. tokii 30-ai rng oer. Lnzomsw of 1xthem xide't were thepmarime lwtavy. Stll, the defndrs 4

outonxiped aTnx canwnoutae harncdsina byg lthd mcnd hycno.unlterwyitthe rmoc ofn thde bait of IA'+jtn pe ritionpa c~erd th~uit.. sbil co possred w tho preahto

tros anya suthe crngidnc fromi axel thfite unitw~.aiity of atie .oThoyrule to uitbugtaiusteriy of uuc nurlovor agacolin oue at the Inatyc mpayont aeesnd fromg thmis oer the iiprofou ittoid back. In many o tha ceontrcton, the enemyfvr pressrim aseter. reva bomteyndectripayton wthdra fgto gaotnd fsours; distane twoay,'. soldb asto rerpips frquPtl gatn

fIn ts p Purviuo thyhelm toveents mrond Tmathy abandokteir foxholesooand was nowitm tohie ridaum in'cutake 1ipotharenia whil they men. mle anwue inte oen

No ort, onthey faight foft li~eind pceratons, cour ntilt he nsidred wuise touprah tovrarituroops an ay suchrridls Theyma rta t oe lna fwnsliiy pofw thn fonxholetiot "nit fihtindAs ihleiqto. Let usr contok ogver thera ifnti ry co"Mpany081 on deese alogesZ a4 I.C.tn ridge-

*~ ~ o linei Asl thf-' wrsemy perit"Aerin hs wig n athcir loctissufightyfindratk tattl noueeu md ipawy rtom i th o fllo back, Uomel aonthearturs dif thn'ot. prrer imt4'r or wvn ay; thevyw

awreo theicors ofdiap bths hovimng los me r moay ndo they id fohoe. aexd bestj

* natur~7all as wat ty ruerrila Thyey coannaget tany sruchd onin s pruog, skid ofrm "S

a wnilt w'ithomt foaalsith on deforms is a unit lost, When dogma, is w.-.4 that ri1,4d. It

* BUS UCI

To --v p sl el Ao.trvtlimrirf*tfdofesk t~hlilo 1114b

theoa unatrTe lima hrfomre hasiII soniacta imp~ie entrblse ton that dfat o tro

l~to io~infuntr froirn : ourv own arillry aus io ojikeknst b whenotri' efnidl ligtIn ore mtwhe tni eornpnr tom apertion in ruric* ot Wt~r!i,~ pfttr.Tfhro tt Aoit bew min

onk"z. of bi tlb inUspectn wrbtnorpii'lr o-.Whri theyirik the eeas a

gee!thiwng, u ita corthtzek waild nt tole vden wrxal no d.trmitmrabto fltunlone"rbttctmuernauv~im prety. mue~rh tproidwLanyowilne's cntrl Inn t4,li dferi. aortillr , fa wtirvare laid1 Tin veJry caD teo tiehI infantr r-inJf-J4rv, WutoC (Iladbi Li noat acoro, mo

Lhr te excetio nfalt from oure ofn rtillerryi aclnda~n th e fmhenorrienaccury ofimp 46dat aortah con~idervd thtoiia ipecrneyin of cthe- in, Winr Var cau"e for Amafrwnt fAnifor tilei attck tin thpe Korea t~wfightin, iut. rioa mpn't a cam, (if "howirm ty otured infs a

th mrwlrai artiingit inu in paaaidtfit toe n~il ut.frv jursrot trnerudi of theadvancn Wanorybttlirena'e, -; hvftr arettly lvah rodamlyoa cale on to ol. suc ramissidn. The, attalckr fis

When ~hc xcept;orilifi ruvheninae ofthe l foarai n tile frequntryt T irictherae. of ap4'datia' ary onsideredth fitre mE haigioitm uray ofnde for so lona case fit avmnatoe doing.for th tckd inThe )(sercaf poimdthiir uu, i er ju tight andutof"O closed ron the infntory

fills; urin the enrtlly partag ofirhe, mt wther it could rhoe soivie ithriheral. PPMet.eThsthe rmrd arilrr Io in positin the Avrnll niot. ion for t hed twfither arv toimove fastralivi , bit he finiaatllry. It trip o rely thled stungI 1)h~ wuhil ah rusinfita.T tt is clibintowrdit.y ,iially, J t :: hin fittty mn ave clrsItie for wthEiniU1itry lto yget s withe. the

* artiller stil bimJign law ay, u the ito cam saf dii.,lrely an or .swhe~ s therm toe ibedingis movny gon the Psnrlne w toitlefrn or usatl vrigh tigh"to aidt.sdaondte'et

dors f therid Ulir o rwrn artietry fire. not pretni- to workm Ih= aoe reaches ofd athehiflle;, d Orn the cry are cfx~in t.hen asethell Infallntiryfo I fi anr~4 mum t~heyn ared rughcTby Nn'wrw fire the dw~,on'tn tryhem aerit, Not uat-iot , for time. ~tlly aq r ton more or stion

aiae1otw ithe Infk aktry. ttw tos rmie tormslwng the ttreovuk wier the' infantrylistclimbingCowardep int. ei arnllyte fnry. 1my woe wifin tlos have withnin W eirr10 yards, withithjarytiler ofl 1,uagira ImlawsIAy the houeranof mue nendm threly woul ahkt(or Suhe help.tis movfiagey evn thoug Itri lne as ti baeotringinti aglewshr tounds.

Thisr statemen ofn ;rtiler fin'. byi 1A.un~ In m X.! Cr~ aiagCompay 1,us

23rdcidental tosrglegiiew sril,.vIna Ietu sisndb Sot nkieaurddas uf hicse founit: Tin (act ",

th6wmv A MI yh r's' L esnfrseigbetrcvr I. rfnyhdaau

I'J

a azpjr~irtg artillpry round mi~' land #.*Ar and injure is member a( out own fore"s bnot appai~ng. It to not a ataatijh'. t~h h it is regpemttaiiie. Iii a ca:Www~wre a rounddote injun- or kill one of our owti forve'. we ame aware that 'there ate' many inure other.tvands klaiing the enitmy At the 01:1114- tinte. kFurb thinurA will fi,,u frorr,. tirvrl o tin e

I- - lic~ t.11,is1 ri7. ;.i Claw'. 0011JM~rb 11 tie t~r til ar~iCIJ whirba occurn ili h chym, ltlw upriortby art~ilery in 0a, gheabL 4ixteeat~iva."

1'luujt thaimpi~ts chrarfirtrizv' &P WIN&ud nsorr or Inn.m g'nt rat in thr, Thieatar.

whinn. (Consul~im'u have reporte'd auch axccidt-iWt4 in worcirs au rA~la thewe: "Wesaw thti uapsni ' fktrtki was g~uinit W 141t righst sit the ruiddit of upi. The m~in directly Inline dirp~aoedto vither sidhi. Ni ovir was haurt but we liud six foxhnlex huirtud out."67j~~ ~~ under K~orean conditions, the tmetjiral di,:tarwer~c ~twvi~i listentury end artillery,

aswel the diflcrmncu in fighting knowicige which oucha iiust have to IV of xiniMU~MSuftelvatlUr to) the othr, rih tven, r'~duecd .1 nto 1WA nu!!i: y. Tht* arizik-ry c. -jit

ofthe l&'V perforre fight as infiuatty on inany toremiainr, and they have learzted to lookat ground anti wealinon with an infatirymana' eyr. Cannrtserrit have At times rnhnrnedthe front linen to 1ptag rmutp and to reinfurre the' rifle (ozinpuieiiiis. Tuking over blockingpoaiti'enot in the' biftntry line, AA artilleryinei have' had toi Ieurrn h4,1 to deploy anldfight as foot iolthers to ohbjain local acc-urity. Olt othier orefsuiozla, whlza riftemcn weredriven to the ikrL:Ilrry poiqatiAx nu sd ti~ught therr to ueAve tile perihietel, they also havebeen umed tW morve them #usm. Ito one of the' most gtiroi epinodes (if the war --- the retire.

.1 In~ent (if tlir 2nd Infantry Divisiuon tharougha thee- ('(1 firt.' ga:etlot south of liunu-ri

Iit wait a junior infantr~y offim~r who sugw'getr the' it)% (if thr. AA naultiple-mc-unts AsS A tostrtsiet twill, a teactic which tinally tnablted the artfllory voleimuri to tirenk through.In a general situation wherrin infisttry and arlillu'ry hnvP h~ad no rhniee tout to workhmA-idi-glove, the high hdopTtR~lility of intivh~idualip o.! rill "rflka'and In lioth annam _' Mthe Inercamed eomradvth ip aide working. unity whivh rcaime of It - In even Intim worthyof remark than are the uabiormuj Ietchnitiea ousopepxes of them problem

&NOW W&1

raAM V.

-- .~ 'AM A1L____

~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ e -__ __ _ ~~ V P-

F%

A-ASILE~UTBL*1

r1OWnNO LOADiin the o.ttack, the infantrymmi carries his weaportm, ammnunition, iaraf'nhingtat!. ~!&d canton, and hnt-aid paek Thini in the tihike-dciwn irfantry In"4 in IFight~hArmy operattaons. lknaume of the awepnemm of the ridges, andt ht; fatigut which covm.of elimbing prior to engagemnent, isuch thingw mn rations ani Ivddinit, ~umaliy recardedAX "nommsi Lie.s" for the hghjtirw ngma, are not carried forward by tiho attivir force. Whersthe developmentrs il ht h ratupt'on Atid the aviultanity of support prwrlortkbel pennit It, ifvod arid toodroils ore got up to thec attack formc by supply partlis soniewhere Waong thenfcourso of the fiht.

Dtofte4a an not th rup haet aft Imtae bya stwWo-oi

men take thetvw thinp- in ;1.rtct, and w#'&en the prem.ure ir. iý a id GorslittaIsa aft aw-AivInormal wint, thepy 1)9014 ahtput what. th 'y have utmd4-tv:ri,.. JPuring the wintor fight-ng,when thee night tompx-ratuyM Wi.Tt MngliSIg hatwtei, OVaA'Awk"-12, .oompamcr in the &ttackverr not tlrdrequeritly commlrfitted withatit overmfitti or lwilro1Is, and minus ratliow,

dt*1et tatw~ V". Jnwt4' tv~ing thlat supply in tiwre .hngi might inut get. up to $&igi

until thi' f'ollowinst morning. i~-1'biy COMMUR,?~I %)ppeare fe., more willing~ to rlijk a timportlof of kmr frwin

frM-Itbita that, sit cndauRentix of the Snit an a Whleo t~hmugla WWiIui of &MMianW.imsupply. The length of the 41aprudsmarch w and the not-re uf dthe teftr~n mcmeaon~ly4joerznitted wepring vithe4r the ovempm. ur parks, or carrying flf-al i.epimi bag, but. razutyboth. Whaich it wax to be wax a natter for company doeuaon. The battaUon coummana -

usually otrove to act food &ad bewlrolln forwardc 4) comwimls In the alttiel 1rn to .idarknrsw, Uaowgh ian fot. thou detai of this work would frequwht.Zy fall upon the war w.

43 "otW %Lj

echdo of he ~ dlt~'tty~on~icd.As often am riet threw sfo. m wpme thwauteb lmItnqtanm'ef twryond anyone's control.

Itarkii utIteV1iqc^d i~hr pvnlolm and We." not de"UMidUM4 by the loek of food MWdI W'avrmt¶tl. TIhry bottamei nn one'; frrqimie'y they preanenl t~he erne't, bu~t iegitit.ve.ompatr ii 4 isr stuppdv r~t- 1VbI&I oLed fNAod. tholn.

F: - ~III tiwc.lre "1. oi all of the cntiquwe' of E'ighth Army iumfgiintq, tho,-IKI Olmia eit4&atunF: wirr man r t', n" ~e th.'" WpA~ lint. nviA mliiworInsitnea& inl which trmt*n took S

bittfer or ~-rompklarini attitude wtler i'making of thei:r eumtmiot itartrgaa during enitorm.-tlrimt. £ (Ie, unaivi1gu4 t~i-muljim wow: "Th mi. waa 8I1' Lb IbiptS~A. ~fa. it. We weri-n't hurt by it andt we'll probribly heive, to do the iaratt tbN:4g itaimu

"Nlt NATURIAL WAD

71it' 1COrvuL ri~twKITte ireitC'nt~d tlint there lIm a natural hoilt lrn~ohWd oni what WhVtaverAt infititry uoh1j.t carrci. in highsting Pu;pliy by what he hum ~diwover.'d about,

hit% fown 1,hymi-rj resmcourct" unl-r vpirvi ng c'oridtiemam (if anwe. Thhi 6e Ix4;t jutlgtA byokwlhat happe'ns witbit. t~je averari' inifantry company skft*r it hea- been t~hrough repoat

h"Ia;not s xe. mterin], am) lihx got down to fightinir weight.The infantty e~irwill mont ep.rry more thuim two greysmirm, even though his

BW~*tell.1 hills he- 6 Iae.difig imW ft hOt whore grensder will tul nmeehd. In f~tetjhoughjRnrean operrationm wec a gri-suidn-uatinu tvpt of -wrfxarc. there whAa not four.' cflo infan~ftrysoldier in tile wisok of th rE 0 I.Lltla Army wl to eons4i. Ienttly ritr to: more than. two grenades.

* ThMe average w~s t~lih;tlv iindcr two per mr~ns. #.inrac mitnt individlualm canrieJ only on&.*The f atiguc of the imaret wait t I i duterni n ant, in thitr rrqu irement. Demiiouiamsto Wit,

InunitiOnMeutit should he eCiri.m- mi~tte uxa~mlly with the companly commAtider, andafter lip' beeanwe ftkrckn i,, he diff not lin-sa. men toa CaRr more than Q'ey thought theyCoulduinmilt-h withW-ut iiakirqc exhaustiorn, It remncrint for tile unit to take cami of the

~ . rrmrve through~ company supply.For me~n with rarhinm',* the. gittsinml load w" four efins: for mon vith M.1s,

* IN'etworn 94 and 120 mutetm,. Theue, avora.g.% wera jonerwm throughim!01 ti~ ommands,2 oand Oirrt' w" no mirkod deviation in any company unit. %lint 1h;zda were carried

forwarnt for the mciraftaun d machine guIne', ete., dtt'pdenld alk'cl-Or upon tile gernerdlCircejmutnvi~tmi. ltteludiso Ia*~ b I'm Use omuliply v0,lrd.4 could. dulve forward rand theavalaebility of extmra arripma )Iowevrwr, in, the averreiag ntreumu'tan"r the marhine guns -

- had ~b to 4 boxesm of untnunitinn: ier gu'i, sknd tile fw;-mm rnnrtui werre supplied with- ~twtwmen lao and 100 runds. hSAlt men averw'ev" ftwtwm'e At and Rt clir. ltiflemwm in

the squad were fhawelly wdluig to cafry emsra aujtio u: the f3ARt nusm.

V DURDS11 Law?

F: WegsIng out this load of ammunwition, iosmug with the weApoij, full ctnteenr . nilfunu, emr, me'aln% tol tile avensagr infantry fighter in Konve WPA ra-W~ 11A1, liabnuldiIP1%of approximattly 40 poun~ds. 'Thu weight waes swstahnabLe, that is to masy isaais mu weighted

eould preuerve tacet~AJ unity during an averagne li aria nt ememy cotuntry, thiPS AnuWaY- lmmitiwnt. (A tobudar damusmnm of mtarch tn'its menter fire coididtuimm who laiclued--

F: ~In f'haIew IV.)

K.4

But It wax also ohaarv.'d that ii~uqqj tt. ,III-n who vwrv earmyuif wi';hta Infig(flNI of 50( poutixiail wP an one i)I' f i stragginari .1f orthe Lb'inarel' wnil half completerd.114;- orrved m a Or"i~ upon the' i novet-tn-t &q eter fikea pr'rNl off 1,n providet h P. wit?. g.Mater p",wtltv. Sr.lP!v bernuim- of the dlepnp jrnit.w~t-, hi an

~.4t1si. TflaIlirt1 It~h l-?ri'lZl9m A( tofl Ci~ Ii. ~ nintifr aiLr t hi l:i t.d of the."C.Itjuida tlia( P-rivilvii OIItil-I'e!v whaei tlir tual rdiwd In. ¶'latiri luil to arrTive would

Caitrr'itr, snrt~iar ion-wo; it) v.ia.-rni, rulid Of ~&t~hr~e Iit'hr1 tt ist t't-y huridjj wout;t 61IO~ to 1W -.26heu'diro : ni fli? ti, nan Ui irle'i..~ OS2 tit" rflmrl D.'rMausi Vi its

Weight. ~I'lic riveil!ri cre~wa airo did heavy lalitorf-and wrrt, latr i cising bO.?'if Ite Lt' lhu'411was extondoLuu

N-Ctliwa mortihr p'tlitkn; fiat-hr a.- a -r!i~t!-ifl In dt.filaii, on low rn-tijnd, toK ~tile reAr 6~ tilt% Jckuided ridp.lin.', thim waoe tiot k fri-quent ra~uwe f tani'LiAi CiinAnato--

flInt, ii t,~f Q larrart-cl.1. lIt" Pf'jltilt4's hNrilli, 1%idvol'1 only whe'n infivitry wa. put frI.acoiw co~httory ave'r waich orgauki tramilwort erulad naot follow beevitar. tile oountryW." Un-Vafded.

Operntions in 1{orea prove thiat De"partmenat, of the Army And offihe of Clhiefof Army 1ze 4ld )"urmarmi eoaern irr tif. p-w~lal-m of the inlaamiy N~inlien ii'wholly jiintifit'd,

* ~JIM that prerpnt Ptnff prori,.e-it andi lugisirhlJ arrangetnent!. fidi .it'rously at-ort *of thestatndard,. rf'quzit-it to providing ou: main fislititjrg lsrr with #in 'rptimin~ mob.ility.

Thflq problemn haa only it nutrgizal s~olujtiona. Iteannr..ahe umlvrd in te-fal. Infantryby natture (if tA. riob' in c'onihut, nitiiat penutuin hoavily h'urdepi'cl. The bes5t thut rninvbIlojw-41 for 1bm that through rteaniiiung (ut .,taff prove-ih,*sn anud ttappiriitions1.1 oTurtt4'?ial

and humnan rrtour~em we~ can inimure a Pyreni where'by tlt!' fightilig l1111 111 "114414 :olrable

tin the Inain.r waua '~'"~ !te ol n ih n hc hywU. Wh~Alen HamanU opii'rnlow! 1wroin, we were*f nol lw'Itir prefitred to initiate a Pound

economay within thle irfutatry force thnn we wen- prior to World Wair 1, di'xpito. theWealtha of t'Ajwrivii.' Vimal.( red inanflfl1idle Thr ari--,rd etaowm thid the ipteditioflaI7

to posaition to store. Mown of thus ;Iem, wl.,4, tlwfr WO*Ft ct~dizplled to camr weretunsuif..w to the st'v~on; others were' ur~.uit~ed to lipliting ojw-rittonls withit, the' pruineaula;ji&4! others Wearr of gurst,101111le' VnIuP At tny U~n~r in Any 11itwUtiOn. Furthsermort,duringu InF-wintrr orwai,:r e L n;therewa wsif mgi Vithtle' py tf within ko replace-.

I 4and wore tht.riawlyvv dow'n, earrying iinto tliv ThettleT itvip oft utquilimetit whaich wet.'

?O. e~rif'M by tho oti-bdal, units. This applie'd 4l-imt'C!&Iy to clot hin'g SiomU4'. Ih4'ft*ground, auid then rrvitmrd Pupply prim-urvm to t.-nfon;, with nt4des. Thle net repult was

tha W VJI '11111161Ulief Jm]to lihiak JoaOrd Liipi' -r~.tk away a ftheIjpn.eremoVy gear. andi Owen (ithler it towion I i ar find P pia.'.. tit store it. Am invail~lyhappvnn. wile-nirver tuuen' in an IirsjmaetivalI 11*111 of teqwpment, tim- Arnd Itewruati a"eWAAt44 iittit down the. fine.

"Couut of Will eoram' wm thrVown &WILY - a waste to the Army and In the Aua.'rimn

poopk~. This walatage .".snot Im calWUjle Lb. c~onwqien (if at bad multply discipline within

tow"vgic%~

It..fo which t h.r.is a at-mi reur-mna lf*. I-W,

This~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ toti -ta nst "h oo, fooiu v*catg Im

utitrr te rinL iic"

Ahnro. I a u t oo Ei au :h Arm twatn rwo1rk Alhllnd eato t qurobnof the tmq'ply tw-eaitfmenowhy im about tvra lown rine wdpiewa11rd oiahi imuf.n in roably thcie4 main inf etbe

In whuLite Americauj~tntr ligctwr crrqirtes a loicitt o litttle o h ulitiTplaia in vtllifg l'.iving a~rld srvivalgtity 'whidcherindti' ~equimnt wheicgh aft (viwmmn

h~iinj~t. Than It m nt' be~ theway itv shul be, but~l i-that's how ~'~itiil wirkA oust'i prac~tice.

Ifthe aiijorty (if men don.dt WI.I m~irieltcry thulev sect not.lin tile light paotddfrk aw won'tInrr bLhmet *he the Twe Arf;et togo aimping hktr all teir~y kza4ri 10l s

dcrtwa~te ow fthe unkita-~ ulinwyis qif.S itwwsztw~ jr in that~r down thermy bettom"~~ir

outinitt-,IIJ tft4-r p it iti jx~'n .tig 1afe ldii pr~'eriy muchi ais poui trvrdc n h s.lr

A.thider 1~the Orem(i l~cmbat, Auch lMork- itoits prblA the tin a i rseop.r (team

pk nwii-provii-d highly own rnin othoer. I'vrs Iot deidilnt in proablthe parintui rneI'din

Kth) waurt- ~l the AnWrii lzitaitry plutm wrg ar" w riaopit will no t tie of them lmuard.~o

Tuo lat Ine practhical lingeed foarv'a y et ohrierr, andr~ hoderrr.n cqulpzawn -wayinh treeaaihlestotr hixrm. ' fiie~tmnY nit they whiiy inv tho ld b e-e, t qtu~shitti workneti pati

In the iwujority of men Kom-'i t nhctero hnadvtiat all fromu i rn te ieht evipk, 1.14 Wincthry w~ar"et ohe this mioor) Bu hancel' it o enlrcpar' hag' thi~r 11 b hottyrv pz'tu Its

d eiictt 10 hi'nigt wel ethratAl an Arumyed low it. I thathow" leta the A ry eeo ofligt, int'd fthrit ats thtn lang o kntýpip oit pretKuty kuch d ucput erint ClointhermI fo~r mo

vtlhisfal e~U.atipt Anmy n.t verdit canotil t*.iner, u ndnry or dddlemiov derburdened ~they5 wc in (noi't, truilinq stook ligt&n fo the nwa i-ifrcifAn jof th rk(t wite is..

pack. hfnvy prtiud iin)~ thefu infantry in ae out didt w mieet.i th partiiebtr supply of

Ktorea wire. fousi-,and to sripflt eight And so tonp.iluo aryti~frad

Ito l iate be mratidi Aed fhe yveta otrerinitems &nl~ a bat.talron commande of inantry

sjItn IWCFts (' thaetIse Cend; tohary xtmen wte ~b rze-ir aquieitioagnt odd.rrn

otherwvi frtl fI1W.AeprLLiUgI Kofe di.sfft oterrws r h nvraly at (Ads wrmAreitha experseneedexamp le.so mItgnt welluhe that hemnt Armry along aL vinw~ow alnde at thel bag;d UIof

ihte a an r atir~ inttas fkepingow taffartdut key, a d wv pa inxthe blankets. Tbqn ft

Au bs igth rmymeed ntoth wit4r, ts rinnty frcs dd tctftlai

oi'eburl..aes; t~y s~r Infacttra4112 te 1gI~ fo th' esgw'cac ofthe Witedew

A

Is soldc'rr one wanh bitLn, tmel Jer, oey4-t 40-- "Up. N-. &Pipnsuj li..a ftnie baame appises to trun~k lockors and other du'iiage. What thp unit pareks along fotthe emomfort ond %xinveniielnce of the enwinander w4.11 Prtibably he in averapt weight

* ~xM at npl modrcutned by smiy strirturr frorn hidair: Crommituid, the Oh1v w 4 Its- l pexctedto follow suit. For wmial romealol therrt Is A oona:-ieradlle rivuhry about thema thirnpa;one of J10 seeminig faiart Uio ina von,uza1Lnd IN tile fee-ling of~ I1wjr. rtt'ls66vO'Y beit4off thez mme's fellows workirse at tha mansio lowe. !A a ~ -ds ab M~A.

-falinrg~ aaitp thr leap. when in Isold oixwrlttit'ns the wrrvwi'v of intorw. titua~ one veh~icleatad weo work of two or tlnrcr inetia are' requih-d to ahaft tile livina~get x m rn ofinOvery t~rd~ th em ~it'i it, dimpjda4 nentu o-9 tho ("P. With enram of oisr tonimamnders

!!,?t r~A .Th-y kevp th--' dpo: a~t a t,adIniruna x:d hmud Oittko imor.eumfort,than their troops. litill, this was ~r4f tile cntunon prarioe.ke

WINAT USIOR'? M DotEDToward t.,. affording of rportiod rt-lief to the trtkips In line, and tile over-all

etmengthe.zting v-f the defenniv'e zi-mtn there -werc m t lon ofa appi-Z 1 wh rs Pu14

have beena taLken by tile staff, without looking beyund rosoureca already at hatid.They were:

* Organization of Korotin porterage ant a arrairnflltary bauir, and0 Totail e'ac'rainatiamn of till supjlb m~ent-ary earying rtwouwen Wwit1alD thto Division

structur* to put 0 ti ti t tile itrvice of the Cintialhions inl tac, attack.Neithaer of thnemen lppronchem was mrnm-distely Atijecued to audy and then

ldven pymeiriatic application. TJhe* firsm wax ne,lerk'io d'ni-ite' its ot,viowunneto, probablybecmus (Jil An:, v ism tint reloninlly experirv-nr4d aind does, inot, hnave anitimin~irt for primidtiveIlas'thcjdin ThE bt~luld inronri #venur wtaw ov'34ooke~d, jwdhroph twauK- OtAi prorequiasiteina #I dneim) oewrhatil In Americtnv atuoff thitik log. We Isend over bkrkw#Lrdit InI reppeetinSthe inusvt*city of itniali-uiiit oortitmandi anid Jpritfm wii hin tiy larger comportrnt. "elckmstopping Wo qjuritioli whother the sutfety of till unt.a niight not depri-nd finilly on seinguthe IDiv'arnnn I&A A whtole, a4imnd itJ 1911 Mtbnt' psrt. to th.w elitfleitt i1 an eftoI to ge't Itsfighting eleinenitta forward rc Iuitively, fit and ready for tit@ fisht. 11ir Hrrintent Owe-AItS

to grt its twfl-lattalionx of Uu' Atturk into tit- righ~t ground, supp';dwe with 0hl thatthey ned- to fight. and .-- rndurv'. Mranwhi~li , at the. rieAr, them t sre QX1, Ordmi.Pzite, Iand other nervive olernentsm, with Itroeul hacleN Prd many vehirle-o, and on that partivularday they hiavi nit truly critvicul chorwsa Ton v;.sit r114-iit Ileter interior erganniomtion eanimrsove the. ecohnomy will nevi-r Ile known ei,:a! it in put 14P OWe test. We rnakc. it workwhen 'sntfrw'tA'd Ivy u greitt 0vw-rpticay itiit to, i the Ardriaiaren ourpriis*. Bunt we Itemeattempt to apply file &tame prinoipiee in routiine. u;*ratiows~ with tho major purpom. of

v ~wiservii* tile figh~ting Ielementl. IAs a firwt, Ptep tOward reformn of thm MhIlh supp~ly probirns. It kim suggested that

Logi ttims, buaxisg upon the iKorea supply aek.r, shouuld procaod to oategoriusainfantry equipment ern follows,:

J. Equiptnerai w!-ich must aovp with tho infantry mtidler in any fighting altua-tioua, such #As his artn, canteen, sid pouch, amnumuitiorn belt, Pants, hirioW:te

2. RqA'etwibtevil p, oV"p~jlyinteItlS fX?W*r mujiiýw Usi-h.~wjiristiiWn vlla.Pc

tinlwpl n wdUphm -ki ~ie v h.~ .nnodot mniios 11

aiathsievnimrnn~livmdoprna'aot nPpi ahl 0ttnom2ilr1.1hf Mqumpve whkhic .,fi Itrhiqvi ocr r"n iiie sntwral' i n h ntst~o in

I Ibj1Pt)!1flhi, if-ltit ev !livIbikM066 y ¶III,- rm jiiur 1lgh Athnte opVy(o

vdiztinp prwrn, I Thi 'emima.ismg of reotidau~i wt'igbfi~t n~~ eeh'ur ri).it Ipe vpnr Lt Ellf rcua kbUpxvt~et~a. irk runananr hent, aer rxtrrnife -winrter ruld, *Wi~tg itw the al-rr iA ri.e vily weightr'dWlLI) him townr t'ithinit, atnd riot urpOn 'What trOOIR% Alton d1( All tilttl'tM114 lindi hruldt.ilt nitniL fNvorttile. prc)?dittioli&. Ollme-te. 011, n U;;' r1.-, ruind dcrnted41 f'xrtiwr prtw'-Mure~ th(.uhl te biamied tal thw Ovvulnpionir tilitt Witeit thfjm, matenik~lheoraOkirl)A hoJ trsovd Wu the We'nt of f'ctlon by orgira-if, trittsmpor't, it it; LOe rt.4pUolfdhility ofhijlhvr vonmrwal in n-t-.k Oth, arm~:peimente 1,Y whirl thry will he p~t forward for the14. Lqiimi w ~h l pi-oved imrnp'.fic-ol or qf li~ttle utility ijuder the steMeoi firld Vwlli*LW111 anti PriouitJ thrreiort,' D' elimitiatd.

5. U-J~uipmnt', which bam;A praetMvAI ptirpnee (eew'h the. weh cartridlge belt)but iR im-perfe-ctlv eeuit,,d U) thitt purpo.w. arid slituuld then-fore 6-' modified. 0I iii~! the Xcirv'ar figt.iiey, tile nverfiv eombiht wi'ldior, wheen hip, fto-Al lo"d isoomnewhiere totwitwn 38 anrd 475 1xitnand (iticltadiiip M'ot hti4'), ae'IP nlron:g fairly Well and

can nuirch -adimt-arim, Prflgerfe, arid 1141-11 rtenaui'u rc'befivuly nirbile. Mhenthe load ieee" ith',e 5) jPountim, he twf4flnip a dIrag upoin liii. q4onepany. That. wow whatw"u &fltwseiA'oloo- in lixry arnd it It&- proved iW. teit pm .ret~ive. The. eaketibitiny tf thenTMtIiduil wuight et1iwuld auwunle' fl Avei'kge 46-pAjurd Prr~v off r Ot- * oldu'r. ir, whenz thatis dune', suach pernsoda iu'rng an blAnk.-tm, 6edrolim, etc.. orannsot be fituld inW. tile idi-I V~Id1118 load, they Nicitild too rdIlfeitltd am riKilludia wE'igrht Aand it f 1iouit be the duty of

habr .ut- r.ty t~arrwigi, f~ii the-ir jporI-r..g,-. Tiean 'wuom Is,,* it. wivi Iar.-U. - marsay

tirnim duiring Or~ winte-r fighting, e~x~pt thtif "In ad11 wvrbedrwiied ltaibon and mirnparnycommc.4jwra had in orparage thr rnakethtji araorlocwjmnts.

-~~ Itefornn mnuti bcmw Mt the 1op. Providing gl'rnftt4r ineIelity to troope Ito toe atImckjim prinmarly a pr.AIe mr for the djivison. I'iii. orixrinst~ittjoi of AMl flivii~fitt rvvonisre t'wardtVint end van Ile A.'hie~voevI 'tily Lerioul-ie tht' romrmtaindelmr'st MitfY. At fir%, plitfb('e, .it mnight11M' qIlditioleled whuthecr thi i~ it rE~jKihibl~iIy fif G-3 or (1-4. nor.im-P rulw'metitun wouldVV'1wIle Itit. tin'y U' j;rOfch it jointly, wit-th( c.3 l..evi'nst thee ultirnattv "rwuoneduility weawtiowa31 hipA el~r-' tiv in with the dlaily pro-M1e of fig!nt±! isperMtivIn" jfOici trio, romeiintr authlority Swhie.Ig far rxlCihw~ ill thi firld. Thfere im thfe eajpil-fe! ntk thattit Of volie-rive'nt might be

oyrudanm jupt. ancithtr probmlem!e inl t.1iaJat~i4),, unptly usn'gliud to the ctivlmillonM1T fthrerr. and thereby die a siddern dot-th,

Ap for the neM thott we do, a better Job in the areJyn.im zod uv of 'Al indigwwaoua* te'~Lantoolort tmoivem', our Koremse fait-on in an examnple whicl coinmiicla itpelf to Ueseera

#4taff attention. The asubjeew, neediti to In,e invera continuing enipliario at IN-avenwcwtb -

I J~~eaanhiag, uA4 at e&U other~ puint. W"e. istaff thilukiui n' Wshaae41. The aauw prt4.lem- -

11Is-o adm mei 4?

- 11 11 I

Lr

will twrt,&jnly wrine wl PIV.'IT we, may e'?IIIre in fuitun'm. To be ouinumb~mio on thethwh-llg -as n wor )twoiht* ow1 iA'iflERInIe fiandiirav~UI!~ utilrL*1o AimmgAMt6ty IM 'AVOW

in the o:;umiiiation of all roxocmre in meeting then I.Liestet problia.Tbitt wt, hsve exemeridd aill cathens in nmoturiuation but makim It nwr"r diffiult

h)T 1114 t' 01hm11k 4170~%' 10 ?'"1 t Cei 'ft? tt f:1 " w16, wiau~ d~.fa IM4I60c t.11, tOwn efFort nillixtbe rMadti, leart alloltet opportunity be mlialwd.

TWODIUoA. WASTAUA

fP-&Jw tn neif mmnmt cili ItA1141v t'n tho iu't tiE anina'it.eri dnmelphtie fand M-0-11 Ilaily to (whimrr Us .~~tuLAeollu'tT11rk (if Items. wh:!h

-~~~ trmpa', mv !tiqnmoxrnK to diotutrd becaumv of tho wright. frictor, or Nomne rqurnlly contaiillingfrkeam. 41(w.iAd"* ualt aptuly genrualrly to the~ir attitside toward we~lxO:R. Vime table.aof woup.tmh lkw." thtoug'hnut Ot-q hori'an op-ront~ion iuditcata Ltht th.e rnnt. ir extm0

r ~~~ but ally falm'R0wJ rhon~uhi t:~k. inta) arein'1nt that thrre v'ere ahumor~iwl wa'rxtgrm duuingthei early rptVrwiW Anti defeaut, and gAPin tIn thme Novenilwir battle, p-m-ri~.neI lnaO.aiw'rn inw-vtrid diviaitintm. (including ROIKb) were~ such that in the eirttitirtn"~*e it waxirnjxnmaiimle. to retrieve ail weapons.

i., i6' bvhevt th~~t in-of"r IL. 010 1veragim Arnryiemn infuntryman in clnoerr4d

a reatiaonawyytotivil &ttqltude toward wer.yxaima ejonoritvy Is- svileamrie during ouperationimit ~ in rq'inint nionthein. 'Chr mm tfike' pride' in their wealwitmI and for the numLa part speakof t~hein with uffection. AN ii made eviderrt in~ the compsny entiquem*, even% wncn theyamr on the !fMiwig end of R fight wi.d are carnix-feld to yield ground, thmey air JUiliJUS LOB z~n'~ke of rrecord tnuchi extraotrdinary ninsscuatare mn were tiak,-n to get their wratiollm hack.A ~~In olir average thol is? L-4, riot as. great a 1point of pride mn in Lisp average Marine

I L fijispr in Korera; but the mome infitinctive tectng im Usere alid should lie encouragedt~hroughm gneatA'r Agmoont, during trhnazing.

But Il.)areri at"; l')i51le inpub.&iA 4'xepiolznir to %he saitrkment timal the general witvIpW)*economv in siound. Arneriean trocolv, left to tll. r own de-vircm, Puimply threw awity theb..kyourt in Ihoira. Ulmrw wPA an (JewiJ'4poma aurn-mndni-J coinnpany or battalionii ~conrmander whmp by him own oonvaction and rnngrietu'r won haim 11W? to liarten Y4Ition.Ptut in tho averAgis v~rnaiy un-4, ag .1of. and I)r-ern:brr, 19.50, t.'-- only mnw1vwimitOnsr 1payoneLps were~ Llir epwlaocnennta who had not viet learnedi U.At UteY could

~ I srave it anau not, (ame a txurL Injirtial. Thke evernoe ominnander who hAd tolIerated.1 ,lmunination of Otto wmistoojrsa Uns. e Ubinfiviual ltad had aot'tale~ ar u xtel w 00let and

atomi 1ayonu'tA; Umery wriatr imply kmeLIts the0 mirlP#A way', grrtousel laijocher,. had tx-riu tbrweA- away, apid the~re had been

hao alvag~fing progrnm frirni ala'vi am (Ise, m.'rm lo :oil #t a,*rst. untder thce C-agrY of a *4I ~~tivei3 lariat Stein which, hasvinAlwbee put to little tuxn, wano consufeti' amrlptrfluoum. The

b4*-, Invaluabl.Ytn lpJe a on fU of ciiawaha.y-Mutoos.11"

Hiwe're 04) launclieru. lwer FddanlyherfegrnceaaitusuaxOAprcs-aeImhrw~tt oU 0 &&

Moi a on htatra4 e.o it& arI hn hehdbMn

AmI-&jnteit u- wyO~ adgexmdzu wpm mo h110 NON6- w

mare. A R-mpay I~el , Itwxte rik,.fox o-lrwo ttep~igti ecl

itidery W. Aitin dtomrnpaar.s, lro, t a, them e~w t.on pflker to, austcprating a th min r ctOftoo 11palvin. to colleti thai grarmoules fr'm -t).t mm anlxe ptut vtehicls vii matyauplY.0Wsthicx' avejwe andce t~iher uinnt anute a c truck.4,anrr~aecee 1te rn~

Other iifighamong it-iics Wweiau'kd whic tw mattiud wrcals mendatu wert~eayg MUttand tIrtpf 'a!i (' 1~f"lii't lii.-o theylma, Wrr not Ildivly to ,1..w hn s-tohe led fortiuatrly Ift~thg.rud cr inand was nr~iovin frapidla wdfiut oei tha~aivu~u r~ at Ute P~~ M- cit thelierulmy tohealt dmn fvrwac'.c'J tha teyh toz r,.or t ha oith ra the Bs£luleaNUIS ai~~.,fnu. tlie ikrwimive1 :gn-e. l~it h~f~ireJ4 Wcfl* tNi~d wihoffetr U nning vehicezrw. '~aboulth

othr iskit im fmLrequentlye thwar which ti-e notione ffta l.scax ad *Iotheu vw-rvi AnL'~andly I tlisstilml Oive dhmir sum' of ay winnt hvin our trfstr f~orce: Ifwe prleuave It,

we wn gel. in ore mofvit ltraon."dly _ h0ra4 ciaIbwulty h . te"- t to Use .Ptippiy. -4?g. ow

sauurii hi~i~t w xi~m heinvhriubdly vtarz.ptacl~k over th&iý csmu grvuid.Withthe nm4 ' wld weather, the stree helffet wan crit-e geisernflyiy ad

throghot EihthArusy; agsiui, Int the P0410rity Of Units, tfhus it4!f Wail thrown to thecounrymde atlcr hanrenomrznhled for o-uhsoequemtit un. ITlie truopis canzmom be 1plamend

for thrw-ng away the helfnet, itince t~ir varncmitrdern did takewhw. It Wax an act ofseif-preav-vtrV n, dexpi the fact, that n..ny mnen were dying from bullet wounds inthe head rouin close-in ompe;~r fins. The "n~ had ti-he hard opt. on Wf taking this risk or

I.: -~ ~ ~ sAoepi'asg tile oe.rtsinty of car fro.autluite and4 Win~t from xpse'u due to izuadequitte head4Omvering, There isno ri mnut cap wfach ~fiord~a protection. in oubacrt weather that lit:Nthe Paras time can be, a ciinimdated to the &sux-I helciwt. Tkw' M~arnneus, who f"a~ the

wore! of the winter weather it% th~eir ('imen 11'4eofoir operation, retaintJ their 111,0lfieluasets. They unied a ninailler. aaiungr afp, L,,31 Uwty alias had an inordirvate~ jmrceuiiip

.4of Ilam fromu frostbite.* There will bp mrwwrremnt trrouble with the hrlmet it. winter oliarations, which'ii ~no degree tof contnnatad P(raatuet' will wholly rljflinnat!, until the d'isign of hradwWa

WhiCh Wiii iPi utRlwuu'e ixith apcssnmot Lhc 4' r.-nentA and vtwanty firt. lioefm4'n jzore traliintIO.rip. In Nomra, it nuaj'rity of tse safan-ry trimpts tins Itit.1c pisiicvt du'aritiad the figh!

pack kecatisnit serve-d aopgund urpose- No lern of1 carrier in ww-d by the aversige mndividual. All txombat Ina"a art e kr;'t U t~w naninitsut. ia;,4 mhsuwruer ha.i tv Ixe curridin' 4id'itionu to, firghing iintierivl, in either pmcketu'd orn Plungt, or tied to the, man'@ body.The' pack jumt, dirmiut fit the rcnndituaos of Uth fighat. %S list it mioght ISauS'uAly cotxIntlis Wt I. n t1n II-bu1g, vuaid tianizgt 1114. 11-baw tom aonitinaps carried an far forward a#, the*amenibly arra under the. infaaitrymasie arma suih lio ti' uahart~aitt of 1:1014 trans"ofalaUftthat toiletgfod., um45. L.:&a, &nd the Lkc am left hv'ciuir4 w.;;& thesittack.am SUD'PLT

'Abe Ativirican infamaty fore appmn to be well wmwtnt with Its QM SUPplY@Owe shorp.. Wasn the Isy ecaceptitn wn'ig the itoens of pe-eral MEWs.hi:0

IN~hIYSS Off044-1

The shoepwe wa- not detlmcd to mtnt thte con idtlo which are dornlrant in theKoman fightirg. There is a!ways a greIat deal of wrtujous matching to be done bythe foot force. Under hwavy mi!rehing, at whatever oeason, O.n si)(WIl|, ra-"" Uhl 10M

Lo petspire aec'esalvily. Ir. winter operations. when timp,.ralures are newnr aro, ieeformi, on the in'ide rof the thctw im wAso trioos prs e.v tr.,-rocni and Ohw fert ci, offTThe gntm r part (A our fromtbits* cwt iii the fvct nu-t.-., e harpd to ,uply , ,!utethtr than to earlel,.*xx by the individual or lax di4.ile:ie in the command. Undertheft endif-on.n, ii. in-ugra-ay unhott to m.-n and unfair to the Army la a whalo to regulate.thet t a! rnbhLt frtsthitin liasm will be categoriemlly clwffipd as "non-battle auaulties."

During wrinn-weathar operations in Korea, when obl~wrving a" infirintry column on themarch, It In to he noted that the bxody am a whole dres r A move with the frte gant whichwe have Seen of American soldiers in the past. It goe maluK hI lr,.11y, bE-cauM everythird or fourth man is moving with a limp - uruclly thV eonsequence, of exensmive frictionwithin the boot. Almost invariably the limping soldier is wearing the ahocpac ratherth". the infautry boot.

Thero is rome complaint that the flood of the parka dUo not havo erough freedomand that, in conrquence, r-n tcnd tW er.mr.p •ba,,y•, ii. t.. neck t-iter a few houra of

we&arig. Otherwise, the gprm-'nt scrv= the purpw_*e admirably even Ln the coldeitweather and in well liked by troops.

Clothing resupply has been maintained at an optimum level among the combatforce in Korea. Troops get worn or dirtj clothing in a& imues replaced neemingty asoften as they requet it. One hears frequent complainta from commr.nders that thereis "too much" clothing supply, that they are surfeited with extras, and that in conae-quence, troops tend to *aste clothing, throwing or giving it away, instead of going toa little additional trouble to have it laundered. It appearm never to occur to thesesame commanders thbt this is their r,'ponsibility, and that the condition of whichthey complain is the connequence of extravogant requisiticrnng within the unit, ratherthan of prodigal wastage by the rupply source.

In this respect, the Army has not improved. Its attitude 4oward human-comfortsupply is still such ia to suggest that Its members believe they are drawing on aninexhaustible store, and that supply eonacrvation in not a primary dutiful obligation.

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TH RIFL COMAj..4 I '~2~ - LI1Ak~rK_4

"M INAM moo

The most enecoura~ing mspet of the part played by junior leadership, In theinfantry fight in Knrta lit the ptrong pj~rtiripnzoio of the NCO. Comp~ared to the roleof the junior offimcr, lie las eime forward much morm pronineiat~v as a battle leader

A ~than diuring( World Wou 11. 1k li trciwea mome pem~oluia initiative thun his predeceosorand imls m dimpoor-d to wait for offievr approvnl before taking locud deciuion in anr eme.'greny situation. In cornm-uefloe, therer is great~t stability anid elvennesp of pe~rformoane

5Sin tht' c~omlbat line. 'ilic ratakr. get beitt4r perponkl directicst "t' * offtcer timec in kmrnmoropolized by attertion to sumid detail. It. coin tA, Poid withmait 1himptiou that. ineven- out.-fsnding irn;'e'ny ywrforminer Included in thd eurvey, thctv was consp)ICUOUS

k ~~partirpipltfor by a nuirtier of NCO leaders. 71r record 6s e.'ravlaxwr'ly to thIe pointthat ptrengtheraing the pItitg.' (if the upper brau'ket of NQ()n .ithatt the oonmbk. ail=will contribul4' to d~itetly ft- Of riioe tn an upl!ff. o! the fighutinj power of the Armty.

That thir g~reatly imjprimvd s-hosndstofirad( uiusi, wjithIuea~o4ritv 4mJojinmaeycd intrepidity mo~d initiative in coin'at, fill lie' relm0fld of NC'i (of ito-lf atteats

A; the quo~lity of juniot oflipers ',n the infantry lin~e. Wittiout thpir undtermtazicinn andsympathfiti suppori, 64 iitso rn.~ dV=Vr-'~d be,......'V. hm miationsihu ian not unliketheAt tinted Ibetween csmprmy oflierm and their non-c4izanaimionad saazsit~s durting

2 '~~~World Wnr I ; t hi ecaYminultdy mi.~6L4Zib4 u hruL'Th7 :oane'rshlp dynaminl of buttsi groisp.aa be Ien psroportionately &dvwmiuod, partIcularlydunrwp combat.

It in thereforr an appr~lpriat* quention ii hther an Pvvn more effoctIve uoo mightb moof this enhan~ned potentlial by initlatinS minor cburges iia the structure of the

SUAHlet tasU8l WUlt.

$aft WINmANs*

-* ~ .--4-q~p4 do

CIOMPANY MaNM

lthe 04*ti~.on of the else (if the. squadl, &Ad cinseque~ntly the fire tomnr, 6. bustdlscume In aonthwe140: with the consideration Wi overr-&H cowjwor5y orw-liztion..

Anuiangthe. usairrity of reegimnrtall, be~ttflaon, It d tifnny O"ASiM ith WhMIifhiatry colfll3JIL* in llt fit- i Mahu IM() ftt'i). fldl t&laLt 011M111WIC~k 14411i'01tdflitt(11tilmlin Imixu'.r. whel, pall facturs &uch a;, thea develop~nent (of far powcr, %dallnifitiiative

twi Inof firi, PAt' theti ~tw-a fnr tiver-ull oont rol we're ta~ken into aowrouft.A 1-w lnImd- thim fiprumi as low as WOil niuon, and ('tbh'F asici tlint. it aII(MAd bst to

--- hipth an '2M. Tflit~h were no, tit inirav.l higher than thait.. The. tri.ntoty d~id not. li~vlov,tbftt the~ 2W(-Ftt~r'n~gthi vo'ntpkity ina itdmirimtruactivd.y fit rnia~notivo:tdy nwivi'dy, bitt theirSti-itudf, toward Vinat figiare wviA froqueiit-ly exalphmod Ini thevrmrJ i wr a~t e ta4Akrdst'at 2M0, our hlverrap. zt~vngtla l--V4:l im-Ac the beat firld condi~tio~ux will probably be oi'0tt1R0, Whiell In Mdinut rightl."

(Acooring to the Kotiiiaz data, this jisan optirnistic outlook. The avramte .torigtof Wu~o vouiptaliet which were~ inuvrvitewe'd was Manitt 125.)

4 Tlif arr, to the fighting worth of the bteluw-trouigth Comnpsay elm besummed nbout as follow.:~

4 100)--123 - "At t"i levYet the company is still Wa bualn an and ciu.' carry out

851-I- "Too light, The eaompany begtns to drag its feet &dleeotmdpd

I n ing o teui atioic takenc tunde studyjK,. the coiatl(iexwr ne 15+ n ataverage irrcamponne ~wAswell-colle'teod,

414%j 1~~ Anid agrtr-wae. In MeVeral Of the Mnwat UOeiut4Phjjjy comfpanyl fights, there:1 wer fewer thaan No t'Ahterm on the line. But there niv. Olno neverci graphic vi~xmplesrof the hnrd pcnalty hhmy eeatafrmlih'crnind w enn.oinlenutrenatb

infantry evniptuiy, beitiX ;lsl#3e4 in line, ).eeoinli suddenly the fc'cti point during a mainsurprise omifall by the eiviny. Hard pftme'J to tin the physical hilbor. reqsuired for CIO-

Itmelf over tmt' iI1urli jmound to remllfifl uinified ahould it b-coine hWItiviy prowU~d, and

Thus the. diwor in olwne'd wide to it pene-tration which niny out to the rpoir withoutanyOnC'* knOWing. Th10 001mpany in strength (if 840 h.ie ort under can still figlit. Hantcannot prepare for a filghtint jilli Mied Ptill do the worL T4'qirt*41 it, 7Irvt it fitnty with alljother eir-rw-htf. 7116 I[nwSA 61 repeated& 1nufly tinwas over 4A t~h* study oIf Korvan smtallunit ct~iuua.

Plt a. Ov' fightirK rword providrs no final answer to the laroer question of whatusio O rle Tfr ompany should be' for optittsuin effetIEIivenitDua, The coginhet econpaniy withstritixtb of 125i hpprars to he equal It, any nornial rightuimg mnisetion; by the "ame token,if anothert W 7!, men are added. the forcei I. anatablel said its tiht !6%g p1nwcr ia Iiatuesdproportionately. The eomnpany wriunandcir in cotnbat Is htot pustlulsrly conotmied

sea"tEI

with thsi idia o! the unit so long as thr. aad4radd taik "emm Wo be within It~a eapacity.If his eozanun'cationx ar sitflciont. lit ov& raeripe adenundte conrtrol. He ormmrtauM terrm oi three rific piatoam, a weaports t;L;san. Put admiriiztr-tive CP, and varkiasasupporting atuits loaned h~im by higher headt.-arters.

Wo e.ablio44 imnvi personea4 coontact "itih MAs Troi. 110e quentiuoin Wt, tile PreAerntTlO company ikn't. hint aL litti, txoo larg, to erb- V- utivilti~n~ of th.b r...0al rcztouartox

of tl~~e unit. ThiI Che~- --- *- of~ ~.'tji thei c)in

paily during the trairting cytlt, wright. iv to kick %oine of tiseme oddm and end_- up tlhach.~connwi-And where tbey riould be. poo_4 irt a-1-K-Is* gro,;po oad loaned out to

of peealied killm to the mren under hitt contrui. The problem of conihNaed Ptina(at the infantry level) could be mct drting mnaneuvers, or exereii'vs .i~d in periodr wheanthe leaders thezmsielves could titudy its vawyinx aspects..

"MH SQUAD

Conspicuously, in jibe Korean fighting. them- is stronst and cletirly defined squadactotln oompxm'd to the ptnelml !a.ci of it. in World Wnr 11 ongagetnentbs, That is partlydue to the dffect of the tcrrain. Tiecaune of the itharpness of the ridge ceistA and thenarrowness of the approaches, the compkny fequ'ently must advance with a radicallynarrowed front, sometimes a squad or half a iqund. In defenise, (lie compimy perimete'rmay build up around smweral knob?; on one hill, and the sepnratr usqundds in one lnholding one. pairticular knob may tie facing arid fighting in different diretionue. Troo~psadvance as squitdf. They retire assqundii. T*hcy gr't cut off anoiqurtds. In the courseof action, there is less ;-r wmbling of the eemps-ny tha-n o"ccurred-- in World. War 11

Under thexe, tondh~onrq, the advaritage, of squad organization, as well as itsde~firein~'ef. are much more clearly profiled. As now wt. up, it do"i' no'. spiwar suffi-.cicntiy flexible and well guided. 'Where the BAR man mo"es, there is a ma~rked eddyI.- U61;1 alicatirjg. Or if'tlr msumli leatder in an wnupitally stronpr jwiiiormlity, it ma**orityo' the tren may build up unified fire Piction a~r=cd him. Pu! it in iwti likely to happen.In the uatial cast-, hidif of the qu-ad or lesdoes active fighting, While the othl-er half,though present, triew to duck trouhic. The qtx-ttion is whether, by a further t~ighteningan d better airning of aqund orgsnizatiorn, it wmild mnot be p'*mihhi to iUwcraxe fightingpower without xdding men.

There in nothing In thewdata Indicating Ohat the 12-man sud.riitowuidAby the Marines In in any *wis a inore pmratical maxieuver unit thpi ~ jma squad,provited that, the mof-t in made of t1he hitter's potential. The 12-inan squad's pritneadvsit~age would seem to be that it conservet unit izptegrty whitwi il, aqu~d iwg"n tociontractffren battle lc 'l Tat is a print 10Z be uo.;~ebuý It 18- rot vItal, -i ka.as t1e replmwernet syitem pnivides some saiegu~rd of nmatl-uiiit. irit*grity, -whereby

stu ra ame not required to undergo a suprtmely test-ing epnweuwtir

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t4On t~hf tither haiuM, !ie ulsa. lii'et that therv I& tuukilat, l ~ Ia~Itk AmtyI ouad ortnst.ton. toward th end that Lhe will beta hipher is rraaw o.f L4 dviduapvy'tliviotjn with~in each squad. A squad with two wings, each working under Its

Mo1rrove',. tlhers, is too advanti4Ie tob Uit' 3-tria~n tin- t4-aill %hich would not bitI jncrewaed by g.atnx to the 4-Man fire ttarn, rzrtfrn,!nrly wb!- brit te .shritilagp to taknI Isk, cseiwa. Ua4~ a lia.;c .. vonutiip wit.i nauicai ainfI tio-tUrits othtirp and alw~ay-4

TSLpare coii one trian to serve am a numemr or anitunwit.ion bea e. leta ,'L prtil pU hiseff

Firto-teiir lowdinst would he the naturk) .ehno! for pot~ntid aquaiid lenders, It Iitho pr~afki- su~rwig rMsipiit fur Lis,c iaetutslly W.rewive tuduir-IF Wholimi alat yeI ou1lsitoughltk isih. 0 t- .ad the iull squad.-'INippoas, then thnt, ench fire tittoi Iracaslued three riftenrm-n, one of whom ias aknevialist grenadie-r, and tine4 BARt m~a. It ham all of the eclunwiitm nimedod for outpotduty or w~rving as a iinsaa patrol. 'I he squat! );as lintnce and lcuiehalty within itmelf.Lither of is.4 waingm im readv for ecmi-mcr:tnderidrl action. Etwh etai: give rqtaal stipportto the othe'r in fire raid mlovement. Tile plimmonu ho.. greatly ineracrvued fire power.CoimpjAny deplovnaeritm, arid tdeptosymnscia ill all flit, eronponreiaa thereof, wcit-d be eftn.plifi.ld. Tile e-uzatraction of the oonqie~ny, all tire. re'Iuc,-J it.. numix-ra, could be dotiemore evenly.

Tile 'ilkP-ei~fol fil~ltly With an illfAlntry Veossepaauy, A& With an arrmy,-Is not howImuch kt'lling piower is pxotentitl irk itit weanpons but what mnethodn, traitnisg-wise randamniarlw,,wiw-, will mosit efficienmtly inereana thle averap- of individuwd participAtionand unifir~d gnoup action, %itl, all much weaiponni an- Mfavisiltubh' lThis mranv thatt theWeaponam equatuti abilhuld lp" directed primisrily toward givinag itroiopm tile inipulpe to a

fire and tol ad-va"e.Thie Korran dIAt reaflirm sulnmtsrtonially what a majority of lnf ntr mnha1~1long he-ld to he true - that active and intelligrnt umi of the ritl im the mainpring osound muipanuy w..titn. 11cre it is at : r a.y t u from effcect.- Is the

1A dufr~'lfpnwnt oif a eornmixtenty mitmron vopluurs of rih'e fine withizn thr unit tho product of~ ja V4JiIlj)JIIY dirtelplisw Which tIN-etie oqualy stlronig uaag. u.ah other wpoillriml, (or Is tile

xrworntirag of ehAnsiatefnf rifle fire the witin problmlrn, whicht ionce woIvu'd, otirrns othersoi~luionto with it! The anitlyst cannot answr-r. The. d;;ta ti~ow* esilly Uli, wit 116 the qndtwhich dvrinanwtrairp all-around stmnir'h !n 0a wepritvit eftswt.., thsere is 4xnspicwwawlystrong Dif acstion, and troops alpeak warmily of their frigkra it.; zisat wriavon.

Wfixu~vevr flit mnuin m otivatioiz, it wouid awnZi obviouim that AgrelCFtivesi Use ofIall wp'arpons im clooely ii tAh-tiicd with xsrwi* botlief in, and ffiertave upe of, tio. rifle,:~and this, cmcr'cumning tim Inertia In the rifle line is the niasa muidt, toward aviiM'lflg4 uWaiid action.

In iinfantry operations in Korea, It in coniepicuous that rifle- firing builds uap4tonl anudteBR tistetuprm aiet oriv h tm.irea iCraioofH~t t ilm oW t~mlsv tunmrM frwthn-l Pq a 4 t.II .AK

ýN'7

ovry euipment thi-ae erepvW mbcsu hom ne unmnan is doing T

UU~it frequen~tly th oigforce Lwoauoe ofO ihmblt f(oweapoA and 1t.solid fi1p p.fe

Other Lth" th:.s cheine In the¶ xtAio of IWOl to riflles an(' rrpwefie~n~tft of tb-Scuib-ilis I.. tho "'tI In Jw im4uuatey coimpnny lijim, Uisesusaectrc~a (it thit: atulysix which

deAi *itls tthot evaidi..io.i of vweacwkut~ Dow In Wind dth not ligdiwoA4, the iu-rid Icr majorI r1 lterstit)Z) in infenttry computy armairent or orgitroa.tUonul structIure. Lich weamoi

14 analyted aepiratidy, tit t4elris of the micurr~ig unage; th~e dalta and .4nolynis, howevet,do not izndicit thut exiaxtinix aaig:mntnt4 in mortar.r, rnaReldlnt gunx, mroclwt launchers,

L-4 01 ca., to the company structure ami wrong. Iliensc therte is no) objett in heroin Oxts.Vnjating a now '170 with TIE, baid 'aywn Riirt-an oxpcriknc a. nd usciribing how eachweapnn and required crvime ar' I* fatted intu cotpfaiy cirganirtition. Yet. it. is hardlyponsible to discuwi thec rifle (which Ifi oae in the next ehrtpt4-r) without. loo~king at therifle compa~ny, and it Is acarocly practical to took at. the' oompiaty frovi e"- over-all view

a witliout hAving tho quototiona of it. total atreuagth wnti squad oituctuve comec uppermost.

Miisi standarO4 am rweoinmedad:* ToWs strength of 180-200.0 Divainin of tho squad into 4-man fire team&.

0Two hiAltm to the squad (nec Chapter X). I* Orenade ipecialitAtion vwithin the squad (wee Chapter XIV).

Many of the moost effective linfantry comipanles In the Eighth Anny are alreadyrecrganiurd approxim,%tely alonng theowr linvoi aave for fornialrisng division of the squadI

CX into firr tanit. Even thixq last expedient, hats' rem t: ied by usomni 1,ine inI tintry comipanies,for exzmple in the 24t~h D-Oruioni, and thry hzve provcd In combat thitt it works.

P'rovidedl that the nwoimmendittion in favorably eonnxi~erd, its logical derivativeInI to haw thtW infaanry r epinentii-Y isysiltsi upvn the foar-man unait rather than uponthe IndividisRi. Thr vrwtn (if the fire weamp Phould 1w' rwtimhohl- In the' rImini"Lg Oentir#and replawmrient me-thodis siould be reorganilsed to mvc that the object *of. it coninuiunggroup tinity in nat permInAld to wither. When'i new mintuit go 111,4 a company, or wheo

LI ~~new companies are formed, the tram principle should be maintained. Foiur favae whoF:. have wearked and trained utgether and haivi dove-lopi-d eouafidereoe In OM~ Is other will

r~over he thrown by entry Into) a new envlronntent. no long am tioey nhtuii group unity.The fire tesam, olnce forined, xhould lie kept Intarl in *) far ax n imepoeibfr. 1'rumotions,pprirnsal atnunoatien, &nti individual chuingefi in fortune will Inveiglh against coitlinuity.Theseat" are asor obljecetimixn, however, aince the importmit thing if, to ireep the. grupwolded during the traijmang 1*riod iarid satil after the fire trawir is fittel Inv,' the company;the major adjumtmentoo would occur iu this latter phase; by then, the izudividuAl. wouldfeet at hope in goe Unit

~~ it thin were done, and the fuur-mali tems went through the pipe-line as 0ne

ma no moil" they could lye fit-.' In~to a iront-W-w orgarigatlon, ready to fight,'

Thmsrw A rwnbti' f 4 eaa'm tIf thef M..enrd Of Wlntwtr o erajjWIlkn XnlOrwfa in Whisinfaintry c4tlmpkfliu', IMII-'Rdv 'n mmit:a"d .nd Tmnving forward under fire, hazd to suWpend

t~u'at~~'ktg aw.'I v Oamhzabett w'a lts wit~z." i of m~n~nnk) id przx~dvme whirl, jiermitcot thi. t;wni wvuIhi tw grauW -~.j-:; 4I.M. it ir~ upift-r te mhe man and ta tb", t-nit, IIq)Ru0 pAditl~y 04-cwug:.p't thai'. no) (oven ton tim~rgncy circutrnaLumt wk ~aaJu4i'y It. &t44frwG0

LIUt &U~Lt j9' LW LL S W'J6'aKlr"lu Vil.1114. intL4fmsti;y1 oit Pendinit fnlr-mnor tase~II through the plpaliiw ryould hardly

*lt*LiI exom~v difficulty for tht, peaotmfmv- my~t4'tnaI'1 zan ill hol lon run migh&t OVOIDuimplify It, It would c.'rm.inly provide the mosq avi..klb14 curli for one of our mmaiComit;n proble-111M. b~iuiMihng meh numiwr ui BAii.'s i inrujurid~iny fIrt, Wngumsa 0uuuld.inemaime coipnniy fig~mt~aa xtrrsg1ib it% any t-w-tiet1 rtuhtiofl and alminalt miy type ofapofqnenrt. fly oontrmlq, uiirhr mnajor chruige.a in cirrlmifi werqmpns (exaejvL for li~mizuatlonof tht ci aj.& &rw tijiasd WAId wo-u!d I*o I14-hiraible or, rzint Cocut-izig to variations Inthe fightin~g situation, armasment of the oppionent, etc.

ftg"oe

I -

L fI

! i

if"•' W ~IA** *--U.A D F LN.8I - 6 7 i-. : 4'

II

4] ...' . : ' : . - " . . .• . _ * . / . . . . . . . - : . ..... ' . . .. .. .. ._6-

CILILPIA. VUAZ

I it

In the Korrtui~ faghting, there is nailnewtly a higher pecentage of active fireparticipation by nifterxncn (inciuding thote srne4 with the carlioc) thain in operation.during Wourid Wuar 11.

This can The felt, rather than scruratciy countrd, and Oprerfore it is difficult toarrve at an accumwte pe~rcsatage fisgurr indr-Auve (if the' im-recwu.. Herrver, averraringout tbe night. And ds~y oe:Jrat~ioni which were ivivered ini the survey, it is towiidered

*Ii ~ihat well in exmU or Wa percent of tnisops set ually committe~d to ground whert- fire may) ~~be exhmimi diwtcly witO the enemy wiLl uwmLe use oif one weapon or abot~ier in tdo

'fiv- gattprn of K~orean aperat"'rin is suchl that tleý Land mnarri i; freq=.-nUythe firit writpon emplayed by the noiw ev in com~bat. But ag'tin it im cbserved m anarwet invariable rule that once the individual urna any weapoin agpingt, meiw*y perveunoei,

he will to on Mhen to become in futur. engspemerita relu.Uvely a pelf-et;'rtir with him

In the daylight attack in Karea. tnoopte fmpwiaestly "vosuw with an extremely

barrow frnnt, tie cOmpany going loumard in SIAeptii l*'ausW of 11.4. ii-k,44 #am~a fordc'ploynwsnt in the movieniswat aIvmt the ridgp errt. Thu'p Crlun:''tj, Of ttse fOnnatiOn

by its uature aften makes it impcomib~e for all hannds to ume their %i-armnm freely. OMa jozmm ot mpar~y, zidy two or three sqt'a'h. an~d ;xse1lais Use~ uiiw aisuuater oif heavy

* weapixis. rity IV able to t*Ak posnitxiia wht-.. ttw-y ow, toher tigarnmpi the nrivuiy-hrld~ j ground. In such instanees, f1w. trrain iteel rredueis Obe nuiiher who participsat

actively with wMtpons, Cixpt as squxdim r misrtetd Lin and out of tie forward posutm,os- - ~Again, in the ajw-auw te;puts the lower ouh-ndg.', whm-h can Ix attackr4 frontally,

tse foot foame is likely to clame an reai s&i t ean teJ- uph.ill, with.w rtime lin~bzg mumdepending more upon £1m t~rrvW frw. of the atlillry. arrmor, inultmisl awvsuts, &Wdmoatruto W bet the enemy down than upoO the relativody f..Mbe Powt of Wthr hamd

Porvied weagrnil It% this type to( amction, mar'brhini fire' ip marety g~wn effr'tive use by.0the inifantriy. In, the av'raevi ei:mitio:1. it Woulid Oerm-P tn. object. smcet the llular of the

Willa&e litiarvoitie betilortu the two foIwa. until the' RifiolrF rext~ lo repl''izA. anid the

S ~~cm would snot eion awile to kiwo' the c:xmnyv i2nanc. TIhe nile fin-e wi.' halt And Amitio' i it &*t-(;. titm 0; ro ! l li, b '; It in 11!11 t yli~I pr I,! iwlt i~o, it'ri r !u ~ '

be gsaakbi toreovi,iics utift Iý.- Ltaw Feic %'twrt& t~in, rtrhfl(If mlLy. 1irovde %erny hmdTi.nlxil,t ej zneaen1 0.- de'frnat' provides the mnomi 14vorable otrsorturdty for

*;I o40 a. flow . ...j.h,* . ..... sn.. &il 031 aa t,66.41.a . ft la~~ Abs * &.t 4-*&mos.

pi4*',0 R411! tilfi iraitizal ;pia&:t- Miu Vt. twa oidavtiLA eni-nim its a hI~vYiivyc:,igr f (Ihiand&re:Iiw~Iv t,e di ifie oi isfh utel Uld hAwIvelP rus~etli~y, ev#!n '.bnugli tilt- deforlditig lire isOil highear grtifoIl( and tilt, lnae<raitia Xrxvii'4aj &i*4 t~i~ihkit lithtit drthioiti-. 1" .... *.l a

% .l* i*ai ,44rl1-,Vt-.ii.wi- ~ v ~ ;yi s iv rstl all(o h

no11 fir~heniti(Pn to tshis. )JN-nvy uily of grrIldvý ill tilt fWrsL iqtrpt. of defrel. t~endui towardLth ereIJf rtlwi.l3Tzlux&re Udt.lrl yLire' dt-nov. O'han do suit shiftI ivin:; t~he grr:1*Ld to tkic. wie iind biwk aivain ts kS tfli!y flimVtflcrt ttiirht ACCN

slid Life othoo a firer, iii any i5~tuutiw wic culls for Latli gr iut c-wtd4i~ ieOuat. of ui than*-in;atwi&o fiour-moin $IIir wounS, unt- nian should Ix- enthArpripd with 11w mainduty of gre'nadineg. To *Avert to WtrorM Wait I Wtnnlhai(ogy, lie should Ut Lite. '%ornbeof thge temin.

Whejtn the en'nn, Vii1 atw. ~ k is imrmpte'ep*d at such ravnge thott theo sutwmatic

wts;ipna rnn firmt e'7ILg 'hw. i t~hf i fire' is higl.1y stiinulatiung toi the nfl" line, kwl4 ageiralV uoo (of O1w At I and carbinea (pruwid'!d 110 RAITIVDO IiI0LH l hioýi) ill lili-fly 0 perpint Until the

ALCLI(In ig 'AaI',.4 I n c-onauct.'in Willi ril-fle i volutim, Xglail it odwlasd to,' notAAth'l at

uloere' ta a divrtd rolationti~hp lIxetwtfn the~ ra-te of buildup und niotile I re'puwtaU-te.sel 0 r.i;,-rj- in Padution. A'4 willi shluuLitg and clirarit7i alwil, tdha. rifi Isiiw, fiohe

4i wo. e'hing alotut Ptready fire productiM'n, and liji1-cilifi~tii tlhtsAU by Oic individualswhie'h rinlivetiu his wene'es anid rnollelo huuni aove aMboUt Ilin.f III? eetw~AVir 14l W' where

4O thelre wntuld lwe mont Uw1"iulL TJor entire study off 11a01t arltioriai dwi cnruxive to thimend: tip- .uuatl wilehs PitAXA4 plvoln~ly Willh firvoitill mIsic ul nne 111C- riitt rxap;.I .. jd prilitivaladjusmmw'alta upe Cw Jgt'in in oil ustion anid will ravor Use fewest olve'llinjA 1, ls t- enewuay.I ~ ~ l jiAbr1'arv ollortmto'nx I mvW N~nvoqv~w~r to MAt~h, tho-roo we're rettiv-r!y few

~p 'it units -- eve" of plaltionu i trrngth - hieai'ig sart tin.y juhiy4-rw!?V -vverrua'4bb tOar ~2FAttak. Gaent-raliv, tur iuiftiuatry ittasad its, otmhutd cibd fought unt-lsImoatt

* ~ of the' lorralmolune rui dry-,U L nela (10-11 tt *ie'U$dnew "s ftllt t~lsv cOuld to pciit 1411111 fialttwL.barli. They did ritot yu.1d to life dreirr ((or fliglilt t~h;v wo-iit lack ins rtouanzuddy ximod

U 4 ,~od.er - thigmew whot, survived. B~ut in: Owe rare emwis urn which abe line wall cracked apartwitoutgsviagR m~lI mtOog~t f i4tI, at wftP IwaUm. tile PICn if' tie foxhoje Weu

Ia&ken biy swift aui'p:*-Lw, geLt.&!g their 1)1St woflnsing to fire broke artnmaid thein f rom 26fto M? yania twins. They "felt that he~y could nott get GAail heads uap Wtire),"; forI~

of An,. the POasUGM flL

1111111V& M A

7'

BW tIAer- were jutits* e maly Mores !,ii swiss in uwhich owr troops, lae 10nPF this 11991 A& VrKd1% & (UMW1 idoefe iltLAA 1 1 woi

*tar"pd by h~tWL tan "hw~ tih n a~t ra Gire n t wnLWy oa~as LF Vv Sim MU i~ UnrntweAf~tir j, thew IFC vrNIA dqwo. and *iqaur t4w Cw.iov the ^n1e 1 owiU% 1tfWl gttog OmikEth ~ iN1 Ow QU&4dkr .btUdIrbm. at ir shrtiirpn- 5tiCfJJk-flI n~i

C%~~~MUJ-t (i IIlIj Criti m'.e 01 aU) 1iring aTri triote pr~ovi.de WYsIA4 durVn

#pnigh by bulfewa, tirre nthmr~,;' in th-lgen- Krisi not herlytoquravail as~z fu am eL tttntiaon.w

1 4givvaa to d-i tail, toD dietrfauzic tdh to~talcr r .'i n. which eneh i uu u~kd hid wrpoua,

Ow - 1.% .imor lenatea Who alin-dmug)ply fol iwi ngr ea: krvinen Lt. 1weircnlieai-wepnweiig n ieClluin

I. ~In Oste darknom~ Ow-t'her ruch of t~heir nwri isi tuaL~ng rai u&~srvtwjve part. livittil flt dataoni lrwrinyhl awtior no it alwayst ohminabirlfb and ve ilai. !e anad it niu~- xzO~1etimt, wliua noj:im- of tile actort. are deakd or ntiv~ing, and all of tile witlf-Amea have bwe

4 ~shaken, there is a eotivideruble inargin of error which nify apply cathcr way.Houwever, fromn mynthe~itaing iilcidtr-ta- around whicli t~he fighting~ developod. sazd

IrOM I the* j1xx-Crit.i41UP Ph~wilg: (if hanudtt on the* cIufh'tonfm of which infulmf d um'd weapOVit, siddisuii Wo tho.'. who had lAnyed as proutadamet tmrt il1 tkw r'agagenieslL Udhi ebLuidaais, suppo~rtab~le:

* 1P) tile YIg aierafasishtty ooznp)Any ira Jorex, htwtwtn 12 and 20 1wreent of L60vaen not. niy 5iitri.it ip~stA act ivedy In V-~. faring, but exerruw varying $Irgrma of W~luittve

~~~Fi *i n -the".pst it-adis-A and talking persounal action of a typk* hakt klxte'rx the unit Posit@A* In1 additlon to this. contrul. forci,, ther- are britworr :M and 86 pntw'nt of t60'

r me~nn who l-ake Pumir purt in th ii' a~'rrtiisn 1 with varying degimw of conisuleltIy, butAfI withouut otJo-ra iw' giving waarmiu~ iaspuisma U) thim eouwe of evrelts.

It ibar4tJ:m.t thip. 1-hotwnaix iii a PuuhauttwLia itn~wOvewent over th., nu.ricips-

: -~ tior' average. sntinwg Wojrld W~ar 11 trooln.The ainfantry rAudjcr, s~o wmnwn~uly ~awt with; in World W'ar 11, who Ulade tds

stock imimwer- "I saw the Ptnsy;i I didln't tain-, I dun't ktxi'w why," ism .Lranse1y nrm(ruin time Kujran &-etw. In far-L, dtha reply watt not neturibefl by a WiouiP hmnf alnolig t11Aamit.~tim at, amy) Cifique.

Ana'uag 1Wr n-ammon given by Oi~e tion-firwi" would he triwase:I. '- "I didn't- smus eaw~ay tAr~ge at any tinwe an'd J timoigkt it boast Wo hold fift unti

"Gftasiam *we .owWa in at menh a rate I couuldot pt PW hasd uap"

"Ther-vwr ~aa rime of en~ll in front of tn! which 11i flv4r mp~ple to view."

~~ * I ~~"I W.: - -m-turvd.! (rain 1whind bictore'I aAmwRY ot 0fym , cisaantil

*Th.-" wcrit so ani~y of thrm Ivi pts I bf ld fire', thin~king ibiy mislit pvac us by,""N'. v ri wa.o frov-v foth! I e'ouidn't fittitl SIothAT/.

j .j ~to Worldi M r 11 epcenrimcc, tlit't' wervt r., *Ti 101tlt(1 jn ieftii' 014et Olhe 'Wn*hand wa~m held by awin.' dre-reooL'd inhibition,

hiadlatirsdiy, tU10 aMt.is.'.s. ~foru Pa:,NCIP ilnlt s11j not be AS ImpoXrthrit A3 it fAPPCAi

oj Vie' etuia"'. 'Wi may Ceven E,,%r it tl,%t. tirve' eve It iew RWI) Tzsci iti Lv'"aa

1 O(?1&J'a2~,mill Visit tb2ry are' Pver;.ty.. up. lP't there' ix a stYrtirIt r.111"citielhs thsit the'idirm i~ax btworomr. kirrp*iet in the' isflaust.y lific" OtsL fire paN~rkiptiop if, all ouligation ofiw:ir &.11d Vieti oria~~tion 6-& fclt by the swrtM w1d iier.

Thepre' 6h uinnlmnl time nf snmo.'r tnaciirx rarnor Anicrlecati forcuwq. IAe'adersr are Ingrzirm:! &; e'Tmvt thirt tie' M-13i-dions w'auld cft'.n Il.d it"I-f t r4! to'r y individlua

&hPtrpA)ec,(ot4.-,m %crki;;Ir shmiit loly inw flit- forwntdl ortound, takzstv lziio.p.ndvt. tovor,

and thuer zwkitiraz any tArpvt of onsmrnunity. The enr-my uce'nr.kyui.11y empleyo ruchwtGie~l. It isi~e 8'p'-1 tivival.al~y dom.i 1,Y our Kicid, and sucha w*4UCI P:aipr tai'Iicm as

art- emrlrmi~k art' uut'i.Ily an irnproir-otzit~iin of the mromnsttt by Csfl(- or :wo individuals.* Vvh'tilfr till' hIJIlitifi7 flit-Wr ill the rilfi'la I i jot r (aeiisad tetee;inv and triivsi~in o7 mabei

inhibition in thei nature' of todniy'ii av.erttp- yotuag Ainerie'imi would IN- hardl to say.Ah I'fitEghth Anny iisi %hlort oil timcm eiliiimernat for th? snilmwr, perfirielarly Use

Infra~re~d uemm-e nseeded fur vight work. 1)urrv witer ctI'ratihu1: tlisc'4' were proorit inSmuc~h limitted mnumber no- to be' hAirdlly mort' than ia novelty for the' arnumment of the

Use~ ~ ~~ - -~ ~a fte eud~t tile eqeuipmnient its cimritif ty. it would lor st gKoflownd in islight

14 ~~defense, I1tut it woA iniponmsde' wo find any data on individual urni.ce in amrplificationoi O~ili etoiaate..

Oulumpoa9 and oi,'vi~ard; pouted atlong tOr floink t*'nif Up rely mIore, oni automattifirepotwei thimtont0 porv'(Cion work boy a Jew WAmNiimmenI with the' ntle. Vo henr tilt- posimon

I ~comet. under an Incre'awesug prvonife', and biearuu. (4) l'ont- act, rifierme'n itreitirw to) fall backtoward thee ground coverd fly the ' *naerimr jri. -~ st~i 'aWo vtl'r #4Asse tot deploy[1toward th' miadjaoiat oliact- wiech) tile jbtonjisf it- for "Ilinneit prsvt iu..pitv a Xvieuse'uine'rvevu.e (if firing ll, tlaawe who irv orrined -it I. I fit NI , it if, rear I ndeed thalt a kinot ofgo ifrirel, uIsslludwl by (me fof til Ifi)e'avirr weaeussX1., 11ihi Ye a pslv'Itel I111m asit Or PtLabhsh,.ae

" *~~~~ ~of vie' de'011v. TheV' oi.1.'lf e'~nnippl. #of grest ssssizveis' tiisa'slsi'e aire p~iserally- ' ~ I ,ruvzc-d by ait a~ut sib~u saa AI eerr , for a a~aiAimfa4 pUimne(' Wltl5, fur ipe

I us enemsy macisse' guiA stets up isulliwlietr waiheu 7,ý V- 740.6 yaeid vf ts'. fdo av11itg

hlst-,Wd.. a -is li'9514o it ussd.r, purt;Amis girt., it will Eifr o.l'lisueA-e Ini twalt eienw~ t'y the ristie'-

Prtlie' of &, firer witllt one, of lie h-liyse'r wealolka, Ieithser Units by Liep 18msile' AmgjrrsvmmOf two of 0. -, tifle'ie'i. It ill refdly mAta~losii'ei IesW few rxrellU;tthufs tlll UsAn'i tO b1*

found in Usm recrd. tiougi anee susapmt ujo it in by as,.th,v thse mor, in Use. atsno a(

pfvistn1 mt indoetrinrg'tin n ~ rl.P' ta't-t!m. 'The ri!6i,.ii nriild-iaa oan hadcly L.pvrmIstnitrtive in th. empl*ovinrieut of bin ptwTannai wria"~. estept by tplImtn tip forwed rund

whueeran doingj Oivem Shim Ims rh Advantngegn air.Jnat vinemry pir ranel Moving in tWopen. "Phis indivdual mncbihty, piwa st~iak~tnmanula, pluio a 1-a'.t for conotalwwokt In

- the o nemn' of I'mne!r" :wfirll

one. of tho. hr~tvui w',apur.; m1 thii. hiw., or dulew furritt ws' moiraVaris,t isistetin'ly r.oduitwIthi' cliailoo t~hut fire an a vwbl wili I hf ely tsdv dixtrjIbuti-d atong thIts kai-t h of the clef e~ded

front. T1his;i6 a c*1160teral owguntent for doul~ing tki- numtber of liAlli per inlantryantirsnpy. in issuo, ij irnight ve~r) wel) have the ofealct of dc~ub'1i%; the umtiwd refthe 14i 1and CU'bi~ni.

LACK Of TAMfllAL 3rM AXfl

I-iiz'm thr lbxk -,if trur oniler tactkie In our JrfAntry foere aprova.Ym to Ltenn fromdoctruiuk emfphJolin on the imixna(tim-l( of uiit~y waithi the group, rAther thatn frmmnty9%tive (I s r:I irr iii the, Anivro-rn individunt, 011C, otl.!! i9 ofe Of. ti~~ii efftr-tu tietia tuehi. well bcc examis-ard ait thi-, IxAnt, tivougr~it It iriot dirff-tly FeliaW~ tothe utp of the' rifle.

I -Thv Anterieftn efiripnp y unider prrmaure., during uipi httinit dr'4ea'* of a 1wrmetmf,its nevor inclitird toi th~row P. .iurprimrN anto'I~rc&~iure agmtiAut the ojmx% flazak of the

t ~~enemy, evell WhenP thae fltitti~al) .Pt'nr w ha n 11y favc-l~u'r to iruch a deit-in.it oki pcr~d ifJn~~ille.It. (ionaCriewU4 towuitrd the venater l&n towiud the utrongmt

I ~ftrik if Lthe girnext.l prei-iurt, biwitinee uznc'.ztuitObW. If ass apixortulhity affordA to mcii.and une more advait~ageouA gAound widin~ Ltea out-lnt, of the irentra posfito, MaiiseNpiart oif tie for~.. -will u~utdfly fjrav.p it. tHioul'l the enemiy overlook a fold or attensuationof Use ridg.-, its ju tta;sonition w~ Owe niii II xoaalori, fivin whicnh butomat~ir fire. cAn beturned agul::titth (11V'eney flILylk, wenpuran0 1114u, will (Al. advAitaaar of It.

But prartierdly All niain inovrinn'tt 111peetrn to be vireumnwnixxi by the principle Ithat All forev t'..ahauld remhaiin voiot inuoumly in juncture, if uit.i contracteing tward WahI th r. There trno surpnrw Wfis t ira ihn Write trarLm oftw(ro IwavIa

riti-O flank, e.nd the wholo appeuriraue. of Use aitunti:in is Vimt Use line will win or loMI ai'~~owrdavag Us what hpmi n n;'JI iat :aquarter. ,a terli'aniyiiThea left flaatk Trirnstiaa ptIc-0'ally Utielixo'rm. 7Ue "11whirs Run Its that u'etor

thfir foxholra, awriiing the aiw lvlte isbeufl.Tekirnm ta Aeboelaaad that h,11its a draw, buIwi ee.aw tse Pioemny ham elfwd In right twiar to the friendly

~ Ifoxholew, their tare- in Pot at &-naivie deterrent,U miiiauu fn'vir #A, linjiJwn that any of threm wealwvua foom the quiet mono, of the

'I 12107nt.A battery, wai 1ic JaIvrdi oaut eowL1.intoL ID rowduto(1Q ttw nemy avenrue bf Afpmftiwith the objaewt U. throwingE a Alsaik hre, &"am hia rw'ar. Nuoh hlitasid-rnw UadoiW111 womitwsitaly etsuld be d..aa mither faith mnaablaao gunp, lIARP, olight mrawri miami

1 4

ba. plat"'. They aould too tmnanstory by naturi', done for mirprii' edtift-t, anid awiptained.4 ~~ ).m~t long: OnOUjj& tW 11srule' throCpporimat and rruk' himn divert scirn part of hisn formp

toig as sujrt to exp'lauiatsOn. j111t the jirItIfetrt ftaCt if OVA~ it 01eimM ne'r? tO btmitv!'Yn??td even I itt xjuniumt:h wb,-rr infantry im oj rt~ng all its o'wn, Ofnn its hon.m for

vwrul va111 in )CIul ou)t-pimeiollou- W ti.l tiv;t!A.(~ &a gmat ") Sri uiaJoi

surprimw. Im,u it in nc' c-f record thail w-1. aftemp.t extmtcth~t plUn.e tLhen. Inths,M &ain tile lack (if true ma~irr W-ico, our wr~ita11-unit co0r atio~i have a gregrtoiM

"U.,. ~qlL1~AZt WhiIIlt IZILn1AWijY MURUL PrWVidt' 507V PO(Mitift in) 1141 VWAl7m t L6 PU mpjm

with the vinall urdi he' cra pmwtty we-il count. on not4 being, bluffed.Ilith Jairg"-! erilr of oj~rvition-. we euiAoy euririxe w.-d %I~f to a . ilnm

for rfmnlnep, In time gortirm mnade~ tiy imitorcd reunins. Theircamon why lyi gtJrf IWhtto Wfirl: , hy Lce' ardue Iprux~;pIr in~ ourc-,idi.grua tj s ~u hould tic *0l v'c-tti mmmk-ing

c41e;d~&L;zi.IL fill tiam oixrTuticirrim urng t. ii-Or ritudy iii lhorwi, tht mv ig tiot. 4104 ~~exatrxipl.if~ &a n Atritericn euzaptiln t rj t~U dv'a)mr3' 11. How~e-ver, thuem

V I EVALVAWIow

The immue rifle (Mi) lim oe'rtorrnenil aoquately hn Korea and is regarded by troop.witb r4 I'Liira tit)mimnlinc tcy aflrtion. Thin im tr'ut, of till forctim, Armty ajid AIrrilmitlike. They hivr found 'thot it attiftldm up nrdg"ly agniinat die most. extrore tebta byt*.rmrin, wrotlier, an~drougja lixtdisnm. IThey want th~e weapoh left "s it now in, avid

doryhav notua-titonm;4 nalc at VYhowit ii~h I*chagedfor the better.The rills, im miff~icirtlty aceiiTatc for the jiurptoist intiteae.d.

*~~ ltA necord tit hignh mmmorahibilty teukained umstiptimrd during !be. worst storamof the winter.

of all we'spton carred by the Infantry, the MI appeare~d to bp Waiut sensitive toheavy fr xt, -in c~r mc d, anW icing.

Ites "durahvility" lot thle great rrsocn wiiy It ptanrdoi In such hpigh favor v1th the'm. imuy n1(1 lip,~~ nticnd chth vmigt.i (if the piec. because of its consitent peaforwazaca

: ~ Nlmsfirt4 f ren &1l cmup"' by, thri 'MI averaw out at Port wi.ore betwoen 2 and 4permnt nf all rifles esmngligig in (ifinrrat.Iimiq dumir. the winter fCirltiva.

11wu. chief smum-'s of mixtirpotaisrI! (1) freesi Itor, which, sxor~rdity. Its thef rfcrd, Immewit likely W" imeur ini td'Ihperatuiso jwmist lorhw I 'wsseg; U~) lorokeii L.-ing pina W

~S (3bIulilly (of ts,. ellandiiiir.lancluele' unfirt time latter lm~owlinx arr mirb typortS as "'lhCf ejecet' wtiuldiit

wm~k " *,%i 'h.- rinet y sibid! was ext rmete~d itut Iie. live m'und didn't go ina." A16o9 thisltaI.ulation e1 eia'tt those Iiwideti its who isit .!,r iv)q wp'I!trc Ohnt Mes anmnnunitlcmvsepsmehod eewj-ilatly. No, I round tiriung, Ntm. . and 3s amniagi, Nit. 4 iiring, No. So out.arid owl din, it ially, in do.eril-'ieg amoyv Uio th meivaitm. Lhe rifll':,ca would may "ia bur

¶ ~~didn't know what ha guns wrunag with his wt~ap'in dw te meqpway,

-r -W

Smok I.&-n

Acoordihg to Ordnance iauthoritle. (Owe wriior it not wn extort on. the (Urwri~d)themo vtrvrng n~adifnct'.rn am~ ?ti a iswli. nf thia '.huin-havIune A~.0

Even this "ptty perfntrnarw. of the Rmtnu,d44ou is usaj3fiy attUibu.tah to this smtw0.* I 7.ut ist oombAt, and p.arttcuviarly h.% r.ht tighlifing, thir r-mrail brush on tl!P lmitqmwrUfelIF.A

that 1. j1tvry. i 1.. I~ 1'rul- wuid lie 1aa).:y bti&raa U.'e ciaki: 't vce.tu of the c~ris mu.nd

oil gumming~ which Weta it.

WRAPOW IN MUMPENDftIRMCM-

rot ('O,1¶rny, 27th !nfkszitry 11~ejn~rt. enrtffrvd the rc( to the' wovt of the

fromf the oomliany critiqueiw IIuawsit the interiiiependncnw of hiewd-e'aTind wIr&595i In

RfV 1LA- W. r. tDYMom4 - When PSc'ond lIjllntvon m0o(il arinamd to fi'l In on the rightflanrk, we got not raore thbon M(K yurdt whierg builtkL beptiu flyivr all around us.

L. FV DLAWt X. Glen -- 'itvy weret':t eihoot~iag st us. Throe were "luvcro e-olo4sig at.1Mtnm tho Chink icm e.otng on thp tuak horot, aheod of uas.

*5IZ-vDribN - At. itty rit'* we lmd to hit tboý di'ol and '&UA Solis ~ ut?)m~ntuWnen it quik-d L iittk-, 'we pnmrl~v~ forwitrd to th. I FC1r &.rff OW' [-, y Capt VN Up"oto mover die ;mlal::n int-o r, dry rrtk ted jimt wui~i of the 0I'.ere mIpwzNq U. mAM'oItty - Lt MIdrviui Anderw.n, our 4,IadrT, was just Ii. die att of town-plying. Then it oftuzred to him that ho had better go forward rand grt an idea of tLW

* - *IENSRSOM -lie caigd to fn, to pet my men in on the le'ft of what was to be the ptik-

dcpI)!ny int... a sho~Jiow Xtlly on (lit- keft I monvud into the gully. There werf timn-e ofn1.1fln*-nto VAy :r1` Ig.e. ready t utsitaton the hIIAt cam. 'ihe' gurmvr was PFC, WaIteIlrye'yna. 1k~ure he etould mnove, a squoid of abovut sit (hizwese rriud tip from the rorkmin ttnzit of u-.q and oeqned fire with rifirs ond a tmrpj Lmn, One. lIO was killcmd: the elannext to hins )'V'k'd. "Medir, nhedwl 4 Anderrwn. wap looking in dib othver direction;lie wana taundtht I"'sy'ned thot ChNese. i ylled: ir ;tcprAJ us," W ' ca&!Uo to*~lyryyna to £.gwar lirre. lie ahouted back: "'ihey stint up the 11AIL11 Then a Isutlet hit

rm- In time shosililr, I toldl Ilryis'na to Wlay flat and I'd try to* get themn with mvy MI.I Itot off jU!.t relie remutn and nuismd. Then Andprown , arpparingi out oif ncvwlwme, OWie

to ootne arviund nw'. I don't knopw whlot he was. trying to dr.. life r ot wi thin a few yardieof the hurp gul. and they shot isirim right btwweena Oh eyes. htasflPg IiheIb-wk into the river hp-d and went to Orm first-aid stawion. It wasatoitiIt U1111 kwthIwlrlIfI leariwdi that t'ecir frot volley, whisih ot nty hAlt inan, als kIlled hM1 WilbaMM89VpheiM,thount. he' had lmww' within is few yArdA of nw.OViT ALLAN to. sWlOjuss Thp low of the HARt at that !nhpt 4o5flf Mar folditipt the wbole

position. Warl. llrfLeprhr-n'osliniaveois eiaimlod [jerk to to, their wlithdrawal W1,t te1 4mu tmpae-Mwe at#91a-d omvtvd. T 1t1w iiswm howl boon crawling towsad us Pilled both

aide" of the Ruity. They gv't within 16 ysirde. of the itun, alid gv'umadre iieisan to IANlAwOWi It. )'P4C NAuPi was wouuided, DIIV Emer w"s k9Wk. Tho gun WWd b@11

, r~r~

Wting lout the touhlc w%2 that the eac~my xrouqle.1 aro~und the burp ruz wpm Iin deladto I. lten -M elm I~Am'r Ws~kai'.. lw. i ~f~~4ITu tr iVtbrv erraWi.. ISAAC.;

thrggfr.Oe vg-m to th4o rivor b.1d. hIC Ldwzhrd Ij. M"111 t&lki iti cOi~r with rut hJ *aigursd :n~A e'11m hodw] U) gt [w'*k into t~hot gul~y with r. PARl. .40 1 W'Inl fOOWArd with

ikIc 'UJA4' ArtiJ% fro IIfi'm '*sung4 UU15 1uu:~uk - - had ki:It-d List, In£zrJ-gUll n~I61 WAna Olaf or two other (h~uvws. To w (or uurpr* Lithe gcu!y wx' QiAi &rahd wr didn't have to

Wtfch fol it. Nl.I Jow- ti them. An hour Isittr we wv~rv Cold Lo leave t1'.q rivfer bedI~iw nacliio h~ark a tiset TV 0S'. A# wm stANDod cout of ha-i in""y: a IflA'¶lti ru nll uit

got ?A&Aht thmrnuj Live 1cp. Wo jroved Wong, wast~ Mash cmwbszzg behind wt, Bly-~se then LwP Wetv grtt&149 zietdlr.

Li

SiM

* - - -7 .. 00 ,

ChrIE -n

THE CARDIN

A"II'Tb vmOIn~ Pu~vsn eth-.tee-b-wo~esf dghywdpaiguk

the-* -erm ofo*-wl ~ur.ayweefo o2 amupSesbf twl r

ful a-to- -.

'11w imnxsinm- wachrr ithsu(*o cotiuig mt4p. Aforter #hg.'ly a few weeedks the

the dctheeo coid, &at tan pazný anihrt e fromr 5ne wto it0 warh-p iom.ubifoneiso wil ls

meutal ofy du't sod mulatioreo together ill r.a As (hi bujildsup, at groWtal deater, t I

it block. aud the pietv gom outt of swton. lbess in no0 way to prevent uuch stoppaamrivtby fn-qiwist ti'wisppsing and cleanin of Owe Amnfumtutio; Ulm. Is Insufficicnt

for Wta.fljp 'weapon larks "power."9 It Is "too Oelwiex'. Its day4"sdy opvration Is

it was winl-autugnaic. %'wn fired full autlmnaieI~c t Alwastv. anmunualion." %I"

flied aenia.iuatmslsgb ta . An't NjtIwNC-11y accuratz For "aurntd for at nhuderratd dkeanme."U~ 'h'. air a few of ta,-citrorin enava kied by ironxqm wMu ha-.* und the cajizsiA

inKorrean tagiral.m'ne. The .atvil charus in much lomuder tbaa dunnin WonIlu War 11operaaonaliv hdfl1 tin I'Wt;8 r Obwn tla' Ia TE wan hordly an coufaiastidit* ou'~4 The11 MArneap en'aaua s'e'evi mor hairmh tho that of the Army. Frn'n tontobvuutgmn

-. *.j lot Mauistie Div'a"'A talis tse dint, vie. of tni& weApou: their expriwnee witha It dUel..the Cho.~n fite~vmr to~rro 'tn wow Usne final blow to eoptdpa*e. Tlaer' want it lholiminated or muade over intu a dependable wrapon. I to akuar makjwity al EigbtbArm WSWACeY 11OW ti ISane MaY Ablinot it,. A* o00111uaal PaWoim Or uNPAMY 05

ber w*o

J

be iournd whirli doia iaoi fool parfliulskrly liarosily adtxsut the oarbine; the rueacton Ot&lJAP ' 0b I d:.,. 'aI..- If -to iL.-ll imI *.. .0

with anunikw-r of earirktiej in a entiral incwint; asur-e s;imua.U thi' rksripine men ant Inthe "knority, It Is pueitwlnit fat A eorwnqassy to ito throauth a otifi tuWiit without uidvie

tile Wflitv1a 5 u1 b i 1:41 ZI'Sfv l Ue Y t I.Lrr.1; N t. FI.1-14 qi .lM Cif, 1ýi r.-* i~t 4 1t041 WPA ; .'

artilleriy ba~tterieis, woich hasvi has! iwiveirl oxtverie'uieu wish e.Iomr4is 41 deAfel of the Run*-Postiutias "gaiwtt inidttrutski, orv ;+.Tt n..:1 vv toi 0 A!! M to lov as.r4 ^'atl

Incident. Chi t11w nxht of 26~~' NoWn,~ ~JL~y1u~puy 7n intry Regfl!tt~ttUjI a i4P~-r~V .htL'uWi41 wr'ai)r LIv )(1f ~tI the * or"P Of 1.41 Imain

body of Ute* Wrsh Infatitry Divislon. Ttitly -virre vowdy out-nunwn nd by the Chanaw,but. (try held their I~tmatid wilth atwl, vuuht~t tuft!. the c.:wiy, &f e!L. o, tani full-ome!4 elarso,drcrw bowk juWit ox aiwtwi c. vkicu .. Ththpnyv.Oc'an u'r. rd t'y 114-h'r ContiutnAdto full NA tsai. n Dew ground U) th c uut~hwasd. TIhe praoiarv haleid. 1*'.ad MA3w~usdod werv tisanov'd frawz the bdt1. AMNP, ui thine'z mti;.ad In Owi iCoumi of theCflL(Wr all %miorwl veret bmrOWit oIu "2( thte C-&!'justvA. Tlwy wone scatU'vdaround (Ite hill, but no0 one YU~ W.- pi.:kidug ti~ean up. IV, )a4 fouud d~uiiig the fightthaitney w .1c I") dinfrrtd gois4 iknd ve firun.: they wouitA hei tb*wceniy.",

MR to the puimberl~i etet, ef full nu~tumat~i fire by the carbi.roi upon ewriny vction,Ohrem are son .ovurd enteris for attemptits, &n tvah='o!e. In pŽ:e ;zr f1ighif~ which

* SEV~ c-overeid try the record, Oi). re.r btereIhy ksumdre'dm of inridwidtta im which die individualgelatte h('W r.ith Oa;Itwj f-re Imnzl~u Q£ CAilwM lie nahot OneC 0! the etruwy. 11wre are uabeinst~xashwa hiznittd liz nurnzbsr, hiawhirh the. tiger, ut~.. We tkb wrapoil &uwwaa~c&'Uy, LFvuV4dotn tv-a, tiuw, or four of (tiv enr-ray iii d.e Iur-tt drlierod vt te&W'ptiofs-lh4 qeitvw!

rainge. btut what Owu weapon a ut~h' . diwxureut tire enemny and 4eser hi.magrv~ivvr.4wi by 1wiuttza out a catittirrublo volume of ft~r in a ahz)rt aPAos, is not.

pnsuaik y te Ataon zw:nyn~'1in.Thprv were oea*-i asetetblin

ibat, becisune of a bigh rate oi tire i rvin Q41' cau-bive in a Partculr uiwtor, U the itYboftru' U~wcrsgd and drew back.

Them it'da~ua limtit^1ad luiervotirers &hd Nfoli !.vom terimaq' which MUMen Pig4-tunse oaa.a.eIar gv.:w'rally drxelýWnc of any Purl) 1poeaablefr s.itkgs.

HoweverC, (li-t pemiteta Eof tOh., $'ilia'w' ofe-ai aftsek ha.s aPartial 1*arling

of the flottst. 11tey begin wo run low on switnuzthuon belom wn iset suy vUiairw4d iltsin

to witku" Riefwld rajizgw of U~se d.'erdo-d ortwound, uasi for' itiat uiadr does the siwja@a ~~. tbe of tue Nil. I1 whn men &in- panndirmA41Y fairly low Up .ia by tos emwny down Ativp at6mkiU fauie', (1* rre'155k- Ilonmi fi n .% high, Irounid Lio a good clivnre of funding Itsugjk, %aiwtta beeawu of bir-i'tel1vo rrart. ai to Oiw desire (or Pelf$¶ur 'atloI fti

1.ahjtu'gd Invain a aioultrt weapon %vu likev!y pi high. (in hat gvound, the tWdeaaewiwould ton Gafuttvmn lut thowma asrviatjveI (a.3e fighting tm onl ow" rin )KoMIs t~wh ill tqght., earbane volume due* nut ir pmsat thy' .emoy f roms Ol~c.ia OWd whimkWM final rusts. arv naua.c the carbivwo am Lx~wadMa~ to xD empty.

MtTSKII

In t6e drylight jawk. tho weapon mmo, nfaly p#)y$ It. wya. Ouily than it isum mom1 inqtmn~fly inl "i.autonIIWURk PIfinx. and itmi pIviv is mere ev..ly dixi.ributedOvvir the vvttrsve of the easawznont. hufl~ociuli to lAote lisat UiIA *so, sigi e purpc" forWhich Mhe isar#Ane waa ititimded or tbet ob~ft~t (,.t whiei, it, wase chazij to ftlil astomntk.

ThfE taim~ne 14 a handy %wrion for the Jendividuml whom.' dutJeum taka lilm to tbjiZj24 nlyo "' lodry Yki&r Ft rv£T* titxqm demimla, i*.Lh aminor L11ArtM tW t~heir loca

itud'it-i.y laid Ott rlnimw ?axiv... It u alwr; 14kInfem-d 'oia~nry. nr ik hater^! opezafvtbir~tbyMi.t leatim* prcovifr, ann Ld~iviialu xxta-ijr or prlatret.t.6rn. Ikr e'tArnr'e', dihtF mma

oeud two cezbi ts, rat~her th" a Wauuuy !myu and two Ms..Ok10 w law i.4 a a:;i ann al &A t lott 4Liig and firinag. (iverin leakm aiab mjdin.

tezumnoe. it, hii th&ezcw'or it umetuI arm to tie nadi.vjid~mI who(. %,tikf slot io~rrAtdu. to t~hefire hLit. viust, I.* rca.4y W nmm unexg.~i~W101 (1mnm. Ti.. autt 1 Po'!r ikd

*1 ao thalt lIe' ngOn WdJUft tsiilY to such ount JIvgeurimv int a e'lunrigi iK¶'mti in. From whst Aim to Lie otwirertd ina Korve. the ani'i~y-r it, -No'" pivvidtA.c t-%:! inuflidual hm. workingknow"Mdg of the Vnn. A Vvere Ante',''at-mm oentr havin; m~eivrd bmire trzmukg. with

awmpioi, cAn ad~juus quickly and Waurally to t~ip nerc,.uity rot annA&-iWW~aia1 wile'Nelf-prottiou zMquirra It.. Werq it, otlerwwet, the extmme dillwicuti JOUn a logikM OfcommlaUiuuiaraon ina horiL Oouid rCpvt-! iItiv btav.r smolve'd. Thv t'ei cka.eullt-d W~ rn.,ve. goodsithrough ruenillrlmi-dr £vnuntry wervS for the' nift pa~rt uaionmrsilixt, a.~'Idir'. But theydad not laitve to W. 'rts-indoctriniatood" befort. bvenug vnnei However, Ut would havebt'*u tV 7C1mir for h . WAY Annfr.he'" if Ali troomi ve're rmuirvA. to livo

A with arnxw. One acomznuocer od ani jwlatl7 46 rwi' t Optlitp foroefuiiv (on this point:'Thwe" hAvE reu 1m umy o'a'idox na sno um ct-rie'-' whe'.rain individ.,udoi frarn non44-!fr'ohn.inm, Unit.4 wlho Were Jamortaily carkedle and *iIn r!net carr Lu F;ht, P.iwvc;dOf little uw in mi thewiymau, y knww imthiang p( Lnv~mip t4S'Lrtiv. UVaug tiemmas plmmetaboawxw tlwgw was sao one' oblaw, we' found thut they we're' i .ifet"VeI Ibmcausi Llry di~d iot. know hor.' to awt in ouaacvrt witli otiorr OrTherrwiom.' 1 1*ICYP* ~~that all pwsuinnai'1 Within 111i diviniot mnawt be' tmiijlt. to) liplit witinj tOw frarno of U..

squad &nd Platoona. J'or ritanij4~, if z divinuvua ijnduancar et'momnp,f iar in dtaxe'r of "ngoveImn, wt- cannlot Ofled to have' 2(X1 (or *In fitive jindividualp figIhtiioaL in all difft-'tlozu.1 ~ ~ bctu~irtheI Uy &) not undceimrhtrd wlimt munt be' dont' to inpure' cefi~tal e'oatm'L ThaiMme, too, Alluldk know how to 0ouinhoate and fight ma a tms."CASShN3 AND PA"OLWMQ

On GPAnOS mmiwosug sgaftfhiua during patoil duty, th. h~ih fire ftat of lb.eaiIih'M MPY OHMe Omar &avaaatqp. When mien arvivd withs mabine. uir amuignad laa putsvil amuaion in Kw'ma, Why do wat teed to exchanage' It for san M I Wln w nl'in=

do

K ...........

MRRITRICY 011041-10

out. Ile rpced o es not aneluiea %ny indrhz 4nt. stbai that the hut'matc le Aof the CArtrare Waxn Of partICUMMr mpnlanee Lbi thill wne'rv; nor arr Uaere a:t 00oawpk'U0,46

-2 kAMPR.. of CaThIlle fg~iiereqa t'nrogiti abotan a patrol failure. It is to bW. doubted that

whe smn ueimo patrol oarte AT watn t la wxix the )tAlt., Ither wouhid hem any at~rengthienlngs

I . TThm a bmedewll~y no data bprmeani n the SAXaupaV Of thta 060biiAl M~ rAMA~in eacm of tL'J yard. The rmirxrv fortaxilzAas few r~~iuidhn, of crwbime-aitrad fire folling'an"CIII)V Ikldavt' at. tlaioi dixmic-e~a or per.;.a little Inre.. Dut. t.hy an' Poe I W Innwnbact Utat. iw g wewr conciu,;ic-a (hit be utw-a fromn thetu. Witnv carbtue fire hadprovN 'Xillmg e!!"ct. approxinvati ly 96 p'ent.i of Or~ t~lw Cime "er~t wa" dJ'iippel at

lomiocwe of the' frequency of hand-t.w-han4fida~ WII16 lJiwv UJrraSJI4^1U414 664ai

hais bt'en a ouiL~tlt* oppo~xrtuniiy for judg"-.c of ~.wt~ute k.jwz chaaet~eriNt~ic opr tU-6varbiround twc.hi h,a dciavonc-j at close ranac*.

~ I Thit in not a muree' of genrraJ oamrý44. However, there Ii movir iflumirnatingoommect. III tilt appruzmukwly WM infotrtry artijorie 1onvesrvA, ttwre w'ere in all 7 wit-nexam' who ximija Chat, I11.yu.hJw.u fiwii at 4n -r;.emy boldier undter condations where therewarn no :$~ztthat the i'ulI.'t hitd Ptruck tuna zir a vit~il piush of thne Wluy, and that he hadkept on Conling. (We such witncwI is Ist A'. Jooqoh It., Fniher, teat Mlanne Regiment.Ile. weas opmaing of tiaC didcnrt at llagars4zi. The Rait 2Irie iiviamau d~rdd him,

at u~~a one of ito xbk41t and mroott objective comou-a.ny oommzwuders. Thewa were Wis wo"d:3 ~~~~"Abo'ut 30[t)prn~zt of our ea~rbin" gave tt- trouble'; awin"o v'uldza't fare' at a0: otiaer

responded sluggrieday. B~ut the triein resv.r" try troun lomt. ronfid('nae in the' caiine wubetau~w they womuld lout a boilde right in &. C 1111ukme ~lehmt at 2')~ yard;; raiaaie, tol~d he

*wouldn't etop. This happenid to 'mes. '11w bullet strurk home; the' man simply wincedand kept or: comning. 'I'fie" wtic about hL;-! a dowen of iny toten mdae this same Oita-

plaint; Now*mo teM rnwoz ithey hawd fuea Lbri' or four thimn, hit the nma cubh timib,

* C'nmnplaint, acnrnrI. IL- I, wu f cirarbine firr wu Vn emral thrmugJout 16tMariuae Division followwll;the Choosen )i4u..rvair optnratioz. lintl adix "oo, therewas onv Co-rit-F~4 doty'light 6iglata,1g OVer A l0intKrm of two~ woo'ki- uegzrins- enemy IoICom

D1"Ifiug wit~hin nood erawL dswiaanre Jieere tw1riui wand-.-msnu tio it orrur frequently inKosean W&arf ar. K~yok-nr, lJag-wt:-ri, sr.d t'dius-ni we'rt- sall virtuodly airom ojperat~lons,

Ifor Aful~Aarmnhip tw own&. Thr aocurary a( the earbine did noct nww herquLnvt

('Aumenoorwir gWo1 t0.0 it took two to thutm engumneeas at hemsnt to m'ttle theiram la do a autamstAae lnesf of t. Ow rtaa w Soa they W9Wnot P~l A4

too9 11 RSTRICTED

;41 R.i'a M-1116tUUVsULtuA Lit!%: Y. but. ii IAP-a jettliuizigtMl nt' ith Wa-r.j toriag Aboutthisu SdU1flte*1iit the launii. IttMAU&W. TOW fc4 Dgii01(f&(0iA of thts 0M"vtWR9 s*I LWe4)nr vajwjjp, rqn4 f.44 Ouknnoftic tM prtuv-i.d iso nh,411ional pme-er to fA# utnfoaU jinin.~

(ire-Atlv to the- Imint am t" .* wordn quoted bv E. J. Kahn, Jr., from what waitOWNd by S'C J'Wph~) P. 1.e'rr_. Caparyl ConilpaJzy, 270% JsnfiLi1ny H111*jr~nt, about titsWeOapon;: "It firex too fax&.. It'll gP' oft 30 rouldr. befori vou knotw it. Whan a umn I&.hi.'titilt at w-imehtidy -- I Jon't carr wibu lip Im - ie'll ret. rxc~i 4A and grab thetigtjun~d if h.'I' rott a C&rlifiv,h 4Mit1% j~~ ust ktw;. 0!: T114V~ wai~s te'ful. 11.1,,you aan kill iP man wit~h I or 2 v.1a4 etts &A :::~ 3: ::

Conerniig he arbine, thgtre WOM u mitothmmkndIevrcoipa

The folinwinig Is extracte-d from the risrretative acoeowitofteaiv bEy

- Company, 270h Iikffntr~y Ileiimntpit, on the t,';ht. of 25 November:"I'MC Navarro maie the Citinewp att.w~k with zinuchille-gun fire but got off only

one Phort burst. 'The onerny wer.t atrauglht fo~r the guij. Navarro and MAI MAft~tint,PliC Beverly, wemt shot to desath by a Chiries.' wit~h a tonhrny pmn, stftdndrg directlyOver' them. A gri';:adf' ltidtode hard het?!W.Ai7,~t Jlitwkinti, lying in the shadow beaide

* LC flureh. Thexp 1-xiIttioni lifted hunr Innhly and blew hitr acroam 3Purch; hie log wass). uwred. ITC# Isriisk~nan, alrea~dy sounided in the skiniuimh on the right, was st.ruckby it seeonid bullet. ('pI Baerry, who hhd [men trying to dress his wound, was 4ws shotdown. HoKamenuip yelled `Ilse 112AR' jatrmneIt'

"Thee." thinics hnpg,.Ad &A (wiut ax the next Pereend. B~urch Phook loos from~~ hI Hawkii-a and juiuu'cd to him fewt. Nouw lie could ge front 76 to 100 Chin~pa 41 a wide

lra-irrmle eu elem ulqun him that b1w could have, donted any part o~f theo 1.1-A withi awimlf-thmwn rock.

"Il know that Hos own psiratiott was no good. Fnrom the Iai)'r c~one on the.rgt icChirnr~c iroull luok riv.1 14 v fir.t jIs~i,~ bi.1~, hbu U114 el#Fr taW WuJ ikok Ishii 'an

Ulnk even if he eould IvAt back the Ifle' edosingl around hip frunt. lie shouted the order:'Jiail bach on1 the (ompansy I' asnd so hsis survivuo. too~k off at at iun, lie a"oo his ground

-one nian, roversivi their Wtrat with the fire of his carbine."it worked Iwautifully - full aut~;inntir &A longt as fie earistinued to Pull the

trilter. At lemu than five yards ra.s'v lie killed two (hihsv,! who trifid &o takei him inarush. Thes nuot hesItated jumt ku..' csstuvlu Iliai men gui. away witbout as shot beingfied at themn. lie tirrntwl his bowk wid fouihneed LsAeni dekm-n the riath."

N~t-e: Iti s thnt iaar,.e witn~s, Lt hire),j, who firvit gowisened how the am~f Y* SAsyI~opay foltoiwinag the light on thet semond night, left mnany oif tteir rarlpines On the

hill, tog hyrtiv- l w eln.lew woal odo Aoi"VO"pet., L4 Wii ow IIT rvaU i el Tu;h a arl erjd

as1 a_ _______ _____nnaknthsitaep naoabet h eami ~al

"a HAPTER IX1A--t

4;: A7

'-S Aq 7

JrL

THE BAR

Uindor t-he eonditi'rn of the averago Infeiitry fight, in Korten, they $ Aft. eve'n uscgnilbm the zach'Ane g=n, provides the fir loipe around which tile action of cthtwr hizfen'tqweapons builds up and the forcoexpmmeas itaeif unitedly,

It is not alone them ram thitt analysis of company operationx warranta this appre-rlation of the wcrapnn; the nme also miake this orcantvn~ of it. cffert~ivenam.; they sit~tefrankly that It is the mnaiumprwng oi their action, .Aid that whemre, tbe BAR amovwand firvii, it givens frcesh impullo. to tilt rifle~ line.

Appreeistion of the' BAR within L~ighth Armiy therefore re'afhnna ezpr-riono

with the Paine weaponl in World War 11 operationr, ho~th in tile Pacific wid in "rthipsj*

bipher inui-simr of sailre 6V t&~ BAR in K.orean o'pwrationa Oi/uz i Wriwd )War Jlfighh-.4,for mamionn which will bes explnzined later. Evon so, ther., is iso dintinishing of generalLmfa.rity confidezsee ms the effrrtven-= of 60h a-wUtnatic riflc. It is atifl coridcr,4"IsA46pensablas" and troops ahudder at any osuggpatior that It mniaht ultimately bereplaceid by sainw other wompoass TIhey CAnnOt 11rnageew'n hAV1r.g LO gStL alOng Without It.

TAhe re#Lwon that the 11AJI is rated as tbe ianitifxty of the hro bams is lwea~uM ofthe gSmaLly mnodifying infiesenee of the Koyro'ut terimin uplon tile utility of the machlMa

gun. Thm MYJ arpjr~id rim-him. gunners they are nireri expert, in their einjioYnwiontof this weapon than in all rLw; they are trwsimitriat; their Xta&& air of every typie ndierLOw. eonevvcea so. they hmay the knwek of koops'ef' t;heirs p~isivgj in the' attelok, tlea'y bringtOe gn in very cIhw'; but thry are xtmd At. £"onccs.&rrsa'. tlsuhild brush, hit lket, androck ledge., ann terwoforw tile ek..e in targe~t ima.ouinm very clupive. Tile reourd containsmany .sxamnpk of CUd' maealui guns bearins~. sin our positons ot W)-40 yards MWn

iand egntinuirig unweaa. To rounter (lis fire with ono of our own pmsct&ijLu #,un& UMUalYemUitstm- brinuing It fat kew.mird. witha oonsequent trudden Geamb, Oither in transm

or moos After p~m~mnfzi. Ome MU crew@ art far more oLvioias In amoviLs &Ad in mitUAS

Sa"bIITRCI

u.rtThIAR, wbirh Isa 1ea~rt 'pt asid uaupally 64~a its operatoar an inuidi*IW

BIAR fire Is #0-' the clatd.rdaprewaant of mnipn fire delivered from rvuir*~ wdob-oWeC Wu clan in for Lih*2 suann~rg aild tcc f~r nut. for the gre~nw4e. One uiat with c lIAR,If heir ith .ight~initti. WM~ lowt. A patfiu4e'r a,.s~z~ - :~~ ng ;i'-~ t'

Ie~a thti n r1O hvc: or sirihi. rw ii. Azlmw4 iti, jte~b'y, lAlk It uC1 Ameexempary i thir canseravation of arpmnUitiUof. Tfwy do not have ,iervou.a fingei;

the~y Puimr-iti brim only whe~n thE' m4iltiOnl 1.aUly 9141111611kiu it, aaa Wht11u in aO IS00MetQirl9

ouiu&irai~rty sorcing jwerf--ru;atnee by the opomtoMi.

Oiclni ertowar teikit inC d~ round will tou~~isil bo Nd to oovcr 9i. dra, taer ZIia' ntheW!, W40-1 our sigthe ohrippt althue mof i a wrojigai whchw4rrsptiual oabeo

defense, stroil(veg~ outpoxiti.g is isequiir tcrub theic t~lt hu lo iVrm cotact. easind expa

siuton. -rningd thot r-'w fl, Is6 frtah tro x-iat oe p~foint, then IWO are benht'fl Pruiernf t

Wotitifr wit, tlohe~hia-gn wtpoJ. irripptit~ruw enerny ifrniaVlyim thd'rutonadbay tiarikeW

det fene strou difficulty. mrqi-l heDRias ienta wvn

9h theeku new BAR, thah fromu ithertouythen!e in n, th.finjes Ph~ch hadleprieg..t wan Ipton te, thim weti n lie~sne butw~ utl *xxnot every~d Ala' wlii a the Inlmen

wurnattirof Hoppead Ci on 'lukyc antgie of the onyuistryad (uiave imapaese uponIt.

-I rvi-g isWn1*lb ytito etyo odwble "rMira dusi~ thr Noernx-rbtate, t br-sne eidet tat 11-1 An taare

to ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .th Aa. CU! tall ~i A s R-t1w f hthdcn

wnmj wih te *1110n, iao eicump~jia wrtinve~ilato. Prticlary i o-

ane~t ge: Uy would with tht, probable o 1k'quarnen thrp' %onw of the rehuflt. weapons

XIn thts cdroumaittaroe,, it. was lrnpooalhile to dletermine whe-ther the 2nd Distt~iakn,3UQh Infantry (a rrinarkil.-y stmunch fighting unit Pndn o~ne of thle few thatt spoke

fnvoralt'-*~~ ~ ~~~ ft± O*f eabif a £4 ',;r;( t nllxro ~lditinond weajwrv, wie, thnt tliim avvutAd j"r ltr' bii~d fPX-' fe Oif

1I-Alta had survived the battle and the tvtrvat through the fins pgu.it4 usouth~of IHunui-ri,tho~uih the men relvieuibrrd q~uite W03 When~ sne, whvrf, the I4A10 .1a -flikd Lh-em.Also, the orduhnoe avoords had bee otti ".i~o there wum nor- w~iy o chocking throu~ghon thiis significant dettiJ,

*El,~,where, thougli the reoord wam oceessionally jpotty, the ra~e of failure was*not sueh 11at. the troops fe-4 rmy real dixtrem I~e-uae o! it fir ttndoid to 1*111 thin 11AR

short. However, the *qnt eh'wk revePa1ed thmt. alyntwt ilvenrtesdil '~.teweafpon

hrits rdkid, it. wami a recondition~t.( )1AR, AE r ::t fu 1xser niiony M 06t, cold weathercamipaigning, thaere were' ftwer arid fewer co hiints rf this eharacter.

On the whole, there~ors., the 3AlI 'An Kere.rtiienitm a clenn Hil1. Undf --md~tlona01 we gzrmatmr Ud I'lis,5ty, thes pwooLg~r tit'th weapon is not. ien iii".as clurniN . A'"If-rhiWi11, And' its. trctirei employtnwnt is niore greatly varied.

AI!OMENTATION

* In the view o! thi grreat malority of Infemtry troopit x.nA emrnanders ýfnKorea, the fighting strmigtli of the infantry company wouuld be greatly inerenwed bydoubliftg the numbevr of IIAB Ro while reduriuug the nurnher of Al carriers proportionately.aTAilr C*,td'd be done w,.Ithout adding an upwetting burden to (lie company 1oad.* 1befinal arguiment for the chotrie ip, thnt it would mrike more perfect the balanicing ofoffenaive-defennive strrngtir with.in the infamtry company.

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KCSTaRKTM?4 1109w mSPAI o

f' A .14

7!

MACHINE GUNS

?MERfl U"-. ~~The WWIIer of wiweiii.u~a olperation in Xonr t, hi b'hly uncoriveeiionnj and

Contray to 01Ci, book, but the groUhd 1wrmiztoi of nothing tire,-~1 . li i sktze, thc gun ip ni(JhA frequeritly uned 1x) ~l~t;tk the nhort! likeliy a&4sunue,of

ajiproei Is; iL~q fire is dirrtetd xtrawght ualwa' irnakrad of frusm fhaiskward aicross the front..* 'ha' AV-rttg- ii~l.lop p.*titonl. by ression of ('liwltiort arid tl.(, UUrveruse' (f the ridge

crust, doJiuvawt lend ittwiU to over-all jtrotre~ion by niriclaint guiat. They (it thtir bit,but u~iwidty they are bet t4) toiAverw over is rl.v iy ituro hft4.r (of Lkit perimneter.

Occatiwodiy, &A the~ grourrd sivil spt uattson Imerinit . Ilt prut 7I are ritt upo n a nooseor fold in the riulp. rummrig at right Aliagln to the deoiczsdanjg line. illsue!) it Way that ttiM,fire will takr. in flank any lpody ni'vitij d'vwtly into tile Impit ion.

Momi fruquerstly t!?:y arn eli&N;otb-d in auch 4 wily tue to covecr the, naulo -Irltwi or¶ .1,.4ashpw Vaoe~ to am-fint bay the enemy.

Grw)Jh~d o fie orthe machine gusn Am arfy zswt wihjnKra 1Alfit4 fartor in the terrain doPnvvjw Ole wealmoa of sta 11merid tortsetd Itower And 1wrpusmalnn

and 9throws PA extra load of work an Lthe znuirtara, the. DARK4,, Ald tile~ riI~rniel.E.vepn t)iou~th all smnus remxain ;n cp;*ratuan, tsa sww ire alom, lk tiever euaou~j*

to be. up eiiwuy attack iuod Xivm mwarity to the pxmooson.'1kw ((1 develop flheir fighti-ig [vower Iargd.'i arounad a barn' of nisehlno-vin

Sjfirv by (1) bunkeruvg Owai guisp Imeliazad bravily rnniosl alt wtptk ke wln oil de-fi-iee, anid (2)A4va~neug the wius wrll 1o Lithe fore in UvI attark, trimpito file eiit~&ik-d CImure-.

(.Wr Suns air. .ri'ks'irn cnjilnyed in this maniver.I Ins thie aLt.Mk o'ur wn-lflhtinled uAaachime gusia are not or'iinurily premied far tothe fure but arv inote likely to Im ulwod w o J.-widae a 3orns-r'overing fire fruin Wh,&tevo

:1 j pSowtan will prfivide thor rcuortaby good pruwtsun. Evien so. we Woe. a high per-"Datae of A&ACIUn. guns to enemy fire

-60- -A- 111111

On defense, tile gim in usxianfy fough~ nt e i n w~c ~ edan 0"n'r tbttef

We mam~iver morm thei.n CCI'; 'Jaij n poa!t1;rs are rnos' vqirnt. IhN twtii m

tirbe to Provide the gun with at pmtzetd Sit.ing. OULr o-mr tor !:!likely tolwar a~kmguntil 1st.' afterkiwnfin tht, ru~nm muvt be rei.1v to firs' 1-y c~ark Imn the mnv 'efersi"#

Thieac P~mt-O~ W ,rtenoc in o-.er-~tng meth~od do not aeutl fctrýxvefficirney, or Jack t~hen'of, in the deývekpmnni of rrmhL- rlin tthiqc Rmbtlr, tii.ySoriP0 froam tthe fk(-,t t~hid the~ two sides at, cu.pirwying two sm-ciAly di~crilix mticul~ tmttIhbds,in whiUch empharmil on th~e inaxrnine "i~ is onjy parl vi t.n\- over-au tor" mitmOon.

CCV -t~rations arc, chai cwta-rd by. s'mpliti of iirv ma:n4~rz, OrctII-ri:L rbrwn-dZ11&TnM Uflitk %_4 bdMIACM uICU W XL '!he e1 jen0;ity of this foc' 111M a-tl-is ma.~ of th~e etimbiing f %tors toward Lhi*s ezsi. ln %CThiliep? -raw W3can1 be~ eo.D-mit.Uod rcpeatied!y to mrututiotwp~~utu no e.w#pe, the wtkrAii ipso fue~aiols giveZ

a ehmonm to score henvily prior to- hquidatioin.Our operations develop aroun mnultiplicity of r'im mtPm - an' ev6lutlon momr

rmrký in oumr jArm!yI4 *~ti 0 =rvt4m*T .f,. 4 ~ '

because of the vximlenmo~ (if so r4n.vy conim-1#-n.intary ~~nwokpj,'ev hL.a~ttualy .hltnL ofrnsi!-~~~~~~~~~umsox1 P i5 n erinneetinn w~tt e~~nv Ir4I. pS 11 m-k1 tr.inJo

uiem, are trnmrd!y ~kr.Theme ým ok-me omaluiof when the run in UarfuI at thekonger rangem for reLatively brief periods. But in the crimies of action, the prreponderantportien of itz fire almoRt invarlipty is dirreted a~gniust the immediate foregmnund. Aswith the rifle and the BIAR, its killing effects for the momt part are tichieved at rangesunder W0 yards,

The CCF employ the naebhine guni ft~ertivelby at rnnwee running t*tween XOArld taOO yardm. inl the attark. whlen t-L-rre i*suei~table rover in the foreground, thi-y willget in ua clcxv' wit.h their ,aachin.' ru"s' with rifler &ad oru1btrihimo, guns, arid in localemuttr-atwakui durinSg dayliht. if they ar. odvpntapd by a thicket. or brush-eaveredsabient, thpy will Porucfmrrs run the mnihi~dne w As; a~u loo.. low" -. r '91m bJa .

1"heir reckless' and tm--'us of the weapon At extreme mhort rarqcep, howevtr,in kwc instrutivr ChAn what W-eir imprvory appears to lack over d"'!'tnees wh-leb ifhave always contmidmred quite r,ornia tor the HIMG. I 5Olyi)U~f~e)iIlIiUCIA

~$PV~1VV~EAVIA.$mIh ~7Y~ V throM e rriftr Fun P!tu'eesfully avg'iott our infitntry at

say addi~li nnCA.JIC y0Jards~ w the dmssxner, our troop.. are ni~ai-i'~d misu'muaeetbleAto the fire and pny it little heed. 7hat.hl! peru'raly true even whrn t~i'r lIrr im drliv-.!rebrosMzie sjrainpt. a NAdY of inf,.rtry or a ý*!m of velwir4es) offering rt f avirly lquima!tiodtarget. Anacwrdaing to the book, the i Nit; should Ki an scruat~e mtoppiing vleipon sittheme lflt;rniedijte rangm. lnftofar &, the griwral eximolcwr~m of our own line, durln;the winte'r eampaign ahdwds light an thts oithjst., it doeo unot work out ini pructic-. Therewre mittmiukvium.mznpkWta in the tecord1 of engwIgmentA wherein two or tbrl"eflyetmy guns.fir~iti I arsu LX;40',J.ywrds di at~nee &an~i~t oie. limited t~srett arra, faiiea to bear effoc-tivI'lY Ourins "%vmrl hours of Nchting. All of theý ek~and~tnt eircum.t-sru~i* appearedto rirsat that when tireu- are saclangs'd at rizmc; in ouxa of wrna'where batwen

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MWA and 6M yard.1, t'e rntte of effetiveneaw to 1ws dependfent on what the Run Ma dIOthAll CM Wha~t th!~e 1h~it"%ft A-19

Thci" U- o! 'tiiachintu guna ix most potsigtent. The'y have the knank of keeping0aI'ir lr- iod anci op~'rntirg under "ny weather -conditionim. Th~tir fire- im nx-eurste atthe short dtirLr-n arm. Vh~ .ykt ~ ~ r nintie ~h tbri~biý-rt (if kriepi R

inort, rsith--r t!n~n 4n rxýA e of~~ ti U"Itm 1w Nti;-otiug krntý dU. L #-riftrmnlvo. 0ii of them- rather el;!tnent.ary twzhniquca, they achiieve 1arj~e effoea. Thegun Is pce14y munh thre pivot, of their oattack.

In gener-id, the irnpw-t of ouir own mac-hiricguni fire upon the !ocid situation inS'e~n i- iln W ineiii of a&er wesions ow-nod

by thiý Lnffantry Whhin rc'fert; to the .30 fire~), wcnitdr tw.rn to br -'h- ~~i n pastperiornmPrnef- vy mrnnrn Americza forc-pa. T-he inraancex tuv few ipdeed in which theopermi-on of the machinie gunn aipoir~er. to be the d"tckive factor in rvriziaing a po.nion,or in dItrprmizain the count~t-rir-c whu'ii i.- deterring the a~ttack. Why-. ttiril is% PLO bnce'adifficult to eiiluatie, atince, the LMG i,4 Mdxort newcr nien Ilo anionlg t-he overb~urdeningitems in Lhec omprany load by the load rcrriers.Th eh.ot1. i.n phiivethe Funnerim doi not at-rfLigjr-' There &re ineitarncr in the, mrard wher;i~ ~i. w--- idb

trops irettychagin th er'n, po-'itiron. But the average. emn'nfvn.mnt of the gunis not mnobile in rtmip.ct Wo local chanwre in the tartical nituntioin. 'ihis mity well be t~heeow~equtnce of an inerti4a hihercnt. in our multiple weaponm svitern: io it. not %ithinreaimm that one oi the ta~ctical effects of wenponA multipli im ion in that the additioni ofer,ch ner wepapon Wnd 'toower the relative locid mnobilty of ev~-y. oth.-er we~!Pen-?The em~ployment o! maschine gums in Forea, paet.icularly by. our attatk, would waceU)call for ePit orixt irn of the quc tic, though the ph~mr~ rI~pieand mobibtyof the average BIAR carrier is evidence to the contrary.

AUG VINTATION

At leai't 50 percent of company officerm. and ma~ny of tho NC'Ox. imogert a~ugment-mwg inarldne'ni~n int-rrnrgth witlhi~n the. unisto . . ii ht.i i ole.MreAction Is perhapm 1--,A due to etrang convirtionit gbut th " ~tiv ratia ' rectuwrought by the writfr'on In %-aryirig circumptan~em, tha~n to the rirrutvM-tree that because

~~~i~jii1 b1aiiown Wn u~e eliviay Iixr, etc., the mrarhine gun In almontnrver prexcnt fa TE Kt~renr~i. In Owe com-prnary op-ra~nt:: brought undcr etudy, thoi

was one .30l operable, sometimepi no'ne. Ther maximunt wiv thnrei. W'twther there, wasa chronic sthortage in rexupply, we~akness in the ri*ýuppdy chanwim, o.- & deficiency inrrepar And in~ainfrriacer function were (Juettifof' which the sturvevy'r iarkr'd tlhi facility,owd peirjtencP for a fuihiw-tOhrouigh check, decit--ao their critical impxirtance.. Thesalient fiact w" tht, nnall number of inachitie gunit available for conunitment to timeaverage company ac~on.

Not Im surprising IN the percentage of failure in mawrzi~np-M fire at nome tliuidu,4nw the course of the averW age igoent becaume of mechunical trouble of one

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kind ur another, foauity IkAndldi~ by the crew, *to it Iii I.ot pw~b to SPdy' ~e..To t..ie.. .. ,k ~ ip~ tii nt ~nW. s4onie otheur

hand had finrdly Vottn the gun imbck into opr~ationi. Or the gui- hud ie'n lo~t. OrInthe rmidst of Wftiure it wan thot thrnuF-h rn.wi abanriotied. Thea.c actualities of th*

batth'fiehd pTohit rprpvi"e1ev~duntfron nf wrnp~nri difitildtir.s

speaking, of the .30) is on 0wh ooniwvvative RlLde. Tioo t~hin in~ exrhitivp (if the rtfrc~ptionnieod~e~~htdijfrkilt-6-K Th~e e!!fimptt-p can only bo z mug~h ai~prTjximrinnk bkeýituz* It

r~WWst~t4 drait1in With Krfalal figrurps anid averiaglng out ninny actionsa. Alsoc, it is

wc-rr ill dxap,-0 Nrtinn t~o th.c avel-aige of perortriponft *ithin the 'Eighth Army. NoneUie lesa, A 6s aw PrrmlU-gina mtihat, li- t#$( -. .tie 1o corn;ptiy WzilwericMjtriped,-I the entry oreurn, mrnef often. than not, that in t10 MoUM of oombat, oneRtIll Or Morf Went, out of ortr~ation eiLher. permainently or for P, proionpgd Weriod mnd

thlthjj, eorr1ny felt the tooe..

The %coire doc flnot inc1 udw th ov, Fminm wbich ran out of twtmiunitfon and thcem~or&Qm fire 1- um;; nihs die iikint I morre or lew norma~l.

TlIMoj11 the Xtate'ment cannot be documnenuxid for thf; rrvaonp r&Iewy outilned,the ropetit~ion of incide~pit in which the ctir went out of nction nt. or near the beginningof firing suustuins the irnprt-spdon that the fanult is k in the Wel~pun thit in it kade,Froin thp questioning of erc'wit, tlit're is reasion to believe, thatt careful inpprectioai of thebelt prior to firing is not consistifentiy -aone even when th e (ircumfitvncez permit it, kudthant the origin of cont-idcrable of thew trou-ble is in b&Ad alignment. eta.

7232 DtFC1PIJIZThitt ig extrrinncy diMicult to rs~timate' urle.-t nyi has been rigbi with the gunneri

through a numN-r of erigag-ýmer.ts with difli-ren~rt units. The wriicr did not choose totikke advnantmnpg of th~t. opporturitv; rn~nchinc-pur fire wos ohm-rve~d fromn no clore'r Il~anthe bnt~attion Ot, nr K itsquivalenL, and this onily ra six inzt4inees-. AceordinK to theteptlrnr, y of all tro41, pa~ir firnng and exetwxive mtvpI of fire awnug the nineltire gunx

& fzlot10 v'ieer.nzIr. hyhiontt11E.r 'Wfl thr gunne-i' mecx ".tan venuneecinrditionp; of' ~rwt urr s ure ikl as itipfiy-6W. i or %11 FS iprienemy forre. In itight nttack. "I rontinut-d to firr in iaiamrt biirst-.ii" im the eustoiruu'ryaise-up by the giuinnr of his own itetion. Ih14 t*,6imam)y musit be rfeceived with pomne

reton.TIh" un~~~I;iiztetat in 0tt -mind (if t~hr tvrrng.' gunner "firingill short hur-,ts'' in shout %ynonyitioum With 11fljig ~ tijý fingrr frmi th;' tLrigrr fur a fewseronds at. frequent int*rrvall r.-Uwr thFmi ret'tiny, the pin wt Id.1 tinv when thexr prt1no manifert t-arjjltA wid no) (romjwiling t~rtiea~l rphm)I1, for firinK. 'Ihist 0ordti tno reliefto the weatpon tk) far ato over-htativg in cmn-mrnevl, nnd It does not ooflsret L'-n)Urinjxitionl.In poect wwrs, when the '.ptA ,ofi ~4 1&1 K011:1 W=~ D ~ ;nulticulrll lh-in operstiorns, and a barrte! could 1w niore mAsily retplacedc on the tPoxt, the fire discipline.of the, crews wm Irmt acuttely tAef-ttd. Th;: zamiune guntwnm #u~i..th:! Eighuth Armyinfant'r , reP poevubly %A &ugrnwiv-r, intriligrnt, azid conservative as any we have i-adin tile 1pat. If thmv. are vo~.-nr mrncr training wpkn.-m"e which ushow up more ptvusi.befitly in oamitat, It in becau,, of the ptculiau vxewtiones of thbc rutral vituatixft.

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TereONrd ls'repiet-W with irnel de'ntp !n which a platoen or eompiuiy, undrr heavyPrMEUre in itZ posalion on th~' high ground, im comprwimr o wth I~dTI&w slid .*,k to rutv.ganla. along sorive other portion 4i the ridaio. The Chinzf.e take over the vaaedWxround, and A-. M~t4rMvr10 frIK1wjA bx-fo" tlirv -Lri ri-ndy rithvr Ln pmw rirwn'-I Sg!Iafl orto voncr'ntrg94' fin. argiiip~t Lhi blin aviIg Which ths. Us!tner' have Withdirawn.

Among thrAr intridenta, thorit ir- fifeque!nt repetition of thL.a oerr':the MMnne?.0on thr LMG defti not clear Uit, orginal posluon in Lime, citlor. becitla- lie frr'ecc onthe grun, or frurn his view of th*-- W~d does not sense wlat is necurring, orG? "LMbeing, toid to stary therii s~nd tire, he i% not givein r. personal order to pull out when the

R~~wUL '~ JAP hi s tirnally the firnt tarcrt in the watak. Tlie nemy kilLs tile gunnerarnd', seliingram the l gw ei, Uiti -ias it& fire aRainst tile Us oompany.

7,6111A "ePetition raioes the qu",Rtion whother. so long ra 11Als ire preeenrt, useof the LIMC to0 provide. it covering irc in support of any linited withdrawal of thischunracer inn't a doubtful tactic-&I e~xpedient, sind whether it shouldn't be sawndbig pro-ceduro to) c'lt3r rnw,'f 111 un1ws away f rz and Wcave it to m.or@ [slobile autoinatic weaponstO PIT0VdIC-~h30 pUlke Poethisfe. Whetn in enveloprmet in in pr-tgrww orl iukvvi.' grtutnd,the LMCI, with ita fire radius, hitnitkJ by the terrfain even more so than is the BAR.,can do little or nothing to tulow Ute attuck from any direction other than the fine along'Which the- tun in C* itkd. The'lIAR. Rh d rifles have more f reedom of action for rtasonwhich are .quite ohvjoux, and their operators are far les3 &pL to become t-rapped. Thcremame exsrnplems in the mmerd of p!fttocns bein~gt-ripc-d out &ster losi~ng theinr LM(3 n 1. #Lt

magmer. By comparition, the BIAR geta reults without attendant jeopardy.

"M u.507110110 t~he.0 calbe fi-uve. little. In the hillt" fighting, it has paid Its way

in Korea, jiarticularly in defense &1:6irut infiltration of ground rearward of the infantrymain line. Close dýfeanze of the artillery gun poslitions could hardly hold togther withoutaim weapon. When tile ground a. suit~able, the artillery durisix b-ivouac cutposta thehighb ground salng its flanks with .30 inaddne gun@, BAlls (if they have them), andmaybe a covering detail of hiieawn. The Ms0 are likely to bxe employed within thePcslticrn or 10K ~twnxt te the sg--ri. The outp~osts are supplied with radio. Again,levperdin~g on the ground, the light machine guns mny be I 15002X yards forward anid

to uW, Uink. '*ThP eriort is to cstabliah a killing gnituni over fhe Main slat an the 1-e-NIIy&1vzrn4-e toward the guns. Tile v#-ljculag-mouuiut*-3 .50s also coveir the rear, anid if thegu-nq firAidY h--e to be witlidtian under pre.ute from the entniy, fire (rot:, Ohe .605provide's the main Protetion for t-he mnovement.

The, followinig extract froin a critique covering the defenme- of a gun positiu'l bythe 8th VA fin at piowk on 27 Nov~ember ION) ithown the xetion citiy fruira the viewpointo# Charley liattery, thou .h all b'sateriea were eovfrwvd. It is a good example of defensive*!nployment of the -6,0 in combination with other wespona.L.T 3XOLAND M. XHftiV~r, jft. - (hir t'-' outposts were as showni on the sketch map.80t William F. Aragwi was on the .50 alongiidc the road, which Lv..'Te"d out to be thepivotal pooltion. The gun had been mcvcd up just before the attack on. the per~metef.

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uM'R Nub" " mhba... riuuiilng I~M fof~ r thle :niuantr-i forf up fronit of usn aImouiWo the inament. onsr 4nwn fim fight m-11~t'.LJ..i .~~ A1... iý .,6 ..

we began to hear 'mnundq of thte light. up nhe~v., w~hemi TF IDolviii and -4-comd B~atts-lion,31Lb Regiment, wtere e~ngnged - womir CXYO yardsm away. 0nr. hour laiter we Xet wordby t-elphoiw Otha the Infantry waA unier "trong r~ttrk1 mid trOF-lt not tv, able to t'o!d.A, 0,30wr u 'i- i~d tha ther Chintww N% ri' i'vmi ,rU1 ~: flZAim4 uf "Ir iiofanryP.ii: Wf"uld 01 bo n G'on. G" 'Je! t.1, f trm- C'q t t, L,.- F0. Righ ~4"491 W

alerted everybody.,CAPT FAUiL C. XULfiMEt - AboUt ='I( HIQ jBai4U4:y'fi WII* frtU-k wribt (iiii. 8--mult.aneouay

v... * 17071-1 isi F~ 'a cjii~~jm*- i;;.a vior11 iouidw4 110 floynn!) to mzeir itylflt &Lnmum(O~heiar bul)USI. I'F(,C.1,~ I.A~ . Rurtrmt-i W m& ;i 0m" 01, onI 10.v riplt. Wht-r. he told me mbtut.thle btjgku, I Raid: 1Btunkl 1\ou'm; lnv;iiK iugriflgm,. figuT,;; w tht lIke hnd n cw* of mmrmslife atud: 'Well, junt. lijityit V anti held the in~mtrurnent. out to.% strd tlik sound. lFumre ough,then I heaftd bugles.

P.un- Our outpoiitAn ha~dn't fired becmeuii~ they werv-n't m urr Our rinfantry wophaving a hard time up front zuid we. werve .f raild nAcme of theni trght. be drift"Ing backupon usi.M/B 57'AN?.T 'Wool -1I had be-n cirvulating arrong the gun positiowl wili Mi'S E2ddieRT. Crocker just to check on thingi,. 1 cRU-d the Captain anti said: 'Thcre are peoplejuumt 50 yArda in front of me. They're talking a straige. Imixguagt!; I'll be dwmned itit's Korean.' Hie said: H1old firel I'm not cert~ain yet.'xumm~n-, Wo rtiI~ had-n't fi.reu a shot. I wImht4,d to i* %6Kioht~ely sure. Thben SFCJazneq E. "olhter, who wam on one of the lend guns nc-ar thi. f.-miard houp-, next the road,heard a bugle blow. It emneI rrxn-i a grroup of about 50 soldiers dead ahead of him onthe road, *not t200 yardi% away, That w"i rnough ior 11olotc-r. Without wa~itinig for anorder, he put rn ttrtillery round right into ther'.. It. was the firk t hot. Then auddentlyeveryt-hinig opened up.

stvs - Just then, I tried trw orderr in bot-h ckutprwtz, F.guri;nr, that othcrwiske they'dbe overrun. I got throug~h only to 4h one em the right. (';)I E. Opperud, who had a11AR, mu"~ PFC. Flro 1,, liart-tt, who wma on #.he LNI(', were in such at hur.y, to getoilt thit, they left the LNI bhind I ordered them to go back- and get it. hut M/1-

~a~t~v~ I iva-; up ami "nits tir u yruing tm gunl it), whi)ch heC 016. By hw tiaR% iethfe (1ilne-w wr're fill over the hill and lihrer 1tp',Lery was firing on the hill witli HE andWR~ TaVC" ~i 1'ty Weli-hel, who hind the LM(G in thle out;wext rkn the left. rontinuedto fire ftwity, tll'owzlh the enemyv eoluron cut iimrfcly hr%-tw4'ct hi-in armA L.A~ttry,Thiem wore two It0Itm with him. Itoth were. killed. Weiehr'] Rttsved there all nightdefending hip gzround.' When wtevwki. hit l:La in nuiir'tiug. btht01'o hin feet weref rosen.

ARAL~n -!n thr brc;.nlnjz, I tumfnd the fire of theý M5 aru:;at the hill nn the rightvuine the tittark m. rrwd ton be Iauilding front that direction. Btut Fitmut onf- hour aftwrthe firizig lm-g," the (`biTVW' in the rreiatte got into the hotipe ne'f th (TE1 anzl be~a~firn ug from the window wilth burp gunsm. Thle tme w" i'11101. 1They wt~ili didn't seem toknow that thf Cl' wax right wkder their elbow.. Crocekr and 1SPC RtNbert E. Gaffordgot a 3,,k basockka. R~andinj rig~ht in the ndddle of the batcery pon'tilon - the' guns;

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were o." Woo with the CP -they blow thes hoitse asp. at it raneofamtw&vrk-- We cidn~t fire an th~e Hiii with 6he big guns, but mctnhrr dc-c-; the rwild tvo owr

diw~t frort. The raiuiV wo-4 lea thrml 6W yard-s. We saw four or rove group.l Mma-nve?-

ing dirv'itly n fron', of us. lh' the lipht of WVP we could s'-e others movinnc ini frtom the~ T~ w~ uw V AT in~v'ing towu'rd ur. a~wirg thr rn.!. kb1 ar.c CIoarlry

SA1 U_) '.L 111111411 Lim. lv,%p Udal't ki~ow Who lilt it -we orlls kvo ~4'* Wjv ;.ot.

AUAQ"Is - W* len t~he Gainki; rot jutv tho hoiw,, a' few of them stiirfd ove~r -i~to the

No. 2 gun ponition, whfich, w"~ under lloijavr, Mie ('hifrmce wrt rlot~ the' others were

drivo-t off. "und exc~ept fvr one 110K wowide:d, tht( Kut. crew wf,, un~hurt, Tho bmawoks

erew ifontinued to bivig awity at thle lhoumm nta ui our #hrri ~ vbel twri directvd

ebhcituviy toward the rc)&d mo am~ to eut. iero.ma th4- rerur of tthe Cbirlv~m -Aho had iryo'vd

in clovat to the gulflA I wiisa firing straightL down the roAd wit'" oeenziaonil bursts.

Xrvrorn - AhrnijI 0430 we' vot. nur insruh order for the wit~hdrawal. and 1A C,-! Auxuatus

TIerry miked me if wve e-c"d get out.si~nivirm-- Tho Cnipta~ln let t n a reonoogaiuaanoe almut 10 minutes ocwifor we Moved,

takmg~idn tw~r %airo trucckr, a kiitchcnr ta).ck, a wire truc~k, and a keep. 11en I took

the guns out. with 11#~ e"xetpion of Lthe No. 4 P~ve. A it Wr.'re toerVK apr; !awi crturs

in the mtiddle oi the battery pomition". The printe mouver %vam with B~aker Battery.

We triod to get the gun out with1- a %4 ton, but it got stuck in one o! the eruters. So,being un-able to harifdle it, we had to levive, Wtwooz - J us'l as S FC Le~ter S. Stevenson was gettingt re-%dy -o march-order his gun.

he saw a C:hinies. sneaking up toward the gun, about (;k) yatrds away. lie pulled out

hip .45i finlt rdlumd the Cik in the hend with onf- round. Then~ du!,tin~ nff( his hanids

oa if he'd imeci doing "ht kind of shonting all of Ahis hic e yelkda: 'Ikt's go meatl'

Everybody got a laug~h.viniRziYK - The whole amsa was still under intentie wnznl-*rms fire. Sevcr.rM trucks and

jee'pa wtrv shot full of bolrot jupt am wo? beg~n to get underway. I told SF(' Richard

Turek to put a thermite prenado in the No. 4 gun. That wan the laM act jui't before

we ba~rt*'d rearward.AntAUON - With the -.50 which I iras operaiting, wid, with an JINIC which iPF( Lkryt A.

Perry wax firitig from right next vie, we put up the cove-rL-g firr which onable the

br.ttkry to hit tlhe road. An the p*wition wan 1-tid out, the gunst had to entme from my

left a&ne torn siuUnd fte .50 to get- on the road. an nmkinig the turn they were a pretty

wrll-rexposd tjarwt. But~ the .50 and the LMG, togrther spraying the area ahuttd ft#

IM11 kept. thr enirnvy fire prrtty weii damnperr4.%xvien- Aftcr dayligia.t wv witt a p.Ltrul back to the posititknn tz- w, what could be

aamved. Itrretivvried the No. 4gun. '1!w t~hermite p,*muue had f!66wPi todi tile huhinisas.

0i itplaiji M (41uftkey vol unraered to go on this patrol. I inkedliamvihy. lfe iawihe

wavited Wu Iooj for wow'iiad; hn was worried bowaumw Welkhd was still An~

we let. the (liapllin go alorng. But when wer got rvrn with th#e old Ivattrry poslUon

we awt Wetchel wh~lking dowzn the road or hi~tIromseafe !eý lit wws'czarryixg hims mchire

gun. Lripnd, and tmpty boxes. He laughed vlon he ract thi others and said: 'I feelhappy an W.L'

Clammmosl - Atlhrwaw lr.&iik waA an tslltv !MIriWmpt dolri. 1JAv ofthe2

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jvm~otift mxwn~ ws'rr qluite typirr. of wthat-N'1irps on tb.' Anrui6rzrn xidlf In any ckic-ifmenwigsinezit. For examnple, Capt Kuebhk&c' action in reLrainiuingtirr driapil.. t10s ejhx*wneof the evwiny hurer, bernuar hr winhed( to 1w, doubly certain he wA not Mitrng Lnto afritinidly Irr-oup, Is a vari,%imti, of vhst Lpp-'r~r at many pnzints in Owf rej'ord, M' wva

thehr.C, ;t folor n tkin th 14y #woty 6iorn lima bcictupe he' edready felt sure

%%hrn cra my 1wrvoruunr' gather fxrounrt PýCŽoV Object vj.alilni'rllI to tt,".u i t' tain tis quite, apt. to 1v um~d ax an AP weapon - not otherwiaie. In th!S c'u.* the amnp was

mn onrly full niert by rr-aori uf t~hr infifatty fight CID(? yokrils sw itJ fore. rI.%TzftI On vW40~ig,4tpjW e'Ijba..jf 1 iuttnnut linp eaucht the ho, l' in timei &nd woub" Prvobzbly have

suffimxd in any ctinv. In thec conventiomul di-friu'ive action in I&"ret. lij fr-,t tu

mmied to lin!ve Pceurit~y p'.mts isp.. out 111 front tA, give, !ori. wzarrung to Ore MLWt- It. inan ag.gritvat.d danster to men, a~n unnwwmrunry precaution. emd mof I. of the titme Itdovani't work. tindcr some conditiomn in v-rfzrr., unw of -% dixt.,v rixrm or intereeptionixo,-t niaty be, sound enoiugh. It hax little relation ts) tb- renhJiu- v: Or- rXCfen 1-;hting.So !cng as5 the eutpoi~t 4 in a workinit phyniczal relsdo~iuhip tA the ticieru'ive cwV10, jican do it. practicali good anid the (Iefuik-rx van get resady in t:uie. Th'le diatance wfllvury according to the nature of Lne groulid. But. th.* in t~he geunmn ruls.

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FT CHIiiTER XI

II

"".ECILLESS WEAPONS

IUSZ 01 A39TILLXRY AND RUCOILLMb WMAPONS

These two subjecte are considered together at this point because they are conjointIn operations against certain mnjor eiwsmy L.pta.

Among artillery offinerp in Korea there is hesrd the usual plaint against infantrythat it col1a on the artfillry.for fire naitimns which eould be b•.thr carried out by theirown wcapons;'not lems frequomudy i, heard the rtory that the infantry would get aloUgbetter, and snve more lives, if it called ora the artilery more frequently when operatingagainst targfts too big to be redw-cd by infantry firs.

All --f this him R xtrancely fanilihr ring.But since the two idea,, however general t'%eir circulation in past war , ame

mutually exclusive and therefore ianohel e.zt each other. neither prrwides , Miiwfac-tory

approach to the probiem of how inian'.ry and artiliery fires arr bes.t 1~sh.•, in coul.bination. The qw.stion in whe.her either fault is chnmic in ,ich nmamire during infantryoperations in Korea as to indieate that inlantry officers are. inpufficiently trained inknow"kIdc of the potchtla2, limits-, and le.tu"Ja! prnh!;=n of the other arm.

Jkseoume of infantry's presnt ,vwumion of heavy weapon, exprbJe of producingbeavy blast effemts at long range. similar to the expkomion of arlilhIry shells, the need tovo.•crve fires by both arms in ronformity with sound rvalufAio.-b of targrt are&ksmore prersita i.aum ever. E lo.vrnrt of the b-"i1L-J p., hy the lnfintry ;one of the r*w &wvloprtnntn in Korean operitmonn; wheth•-r the weaponsort- being

m*nInvel in hinneW i can ily hoe awAsd by revirwing oertain aspects of the artllerypro~bl.

114! check of artillery fires alei-. ,,-r and debivered in the infantry actions whichwere taken under ,tudy, as to tI* situation, th.4, target, etc., indicates thst the equatkonia kept to maaab.e balanc. ThU lnfa/try does not tat towami o~w-ejqitsUoM

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of Its artillerr sutipoui In the main, Its. iwr~iiema are ro~sab6, 'in the winter c0crsoflonis, the ill!u' ary Miwi~!t FS ~~kritd~~ etrt)r, tIresfor rowtcton

t4 It' ni-J^.t posltwfl. atid porhipy iraorre .lwl vvtl wos.tced this. way than the iituatlotloomaitim'w warrnmotd. However', it would he imnmodtrmlo to view thin IV a IguIe, inainfantry arpprecinut;n of the~ artillery role And problen.r. for U) do so w',,uld exclude tho

0ii Kfl'4"bhte to r0-%1 .'Vf thi. ?nbIr' w ri prole(I1.1 pti; U'dn (if him ir:eii, nnther than toworry Ribout artillery logistimf. It Ail up to artillerymene to hurdm ngmi5!,41. thirs tenldeneywhen eonvinc'cd Lhtt they. litve rea~d the. ritunuon c~otrmrfy. Atxvordý.i~i U) the dthARii~traerf-d for tbi6 at-idv, ou jatr hhrwaW-?nf0i~eim) tuie~h" 9"aUal

yh% L -I duit lvolitl Wwr 11. Hwvrri~km~' cornhat~ without crying, for art~ilirr ~ 3$ _uiirW VfWVonp, iWfazitry bt~ittmihf eonmiinuuedr, who had w~rv~i;d u1noet ow-e yrar ir. line, ma~de thwi

eormen: "romwhftt' tuwverid what I leiirtmed f ri'- tn w bat Iiliin ommmn~nders,much oi our artdiiery atnd air ouppnrir w~x fl4vfir~y ex~wnd~dO. 'vvi towert r'n air&nd arlelry ini tov ninny instir~4:,; tor Qutrigh!t inxianfT. 1 have epiltrd for ailr atidartidiery on hilis which wo were, ratacking, noi knowing pO"iLively that there waxn unyenw.myvwithin ra'ng. In vomnbut. wr twrtn at ill to pilrice tvo higly a prvIiiiU111 on thl( worthof one huma~n i~fe. Teri enemy riflentcn may sornrtim~e5 hold up an entire regimentalcolumn untill a biatt~ahon of ftrtillery, twnks, and every suniportt inc We~Jxon Within thebattalion are rend), o Kid tho avtrino of a few ritftcriurn. The pra.etioe CR11 t-ooofluiiduly experisive." This was otic main'tr point of view.

In K~vrea, the haff in#g clmrater of man.y ,4 Qie ai-min ent-my tasrgetp has~ brenttw.Si-habout une of a nemting exceso of imeans in !.I(-e flort to reoduee themi. illut it in to bedout-ted that there ii; cny help, for it; ttupliceation i% the irleviAkdle conw-equecIe of theextremie touglinrbtt of the tarr-ts and their re~ximtane ta normal fires..

Thx u.-w which CCF mxkr of 4ug-in pz-tiw aiong the rt~ Aig cres t. iufruxtrating of premcson fire by thr heavy vrennon'!, i'l di Ar pnwwr. Vvipg theirbe-st to dertir-y the enemy strong Voi.'as, frrqurntly in the end thry tbring off nothinxmore decixivE' than 'a stronr Pliock effeet and the elahinatirson of it errwi. i-uaintsr vbFth

enem iy who vrar dtspcxw-d iti the more mhallow worka: it ,.bell hnimazs for the infantryto cltxv and mitke the final kill with its !'wr weaponx. with the thesvy works o! thePnvpinv onmefirvwx holflS4 'fil 04rnI . tbd'Idnst s v," :r..LiwJ with ervmdeS".

Traditioiiý"y, it i* 0te tapk if artiiiery to knock out ;ief *-illp aIuil'" pad theLnflntrv 1,. ever reu~y to n etrd;- it thnt priviktea. but in trrmax Wi Larwet area. the"big ttufT" in Humaein filmrrfions iii. peeuliarly cluped It w,-ýtld be a fair mark for thegun%, if %thvy etpuld mt it ard lay dir~wtly on it, tut much im the nature of the groundthat Uhev rerrly have thnt opportustity.

WVnen the (CI'haVe six rmanv A44 four wten~qj d3yA in, whieb to orgRnitiv a ridgelinepoaition, they et-upt"?rimrily hingr it ulpon mnchinxh-gun blinkrrR built ek-ke to the akyline.Tbe rthort~ars maty ojwz-4 rfrortirn .-r ~thp forwar-d or reverwe uiop r'j.din on razxpand t-he av~iaihbility of cover. Te rifirnuwn arr. diepowd in fox)bde.s twiver~ig thbeapproaches in relatively elt~ 1oxin",mal~on Wo the mrun works. '1thy raroly waximform in &iii &m tterupt to deftend zk~t-s 0w lowe, slopes.

,the waiN, u; t.6p tunkcu'a an- f requently dotible tiers of the x: p oNd together

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Ly table. The root may be an overhangs of et'rth and rock Wvw~i'n fotir ane- eight feetin thiicknem: ia beinst it ix isheliproof to a e~allping firn, from anything exctlt. an~ F-incgun. Exoempt for? a direct h~it, right tnrtj!!c'ry fire' cmv'rut nrutrulize it, aod lir the rasturof the potiuion, direct hitF are a 14n-100v socidfnt. 'inc errbrasurt are be~ween 14 *and a0 .nchrx in heig~ht and arc- ustially ec-miwed. Frequctitly thrti f(w rt aried 6W 1

~~~~~~~~~i !tdl t' ~ fti i- uun h*t tr~bt ~i !y ou N41Lf andparuilceI to tllý fimr Wuun~g from ;it. "11-yw art' thius sitfed to block the inisit-try it'dv':W&0whan Al. mnovesi n from thtc Niank., attiAcing down the lengthi ef thai r4.deeline.

rib s.y nor pýr%'uy hii-den i tobwrvitioni fram the front.

evi; fire~ mrny bon received from the genertki nremc for hourir. kStili, at. betw"wn 1WO anti2(f.X) yards rtaixf, the treated obscrver Cannot pickl up a spuzcific tkrget or "to anysignificant activity.I

On tho surfp.ce, this itppeans up a problem to be solved in.-Oriy by artilicf' intr-vention. The sr-.111crymen nocep', it an muchs, anid the infwoiry i.- ntever inclined to isaynlu. But in the avem-c a'tir, he high ground W-1.1. ',) the friendly infnntry inter-

ver&iK betweeni the harw*a'Wry h-nG its tar-ter tif~e 4#1,get. This may be one r~d. or a .ries.

op ~~Therefore indirect. fiv is ir.!ýqirwrd, T~he~ 1% chance that the hurikenm vkij be neutral-

~" ized through a nornnal &hoot by field~ arti~llery under thes~e eoriditioirip bpeonwe

fig. 6 -Ami-twwisw very omitl indeed. One need only ploitagaist uch anob~et .~~ ~the curve of an artillery uinel! movi-ngagaist uch an bjet t se whythi isso.If the line is only~a few inches off, the

eftect is a tot-al mixu.During the operstions ttk~en under Purvey. there w%x not one ini'~tnnee of on

artiflery blwlI aconing a direct hit, on a Chine4.* btinker, dexpite conniiciu t- firci, againstthituw objv~ta. They wv-re resixt.%nt &boo to air attak both with rockets and napp!m;the recvrd! ""ud ex ctanplees whercin t-he &ir st'wnvd dirret bi~.e with naphlm atop thebunko'r. The napalm rollted ever and down the front of the rftvw.!n* emnbrasure. Ptill1

The ad~ltrf which thi mccoima wraponjs g~ovc U..fa.ntry i.- tirnig ag~nint t4!getaA%?41;0'nhrotp ( iL~- 't-tu-.w hirn rarw~ rnuirf- aimerintijnn. At r~anRA

bet~ween 1000 and 120 yar", the 76 revoilkee~s is the only psice which cart 1ake I.sert~~~T't,,:n oi A y~O1C~ fl("0 hitting leriti on arid dcist'royllsg ecl~je-g" in one r-ound; pack tirtiliery mnight. -to it if it were availubfr, 'but In its ahlwence,

tUbe re_-oilleiew weaponts are the rninin hope. in this t~ype of usp-, they have juxtifiedthemsaelvem tineo and agimdn. T-he 57 is too light for such# work at Fria~ra excergling 1000)yards,3 tic,ugh- eLruvia havwn ~^tid an exr#.-a f 57 arritrouriition I rying to prove otbewi-wa;bocauac of the weighit problem with tho' 705, it is often left tiehind during movementinto thr high r rid,-=s, and the attempti wd osbtttete5 tp-iji ~s

In henaureoftb, W4~n h'raj ffr tht is needed is quite apt Uo beIin proportion to tbe height of the ground which Ws to be xurmowated. In other wcordc,

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am~ shoeter ouid the 0i wotild di: tho work, LbIe 75 in still very apt to be ze-ken a10ong beeuiuueit piWAN thAe extra w*9~op- 'To ihia rutnint, tUwrrv is an overlapping.

O~t'.ý oh'hi, ~e t ~ei~* rvnhiu-Nk duriy;- t4r elorting !-.fv-TtrV 5A"!-ftlt011 rH!1..tl -hzih li'l ma"Q. Alwjýty,- a fe b;v 1,.u-, cn- rt-' trian iv ol-k-ratsIiOL; homeOwhic'h weYii prowwctd from the I-ong-rw~ngr firres by the folair- of the ridxe &re likelyto be a.~lmot utiaraethed. Fr~!hn btwk tward4 thws-c worke, .iftAr quittingK tht. out-2r lineo! loyholon, oCnI'ay fkirrni,%hemirv! u pt to~proteictioni in sanfli eaves ardO ~~ rock

CPUI h .5 can tflftat therm iu rom cover whiich wouii proide immunityto buIlpt fire.

AMWlIZC "ZONr O17 WZAPOW I

Apr -~o 11 trxyfw~ oI ~ w n io, exa~ctly in "propor¶.:-Ln s- theyh:%vt lw giv~'elI ClT11yrn:icai in- thot aituation~i for which t'v WePi~tcfd.'hr

wr.a no exception tn thi;;. Troopm would be &Ask: "Wilat do you thinik of thir 76 5eMoil.600Pi? The answer would be nerative, jnq-,4'qj ux,,uyW thidwo A 1yiKn eone u~ed the gun: they dibi~ked it befuv it was honvy. But, eKinong tho userli, them~Wais Orly One rt-fletion - enthuriistsic approval. T"hey foutid iio fvrult w~nmUrver inl theweapon and were amawed at its chpabilities.

in t~ho Z.1 ti#-rp hiv; bfen enimiderAhbi. eor-c-g'rn abou~t the-. flki'h, &nd a grenorkifoeling thgt. th-5 trade it ft darig-croue wearon for iniao.ntrv. The.se doubtinp nave noecho in the ficid., Untalimnnualy, tropis &nd rommanders said that flash wa~s not. iLproblem in Actusl operations, This fe~ing Ywap usually reso~lved in nome eutv' answerai: "Why worry?' They know we're there."" OCne wr,-rnt -.vplied: "Sonxt of m~y vienwere coneernwd about fl~h wid bark-blnmt Ix'cause- they had read so much about it.3u t. when we opened If~rc, thf-y settled (town." 1~ ~ i co ntemrl

of 01wrating crews. They feel that if they can disixoplo AL hort dintanoe after firing,that afrortis sufficient prowtcim.

AGAIN1T ARmtOR;

in the operations studied. t~hprrr woqp tin et-,'pb'ui P? the"" wraPmrx lwr-he ut~dtatnit e-nemy armor. In two i~mp~~u thr 75 hsd been ernrl-vt-4 t-1 fire ve wn S

Mui I AL51 Mw'!q it ns3 rnocKrH1 out the gun.. The Neventii Mariine 1trteirvt did,* ~hOweveC, Ft'eount its expvertca-v wli, the 75 in enrIser o;'eratioun 541#nJmfl C11etr'y annfor

Jin :1e CAM, the ["in' him] lxeen uw;- to knork out four nrm'tingq t..uiki, the clow-X.t being15~ ywrds- m-nd the futrthest 715 yirdpl. In the crtique attended by the cormm~adcr, C.ol

* h1omer Utsenherr and Ui5 olieers, it was stauted thftt tho! 71) bnd "never otce faikLd tberegilfnent" in xetioii agnirumt armnor, but, that experinrc Fm provedi thpkt whrn li-chfing,tanka "it in nee'wiamry to hold lire. until the target it. vetry ilor.-! or the 75 will' not knockthem-n out." A very revemlhiar eatimaite of the weape-,'suwisfuliii-0- Was Kien by CaptNVULSITI Rt. Larney S3, in theme words: "We da;ot *ui regri the 7b an m sing:i-purpcomweapn; 01w Of its great valuen is in ume aga.Jnt personnewl. liocnuse of it* flat traj-tto". 0in hill1tap fightinig itcnbe Used &&!4inxt pillboxaot, eiarny groupi, ma~chine gwt &M4

IIS~tCTUPBEST AVAI LAB LE COPY

cave ep't~ranm*!e wh'cin no ottver wa.ip"n~' &4ffioo. We have found it aufficiently portable'for ihis rn'er~d Yturpte..

la pLi-tWeuikTiy ood~ tpot., withlLW Tocoraparisif1 SlaingV54 1 ~ aioni"I'%

ridgellne itbout 'K*) uitvrs high, wo nv*,eA'd orOntfleu vint, fould knock out Otitnmu

Pilibo'xon iut nuehiue, guns aii far am~1i) :t~ I ~~ etrt. Ih*viy te wrtot01C "V1, Ae' '' ~nt it~oz w.-tit- NN*. inimto' L. Viný, I,,,' i1!!- nw 40 rouiuii. of

&11111.. '1ih two Comt~l1 ePl 1ukd beei cut off, but .he M'c't.I'3I 114ini~ge(i Lo %quN'51'through. TI't.-Jon Oht'pgaiti tjW ,einey ricw..d wrom the Penr, isolating the poititon.The conmprsniic rc,-.izwod Ohbai, thr'u~tt the night.

"At. firxL light. con hip owh i nitittLive. Vick locate~d the enerny ernpIAwmPlnto andfired on tfieni, amming 1A r(,undJi. Thcn Uti-, ~;~ec;mii lotokitig for himi. Bie movedthe juTI to a eooito~'ld wnteut~nnflm thtwy go't with~in 29{w vardim (if the guit, andihen fire'd !0 rvun6s of IIE' into atbout s eoimprny of the riieemy. Thi~~. one gun broke

'ip th~ut tA~~Ir gnO, p1( tnow,.1t olv;aIk forT ItiE tTbility of tht 'enpn Thisi action

took pinee just to the xouth of lUdam-ni."There itrerninny inurrvei~ilz ol' the gun in actioni supplied fronm the C'hownh

Aeiwrvumi Operation, atnd from Operittion Puimia1, thnee months liver. All 1ws.pak theunabua1 accuracy of the gun tuid its; alli-rousid romhmmt worthitiesa.

In the airg or Hngmtru-ri, the 75-inin rt-COU)i'- WtW. fotlfd tO bt CxpeCl~iily UF~fU!In rept'Ifiig Owe night rut~ick. It, wi.' used it) knocvk out mitchidnt- guwm iaouI toorti*t

f'On- toi infantry line from 7.elatii'ely long rzum-e. The 75'm WI' KhelI w"U found to1* nomit nuittnbe for this wiOrk.

Da~ring thrse night av'ticaw, the grun did not d6(plnec4, though there was hea%-yenemy fire around the powitioui. The nien dug in tx'side the guii und Ptnyed there.

LeAbt theno' flut.-. conIvey sml Ilflrf'tint~fhut unfmultsiarity with the wenixna- iiitbe only dratg (;ni graear use of the 75 by trfop!u iii the Korerarl lighitimig, it, edaould beernph~.,simrid thni hOw higher the ridge, thec i-vre prohibitive thet welight fuctor becomesf.In (Ightiamg trroptoK ridwep In i~~iiior .3,00 uwtpera r~IK)Ne flt.e 11P it. im Iditwys a qurztenwhet.her the pwib.ihe use of the Kuri jufifijiji the manpomwer rrtlUirtd t-0 111OVe It. It is

~ p~tivrn~""±' h - n mnc"""'!. ak'r-g nanrrow (nah?. or ov.er Pfippr rund. liýothinthe 2nd atnd 24th Divjaio'aq awr i have hnd their backs !brokvn in fulls while trying to

get the 75 forward.

RISTRICTUD&O towe* %$os

__TJTr1T V-:Z7

___ A V- ~V'&~r~ VO4 WV%____ CKE LAM U 1Nk#*rA3

%f *

A~ MAGIA WAF -1

Du oteeeo¶ ako ro nwne prin hsgipofz-lltti csv fcc ntelclfctner ACFcnrvdt

c~tre imtr4u 1p5 n rnlyte tnn< u mtvl hyddntpv

ituow kind thaei itner.'ye prck fautiornsw. e ~rtin 9")5. hsgopIn the winter dccfinig ourcc bmi - fire woal fihtngexc a~nl (17Frij cont.rive Cuto

catre Immit of au wenenpy or n employ ita th;trnem agansint eu nemyl Therwn! din nibt pr'e

inexpert in texpiinfantre oppounityy Theprmeyaren u nuder oh-f cridmpcn in whic theoror CCF wamirgtaim roktlbnyr gi our ln.drg ewiterk., Tield arecPont--id vehicles, at eumofa ie if" 1rt rtng 16, cr ~o ya rdn) b ofan d rcri Pilinahternen. them, tnk-iin wellonut

bt all ino~ tinfuu uponia thpaely mn-wof~" robi'ted can bhe onirrc mor w uich aiy admit-tedivly an eem n urpion -ipturin indratieu!ly uhef tn larm chr r bixg anppsD by

iaveonkid, tactical Nit~ oruspeation. .fln the wim~nte ofigourngour kauw- oficr ian Korea undery tihe~ 0mahions of the

Swatn& thm $ luchri of g ednyt nlyi t hreterag utiityint anmy perunisorm thn wbthetute

auRaIiSttT H afu. myngweiw a "nne usae

&WuO"re by mthe owrýtina nhra~vni hc h~ltteeNArMj'BEn CUV

B31T3C1 -0104-181

buzooka, auid he sk-en no arguirterst for retentUt~ of the latter within the infitntry weaponsaystam. It. beooomcsx czcs baggsaw ans oon as the 3-6in is, rn~,{l~ Pawrwv. But the oveutioncannot be reowored that es*ily. Hf it in true that the aunall bazooka ir, an effective uLnti1-pe~rwuiarel wt-apon. but. that. its potential hax not been uidcquimtdy exploitrd inwezume ofK hikIt10 in t.!s'Xinin. then its extm' portabliity may Five it WIvuut itnl ov'er tbk' 3.11) In

........ I,;, '4- .i;ii LMZ-~ l~ar i.''-rnii rriortnr in u,'cfUl, titmughi theIhw; grreafr killing rxjiuzi. I'uytshsr light on the sul-jrct mity oxinte f:nstudy of a

Incident in %whidh the sma1l Aunrwlhr *a& given decisive w-e sa*Jnrst hatirnsmn targets.

!Itz xAWIJA AUAIXET MEW

In~ the' attack of the 1st Marine Division from 1lagaru-rl to Koto-ri, t~he 5thMar.n"% assun-wc! dferme of the. shtite ri.garu-ni perimet'er %xUac colt'ivnn got underway.zv VARW U11 11uIiini ozv the coiumn, it wA.- iLeecraary tW gnin the high ground

emot of tho camp which had been heldl b . CCF thr4. v~o~ I &c;r~.T~1einn'

Sewond Jiattaion was given thes n1umion and soor. won the height~s. Prict tW thbe etion,It had bhcn reckoned tkint the IDivition GA a who!e would be able to clear I.turibynightfall1. But tlghtLrg £2~ong the road had delayed the' 7th Rtgirnent and the Divisiontrain*. an tti' t the lead beiew~antof the #U^ X61 U-:_- %-.3 -&.'§ 0ia-, byd

Easy Conipapy held ground ewxatwrad of Lii: riv-r fromn r point approximnately700 yards north of the Ii&agatru-ri bridge wiouod' tW the t).'ttom ck! the =.Ain hill andbaci Wlong thN tallway track for abuut 200 yards. rt~ ight flank of the Companyran &lorij the rail-wy appwoxirnifttly 400o yards east ind north of tine bridge. D1etwtcunW.O and 2(0)O, thtv Chinws att13,kcd from the 'high. ground Lowurd the bridge with theappw-ent object of cutt~ing off troops ma-nning the westcrn bolf of the per imeter.

Eamv's rocrkst tooam, hwi bi*n an st.ationed by Cstpt Sam Jerkilka that It M~uldfiP0 straight uzp a draw which ran h.41fway up the ~iti then fonrked off into gullys. Thin%am the rnzstural appi"Ach from ~tt.h hifll, as 4t was otburwioc. biarr-znj of cover. The Chinesepre-w-d forwaft! tdorng thc- 01lley, ooid durinr an altack which persisted in strength fortwo hours and r.eurtrd intcermittently through the ni~ght, this key feitture was defendedby rockets..

On the following morning, CCI' pulled back LInt" Wa U ij Col Rt. L. Murray,comma~nder of the. 5th Rexiintent, and Lt Col. H--' I'-:- cnucrird fhe draw and made kcursory examinatios, of the dsomu~g done by the 2.30 fire. There were more than 50bodies on the ground, ocatt~eried anywhere from 20 yards to 2(X) yard~i f rom the launcher

Murray'n moat smnahinst comme~rnt on the rc-,ult 'IMS that hiA izsp)-Ccion of bodiesoonv~nced him that protetisidly uall of the Chintetr hrid died from tburna- that WPrvunda had set their psdded clothing afire. Jemkilka es~irnted more. oonservativelythtit 60 percent of the di.-aths %trcm dtic to burns and the rxz.~ to conc~usalut =d frag.'nnentation. hlix crew had fired quit~e a few 'HEAT rounds fromn thz !;.unchcrm. Jeakilkssaid that wh.*1e thi, flaunru-ri affair waxs kasy's C)ut.mt-dirqc um" of ilve ijiunther, theCompAny badl beomme habituauwd Wo w&g:r it as an sfLti-ptiruoraziei wealwn at everyopportuniity. 11. was therefore normal for the men to hsve final'ourifideno. ini It Ln to

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Poo I

4nteNvmss ih q~ntCFWrgteCoghnIie.oeo ieMninoble nd rjuvissm-l, nerrst~u O~f V%('V 'r Mi IM4-i mywttr- sll-it tm Asf2ic.

111-0 W~ it C41 l cffitlyI %'1lW1r eiet r' sfsvildandm

Mal'1 ills LrNoet fitt- r! Itl f RA.1 in~tt CCFt po-aigtri ongrPasstir 060 e'r lon ofs the mnooty'mnstille'J trid agji''siv:1 'I'arrrul e , afrn'kile hatut td Nwithr~ and *r xd tl Cheroarsitine' gun. U1 aIwiir! E'tlnjueuy Who Witsh In fa111rirlyo J'imet. FI'r."ra a tirtlld on N'and

BAR4)4 :inii, t'liVU Ciou Unlic.,t' lftl;Cii flit prc U)trhue ts-tri itrunrUnhl wasz thyp in hlsu, ': Wl. rW iit 0: t.4z tr'l- 9'.111 171. OTth til' wslF.&nWr Sld: ~in (94nt;

JIM4UU i thse1F.1 Ovfloa-iid'a I,4( N~ art. I hi 1 thu. n! the' thfrti4 '1L. flhpt'. thbvr artaels e~tt

* ,nev'dia'gn tianW0t 04,4" iii' undai to ruts down g'i;ist~t anv ikrm lie a' mmking it ink run towar hisuy'

fi!11' to I H- psn-, t l'* t(h; -helt about in )t. r's'vtt of the, hWis 'mi 3r I'ih.a~tto h rearn wthu'.VAriwit' Mau thitii !stiatw Isah, and It(- mutsh t heys1Ag~I I,1 C14 tall cliatri- 8ra , adin fat, 1

.'l Wi a~h proh46 l--i, lit, 11"1P Uir~f~itsi that li d ftfr . im'? '.'PY !d!±.'mT. nVtr1gt.i

"!';:hine geltpl't totq wiflm 2'j yrdst(i the BARY O Worbri cl;nliry lrtold thet find

*~ ~ ~~- oie ait lfir p-tt weithLL' 1 o~ t~otim ut.it." of iarn Wos roml lei Il'lan hit%-%. a withego,1ti they u notigo flat.i Onli it fewmoO i~t n ture' that they 0IC Pi all short'd ruinthestain etve lot wanc a h proliI' torn c 'rtits the artife 4he houm' but:. re.n ~ inin standigc .

*~ ~ ~ O Ol. lilt g'oiad4 directl tit fron~ait oftil yIIdP psmliit' hA ii. eaerhe'l midaitiiti leta, riamnd

ltilhG, 1.1111e' 11Are wisth i t~uo fiaaray lourt thln Co'uldn't let a lefri iuiea ofit psitiovnthouy dit waga go flat.IN Only a fiilw 'i et, wi it cnia, ntsd I he efire nwittasMore(fth

takinew w'tiit' lihtidiU thle raeut'rsit thnd fAir, 1esilid'of netite*lu, it~is nyth bfl uifufIot OLanu.

ldtifinK 11.~nfim~ t'u i~the ui. (;unittl f t?(', its *he' i'udn(in lit a cpleur mia lef tj flansmbti

Ltht tiirowinp' wow inaccuruiti ands &tipe viuiieeuarain didn't worry tilt' lsawn. Thissi 1.'ikdaIil Chiad at ituden e lle fit- hewt tlt' lao~uw.e ns1'leo toy firiii ntia otet listor 10 . 0i' i'ttch butnlodI * l~~rightly sndtilel i sreena#- kwounaic well itlunailAate'd. TVogether. tlat, light ouid I he heat finivsbcewA the' (hillfMe'a %het find rueeve'd iii ,ixt IN ti'e suw', Tl'ie nsite'ison. jo~io ke'jtt firing.

"in a few inmralsue, frsmn roinnd ita tlist. to'ir (if fl1it' ausichisi' Suit, (tthe(iane,oe~wn.'if fire with a WA-Onrn tooerteir otgaumusl left I'Ieaitoivivis left. flaiulk ~ud thei (I'1 pliusltlssr,

-d * Very quiekly, iti'y utaawetlef' almewt 20! roundies (in t-Li- rrili."d Nteias Lt i'ti'v'tu, IAt(Ormanas, IAl. 1411tonia, 50141 fime cu'iaht, pn'ie we're' WtEI Ivy tll,' itiolltar f.r l,t Johna N.

* ~Knigii~lt inioved one (if the' Counpsmy's (W0 mortart. oaut to the' let'l of the' ltdAloae'a line and* eejw'eia'il~e fire o tai it'- (''iay fliotaftV f(ar w-verald tuln-o.itam there wesa A dirrt (eldu' lwtweivn* ~~the' two Fsilacea, with I-vith orrwo serving theirt weIajtoim0fl aiut ePjusmlly. Thon the Chi~nue4 ~~dropjped one rutawd righit aunid thb murt~* ereaw. rhtft- men wort woundod, mid thiumgh

6wolr ~Woes 91

RISTRC?3DOR0d403

the tube WM not danafgod, It (*ft'.ed4 fire ternporarrilv. Sit ting~ a litt~r* way up tile &-top*firoln Warbri fuld LN. m~achin.± gun) wut Sgt Paul Wesit1, with 1% 3.5 Inutcher in h~s latp.

Shrid twe) wbitm-h~ini t~het &Ainr- Itit s farw 1%j6, t.Ls-w' ".-w ;ý 'i ~. .! Z_ J LL

ilauncher and lel, ge otic. rockýt-, hisa first round hit* the C'hinc4-' xortnr dead on - at~~~~'Th ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i yn rrw.t.'Imhflc'tk!d of a ft ukr sht T11httt eoo1ld off the enemy

riniilf 11111 W(viit. hitolit. '1r. v ivurt %yuk± tht*:. tC 1st'cit to to, ciatirvl, y i~vw quairter."

0 In 1,heti d.fi'elrnow flixgrt-ri, ("irimpr~nn 1, Isit Mrunije lFegirient, knocke-d outtwo hrLI npxwhlum gutu; at 160 yardNr T~w~xe, uati:g the ;.~Iriiuna'hr at ngsht. Otteothrr guit w~ knocked cut at orinowht ,ta~rtcr tmUat!. Theli cnmw aomm.nnu'A thaat

thiry finid to Fght mntrLhej iLo owt thLe sigkaA on tho lautrirer. Tficy u thnrt Iul-rixussigh! ta4rv bnud!y rim-dod frar rugsh' operatcima.

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92 1 I~t mom,

~- ~CtLAPTER U

MA~.

MORTArIS

T", TAMMLY

The jifaeri1 3kp una by Or; :fantilly of cxntaus has vun oUezat.' The sty"zamnortars Perve the tactica! ne.-iI qu'tc adiequatel.. All three - the 4.2, 81-mm, and

Ma-'amrie vnp etcuiive rne. Uner la on-ditio-kr ispused by the INores~n terrain,tach typ Lux itox particui tolek in thWdrekpwo4 h t4 aI ~C prlugram of suppoitingfi rcs.

StPAmg miortar aetlo is pe-rhalps more generally eharacteristic of lbe. patternof infantry fighting 'in Kertea than of our operations eiurwg World Wow 11. Infantrycommmidcer h~ve greater awarec~as of the mortar and aroc rxisrw lik*4 to make (anlUse of tLe. tr-rtar poxtential than priviously.

horra - - beintj an unending compktm of @tep hills &ad Pahrp-facw4 rktgm -is Fratutral a'rt~itr rouai~ty. 13-an thr (:hir.fv err~y m the nig.h btt~ nevto smrther the pomitiv% ~at chwe rjnc and his attaekina lire it 1rccqweaaJy in defiladeto o~ur artillery limit by the time thie attack in ocnad. the zmortmi an. Xives a WJdeYararty of d ~~~fire mo~

The limitir':. (Act- :in n'rrta olperation Is ua'nfl!' the revailability of Araumitioomtwri than' a 1A4!urr at a.ny corrnand lrvel to arpofc:t# whi~t the. msirtasr cap do.

Why !hIpt im so in rer.d:lv seen. Tlir battalin-mr ao,, enrnn"me wn.rate infantrymmnPainei, hok' gmiund in relzatlvt detaehuwnt-ri [rwr.w~i :a r commnpc ntu of the MI.R'Die un~it many be 1lWýV-M)O yards f rrn its r4.*wit rupport on riel't and left and 200G-4000 vr.rds forward of the sutvpe)r*tr.f firhl art ilfrry. 1 p'o wili uxuaiiy be a&hilltopor a ridge cr."t, if it Lit in till. front. hue, or a djfi~le to-fling a str'~arn tIm or roadway,if it is "blocking." The liilltoup tuir a lotir ha~ul fm. r the nwarret. imzppdy point; the

dimtwie an be eovere-d only by hurnan crwrip C:onruvquecndv, the b&~-vnm laortanare carried into the grinwdti ouwwhAt ilght a~ to a~nmun~itaoii "q.d. it t."e bin arnalso taken forward, ita the average Lttlamtp their ammunitioni, too, will Letindbwet s~upply.

RaSM020BEST AVAILABat COPY

'The usbualf 60=position It a adaw on the a~v& odPe Ofhill or at the 14w cf it. On defense, the zert2L'u cwubomaft11Y Owt UP p .it

6,64t 86%,4&A b6& "w HW7 A r. ptuSiun.f iiD Lvi5Lsar in) % urwy 01 aridg.- i.'.;&U miAeh

slaort of the' skyline a~inht -whith ihe rifle point !s advancing. CCI' lmosit nevaprem an -attack on thr irma3 ftound in Purh way ae-t a P-ft, ,I Ir .7?"1i onf!iI rt~r; hi't'da~iy. Uthe tac attuxi frori~ 1Jth !rozt or tho. t!,u r,!n~ .Y tiftz

threat to tIJe mnort~ars which clone witb the~ emnrany ir. the Metemy m~OrtAr fire.B~ut~ however the unit is artned Le. to mortara ojwratbia from direct-ly wi~tuz"he~r

geerindly able~ t support tite setinri from, a distarie. This in nat- off the very genuinefire, advant~a;;4 dervenng I rota, the hillim-sr of Kiorea and at~k earerny's iu~k (-I air supporWA a oomrpctmaut arulkiry.

Within a fe~w hundred yardis to n-Ar of the rifir li~ne, there in, always groundwhLere the m tr.a~ c~fn" w~t up in dcuiladp, '1' them~ 6~ uiti dnlti,-r fr-r~n ccntcr battery.Freqiuently, the xitutJ~tAs is such that the gIif and 4.2a wet up bo~ldly in the open, wher-*vt~r theL ground 6a 1st. for ernpiaring. and fire iaway ini plain sight of the eiwrny-heidhill, out of practical range, of h*a bullet-firinK weaPons.

It is not wunutuii ti' P--th4''~ . 4.Az 75 15 M. & ihkimetiiiTwr L~tf PAA zollptmount wexapns all biring in bait~ary fromn the same location aguiinot an'ý- broad target -this in support of the at tak during daylight operation.. The' hig~hly competitive aspeetsof thim combined firing irs eko~e ju-neture tceod to deveionr exceasive expcznditures.

111MAXACO IN CKXThEW COLD

nix subject In covered In sonme detail In the docuiment, "'Note* o:n InfantryTactio. in Korea."t During operat 'ions in temnprraturre. roining between V' and 32!*the mrort~Ari ntand up well, and there are no extr~wrdinary rrohbl*'rn the s1m)ufd in Ittillnufficiently yielding to cushion t-he ahock to the bane platrs? and there 6s no undueloosening Rad wearing of thr elevating serewp. In tetuiprwrnturres rangihgg between-10" and - 3(r, this eonditk-n apprair to alter rndicai'), and if the wmortars arefin-rd fur' vru-!ungrd periodis at a hiigh Wae, the. ratw of bror-Unt fi firinv r4!Ž' h114nd Par-LNvutmialy ill bane piste hecotne. dinaa in; tri oprrations. Other thmn !h,! data fromthe Int .Mirine Divinioli dizriix the (71hosen R~eservoir operat ion, there' in no broad baxstfrorn the IKorenan experwncee for the mz.king of' thin conInifptiri. "Chi flwax th., onlywuinter mrnpeti ' g wherrin the~ niortani werte f-,'red exreanivrly for prolongrd periods(12-14 tlayxsý under mubi-Semo vonditjionx. Ovrr-tiil, I he duridility of thr rw~rtnrs in all1

FleA1* waa we'll at~t-xstd during the counre of Kort~nii winter oprwrtiona. Tmr)ps had no(!-9lmphunft on~ thug P-errr; within the. Isit Nlnriw,u !)vi:;ion; droiiqit the' !---t "hait nuriat ofth-, mortarx had' !,-, 1w. rn'pisw in whole or in part wheni the onirFRtnn was exom7pleted,the exiuflma!,derw and irewn ip.- t~hat this did not reflect a litek ef i erviceraility iu, rny01' Lite thrr4' wcapons, Mtvn'1, it. did wnrit Ihat a siurpli!: of xpisre partm was a ~rremquisit~e

tiw uh.i~''Tw!PltF~m Thy sd friukly that the rmtW of breakidown was due toexcea~im Ffino in cxt-'n cold ruthier Ulain to any fault in the structure.

94BEST AVAILABLE COPY RftT260I94m" - o *m,~men

&lis VW2Wpj uis the wpm'khonrm of frafyo-lnrtionn in Koren. None of the

ainocag trwvips. The enthusiaurp frr It 1marnmoux. 'fhr 4.2 is wcurstr and owir4y;the round p~eka as much -valon an a 10.'-mrn ihell; for exvntlnuity' o! prfo~r.i~imc" 4.ndVinli' dt LT111(rl uiiimt onl em rincTy':C xii~tuolvi. it IM' Vubluf-(i ;'1ka iii~-i Oita, Anlyotlier wvtkfx~n withrin t~ho- inldatri reg:-i.7it. A nuamb- "!f lttak1,con P-jii m'gmenetatlcrnimenders oommented that they weould like to we twicrie as muny 4.2m w~thin theinkzt~ry rmgpnwot, and that 0tey frit mtht~ thr gr~iir in fightij-ing ptwer, undur almoet any

cdjmfltnent wa, miAdt- by (C,;i lkLcw Nfuier, aft*er exttzaive viii of the' 4.2 in the delenwe ofKato-ri: "it is a boautilul wrapon. With a Ism'. and wtilltrauird cre-w and4 w~t aelght mnorwor firing, we found it pooxi'ule to puli. 96 rounds in the air before the f~rt

On 15 January, 1h1rd Battaion, 1th Rzigme.at, wax defending a pans moutho& T& arxya~ng, It pmi tca b-ing r.gh in th &d JdVuraj ~ pPrU1Whrt1 to itvia the road mad the ridotin"-, 'A large undefrgrounnd eaprimna In-c the earth r~itii..n the

da~nie ~reatroi U ,gik I n Iob~ Wthe Ui~ L'f unr I ~wIo At the, pan.Owh rnd-m on~ !vMh si(1ei rise th-Arply fro -Lm the roftd. T7here were ou'post~a half way tipthe ridge. oni both aideii. The momrtar were mo placed that the 4.28i could shell th~e ridgeere--t on~ or-~ aide with direct. firc, while the S1n could direct!y eugage the high groundon the other aide, directly above the 4.2L

cco'

"PO.7- ortw f" Dived Ptkw

About 2200 the rpmrimr.ter wasq aert~ed by several burpts of machine-gun fire fromthe ridge top on the left. Tracers began to finid the CF' arrm. '1'e outpost onI the- left-ha~nd ridge, fedling bitk into the m.-in linrit, reported that. 5O NJKs v-ere coining downthe ridge". Several enemy mortar shells exphdmld in the tnanmy pouvid iwar the OPThe fklaah from the enemy tube was plAisly vixible. It %v firi&~g from ahoui 400 y"rdup the slope.

~tI ~BEST AVAILABLE COPY

fly dreppaluung tlw tuix-im of thr CZ.i Pijh~tlY, It wr-m tfi twar*iMT~ Bsa~ ~wGareta~~ljia&.jr l, 19 roundx wipe v. t~v' byt f Iety battery.

"t"-g 4.4W virwS'- tzw:iI Iroiusbhf withJ the JQw(WT 11trivvrttl i.)(Wr pit uJ.C IMJIL)m v? iWie

tube. The' we'ahi- AuKM -10-. 14r'Cjumr o,' Thero d, the rw'tid was bretkir.v ire'ui-n 1Urty.

Th#-rrf-,av@ afiý'r Pa~r) rmind the ('Trw f.ihfix~ r. Ii~jt into thi- !t#!1 tn w-r wi ,thrie It w."

NucMzAi. An t~he mnarturn onu bo~th &;v cont)i~Iu(d thin usiu'qvai Lh'.'1. noirtludox duel,

rtir !iri built up akrourad Lhemn. uiad the. two skirivixi'. '.iriel Cloi-~ IlaKnret Vto Withain 10

Yard* or so. Thew fir! figh~t continue'd for prwrlni* U th crvrrA-r part, (4 &it ).-,r tintil, on

then i~radUkll% f'10d1 Imck excep'p for handful of snipvrx who ronitiued Wo 1arase tba

riwfip "aul aftor dayl;'.ht.There were no0 !onaes on the' American aide; 2 i mcnmy dead v.err c(,uftvi(I Ptrung

out ovvc. the ridigv c-i the left. 117,1 (tit tiurn, Ixr, howrvr'T. 17 1ir'd hweln kilkrd by bulietz.

'1hz 4.2 rounl'd W.~'~ h

&in-&d in praetiritil' the same~ way us a hixt-trajert~ory writpon. ThnA was a trick tsut

pom.hbl to the en-.xny, (fo all hipt advaritsr. in poanemior' of Ilie hilth ground.

T-his mfoa-sr hrum dt?"r irojpin wmiervP t;hroughmit thte K-rean. eninpraig, and its

jlurninatingr Pound wto ufecd witti pr.rtieulnrly jgnod ef~fect -iuring the Korrim fightin

until tiwe sctint inapply 1wtered cut. It in given. vehiively mfore work thatn during World

War 11 wereiv~v of tbf- rhort imunp!v of tM0-pir 5hel1 in the avertug conipnny pomition.

For rlo support of the infaniftry ronpwipy wittlinttktdlfg night iutttkrk. the 81 mnortatr

illumination is prohtddy better than t~he 155-niii artillery shell tweitu.-v the circle of

li;ght created by the Iattwr of ten covers too large an area, yielding some advantage

to the attacker.Thim typical extrac't covern operationl of thu S1n during flhe attack on Hill) 440

in Feturunry IiV51. Thei unit. wan i~rvivy rWeaponiq (Company ot ate 27t~h Riegimnent.

Thr dr;;riptioxi i.% 1w Lt Frank L. Dietrich, comrinvi~ndijur: "We weis! ijto position at

IC645 on 4 Feb lo'at we did not fire that night. At 0430 on 5 Feb I1 got wor hath

3bth Herttzneflt on our right, wms under attark. We f I red 11" rmundm' again.nt the Hill1

IndiiýDzct of, the Xlrth. four man da~ti w-x xlmost, exovt: it camew oit within leas t-han

too) yardst. tHiortly ,Lftea ditylisht we. bIx-rn firnny' in vu;,imit. of the" battalion (3rd

Pattihon of '2%h li:lii-i~aa wliiýla w"u a~ttackiig Hill 440 nionug jit- lengtih frvhl tile left

flank). We wen-' firing at 2S(X) :i(AX) yttrds mný D~urinag that day, we fir-d U.K) rounds,

rewtiun-p~ying twiet with eairnerr, urtizg ý, tonim with one-ton tritilers. Of thist amount,

Srorrjnld weme W11; two to.Avoo Wert- allogether r ad; ur~eiI or vtzlit other rounds friled.

W~e bhsre slio had mfIirItIP, fromn 1)enkri~e o! thy pmfre'ter Ct.a the chargre fits on.

1)uin~ th oprtion we haud one r?1drf failure -- th~ e~ "( iAI~e(m~n:w

rhanct-d rivrr to !hae bait~talion wire net urtil wr pift an .other radii) up there. Otlaerwiae,

it w?:perfect fire ail fliar wny through -- riglit on the ibutton. Them- e isono barrel In

the bastsey which h"s arvt'J &lI tlirough the 1(n tllfpftignI'

The gin in thin vake' weir. emnployed to fire' iag~iimn the central mame of Hill 440,

eoverin" the nsvrmw, stoiny passaget ulong the heights toad karding back to the eneviy~s

BEST AVAILABLE COPY SMM-' Mae"

hupip-rt am. Thle 4.2m wirm .itad to am-r-ke t4. hill as tb. American iawrk du'velnjWu:

The AA quo~d-bijv, firing~ fri'in Sflpri'ima~triy the !satme jimitiv as 00. N ip, ao~raveiedorieWr A I'nise WillEi4tI ar liqlaii"Ov #s. 6 01-. 0 0' 1- ar so

ChI~

AA

MORTAR5

Fin Pe aru to ivvl'dos sh el Ate~wk lieU1 40

of our rmor forwardl Itkirmimberm. 7T-c artillery wan unm'd bo~th to *ugment the 4.2 in111r1"r.1z; the hl! and furtller t,14!Ill, )II.119JIIiHm~o (lf iei 81s.

1 li' afnimeph.erm conrditifrtx we~rv ju~t ripht (fir the ujo of stmoke, --he. limtr~iknurffctqivr" rmjimg;thr mmioke. livid fairly well Its thei ridg" crmte. The infantry

CC F a~iti xiesfihriang from bunente~e, NAM~ 16WI ASIMMIP ire +,

Nh ail d*Vnvn~ ole out* of mouae

outri ttsuied rnotiiuer. imhf h itat-l~~r1

if 0%nc1oly ft-~u towet t t

30 x-.*.

IA

*Lighten~ It In "a'xiy m-mner pomm~Il+- ta Ini,~ac' it MF Orol-c1intry - nbility.- Bu~ild it st- chat It. omi*A Im brtikch down (ruitn P Ionst Hi'rn' to a aht.lrn!

I0 * fior,4ha, tho happe Filato' Sw thrit (tie 1usd CIM14 1)0 dixtrlU dU~~~1 t r Aiiltea efrvsiirtg oer w, thc hroiaking and1 rapid

In%. wimsrittillhity of fW'-itmin annitiiIlon insvr~ l type's IF' ft- oMW of Oll t

Miop" the Intjin Liver iii Jraw:rry 11.'d.I, the 2b~i Mfu'wtry I Wi. loskoll fcoi--d th-At tlki.emnmunaif n "too- qpt routntrd Ib ermuitL d44fNmLuvo Tbu~ ron w-u~l( iav theO tubo

but. woul~d (ttpn u m a baht.I' 1 triu ill ComrLLt, U.ndtv1 11aur,' extrtziw, (-A1. Q the lit NkempJDivkiqol at !~to, A

I tud iiagv u-ri p"~ i S4u im X Imnuia~z ozmm4i Z Wi wLl L101 a~ia roiund in th.e 1:vrb

Th6 WP round hmA~ als~o perfoiult d nuoti~ynre (xiturft Art- r(piwotEd with the401 ~ than with the 81 Wis. it Il oontmit-ivr~tv to say Uba duriiz~g wintert opvtaI.ns at

.4 - Itat of*e in every two WT' Wi-grnr rcwitmi failed.

Ono hoIIeml]

.yflr. r,.~~-7- ~ -- -- '-.- ~- t ~~- n w -- - -

t7 -- CHAMPtR XIV

t1 GRjAEIV

't~ -4OSO U ANWAXAni hn4pndwt rn' rwi r h i~r anagtehn rf~

ha'loiae of evr-ine~amurtw 1mxriancr, ina OtJ Koreow fivJ0tuig bwiAwme the~ vouzkdand ~w ncrn's w ofit xvemlaw Itrti'urn 10 1h!_ wretipor. cical ihu

to the nurnlwis criga,"A, uw~ of (tip band grettiad by Ameriean troope in 1kofea istranxiio$d what. it. vv~u in eitler World War I or 11.

For thi!is our foro.pt were ifi-pr-limx-d in poin~t of training; in the, tarly at",ge1 ~apprveiuit 1ma of 4.1w utfuliatem CA O gwra&ad (60t~h banid wAd reif) wasn at a km eb

f-we"' few Pyw'iahl.t at lsak 'i tho werv prepin~d tW cuae.h otlv~rp; within th.e *q~aad,azei did noit know how to otr6S3ix ap a xrpiwM4 tem for Ow* ayste.-mAtie bonmJbwif0tt

I~~ 4 ~ c: groqund; tivwm, wMo little' cor uv evt'ntjo over prcu.4a' suppl'y, whih "1 .uhtEd, in largea ~~WAS#-. 71m the t.tnh uJ!Y knmpfevd is due- to whait hax bmat klen*I. iithrourJ unb~tat tsial and erru.

In sum,. the Jada'mi im m1w of the main SIPLINW49 Oif. .1 Jt~he Il!i, bUt t~rainin dPAvir.T ant.cirsi ed sily such cundmiun. VJilowtrtajttrlv, lut hat b wej n ;pret-t MIL'Ch tin

-' Lraiung huipat4ary of WiAi UeAPOUx~ aitwvW'INlf whei-s vmmlc prortaeq, in aitahcoip*ion ofA ~di-rwh~rad o~wration and Ote elrangi of travehrw*, wasn thratht Orougil. sin porqrsopvt yeuma, we have p.-%wmWe' rnoan or 1mw ti~micuis to Ow theory thftt aiwo. &Ataverrpr An~erifvat know'o !gaw 4A tUwrwlw it roc it Wa a 1kat of tsuwuwg Uws e todevaoI a~sy taro' ananmwt of atterlteo U, prniade it-Osnquo.

In enrwinqu~cac, Uiofgh ajppwoimstriv 40 pwqu'nt of Anwrican tzoops have goodkjiewing a&msx. ow p.t ~riau44% tarcq am fo 1we Uwft PAcm ~asodte &TJC 9 nt jutaV bons &1

__ ~ ~ i lu t praetma te"U.* gwmusdig in wieen wi N Omatry in WKt UIdiik phg

uowd for ihe- bannbeies prot.utln. cqw. uuongtrnund tinrower c-ar c-ilr ou2t &HU gOund2f)¶ 45 y to,,- hi.. furz. fVrt cif hais ~ cai cover h~we er.~t ~r~ i

can tie kept, suppk- 'by Unider cover of thet explivionn ttrw grou cvin botndR1buefd. Thrrr' iF jiothiis, e'otriplex fibotut. t0it prt~*wdurc Iut t r~j fi d; htve'.' jbf " Orjita)-

izrd for it , wvi .1i t45 xuc(A'-4Jm " uhkgt' urtuland t.he W.1ectrml !~ t i~a i

daybith'. Att~zJ "Prxt d rx- x ilat~iorw at-ing CAr ridge rrvotý -Ž-'u ija~ P-"4Y

ajripijc1t~io&Jfl thiP Uii i*tLod by our in~fan~try in th~e fi~ift! n~ng bvt~i~tunw ?1WC bt&LMeIM LAUX1t. Only ~WW and then an inspirttd junior icotdor or a detiefryiie(. L4)uadC

*m,?Piruilf'1y with it into mflise and disoover's that it works.

In idlllfst fienw, eflioitinf umw of the hmnd (" iijfir) ~rrr'.ack would hayr KivenAnv'ricr.z forma. a heý-vy advoutntti in th 4Lebrty bt.Ligva of ni" niz ~n~ ~YThe (Cht~ew~ fancy UWerzuwives tAo be lyrnadien; aldv, t~h,- wtnre tsuflera~g fm thIeiliumiWe~ thiut Anterienu troopit were widuly fearful of thiI4 wrat;3tn trd (hat It had &Aextrerwly deimoraliting PIfeet, kil'mn thtin. (Thlit iii kjowii liecawt (if the rapture,dunring the Ncivertiurir battl, of a umecref ("CF paper on efl~r unw-~f q~in dir aiW-

which caw-orie-ally stntiid thwwt proposi tionn and 1w4-W L1 tictl i ur nunid followedtz fWIi aOuw~uel) but Lthe i*er~Ay W"s nabi4x';;Cztrii csIr4as wan

prove~d time. Lud again in the crtrly i ~~IF!,, 'ih(CT were not ph)-%icailyj suited to

axgrtiawive usec off thiz wesipon, 1w-ing we~aik-amired throwera. Our trcx'ps had towjrdthe Chuineee irreruidp (ight pfaonnhrtype.) a soorin bordering on eoistetnpL

The etncmy' eloetion of tlinwe watim, eumbtined witb his I*rk of nmtiuraI, aptitudefor them, would have given us it pri~ewli advanu~je jin tbe &nn'P kDjrth fighting whichfollowed, had ou~r rnen 1",n prepart-d by trxining rtnd tht atute o! thtir icupply to rrtog-nise, twe opening anid exploit it. wat WA ot. the eami. It ist tnu' t;! m.ny ri-apxll thatwhen trxiki~i ig 1$ K-r-rall of xuperfieial character, nurtiend (if be-ing -.g.oruus and imagi~-nstiv.,#! tnrxop will put a low "~tiimait on the p-bahk, bitihtins, value- of dwe wea~pon,be awrlemu of its oonst~rvti'rn when not in conuu~t wi~i (111 ezwiny, and, after the

fighting~ st~Arta, will be slow to wow bow uw,~ of tLim wesqxon ethoul be appWo to thesWtation. Uen ;e 2144 bWe oann ViMrA- as vftiwdWr uni'tn (key hiare be',urcvtcIsciimW1 ax vre'r4d~trJ. FriT rimwt 930 years siow tht7 Arkray huA dviwounted the vslueof iPy~tevixl-J girnird trtaining and tha- prr-ernirxn worfili of hxiwg a few grritudespWiseJmu in ~.bh infxwtry ooirpaiy 71w primw for thin newgket hiu beeA ezziOin Ko.w

%whn mntr foretxmbea to enrgW 07F, I 1"v werr in no wime prepared for theexcha~ngr at Phort, nhwig. Itiflte-grnmade InuH-wnbeirhud 1xvui thrown awsv. The %.tr'oohaa iefkmr~y dispoxw of their liend grl'rkceie during the advanoe. VWhen re-inmwewas rewived on (1w npot, it wtuA wo late to pchoKi! mhe noinpany in thfe efficen't. use ofthe pImtadah in night defense. towiard tJte end that the weitpon mioull be cionwvrved fortimely uwe agaiJnxt nuilablo tatrg.txi inwtend of explodt'1 i t) ritake noi_' ever rrch1-¶ivelyempt~y vwrriai. The trvopu knew l or riot~hinK about how to u14e grezade fifv andbialet fire in ouml.'ittuon. Jt was not emu~ tiat for the g~xd of thc oamrnpay the bestnwuuto woud ennue it a krrWr share of grenadesi weirgien ta the litrni-nvrnd anid

BEST AVAIL-ABLE COPY 1smeSý bom Ro

setive throwen. All that wax done with reasped to *employioass a! thia weapoi: woUiooordarsaed and huphasard..

alitlation Ln the night fight wati'made to ordzrr for ihe juiitindiflg risiftc groniadn, the

mmmi'-qLi-,tw they d~i not pr-PsA' upc'zl 111glivr ettrlinfld t illy (lIth!ULNopfo theT u LkietWt4Tihsl.

Wotkx pawood befopre flfl. within (fie Rfjusdii hiepim ia "wfizeA abC6v1 ")OSibat)(o gid

toi kapf4"MVia "IwLImux Wi liidh would give greater ei~ejc~ivezw~n. to tUs'; awun greriading.* Ore of Lhe tnivin leu~oui: of the Karran cArnipaiiu ih that the4 bKivl.i;8-4d "IL-O0

should bo rtaowred by thes Armzy and oput( in slxmt the uearrie wuoy as durinig YtNorld WarV~I W0 pTumCnfAt ayatcrnati and ink.-lligent tufdrn~t4m.,'zig ol tile wCaport LII ovr,;cutL U

11 AU44wr,r 40wrt'ti&tWL the~ hand grenade im a wutrcer of de~wijy dp-npr to thbeurer. The pin iam hard to extraiwt lwcpwtc of 6he cold: therefore the raitt'nMI uit beremovod prior to throwing. Thr~ cold mot-tkl held in 1he IkIzld for only a low sceond-l,wil freeze the fingers. Infantry compuniem took frostbiltc lcw-Wpt from thlis cau.-we evcý-thno~lith f." umere bpe the! bflxmh o! ()lan t-n ' o W(.r *he pin !CC7; n t-h

g~renadr iaway. Furthermiore', in the winiter figihting, grenadpA* piaeed on a dirt ohelfcut inio thie side of the foxhole woon ah)worb(A moist ure fromi thr bn~lf-froxen gmriud nridt~MU lnoir-rative. Many comlpany officecrs reached the exr,dw'ittof that fbr themeFreaboa the preaccmt grenaide' in uNrA-lN during in-fight.ing in ternperaturre runninng - 20,sod lower.

ORKESAL MUZLTT

Under th!" conditiong of the- night pcrimretcr dlefenrl=, it 1A ivip6m~idbl to makeADY emtiffmte ovf UI:weff tiNvetws of Anw~riean grenading upo~n nlwrny action. Intern)-xatio;, owp only thtti perhetpe an exerewi've prerrwntagre of. oerrnwi#m in umed in peLatFai

fire, resviuwr.- in sulmqrnt ahort4W.'x during thwe riiriu when there are live targeta witbinClose ruignry. The"e are very few cekan-rut. riampko of anf pJwYInY K'"PIrsn 1in ptflppr

ror &;strovi~d hw limp~tu~~ ou f i enis.mr,' lw pnf~~oeu*mpkts of k-'nderrhip di roetirg mo-,ordinsted uke of 0w, weapmr iv Ouitus tiofl wvll suttedto it.

The prenwe ist not um-d as extesvi 'vey for mop-up purrxowa ina Korea as duringWorld *War 11 opntiwts lxeauie- of tw ene1mY's geiwrai ls'rk 4, jn Sflj~tjlM4l.L

other thaui the hiliti~p fxunikernt % h~-hitre upt~tly kisorkeýd 'Uti by fintArn'Pwto.Y ".:P,'3~2brforr U the renwiwrno m u Cr1 tlt5t'ii. Ilowf!vcr, whPJ) owe irifsunly haxsiRo *wiurwi Wut tok~aw the poxwamul by dirrl amvtuil, the twi.ing oi A feu~ pr-u~ejt tovwufh tht esubrawaweis the acraxvnod wu~p de grvlm.

T'--eare no exuampk-s' of the use of rifle grmnadrz. 11w wrxrpon was not uwmt'during an ' of the oprrat-'Rsi included iW the unalytxi, exerpt 1ip the CXCF rJWAMY.

Rifir xir'nac&'s etwold lieve proved( um.ef tl in t Ie hiiilop firhi~ the fiiAfltvt brtwt4'f thr"PnVgrwit ride* was upually such that it. range wasn approprix-ta. $Uit ti~.' kauwiderhad been threow away.

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iKam'pt (,itr oetirtons i .dri'temi twnli, t~hr Im'u P eplclVm~v%-T*Jgrivnad Is Spit.A .~~~~~sridly v~finfartor~y to the. tetcure rwed iii the(~~A~ tkiuf

Noa.- more expr-rierw'd troop. commtlient, howbever, that Ott~ ierestod, m4WdfeMal 1 rii2 NDlh fis mom ;procilva Gr iotli oflonaivr #.-Il derfeave' UFW!-a Ito 10114 as it ls''1eV161111t JN %Ia' hul,n'f j o w-b .allt ur kiave, 14d CoiIA)crkti~lf, ehjw1rbuu'I't 'A al d' mii pAtg thmefixutis&aal its ilwr buyii skhmol year?. or later. 'I 6-rt* an- u&twnyxm .w mon In a oompnp.fy,Thr-Y can um' the wou;xmn it, it Inturz-1 way ouaid they itausus pw kel W~'y gedt Won the

It, the mmphijtuy ketionz t~fkefl undtr~ jtud2' all of which M. "r *mm~ up.1 thehand gnvaulph, lJitn' is no iwitjumce of an AnA'rieutn rafflwity uFtuu~tibiji ut our own

g 1lm 3eIs, euitheri ,CllUOplumqutfuflf of ai prttr xlo ffrakiik o 10

ec'Ium msi wtuatli.'r oll ths, ltattur 1IILWJ, the figumr,' ihdauat that somewhereZ Lvmt'We

2o#% !pma fCKgoav untG &,,uro ret li i ithdor41Lh madr6

ItzI

a sF5 6 ei niIti2sa )ta twvLtvV - eodit nrijcizpruv br 4

its se eryrea tens o th- bttleiel mi tl- t~ji~g o trope bou th wepoI1z nIt of becaun of~ this eumparieJ n w, oAd partl press, and unpaurt of whtet

inam circuayo e ofizcd y th *1ru aev pbiiytn~igbaoe eto c

tided roughly scit h eiuigoAmrcnrcvr.teeia mdxyoo t

K j lei~iuth e bayonet w tgh A~jf*lg by tour troop. 6A Kwa than ym Of r 01M. c ff Worldg - W a

There in nr.Ihirip piarticularly new abaut Mhin iup'uood exonnection. IndWe, itis bei-ause thir view of t~Unnin Po very old and t~roditional ta.t it &I wrays noeg.rt. 1W11lupon the x.jhlea provPoeaLMkf. In Kurrit 1bw boyotort, advocct, have a aoraiderable

ease b&Md upJon abi iiiptim*.ie body of eculcnn* -- even v ban ruornar and Provedly

,mant~rixwt ar thow oa t.heli awis fqu e iibayne i% outr theca "It P.asiIning rguedWe a drat-tonal4 art. vcuios or wiall orannoi dvm again toe p1 emwaba one

J~ oimntey haed bayoseta and Mod ti mhm. but, dwrzrV. the attwk, did ut dclan withdwweapao upon the @nMM- Utw of our allies was eovilite is& Ube Ojapattwm of U

4.

emply owinter with it bloody repu~ar of the c(nem-Y it bayertnot nn~iflt In.W !~W%PiteweIred: this story drew %ttont3(3n the world over. 14. hbpe-4 inigpi' thf ne±w inttrept

in te ~No doubt tho kilhrng took place. B'ut all of the uttondamict irculttwrwwesixidicate tm. ipt mai nit vicimini we frinid~y POh tryiiF tý) fsi!i m~l-()' prWi'Lve

haet a~tAr t~ ~ ~~a jxt~ton hxadi guone; it iltaa~c ut~v d'a~t

The rawc.d for it sharp killing intrumnent &t the end at a title in~ well indictized bythe cmura.' o~f Korefin 0operatl'vP!; the zwc-d of a d~i*:),ine Which w~iiq e~impell troo~ps toorrta~in sucH a woupor. arid will on~ble thern to use it with itomic otbfcicinr whenn em tner-pmcy (1'ihIeIA it s equaiiy wCLI inlie~wd. It 0'e'

dtsenv. of hifltp Jp'rirnet~re, imfuntry coinpurr&tf Wer 01n1agýd witb til en ri ly ati. suchclose range tLhat the title uped m. a spear wvould hmv- titzkc:zin an vitm I~ u X"liiby Y1iyhth Army hifn.ntry ur.-Lr thuho circwunt~ances were oo few tJ~ad. they could !xxeount*-4d o41 Ceiz Pmr' fingers. Wlien th ilO Jm~ begJin to rin empty tuid C~ntXyVMV C1001. clod ;11h very few ecxeptionw ihe enwr~.d r~oiaewt1 hu o~~noff the rudj. For lack of hZxyanetai, they fought. witih eht4-v.~*~re t ~ o

t~iano With their bare 'Aii~ta. All of tbe~v,, things a'r ir the mu.-rd.: #.,, cm4;RWIF AYAd

izndi-viduulm who oso twrt~cir*&ted can tv ruinid, Oddly encufhr vw, the rj* titionf-f -:4et.iuxnii wir h W111h1Oe bavollet uiciht, have nmrovid -in! dd cf o "tel ;i.~the interenL of troops in the retura of the weapon. The cornpaniem W. ,ich hmd bet~ncauglit'hort. for hutvitig thrown tfhe bayonet Rway did not, deu!ind its~ re-i&'ue. T1heyWere Dot "bayon~t~zxilded," and t~hey seemed peri-!ctly willing wo fight again under the.same odcim in the. next round.

Ist Marine Division retained the bayonn~. Thie Corpp hpa conti'utdi to holdwith the i As a t-1- at th- bayonct, man mer. a"weuive. The entire Chonsen Rtscrvoiropera) ion wit. fought. at clooe rant.', wit!) the Uhznew' rrteatedly chargiv- the &efensiveworkm in th-'- night altatkis and mcvae~onal~y brenkirg the circle. Ev.,n so, the bayonetwae used withi kjlLi! Lw effect in cw.j1y t*u inzutanoc4-. Thrre Chinewse were biiyonecte~d at

Hagtrt-ri-- st'l by the urne man. 'IiThn, jondithi; four ot~he-Rs were q-iiheir wound.edor killed by the bayonet in the one assault that managtd to tlrn~k into the lines *at

Kt't-ri. Tht. N1im m mtkrc a strong dixttliy tof U06 wrstpr.-t when in de-ferw.ive p writioa.11y rgwe vitth wmp_ vtograwy that. thin alay be one of It% Chief Va!tJ?-. It. is wit-1in

reaon at.the. Ch.'"is attackm upon Marine pe xnterit north of (7hinxisung-rni nijhtihars~ boen. pre.'sd with eveto greato-r deterrminati'rn had th.e attacker, iot, santicir.m9edthat. they would be. met wit.b C*4 sut*l. B3ut to attempt Uo justify Marine retentionof dx. wrnpon, and the attorndant. burden, upo~n what the batyoiet. ham done an it killingweeqxwua in Miarine hmAids during K~orean oM-raions in imrp~milbir in view of the oold

The pahme would bave to be saici of result,! Uhrough thm Lirhth Ar~my an it whole,inclurting thoew non-American e&nwnt~s which have- r cIved c'spt-iad acclasm beeaumeof their ferocity in the baynrime .4ia.. vm 17% ..-- VA "e! A ,Le

Y"='A hitl Wh.Ct a bausuion &xý:unging to oew, ot o.ý!r oAh"e~m was Wad to have kitled154 ol the enemy with bt-yotiet tbruatms; these hcunms were pub" .6bed in the thes.'erExamination of th., bodies nizde it tumcluxiveiy clear that Lie pmrpondercrit numborCA the eWneY dcnad had been Ulied and bally tmzigled by artillei'y fire prinr to the

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diroct &m'~utt upoil t~he hill. In wine of t~hiwme tcoiey t-herte were superficini bayoanrtwouni44. Judairig bv thn uficn W_.h__ -17 L_ a W

fewer v'ho ".mw±eliminsted by tho boymiet.Not idncee the nifije bullet. beghr' todominate the bsttlefi~d hai' theme beeL ary 4

wurIi iJ ! ground for C-onwtridirig tl-lit fiw ba~yourr!W1b'u F-'A t It , irpt "' V t_

troop#:, (42) it. imptilli e-juitiorai hi.;~r in tbe jeait of 0W, liavulY. a.nd (3) t!D'?~!I-G&aat.rr~ort wtin~ra whcn othewr meann f"I1

(n -oe~e pnintA is to. ;te ckq#pi~vd. If all oare truea t~,te op~a~valid ram- for rvt'frv!!io of the wirstpon kz~d is diwaiplirwf srvit:g Lt'a end. WiHen gridulamat~oration of the bayonet to infantry fov.--. was undlria~ken in the mid-winter a(IQW-5I by tht Lig~h- Ar-my and lower oz::nrandi', the impulee developcd pr~rtlyaround. copmweri Lion of t.I~w idems.

4tsfjfr %*I wit one er th:ix~ - tho bizvorlet in this lstN~e 'rved a een.dmez-uous nufed of the mnowa'nnLr. Th.ei~ ~ 61'n= a i~ ~ grtatly demxorami~body, and lack v! eonficoii"e wn., mnfithi c rar-;. The couinin~nrd rrently iueeded

to tO vT_~yih PiI the birth. of a nrw spirit. ~I'- t r t4-n of the nyraiddramratizing of that action, WnA at. C)" #i¶.hte in:ap-1 M-~'. Karel, to tri-CoP'F: "VIlejt~b im to kill Chineume." Once nwn could he perxuatdecd thvtt those in other units we'edeiht'ra-t4'ly aecking the ha~nd-to-band corit~eit with -the %rincmy, they would begin to

Ue1tei~ie qa to Cthe over-All task.There ran I* no queL-tion about the effim-y o! this ma.Fie in the perticular viwsia-

tiorn: it v orked!' But r-kaidling of the Itpirit of ,.he Eighth Army wam due even uxweto loud tAlk about the bayonet, and the po~wer of Pultgrationf. thann to the e.4retivrnessof tueh he'vnnet. action "s took pizitcr agnst the ene'my. T'h; htry*1ita crazie fraim thefuldlyirlg of tile intangthks rather tlimi from Lm.I.~ uwo v! rtkaterittl uwhzw. T'he rapizm,)ral em.-overy of Eighth Army ip January in one of the true' phenionwrit of our militaryhimtnry. Ilerv t~herv im tinir for reliet-tioin only on certanin of it" tnngential "Iwei~s.

The Army had i'prat five ~reks, 'n ueritret; the prli-nt fiaet !,t its etwrittionn had6been t~he avoidinig of clow e oun~it with the enemny. linnikfi were diiscouraged; hotvingr10 Wda w~imt thr imain purpose of the nstion migrht 1xr, ¶l'.y rv~u!' tfnd none in them-xelves. It. was an interlude of negrtidvt leadernhip anid mrr.ru iv"'tum- Where a "Watof wordm nixut t~he need for persoruil decision mndtnr.x~imum i'id;vidun stt'w'ssi-renimivhit hiave hl ri-teived 1y trvxops ". jivtw no riuch boniliaxi, rairhpAia on bstyonietfotlg:ifg wervf-d poiinted not(.te that the peritxd of uncertasinty wr-P t-ver, arnd henoeforwardall ground would be eýntmcsd. In coirhijiaston %ath otheFt.rhnr~ eminpcyrd bythr ominjv4anud uni rsff, it ,'-hook Eighth Arniq. cut of a statte of teztrrnw dep. ~iun andpmve it. Ire-.'.1. Noz.dencm in 'Ma" ciwn power wid ini Icadrrndiipa UPonthe eiCsituation.

Thim Wax the -significant "ons rihution of the bhvtjwwt to the reintoiatitifl of EighthAg'rriy. It wan a dt'vicc tn~ the ". tnring of nuorsle I. a ra.rtirulivr uituatioil. 11%it doe. not. frd!!- 1)v any nw-ans that tile bayonet anti hayrnet & etnne make thedifeoronoe bet wren half-hearted troop.~arid @td&-.gtutr;oni-npfightersin any situatIOIL

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8om .wof Ow. ablm~t mad h ~~ti~ nfut-, eczi'e !_n Kort" l~v Wottaire up tht, boy~ntw Ano @Ay oautiriht. tlnt tiwv w no goon in "r. hy itmues "I-

f,~ byr hixher authority tu peruuadt tJ am to use it becauee they any that It is aninvitation to be kkifll WWAle.ay

Tber a.-&!w-. i oh-r wlpirh? hftv-' u-A.d thr hyo~onrf With rgn'at ntyf.vi* t * gAn the rerc~rt mntndhs, It may be remaxketi ftn' i, tri;' ot"Snat Ulyware alr.1Rdy omhat-worthy, &xrewive, and effic:-6- tin the ume of theiroth~er arms! Woe'r 0,P7 h..M-n bayznet tiujhterp. Thiere is hno proof whiat*ve-r that thehaxnnona ty r&ftpqyadL tham a*h fiahtirm Mad ~dmdatarlizll to their fishWik' powi 6a'A group.

Thne baet ehotilm by Ewy Corrni'my, 77th Infantry Regiment, against 111HI_.fl (both the eraintsr suitA s en the coaiivletetd narrtive of thin action hx,,e bernpraviowely pub~ialm)'1 L6 the oaim mode."i oporallon &f thia chuaiuczr whl~ih rvwy beiitudirid in Its full detiiail, in the light of knowledge of the ind i~idi, ennoerned. theirprior aerviec In oousbst, their feacilona, physical and emotio-'itd, during tl'e fig2'ý, and

I t therefo-e thrown R revealing light on the, grneral subjefl an~d particularly onthe dogree of emo 'timmd intenstity whieka is required before average Amiericans can goall-out in bayonet fIitding.

The reimt. Wr'n truly phenowena. 0-w cannot help but mairvel at the Impetu.osity of these' men, onow they prt started forward with thvir nflf-s ready for a cuttingaction. But thio wro not an 'averap" infantry company nor an averag van wholed it. Both bud alreadty miade a rwputatiorn for unsurrun bravery a'id isangfroid beforeever they got t. r.The compainy included a high p'erventetre of indivdualit withSpwfinh or !%1eiuc~n-Anrwrir.-n blood; they were repi-.-nted in reat diotproportian inthe xetuid emnploymvent of the Mlade Raualzt enemy soldiers

'11, mnorl~!%hty figu~res shnw thip bpreakdown: 0.1 the 18 Pnerny soldierr killed bythe hotyonet after Espay (:omnpat~ had ct'novd on their foxbalea, 6 met de.'th that way

bftv~eEwmr!' I UPI OW~! !H hA'A IW te !!!1A ~IMS-4-LavutuI' W4- either 16Ma ir etuor a failure to lotd conarquent to the e'zeitewnnt. In four lrsta~nces, the bayonet wasthii "wetapnn of Lvxt rrom~rt" hoewaus one gr-up hat] wwtl up dta vo-minition. In mosetof the other killin~i, the~ meon were in, s) elose that if a bullpt aninewd. the. connequonvemight h~vr beeu fatal.

There is nn nerdl In' this writing to dilate npon the rmotional stress undlergonezbv the bayoinet fightem~ of Eaay C-ompnny or to attetipm~t an aru~wer to thec quel-tinn o'ful'sther troos m'ulti fo'r Ions he nuxtainedl at ouvh -! pitrh vritlaout rixking totp! nervouabreakdown. The record ix thebent eviarnee of the varyi,k~reactinni' oi the iod'4duals;the ques~ion is onew wli~lr eoutld be a~ntwered eempetendly only by mrndieal aijthovwe'But It Ir -,ermricn~ to wtoly study of how far bait-,net ard~ use of the by~'.t inthe attack xho-Ž-'(i be Pushed Lm the: intc.reals of increciuing the &wnbat quality of theArmy.

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Tht, tactieslontiaions, which settomprany aied w-ekitm fle, Yhe eihnotional conso-quone lt~' tite verve ar-ti MiiU excimumnri~ 01 tht bayonet. charge', PRpl oti PA R prifiIWTtindyas tho extmranw vilor of tIw individu.~Al

... The' young Capiiin 'Millhtt, on intcnt on gctling bis attack goingj t~hat he

woaa tile na1tur~i wav t- csct i cvw ro-utr, and pmuTct hiat own form! t!-oui s:ipt'rxwho were t~hum aflv~wt- a free hand an that ground.

mii ' .. Hiia subsequent forgetting that the tank fim' should be adjumid upward

*... The failure to usc mru4rtr toward th:~ mini object.The utrtirving ol Uiru Urtrimde muipply, thritih ihia was a situation cRllins for

grena~s4, iind the resupply ruuzw w"i not wholly jciw~d by fire....Te frixtioralitation -of the company in the attack to the degree where only

hilth in~dividual scL'.6 can~ smve the situittion, an~d indi-iduit! rm-mnit~ir ftilures mayWe !cargoiL~

These ar-a not entries on the debit side, or words uttecr(d hi criticiam a.%nstudy thin fight without being rnminudA iof the' wordim of Jui'.uce 1Wntem~ this, hcroismalone nroji-otes belicf in the supremt. worth of hrrolisln." B~ut it is precively beeause ofthe extreme determrination of the action thitt ita negittive iem1rs Ahould hie held at upgreitt value by the Army as the inspirational effects, of the example.

IN BSUMMATION

Ile main issue in m~gard to the bz~yonet Is not whether troope in combat shouldhave a knife ready for ume ait the end of a rifle, but how much time rhould be devotedU-) hnyonct in the training schedule, &nd what tipe of blade would hl-.t mzit the gmwrxnrJPurpose.

There In every a4vantnae In equippinit troops with a "lamt--r'sort weapon" ptm.yldtel that it in a model which they will Prize for ita manife-st Uk-fulnesa, and which,Ott the' sm'e time', will give tlaen extra ph tect~nI'nir an r rc.

0! the value, of the bayonet charwe nia A ne10rVe tonic to troops or PAi n experdientii, tactiom, th *is repoirt entinot atte-so.. Ther data f m~m IKo'v-st ollermtom proves nothingexcept thnt given an unurtual company oif men, an unusually vffvrt,%'t' tUzi of the weaponmany oceuusionnly be ma.Ie. Thelrew Is noething to .show thait it !uuiuocu phoenomnalmoral reul whnrnivloyrd in the attaLck, e-itlit Umni tl!e: L§.-'"* AIo'ttnrge't": proof is larking thnt in any particular situntion it xr-hievrd a grrater economyIn olwrit-ratim than irncremuwd fir'e power might have done.

But at line of bliIrjim-ed itteel alonA the deferimive thie im additional inrurszwe fortile individuil mid nitay weii im5vi' a profounciiy titiering eilert upon the enemy'. remolve.If troolim mn- t'w t-mditioned to hsvinig the bdade reslly For drietwwm they will PAoont formtile lipthit of terryjitg it. in tile atfa*rk, rewdy for ujw if nrie'dtm. Tile tmt result.., willell."Vu4' if um.e' i,f the' 1)ayontt iR emphasism] in. this order. Themv in nn i'i mteyinic value'in any te'tieai teaching wideli runs counter to the conawmor& i-nse and Instinct, of theityeroze "imodrx

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1-n Is~e~ bayon4t ik hola'y, urewicldy. tLAr' U-) mharpn, and liarder yet to Owbi-WOa pedration with. The, blade is not Hod.~ rwti' by tioc irs ~a' fte'ara

It and ,IiaW it.0A!1 I!iflnt!)' C Tflm)FflI(- itVW 'N'ars wrre ia itprv*nwIr1dim. tiit nkn~if-

type hzmyori't. for tlII- Al I Wotild ix, v'astL~y pew'f~ rair, jtfljd J k rsif r wi h ý- ?t Al4'd 11ndle

Wert' irwilr-, whiefh at the ftme timm wtj- ow-,-aA m a tti tmLj!ILRIp!I , tmix woutd

and ***, id ~ . buch *n ri; - . j ,.-qe in an sy C"* * for W th ',tfti f!D

kzxi v im w!!1 thui~ght of by t~rotyps, but they.tvi'ieve that wi even better model could

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CHAPTrER XVI.'. J

n- f-

PISOL AND AA GUNS

.45 pimiLThere are numerous exam~ple in the w~ord of !he t,;miee pirto Ixeing upwA with

killing efftx- at 10-25 yards rtuir16e Iin perimeter defernc when 0 Li1 firer -had no ot~herweapoýn. In fact, there are more, R,'!h instannee ini the Korean operations than wereto be found in all company studjee made durinK World War 11,

A mosrt dranmat~ir exp-m-plt nor-etr ed1 witfb;n th(e 94.1 Infanfry Ikr.t&JAne-nt. In daky-ligh~t, the company took mider olbser'vation aun enemny partyL of about 100 adv~ane-ingdirettly Coward ita posi-tion, which war on a low u-ili Rnp~~nmd like a hvii-Pt1io'-. TwoCMCMny sotyuta moved about 50 yards in advrano of the mpmin body. Thi erzmeuit whowax in chttrgr of thr forwarrd fcixhiol#CA knew thsmi he h~d týO get 01he e41Ut,4. but hie e.!dn'twant to fire Unti i hc ma~in bcxixv **A~ witlin 0i4P _.jfntjL lie' %va~t4-d unitil the twoneottm amle UP the Amat.iad to within five yu-tdn or the foxhole. Thrtn he 4hot themLo%1 n~wA one AM~ WOUiinu..ig Uw C. *%if A littW.W te0w signal far the cwiatrucion ofthe enem.y rninnr body.

The pixt~ol iit of dtr-fnite value in the tye ofFraeepnee. yIi1it AMyo one hi-Ars more words maid ~obout its jrovedl u.fulnem thnn during either World

wa1r.howeerat ~em t,~re~juitt below freezing, it gnvfl, x gre~nt deal of trouble

becaum. of frt~t lock, Rik!eodii to th, um, inuxt 6-e tloantdo l i n htfired periodically if it is to be trusted

Sorw~ ITf-tiofl of the' AA reuthipie maounix Ia periin-eM tor any Rummnury ' (f indan tryw~pns ~t in th, iivutn fighiting beeauw4, dei-pite U-in Peparate chamu~wr of thep

.AA arm, it ts as &u adjounxt ai infautry figh~ang that Whe AA gun haA hadit ascigt dN~eIvinipw~c upon lEioith Aaamy ope'mtioma

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ThW is twrticularly true of the ouaiI'- (MIO6). which hap mr'ater Wt~'icaI flexi-

biLity Jn .g~vu.'itl Ilh~,tUl and' a viwibly gret'ft'r dinmorsIi-zni MTN.~ Upon tile, caerny

~n~atry)u~etha theif'r~ tan-r).It would tie ditfirtul tocxr9j~t..raitt 001u e1TuA'tVe-na*P nf th lad.) Whlt'n ul ~it)N thin role. !1ixP'd on (Iii Knr,*i 1SkOT!'AT it en b s

I -.4 I;ac t ,ki w Ih%!IeIn~ y o i ki . ',jý r I, oyI g fltp I n)crd nr It', 1 i; a* !t

no o~ter weRp'jn available for tile itujpport of itilaritry W!'11 dtprrit ri'cn~y tirrpoinor

trip"t quirl:`y oand f~lly. and in grp' rall udi~ourtnge tih, enniny Irom tatill tiny ..(fvwtive

4'4

phencinntinu. "lie ttwti~czJ Were~ of VIytv ~ ±~~~ -'t

put a width rwnge of deianiidtl upon the weal~r. n~r~i~~~~~r~'~tthe rhi4 aip'id of a dr!eattd A -,%Alumnt~o brat bnvk ertermy for,-'-'-')~ trom bot~h

*1~~~~~~'S~~ f!.. !n ;Q~i' Jf I . (klTt tI ~ IiuA ircri ra". ij t o II n

for the Int,'rdition of an cw.anpe rout~e, In a fourth t 4 4,I~t. 1% "-eintk~rd wifi armor

to sugmernt the bvxrago ifire tmaimz cove~r of which tbe itifivtuty i. -3' lov-1yitig

ridgtrirw by direct ftmaull. In a lfit-I ttituatkton, it in Ute "tsort for i,~a calurmn of

unarmoredl vehiclea

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CO~fl3AnlY WI'h. Armnr, 01he b1Mtry tahoul'! br rnunlult-1 in n ko v.ehicle.Pmb)ably thro Met Commoon cniplyment of the quiutd-N in K(oreat Is In the

SO'C&llNI "blocih)ng" role,. The t"r-n is ain undert~atmennt, x-ner in erTet. the giun inftuIirq'f'~r 4;1 thi: zn1aw. ni ~ efrRM Ii'd'1,~ ii' (;1!11 VO"k c:.Wiuh rpg l oti'ruinr~ betei,ýfjgr'd to an 1"rdnnry 0(omjs"ýuy. Umwfl~y: it i-t dp~' d~~iwr1 o the fift'nk P.nd

rear of the hite~ of infant~ry prrinetori: its fire ilý ri'wtxo*md to bim~k the avenues of lowgmNund ti~roug.ti whiclh tho rinemy miniht. fiitk'r at night, ridtihr i.o' t.kie 0thi irifi~ntry In

__ f¶(ttbVi(tV knmfý hittiisstn'i.Iw,' ftn." ha. r~wn.I(oit. Tim accomp&yany~S

In Koi'nv, the record of 'AA operating in clo"t vuppo-rt of infitntry hom x. anenof attfiiiy p.-b-ress Rjd ravi i evolution. It in tto t not~qd, hoiwever, tVixt it. i genenillytionfsijit~ent *ith Lhp doci-nne tauki,10. %t tri~ AA ',nt.. tj.A t%(*-. Vnf W,1 ldWi TTi

ai tflat thnc' onditi~nns in irrtizuittr warfArr which wou!d bring AA forcus into ciomr&woirking un'.cnn with the Infiint.ry wert wellan it~t~te y the othler arm. The aL

&ru'rrrt cewpt do a lot of superficiri prottiring "u~mit the new rl'As atknd~nt On iconiv~enmin, but titita dtwpi not detra~ct from bhe r~qectivent-iti us the union.

an an*alybiix of rt-riCtly infantry, wrapon~m. 'Sxffic'e it wo conrlude that isuqlpo~t !rcm theLA A L LL, l I. ~Ad iriiunti-5 ~inm- LPurl TH £IDI Uo e uC caia RuryUTC of ~t~l;ininyg to thi-a~.y .z inl Koru.

As for pf)*tible lintem of future developmenet, the phIcernent of AA multiple-fireweapem, in eors,&iritatiuzi wijth h.;gtms and in' ojx-ration--] Junctu.-e with armored forces!1rnPared fer c~our~ter-hittinq, could well breome a mai n tr-dmbiiue in tho, ti~iizg-ut ofa crendlat~ed froint which thr infantry forctr IN not rufficic-nt to i,~.od strongly in all1 part..

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* . ~-~-- - ~ - -CHAPTER XVII

TH P TJ71T T

7ED it LATZEBE INORE

HMUD THER~ PUBLIC DATAVai' the- NoeHE fitl am tdyitinr~rr eentoe xtni h

An ts~ingbl tit Nvchrdihr bwnute ftlie f~ aillui . o tuy tit- Ain Py I apped erin, A [it o iuaine tiiiipolicy tnot d.terivP Anny in,.thxn inhe fien ald ofut publicad Colliri awt-APna U4,fcnat400

foram.

"Thie Informationtal valurs wbirli cerve to enlighlen 1)iihtie und..rittjandim.4 r, 4$Iw Amry is farinit in war will *, c~omparrd In the other anrn of irfln~stnrzatjo which a,

LI gapecifieanly m'rvt-a the. eromandt'r to providir him with at mort otbjerI:%i~ apJ)reaiWutif lain. awis ifoa*S1 "0~ 114kort ftcii'ie kiiowk-dgi- 41 thr. Pramy. It I.- brlirved that, to afar greater degrw' th~n the Army pe~rwrally imS multro, tlwaa' two lines of sauard coinoieF] ~or run roughly paralirt, aund thal from mneamurw-'i taken to nwrt' 'rormetly Wnorm the

dvelawi £mnj~iorlitre. ti, fildt-jwIII br Onit' A 33EI4tam of 6atlctuirld data collictionubc ofhwteAm urs;hIIrgt t atk wiewl oeitlietiodirw'tt'd Laward serving these tvv Pmain objets.

Itiii of extrntir hznj'orwaitr" thAt a nat ion havie iw~urate knowledge of 14s. ehar-Pctd'F of ita; army dumir~ strvic' in war. but ofin v.t niforo v-It-lti tat the ('omniuakderand flw formwi osirvinit tiictrr him 1wr enabled q~uickly toj catth an exact refleetioui of theidown imag, so that weaikP~Pn will wit 1* manadsiaed and titrengtho unduly iisc'uuitod.U~nder Llh- prmtuit :yftemtrof fPe*,a;-sq rewl arujirtza within the Uzaslbd Statra' Army,

twijw~ oftiw obecucan I* amured, end the Lotal mispromian in both mphelve IAnvAts .t of bit-otr-iniaa eAleulatians leadting to hit-or-milu &6-s'~nns, Ps tibm Jovember i

K] battl. proved. That tCae comelouoc we-to not far *urw. war due moore to our luck

thht, ouar wL-4mn. iiey rn~thmye bcweti Aw-MoriM nridad the Armly Itzoeff ruine)dIWCauaw of tkie sir'iple tailuri to guther and to makec known thie fNewa.

T.", nol. of inln-tzxry in the. suet-ining of publiec cKnfidffem- in the Army In thhtof % finvrhii.t hIa '."hl L-. hysstcu thir e :, ncI thrre it rIo wty to) s~fer it. (;ooi'urnet.y,aisoi arytF art-ion mZidff infeutzt~ry mor~ni'i. p?'c it~ d 111(et'T )d to( i f - (i',ut uT: df'r the

temt. nt bi'At.)e, nio filnontr of 11rave~fv aSjd OMCi6vofieotl r)vd-leiqthe tactical P*nqLWnrl4) or the txmition of thte Army in the opinion of thi, public.Further, if tho inraiztry fine ia I alx.,Iy vv~lua1le'd by thqe prm rwnd public irmd, zt;5rryto% foo%# 6 6awtuA~ ^f nnnelsuinw 1t.&*1f womkza and oiktlenhfieritly. thmeO innormt iudxýM_ en~tjt '51l _Peirct -a d-v* n#.. upn the. mrrre und wi~l of 0e. toetr. force, wnd many 'rimf

infiuenee thr docialon of the romunaraide~r, unssla the Army tit sn pmoi tof (4 apply in~terioremordrts hi.irmw~h W~ pouseaaioti of arupm.ior irfor'rnction, It its not e~nough for troopethernalvem to know thatt they are good and rnave lxen doing their duty. If otherspla~c alow Mhaxc ?1tki-n U1 toy have !men 'Vibly i1rdjofA1nL(d, thant entlifilt* willID timaA corrode the spirit of the total force.

WHAT W&A Wn~rrKIC

The lFightlý At-my in D~eemrber was thp vic-tim of chi 6 -cutM.-frne. 1n_,~ct~cffcct there' wtw no eN~rsorship. The 0,riumnd did nnt. pom*is ol .ctive informationcovering the coztiduet of the* taec.ic4 foroeg which hard been defeated b)y th*e cnemy- in thebattle along the Chongrchon River. Lackinig fiuctunp! data on the battle, the younger,Iem%-expericnred, And rnn1lWr~vrIWibA dsnf.x let their irntngmnatioxum raun riot,wrote reainx baxed -on~ hearmay evid#enve, and put a trpgic ovemrn-phamdR on wnne of themainor hap;yziin." of the battlefield to the exclumiar. of a fair repoxrt on the remarkablebmravry and errdituble conduct. of the miijority or tmropi: of every unit in line.

The remult wan an outragrow. slnander of the Armny n-A a wh;~thlt h~d Ito tmalrr.1atiorAlI~jp to t~he event. In an hour when thc force nveeded necurit~e appraimat anddtio ree-nmit~ion o! hniw 4t haf fev'd A gvrat triptl in a xo~dierlv ?~,-;Ht, it. wan port~ryedto th.h nation by ikirneC members of thwi jlmm aft A horde ýof r'ixinways and mi~ciients,The d&;nar.. dont, ". ýhr-, falme report,-; -"ud not ntco rnkcv by the work of

6- a rexrmtabir. r..ndenry ini the pul-ihe, pnruri-mvi~ly iin titnes of rrii;'n, to ei~nclude thatany dnmnining rrport im the work of a ferirlem and honest indlividimd, while the wordsof th:vw, who npeftk ili praiti' nrr dimeoutA~d m- co~niing fromn a friendlty aouroc, attankptlngWo covr up the wrriened m it~kee of th.o AýIray'

The fact wguq thrat the onrly rveal paniic had taken Hlam, among the corre~pondent..71he infantry enryapsnien and. art~ilery WAiL i~lex htt(d 1whioved well. Nowhere along theline ww! their, any incidtqwe, of whiat. eould fiiir~y he ttallod '"psui&' kmcnng them, unilat lart they hwd [*,-n cut down to 20-30 mewn txer unit Uirough battle looeuse and, ini thatpitiful ntmnrcth. had irmte*n into a final! ontrapment. 1.

IHowever, borat=e Ei~ht'si Army ;:nn__.nddi notI have the inctical dmtw oahow thr line hoad fared undcer pressurr, it. L.oW-, wial Overly dc611thtful a'txi~st. whrAt hAdleErn prioved am to the rchob~ility of the- lin, iinder pl'-itro~l. For monit than t'n wooksafter 0-a. Lot,1 hid elod.c Ote late Generyt Walker entertsknqxi the imprftInp that Lb&

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L11fafltry comnpanieoo defent*'d iaong the, Chonr'ehon had voiuntihrity tturrendered pvouridtuLrwad of *riAki~ii It OtganrI-Up fight. for 4~. 'F~irprumhon~z wax wholiv iveomo~tt; 4ii1W'TtMa t~pvf'r ojt4. ar~.itler 5b-th-ion hadt roart,-.d t~t the susrprine by Qki* in n hiukhlycfndiliali mrnIraiwr; thiRi could toe we;i e"t4RtIis)ied by informitt~ion Lhecn Ini powmlUor of

Certi~iri of thrmo preaw rpprw'rintions3 of the Ij)ere ber oituation and thrv NovemberhAp-1ireFn Irrt deerving of eurz-!11( tv-n;. prtkiK# i. t:-D 1gi~t of ou1)Requenlt

Writing iromr K~omi Ini early Dee,:nber, DI~hid McCoa'ni.ll, ricireiapordent, of the New-York Hlerald Tribune, Paid thiis:

f~pp* - I4t ; -_J __ A ... 4oan h..nv *Mw~v, Ie Wri

fiOa.t tic Klpmlly tjikcs a whip;plng.* O~inking only of running away. In my day heMight. hnve 1ti1kei ft whlpy)1Pn; in a fight, or hwaehnl g~nme but always a rgipped bbek."There boys are werk."

lit latr daysn, MeoVn--ripl wrote r. le~ft-.handed apo logy, never amlmtting that hehmd boen wrong in 1)epvrnlxia', but exewipiiiK, hitn~plf with the %tiuteirint that the Armyhmd ch-mls-M-d Rine tie wroti, Six wufxliý of candv'mtrtion, "in other ,.,rrds. t-hp hmrd-kihting Army of tUoliy iN made up momstly of the hug-out tv-yr, .)I iix monthi. ago."It if' anl ONi that doez'n't waah., sine~ tht- record itsm'lf Iviele th~tit Mr1CirnyeU hrnd 'nowl-edge of the factm on t1ho Noverniwr battle. The compani.es which bore the brunt of theOCC attttk did not "ru away." Unit by u~nit, thry eo:t~dnu-!ed therwvii gadhsntly.T'his iturveyor w) repo~rtc-d tob th,- -Liglkth Army "mmiTnnd in December, with themewordm: "Ti'err is .nedhing wrong w'ith the ju 'nlity of thome troopsl. American h-Aenever fought more. brsvely in Piny war." The rer-ord o! unit me.tinnit xiinnortit thit eatiyestimate' even motr ca ImrTw-txr 11y than do)em the ithrwingz by tb-eme mime foreex Iin thlvrnouths iwhirh followrd. Blut nt th0t r.tnrge, nrhitmn.v npinionn were itr~f~encitir judit-rrent more direedly thain the weight-of the materia) evidence.

Anothpr exihibt ef i'lie m!!itfl kind i.- quot.-d (-mon the xyndirpted c(u1utin %4itteby Drew N.&rvhn; it w,~piflih in the' Urite Stni"' ir. Jaintiry 19.10. Borie aretw. wordly: "'Vhe Zid' Divipion of the t~ighth Army parmi-ed. It had lw-n left behindA; r rirv pukrd fciy th" F'`Ihldh Army viilh Nu rh 1 41~ A flnk.Vreic cvowed between thr seuth lrimnrtrin nd the Arneriernn... hiiludirig hid fi~zhts, nnd theAtnerienrim we~re firutilly Ori~redrr to keop kwy rnv 01#1 &-uth Korea*- ThL't Led totoss of contArt ~TN-1Or the two, No that the '2nd !)kivlpiov did nit know thnt Clip touthl'nrerpn hadJ drtnpped bark, Irmvirig the Amnerican flink exxposd. Cl~iis gnvp the% ('ints,

a canc t inilnse ad t~ ~d ~vkin autrkd ndrns. ourbattaltons unhookedtheir firlt] nrliery and mrinde st (liuh for the itt. 1 was while tbus' runining thatthe 2nii livit-ioya s'fire'rfd mont of ita r-i..ni~titi - which amo~untz-f to over mJ rwerentinM rotuse M"cArltur ws, rahia, Washinguon thst the 2nd N)vba'4on was 'unfit forfurtlbe. duty.'"

Wit, he xm~s-ex_-r~f!t ý!!-h taLst~auz-nt. pervr-nlrg to FEC".l cable-ecmrn~ whicn shim writtr is uninfor~rrd). tlt.en!~ ip not. one werd! of teuth in thim

tiiurwription of tho 2nd lDivittion's experieie~e. 1i is fowna as to the Renerld rb-irv. Otatthe Divmsion ran, falop a- t- what in said of '&n Iivisiion reloktion writh tb IIOIa,

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and falee am to the implication that the artllle'y behavod In other thaD *L mnoot ascldki.ty

Dut It to unfortunately the 'em. that MOMht Army oomtsm~ant during the viraLweeks of Drm~mber, wi"' hardly better in~forme -fth'MnIN. I Opertions8 of ;Md(I lqvaaier~

-nndb fhimov rurror and report, and thn Army po~tenut,* wa it; drwi f aiAir ;cdbeing underestlma "d, the Army's nonrmal st-aff prooem" did not embody the -n,?a

numni14) ivcorrowivua.T" na" nWm K wn oi~Jitahll n1 falhbums Cniplax1 n at blortiva

knotledl, of whuat had been done,*The exLtent of this jeopaxd-y newds to be rrtor.,iko In full dianrian If tho

ca for amplifying an-d perfectizig Army infonntatlon policy I- to b-- properly urdersatod.

In 1Uoe:mbor 19t50, the Eighth Army wus near WWth defeat. Though oorporallyvha Ariny reikniined in reamonably sound con~ditionm, an' -1 rt-i-tien to the Chineseeenemy itji tate~rirl vonteding powers hisd noit been Periously diminished, the nsirit ofthe Army dma 'J, bottom. Tm. weemn acoa Mrbutirig to this 6onditimo,among them being that len~de~rwhip at the high level renmined powuliar1y irute, sayingno words of rcma~raroe &M-d ennfiidenoe to troope, nmking no cal.imbtoe &A to the futureoourve., doing little or nothing which would give the As-my frea.b monviction of its ownpowers or convrying thet the nation which had Psent it forth. would give It drterLMinedbacking. It wmu in these eirrmptutmiica that talk of evacuatinr thc Meninsuja becatnecurrv~nt amnong tro-ope, and fighting men said frankly to on-- another thpt the sit'iattionwould probably permit of no &lternative. To lo)ok bark now and my that thinpi were

r~e m tint as they waemned, th-at eu6%eteticrnt &Yvtoo~nntr- proved that thernw fearswere Iu.fjumtihfid, and that themt wam ritver omy real dangrr that &H~ ground would b4logt, dtiwt; not mnitignip whRt-ever t'. gravity of the December erisai~.

For it w#A. n crisqis In Ohe tho;ighta of uv'n. mAn could be eantd only by the auto.stitut~itg of ideas which would supply new menital vigor. Ini the nature of the situation,

wan vitir-ted by the same dnubts which aaaaiktd tr'oopa. 1 sth aH-iunnrtarwt .questioeWAR Wheither the Army then in K~orea poamemmid the pover to (oflten'i agairnst its newad'verriary. 'Io miakei a true. ounwrr recquirred firxt oi all *ae-umit#- imeaurriemet of themoral and Mamteriad value. ThAt 00111(1 only be done by weewint what hi~d cmceurvWjalong tJ- lisne of bjittle. In aze Novi iih-, fight th1w ftK;hth Army had wecquitted itselfWil. BI. hisL t~l vta ruth rmawoied uawk"~on to raniks, PA wrIl as W& hiigh commandars,and leconume severid splendid divisions hadl hw'ar mI~nglewtl it wasu perhaps too tasy tozancludea that oonduet hsd beert inferior or that the new enemy hwi nuigic bcyouadanything pr~eviously expecrt-riced.

Thete. illusions in fz.et n'nio the sfixution. In the -- m- of Uhe N~c:%un~b-rr MfateKA.-rwtedA nations about the wower arnd morthods of CCF were. as much a part of theattnoxohý-r. of tht ITheAttr am were low appmei~ationa of the fighting capacity of our ownfield forotia. CAorrvepou&.nts worked overt"&~ p-:trayuag the new cortny in the nvxot

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terr'hle Mjwt rtermitted by thiair 1nuhnationx_; % w1 d1erbm as ra fn i ordefirelYii evrour lille tLn ITrWv~iIt!"l waves, charz"' intLo h uefCi~fllon'tB momUb with

iiansirmmlI fury, zx if umdet the n*!H of mome dtug.Nis". of thia~wzum trup. We wre fixtinw .- ~-vrg~a~itvs'n

or ;lwviuI!&'rvjt I IOC artIalii'd sAdy 01 Gh 1W-nir "Ou~i icrmni~"-. dwr&:nR Owr Novrymrrb~Lnd Dreer!nber fighting alnwed OonclUwtivel that Lh.e (Thlnete "crv a vubj~erable emmryand thtrt thr~y mulid be oetn If~ lseud Krufl in -nn ss wiLiy.d n

Wor'"~ milnxix zu"I frvwIn wv~ri W#11 muinnicicl Widh nut~i~a It rtzia&ýbut to develop a sharper focu5 on the~ en*erny tacti&ti pattern, mnti, our own moialebeir'g8 cqurl to the tomt, woir uptrior btarenrgti in finMpower war. eýýItrin oi dvowv't i mnxp&upon the fightaing.

But the faitfen'*' of thoc~ early rkm-ni rdrnasteA xnhii-- them M~! th.h& mnomdamn;ing in tlielr offecets upon the fightirg formi, m ut-yn thow ,vbo umikkc, polily,L'wOhum; the, Army lacoked the tr~chanimnm Wo rmAure its own stirength "nd cuvpiy theinflhrmaitmioul cormtiUvet It. in to be. doubted if a momri triking~rxwple. of tbe, re'i~tion-ship between exae.Uuwm ant adequacy of eovrsve in th-- ptZninzFas us' ýoxmauion and woumndoss in uerntior4, and in deeisium at till leveb;~ is to be feund Plaewnsrin the reejrd.

The 'nutional and TNI caume in Kom* be-me nigh bankrupt, not hlocause tb.Army Wat8 inihere.ntly WrAk, hut I*eaUWe it wtz operating ,Lndx-r a biindfIrU, and ms in&aid in Kei~uc "Whrn th,hi LLAind leaid the blitid. both tdmll fall irntx the ditc-h."

Lither our symterm of operatsiin~TaZ a"l be. :; .oeriw'4mothat the means wil suiffioe the proven nord, or thc earne Qiiag will happen agt~in.

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VACTW 7rfM TI11 INFANTRY

Quite apsurt from thr. cflrct. of sound infornnation pmecurt-nrica upcJI the formingof conmtructivc. pubtlic lx~1ky iii fiL izifl,.noc toward incri~omA 4fliiefwfcy ir, coimliit

rfl~nhtry.t,*berg the hodfy which under Oms nnrmni asituat.Iion in war maintainsthe aauont perwn~i~Lnkonta mmlte itta the fighting pitrix of the enemy, in tlor sst'W1111 Of LisE'

I. l~BIngg ebmoc'mtoI ti'e enfllny, its T1pCrptivrixan' to Itlt jphinonieii pertaiining to*the, er?~my, ~aem ltD mIdIIw-m itsD uM( thir, ng-rzurer ta-m-rd tht- 1014-0t, pow9-3lC bene~fit W.Owth otal forop, oslssuld Is(- uhtr.~t axi-nnittie, theornughly mysyteinatized. and made &out*.througts iisrw',usd we~n1 ion !c. the pwotalerrn during training.

The followir n~ an rfltirtrtw tRIhen from, tfir navrhtlvp (of Get-r., r~ Ompany, 27thInfuntry UcegitimsiL, oonerming itas operation wool of the (hotigehis'e hiver in November

SIT MARVINE r, MARITIN -- Fae-ing lost pletilon, thr asleope wao almuat a foreast, but directly iK in frout of uur pots, the rioe wax bare for a elsort. diolonm.1.7 JrneW T, LAN --- We we-re well iug in. Vi ~ew we'rv old hotet tip tchro. T7hey weremtoo isaball gor aM( to fit In.N ewdndai ep~~ttwn. 'ii,.' arthsarouid was ..

* ~~fairly frvIl;. TJ~W hsim. of Ow11w c oukasaid the. frcipAneuo of the. tirtrh wax thin first tip-off

that tOw enimy nmunt I' Isomeiwheir rIon arour4. iiini uafo pc nml

down aatouoi the trvee.. I hand east anuced thos 11-4,h-le had Iesen clux live dvays betoro. 1iN ut the dimnc was fresher; thoo weaither was fnvsi,~g but thle dlung bad not hardened.

1iIecg14ud4'd thev had giutled out quite urneutly.v Aa-rt - These wias a ranic fouliding in (runt of out pouition and right abat to the

Its GNISP" bhse

tIttie. It was w!)ll earnouftstd an-1 lIooked like an O~P. t8ome uj! the tr--a!hed beent'f D 3w w4.1 raisL.. as.. T i "M &'u .gj TL - - - ;;-.a.. b.4

SIC OWNW. E~kol Wefou4 jeurds in that tu~, They had been twvz

the irstl icr eaftinc: itbowit. Therr; we're wnroi' nwrtirk,* of rie' st~il r.-injf i'g to thei

This ucidtent, baid uLwrn t.. t~e MW* .rt, p4&Mest LItia ir . 1s Po ldiisr thereir. a ma.rknd 6ut, litent Lalent. ior swutizig th-o could be. &vkltajd thmfu~h sc'rwbatt

mort enmpl&;.st in t~rsirawg. It wm'-1 im of grrat vialul.i t-n I1gu1%r-ty;*? warfare.

E.-mpt~ for buph-whwik~ing rXpMt,,'.U;. otia VU-20-C- A" wid MIV &iY 5 1.

par-tictilarly requord' it. Hencv'9 it is givzit L~ti 1' tralrairt Att,.ntit'n, Mitt the iRtiet hxvetf! tkVtdO; tr,-A jflfr~ljKCjjte far~ulty pretty =c"'t os~otz own Wntiative.

FRvomy wien Lro:at ce~rnpany kvrl have aon- grarp of t~he Importsxw of

Inf~ormationt rthirh t-hp-v iive' nh ,1in"d by t1.,'Wp-. m .tive. rto- tlý;v airw nt l;'krdy

to commurfunit~e it to nigh-r ^ulthority wa"-' tu-ju'.uihnn tt~y ."' ha- intn'r~rre'd

with then fact that wlhatevrr new a private soldor may k-arn with, rr*1u-ct to the presecen'rlvein~enta, or habii.i of the eneiny bevczai. - -^ value to the entire Army.

It io it chronic fauht in our arrvice t-h.-9 much of the rn.oAt vital part of what Islearned by the infant~ry Rcreen durinx eomhtt never gert brw-k as far go hftta0bo.

During field operaLions, inauntry shoruld be the sowa pti~lcLiva' tv-'urm- of 6-11or-mation pcvtsining to the enc.rry'a tattics, use of wespon.. combt- supply eystern,hahitAý avid gnrv, "ature.

It i.- a favir rjueution whether dh. Army rervnie the, trv!w' eiaiticance of thim

wk mu wd i;3 W Ad~bi tUike optimum uW of it.Our 0-2 rro!txmee are designed to drain dry any eywmy voldir~r who fa~lL. into

itifsritry handsi. 'Ihey take littlp Woyjimnnec that perhar- more in to be learned ofthr, enemy fromn whiaR hnA hwen. sen, lwaird. st'id felt by- our own wol~dier in the line.

rnr in no ite-3dy wiruwwilng of this field of iidonnittK~n. wrhre it% no machinery forRaldinp, it. up, finitlyzifl it uurop.-t the boatrd. an~d thc'n i&~lr ts It'5r-mx. Rq time

1P looit, matte?!- whi-tb @Le emicultnle a! L e' t to eh=.,e. &ndj rrimny oppor¶ unlties alywasted.

This hInfuitry awrinym!. withn tjtipit Aniny W-4 c-,nc *aiti l~dica, whichowe-mer. -- offniti by nr fmtx rn

The hitndicap ivis thnt the (o,royailt"a. e'nITWT'w-d (ine i~na 10~ a n"lyae, the opera-tironp of infan~try aree!-!rstulY and expeditiomtvy serrzwm the ~dvii~ frivit of the Eig~hthArmy and X (Uo(rpR in the Nc)vemhcxr bpttr &nuld hnvt- requirw'd it itririum st.&ff oifi)x offhccri aMrrn'aib rniund in the, work. The %dvn-ntare wnps the' uriquidtilcut %Lpport

Irin to !h," projrrt by Fhjghth Arymy RPMf, in parti-ruhtr, C'ol Vijihism Bullock, Awt~-,and ("01 iRobrrt G. F'crguiwrn, Amt G--2, (Thid of ('ombat !n~i"e.All lower

oominanridni vtr fully, and even enthusia~tirstl~y.VTi r p roe wA not markedly different (mom the' SOP fnllowe'd in Woriti War

'!y b th rrn. e Jnjhat liP- - exrept for jnren~r emr f.ir. -0! ~!n- ~viel wqws-te

of operations, and exhatumtive aerirch as th everything which eould be teamned of Theenemy from what our tromps had experienceed dwfiitg battle.

BSTg 4AIPMABLE COPY 2

NrfAiitry oompnipfif "drH xrti~e.y batterL"i werrthew main nfijett of the Interrt.Aftiorm~ Mg~nrr e vm-momri, wt-? interv wed to thr etent ii,-nr v4) i ur rlb" Sr

W-4wral fnrzw of opeutimn. = ni t1 f.mxu csrn~.5hich led to ltw taking of dee.mit'rp.Thein rip other way than thisI to c-ontriat the reality of wt-trt oe.-re'z along Ow~

rnfl;. isd g'rn line with thr of~iI" oil~tz:ztlo: Ir thr . ri-,vwpr-I Pch: 1v~rn'INa 1?hP -)~t:~I-,. thr~ (i~g f WhKI~ Wrt- IJ rnni mvi rn ::'.:I! "~

aertatin eat immtka wprv arrvued at. as to Uwe UCk"ei *vtcitc, ta:&Ja1ac '4 &rp.'yuxxt,arnnnTwnt. uae of wrinons. fir-~ Hr~ertu. rth4uof r T! aw~AL-. ----ply, efe.

Tcww.*rv Imn:rdig-htely publm.h.-ft tn the- 1'ihth Am.w v by, ita t-r-mmmnder: thecldm1..ftýrY~tIC1T WRA tlown-yn-aI"'d W-' thrat the Infirr15ti" ~.i~ f; eirrtoiad _.. Pla'toon lewd1.

* ould do tho-~Igod nvv Id~tu to i4 au iif tle C('C. th.' reporthad pttt c'aolsderhhip ernph-mis on the hiigh artion of our infmn.try forrea whkih hader.-gngrd the -ernmy. It wap therd~ome deemed. advianbit, hy Figh-la Anbtv Szaf to riab11W Ttp(?rt to tro-q'- with thi en Wrmt ws of tinw ithu, If-on: thert~ tb.An.1-l~yxt, the wvrk nt thnt timte wAi' far froM. camplete Rund, 'r-ýrirrd o:JT It rev nabiyarcumt't ajiTnplirig from the crux of seti"~ rn~t~',r thaiw a rompvretwnnwr~ &ur%-'v &CIWM

the front. if owever, the SuMif judmernet of 'hiit shi~nerittleP twi 1441 rD; to bewholly rorymfl. Nothing orrurrwd in later qw-ratim". zr furthrr pit",% ini Ol ac -vton invabdilte any rumntaeil point in the initWb findinp. Thre 'tin tho dnrk" -. "- edtW he I nir~y wrell on the target.

D ecauffe the evaluation of dr~tA as to minor una- tha c a ..

period haot beern publiahed in the' Memorandum, "Nte on Infantry Operations InKote,'I there 1A no nerd hrre to diseuf, it. There wf !itwoevcr, etertaits .4Ationalvaluesi of atinte!gre ra#.*t 4 ~~!o~~~ ~~ :~r,'~ -~ 2nd lnfantrDkvi~iqion which h.-ve not bron wholly committrd to writing twrd v- ýýh 'tt-uld th4'rrf-rewetrran r'vcapitulation.

!JAWr ~IM 4DPAN?

1hM Myiikry Of hC--, 111C C.-r..y hi d COflKAI) rt the country, by w hat mean.. hehad citnitrivedu to rojimu Lairnime 'i.;-&vh' law. nun-Mbra, how Ie had managed his shoeh'rniovrwnt., rndu whether the Puretwe Wf him enfrovinwnt. of puirt of osir force wam thpvir~wquenre of o'ur Cefl.-vtunat4' blundering or of hvts pherinwimeiJ elevvrnep"i and acoinN1ly rngineerre deRigit, wftm the riudlek -hicb, if once' sok'rd, would regulate theform of our own counter operations.

T71w gituation mqiepII~ only thi-s brief atrninkry: Prior w- 2.1 N4"wevmlvr the E-.ighthbArmy vs ..,4-.tb4n ndwiing !Iurthwliv.: aRlnomt uII;l),r-. 'lherv haid 1been occjutonalbrrih1eR with lightI fom-P' of tile 4'1~1IlY flint~g AA tiX~k plfwe t0-Nrr;*Tg at long range,withl the Crneniy mit or sinulI lintrulN promptly fxding bJack, rw i xin 4foernedrnkinlvy with M~vifg thrir own livem. *ihrrr w=~ no( gvnwrn pattern t;? th,.r int~erferenee,Pf no klea~tion in thew~ we~re not random-, !rasmwietm. or that. tihey might IV Waticallycontrilled KJuuPm bc'7vizi Al IL- aKftd rniuwdrai. pach wt r- ýjianimuiuev (,t acreening fora largir joror., %It..t of hiaew exeliaiijve were a~t too gretut ranpr to treortain whIetherthe rifiernen were N K or IX2F.

S" 0WO--7 (,CT13KCOP, NISTR

On fltiual cc-itae'te, theson fru.rrillstartp g~roups w-Pre W;mittv dug In Ro'ri d a r~~s o n thea a n1 'nt s v o ! ) r h a .% &

* 4~~uram.g ithipi sanie perimod. :,iidi nuniernua repormt~ to( hiliv~ng rigIht-ri prid riq.4fed $Muna

wrrvi mcn. 11wre wa, z ai~ang Us hlzdle'ii# Lse~ Aimv r,..dlif 6-w nitu'vsit 14-wsrd sit r~aimym m~*--, r~.*tk-;t s.-vcrgit .ir rvyjl Oi l t ih~: tse,i 11111 it 1 i l m~il e 11111 11 Pha 1.fl tY

k cot'~alry had Imin aicilderily wmitv:A'J and re-euriamd, sa ;' ti all btepzImtl ivr heAvy

* 'I~livurh tlh'wm are' todwhr de'Lail, thw.~~ "re. the' nodn indient.iorna up to the hour

whit-l w~wid wiud 1 hr xn*r, AIlav'it one 1~tnont huid pwse.d ownc' t hi firM C CI aim11ibR)LoMire jiprwig tig-iaiiitI L-glet Armt- C4U;ilUls in the sAreft 1)Irtlawixs t t-- thc (h'Iaign~ball

At MM)O ou 25 Nz~viau1lor. M~ik~~(eir COMI:&Y1. iv 9thl.'fantry I epialtrt, ouarted thegh.otfit of PIN' 1219, i elckfilaizip 1 0'y jve C. prt'und J1164 IV t!:! C-At Of tIVe C31011KCeho

* Jti~Myrr. It. g't o'ti'-third A~ i~y uip tit,,' hill witru live' gry st4~e !.wvm~ dowit or, its lItsqciuud, 2'l~i 1'ritwnil, F'tejeaR$t. Idewre'awe tirnith, Jr., mi the thigh wid Lt Ilobert A..

ii;na~i i ta ftot A~ho~i lwiJd flut tili ki..-, 16". tisa w~to% the firilt(;-re in the' liatitli of ther ( auiraycloim iutd thei btlafitisa 4if the. C'CF mneneul'er to count-er-attack in rtat-Aoi (muone miafin line.

1'weidl, the rituntion twik a 1140' turn at the inorn~et the~ grenadet ejIWph-kd nmkrntith told hrmitsm", iii the Fr-needin dayme the' enciny lot~roua had t~rwa;dl fire &t longrawt.f And then faded hmne4. 'ihitM !.dy wi~itrd until floskr niuno u"hirm t% f',!w yardsa'lit L~.45;'r ib4 N'IIdc. lhu& . w f~~l2gt migW.gC jiuer wit1h j.aenadra bnd

nuiit4,3eiv~ fine at '.0--40 y:ard'i rige tbroujgtanat ft-^,. morniing and itfterneemn, it WjW

Pfili htoldmi¶ ile hgbf-it f 219 whela ditrkneoL' eafme, SLiA alfing ot~h lower knols, whfer

Nevonake'r.- 11h1. d110k t~ther (iiie (t~gtwit 21 tniine order.-or gof2Noembtet'r. when iu Iwiac % thdew onrepe inw 2ul orer. ne ntlni-'nrw f2

Put the carly rzxperienar of linker COmrany wow no! own In itme true siirn.exroe,nor 9rae the (set tlAct cubesv Compaimia' moing'V?4 up toward ti,'- PAamn' livan Hker btecame*trgugP'j Intfr inl 'he' day by duig in enra.-y greups r.-prisig Vheir (ea-t- with vi.ryingdt-gnrtci f dettrmm~Antio'n. Toa r'zinla kt was not apprreketAd tMat thiie sucddzaooale.oiiog .z~il hrt~ariernen (if rve'aiintowrie .d',( ig r tor~y-ilruler 1111s, eW~ifiniee flint the Vnenertarie' mal aiitueatioll lund become. wholly truuiopeuued. It wam not until artmogd 24MK on time2.5th ttaot (lit d1VIA)"1 c.xaumuld wsuwctd thAt r.tTaio, hood tacken, it ,tiral tuin, though the.&rtil~lery Iliq lood rewlird thoill evir4 iaiu~tz ', ixut 1NXJ. uid) withot prnW.9ind Itsconviewa'ie foitwitholy to the highor hII.

Ij 11jylif,1 aaisvIltif" WMarnot mon~aj for doubt that (ifs'edkitein w'4t' lin a wh~olly s"ePyekn. Th Dlnjti~'~~r hP4d lorrii mi'rgnovir tall saic (igte line.. (Too 'end finri-rii I'tatioahadilwous trurk. 4, . riir ooeuw a nc vru.~on naty~mabad bee'n cut Ofi to-d the.r situntmio vremaine'd unknown.

FrIom~ tho sa~ldaing ofC Baker Cornfany.svonward, thf enemy'. extwater-arnovermtprowweded with a rha3Uinu whiehsid uw.' manlwy that the march was keyed to thaissvent. CCY had a plan; it otould have F4voW~ ar~y upon the romastsawo ofiund by a .

&Wb, dj 128

sorrwhat ni'rmw b';t un*14inkiin wfvwn -ranning the hWluis ahove our ow:z M~R.14ti tweausem we wn "on Ube offe-awiv." &ad tl,, ba~ker (Xurripany f;t'& was

ý&k4efl as ',inO.44eJ :1t I'ritdto axiy n-.%4r rt ' in thc psmf iuiw of Eie.J enemy,Wbt3Ly. 6ou-:)ixzqu canuisvi ýc de~ploy Wward thim m-rw- line duerizg the aftern-oonl.

lAlwa; 1 c-m- -- i- .reau~rtdr btw the 0zi'e the AIV'iosen g--ntn? tbkt

ntighboir wiaern the Ux' itadl% Qlow,-d dowr. mir'u!d. thcmtii htd, nruh1t. 1ad thr e rwinyin iact been wrll 'iffrm4,nj-id 1;il he bl ix,=.% t-.?ocrtil ht~ # t,,mim by wt-py ni tha prma corrm.#jndonkit, nouiUhizg ecuid have ojItyed outf foroves from becing-

G11AY7 &NO COMA1ND VY"TXIMM

'IOn the bmaim CAI tlsh'ý rneap;r olgnm wn of 0, t-nenoy in the dfnye Whirl p.-tceded

th-*utcrcInp of srtiý,n,-tLe hlihcr coiriniado". of thr tr0o-j whd i c r 1frlk-d liately

~~ach ~ ~ ~ ~id ELI~rztyi~tv tno ha' (I'F1 htid lwnx dirjoxed &Md

The bWtl-e had tur~i- attendied i~ ailormor5J 'ftrloi due wO b.--fkd-lvrn ini

and the eu~cunrix" for quisk extricatiorl. 1. vvtx thrrdr're not. unniatural t!A~t.the G-2 P-nd otiI!data on ths fisrJd prc-txr waA quhn1tiutiv-ýIy F::- urJQutiifacekrythat the--& xurrzminc were madle pretty m~uch in the dark. P.1t thAt nz it maty, the %riewof MY c efleetivenrwý in gran~d tar'tite enphaoki?.ed thce folllowing clinrteri,~tiea-, whi'ýhwei-m held in tornixin by ncar'ly all concts-rmd. (1) Th# -- rrwmv irvntem cd recuznP.M&%r'e

nr~r~ tn, cornbit wnm little tthnrt of perfection iteft-f (2) The enemy army had twxnm'~1dwifa-ln workII on the h~xh kround to either ttldc af 1the bmcý%,adfk

.A.'mertran tittack on the morning of 125 Novembe~wr hnd ale~rted the forwird crust of thiscdefenstive belt.

nr- -trouning which led to them~e comrln Iuzinnp It, Alio Iub~tAntially clear. Firitall thtAt ha~d twe'n ortn of the entyny In prior daym hn~d indlirst*d thmu when imet. he wouldbe dug~ in atloiA the hig~h grouand. Socnnd, in the d~fn',when '-' waitImxAohe .view the df-pk',yrwnt tmtn the~ air, aistd the over-all pasticrt hiJ io 6,- judg"d tii

limiiv-d view o! what ".14Q gi'txafirm a Ifew of its rifie comprtnrie in thr mniddle 'Ofengwriinent, it hid sftmwl thni 'Y.F had nun-vtd f(;rw::rtJ'thrir PýPrtwTul fr.:;%,% via thehigb grou~nd. T1hird, alhnoet ni the otatr.i of aei~',tlw- rnhrny Lgad Pttruck drw'r agitinatberi066v ppintu'aqueh u CI'e aid Ptiteidnn, Pand mar~ficry rxin p tin.Wbile- epptrently,with full of Iy;32i~ lw) (infantry r~nn rwrl.d in! t.Leac wu~aIlat-kobs.At wMA a "tum-l thc'ii.h wholly erm.t u t~it'. (n)iCiu'.Of hiv, (/Ci'ý;z"W

kwf t hig- 110eti-rorls Ad rore. ttrati~zla W tbrir it! tlie a# c .. "g

that the blow to the mear would z-ollapa t.hr whole lxxiv of atta.ck.I'hui t'Ac wronic*tat FKk-trch3 p"rtrit of &n i nuL!'a3Py p~rroeptivef, tMd

swiftly, I vitin4g op.3xxi~rt.. biut W" It tfiue to) "rc' Winat 5hould have izrnawdiaaIy&^Arl~~ the attention and 6ia~le~md the imag~inationi- of all w ere wcr~tamtL~rx lin!Xthomliig tbt ucu !WreA. desigu of the eja.MaY wasn t-hat an Army, dixaowe%.d mainly

BEST AVAILABLE COPY fTMR

picmx the Mp, gre.&nd in a qynu!rtrvaide w).etv Ohr rl-djeq Aliv gvqt mMI~ntott or i'uAwve,it aztc(ýaardy Rr-t'ad ovor a witio. im7J tierp AmnF. It irt thtrefere t41pi-i as a wh~a.sloI(w to ameetitbfr, #tjvd Inea~bc nf .wift reac'tiw;. and Irim.t "tt misul,. 1-to.h Artiro~dOf PVCr. Pit o th~is LrmeriM..ry m~iossit, the study ni Ums iPvrW & v" 't Wp~n thp IVnAWbJ.Chnts alert nnd t"e unwt of st-t..w4 lwot itIl Imift&t,

Aa tho dutA C'Uh~,"i. dMnj~q tlu' JUNb.tirv columq.3.hy critiqtilei Im-gAn to prirvidethe 14* (in %wh!*,j qto p.tu'jý arau e'Idt11t tYle w1 writtloun de,.ipa o! thmc 4-rirty, lt O'oflkLbactin appim-at thnt VA'~ fawu. Of the bu~tofrtid ro~t hut)' (1iot-rup.)t wiLb butni,.-ly e iJntraiiitti4ry oi lilt uii-hiu.j anmumptiuinu -, Ott-* aini~i #P'eulveaes'

Tfhit14-01% irplotitry wI; nt&w w lau p irviewtwd. Tlwir Iwloa'½ .iprkwr*ict weredrkwrhfu, -. -uv~iuig wittauftm-!ý; thl.v cosid it rewtoii'tlyt'3 eomiatI4, ptory oft wh~at had

bnprivwud 14 iv l ell It a'11jtJly, u:,d tio !#.' f.;rj-c- ljoi it vhtiok 11.1~ jhiw~ 401 11b. enrny.JC'1.d irt the Vi vvev 2 whicid find hem~ in .'irm-re wv.id had pu-:twd swction diuring

MT(~~ altt.':k upfri n ou rt illt'ry prxition.'A114-1 I!'. whuY wt.- rta!! fategd. it Opto*e6 that ou~t of 12 ioftlE'hwd actions

(them dtNihv pxrinictc,¶ wi-i*e*fit) f. l'fttI tpnl b:Lt rda't ecioair;y actWio partocik of theflktufl' of itli i&"ili~ti-d fjight) thervn wsert unly fti~u in. wifct 4(+ wott~vt"O iii such r, -,,y, rnd.lIxoi'ts wl~taJi5uIl in ouch a flu.-uter, ae t.o indilacitho-~ut it knesw 1whorctiwiw.'e 0110t OW. W-t~rwan thet mid wrnm emt to bi~uiket It, Ics, the. ritow it thu Otwo euxjpt~iofn, theO CvanlAfliChuad unduu the error (altguitvt (.fdrem) oflIightirkir ,.cjund V11r~ durin iaunm terwaa nothing! t vpe~ent the encziy from t-u -ei~ tho ..ei(tio inl OUi rit, dur-injx hip. A'ppw&.h.

Ili the other txorropivi.,EW, oripp-inenwut oeMiov d in auch WAY AX to Irave tin main~~ ~ for doubt Ohatth 11wIoaI oozittwt wits by accideist and nott design. Thew enemy was~ I groping. 1herre warn abwumiant lortmof of thn-t fNet. Ito overal inoitam'cu, the full-len~th

** fight by t he company war the m~io wunc orf an nu i %4vtakang the :' 'ndly flank takinga Partlaitoah'. n it vt he tftiI-ell.-J ri 14n enemIy #f'111;.111 which Itad Mitrendy piwn put,In, other hintutantivn, the trormy force waxn otill gnoviiig inl tclumn when it III ujidehid intothe. du'1'adifi (oxholp !Nrt,!. In etinn, %~hen riviunti'ud suv~ri udnly. tb.t. whole boattle

-~ ' jdtogig Oto 06h line f'mArupk of One, natato. rcf it 4&mantvhvW'ting( epagrme-nt.~ ~4W-U it within re-ason to fteditvp thai A for"' thg.n badly InPOvm' A~bOUL th, mewv-

me-rtsl of the' tiumitd riiinlemt rOrti,wat elope~pt to It wo uld have az:t prrriw. knowledgeof the hwatinr-! "f Use mqar suuprxrt whiteb wam forther (lixtwilt itiod Itid' iWervh~uin-ly d.'nwdgrmlwhat Inter on the' pround wherr it wans otteked'd It fid not z OPMee

* the lo~en1 do'te-ntinve at tionsa. Pourhauiu, the troot Itust rurtive. urt-:&det Is the vnemy att&Ac* utxIrj the pootifint (if the 111.t FA Biot'.almn w the ewar~h ti khulang-douug Ion the east

ijmnlu4 the (ChionIA'.Ihn andi juxt *tt~''. ii Ow ridj&t *.411d 'Thinamthim list") at apfwozi.4 ~~~Iflatoly IMl9u l.t~t'a .ajs 2Ai Nwa%'emnbpr. l'kte Wht4 I ;uIA wu and otther Pul4J'otli4g

Units had diuuplned northward from, hujang-dones t htJ(Its OW txCsit OIC duringth Uerit~gof! V'- %'e,.animr in i-iAkr to give lxtu.r pouppror. too 2i1it Infan~riv kawavivvent, whcirb wasi ~~to "as thriou~lu t1e 9th Iteue.nowrt, and attmAk ron ZtI hcovearnhr. That, gunls, m'riouslyeurwnpm'd for spu.,s, thd rnot Ip-t in firling lnsitlonl until aboudt uieId-aftfmMIim. It ii W~u! robord that Oley regsltered firi ans doe fth Ifoatry fOat.

L so boma its-*r j ~ A

The 23rd :rtfantry, kw its~ 2nos art, av listtahons. d d on thiq saw ground

xlu; 16WU I0) idJ wrt tip a rnuditted 3~twitneterdPT m-*Z ~ah, cN "Mc~uE A 6- * -- ;- . ~ -~ .:lo

'ueiiig iii a support poaition, but ti'c Iizdunt~ry tmik over a line of !uxholrs dug there

hrrW" .tm, q ra'iniwiv brirf intervitl ivtwecn t ho "ttinig up oi~i F the artilkrryand t~he pr 3J&Ytmik, i:f th miir tryrrr cniup Ii.-eE iLr~.

TIo Pgotin xhc~w the clhrtwf4('SO' ff elventsa;Akt 10M) 11bke' ('ompany, %nt Wa h'r~e ngare to !tý. north~ward.At 14310 the oi4t 1Iattalln wt up in Its crzumxpwd firt~ position.At 10MJ thr A-Zrd 1i~ftud.ry mrzdr camp next the filst.At jgK1) thr (J- rtira w,,! hr:ýujtlst u:uWr intcrsc rifii. And autoai tr orn

tNe fatr bank of thr. Chongthon.Within 130 to 40 ininutatro th gun positions had been overrun and 1he rurviving

artiuleryinxi, liaud thkez aft' to the rear.The oemuy rb~ault fon-r hrid wwked the river;- t's-e t.-wi.. bArV-krgj~d for Cthe moot

purt, thouvhi the weathef was near w-ro, had carried their too'tpar azdtr3vuiImIn. threIr fh;&r-~

With;in the nt.it h-nur r-nd cnm-1u3f, the CCF whieb hwd ovtrrun the carti~llcry, aswell fto th-1 Uhw~ nnf 06 ri;6i rf _ - _Amfl.

had been killed or &tepe m4 in total by the action of two of t1ke bAttalina"

flow had it happened?

NXT TO RtOM

By the actcount of our own hnfnntry, theý r-rater number of enerny soldiers who

charges~ of varying types rxpk'rI'y to dr-i-troy 'he' rrtjllery pier~s.Xhi thry founrdthmipwive.4 in the L-Jan!"ý?r cr-mp, and. werr in. Nirrt connterrttt-ckekd by itifantry, theybecimlt- co'MpiCVl n0im0utwd and uffered ato effective rf'itanue.

Thv ('('F had crowsd thc, Chorngehon jin Piv eoiur.vizA, total inlt'ý&&Iv committed-as-onat hoi. ft 6W9#!4 0'wn'..... ........ CICM h F Hrptr~unct. Sevr.'rr score-priwners were tawpn. Theyaidty dbentl "to dr'uitroy artillery" at the

objetiv, bt h4it epo 14)t find infatntry. No -t .njiitry mipaiin hadlw-nwirA~ii-thrin koward which to turn lifte" ~r. JT:1 dwt xrti~lvry. 1kelmu'-i tlwy had notexpe-cut& t, crrgxpgr infantry (thty vLid) Unv a1.out lwnr of thern ha~d L-arricz atnai!anim~ in the idttiv-enr-. Th- imacrrcztimlran ni~whrpret- thdm1 i~hr- pr~iwrnem or 9jonwho rient, thum fo-th tind act1 orn the bW;ln of pwostive inet. i eem th~t kiner"CA" Kilns

were setting up ivertr lhnzit ht. ý'Ye in retmxpr-et this ettn he seen we the dec-civequestion. The Liglth Army front waA pa yet unapp.vtmod tfint jiie Mtneral situstuor hadradically chagerd. ir tUhe seen'tegly locai adveere stipin4k thr artillkry was i4. fortpart of a "set piz' t ibM fiAr a vital difftcrrm-e -i Lthe mzf-ni:;g of situation.

Howtever, trn -lys PItpp Lhc ba$ tle, on tlie heusi* ofr aurfare iul'orniaxion and thetook of the action Jtmcrb, o~ur staff and eou~nand still hcld to the following analygis of.

REISTEICTS0

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why Wings had hap~terwt an thesy did at Chinamnae n!F.t: t 1) C~Cr"u oupetior obitervall

t( 'oziflac wit Wh~ ',;;4, r-wv~hi Iil ie Ie y hr4. -'th;dbn Oi witie l in a

It isperhtps pi4 ltid W. 0hi .imwh. ("I ro vwwp u ~i atakothAgo &Itl~x ONIGNM I"U Fi.: %I i" h 6 giveo. mita Fur had i-~ i:f'nceu- d a o - cal

L - edicioll wi th" ' tIh( Cenlyire ljctd efhttingi (Ap~intf PAs iiii- rri1() hax tl, nW.- oi

wm t !w ise tile arrqival of toin'a.try d w jut(Jf aht lucky jlirJrhL- fo~r lheV defendero.tin cxdd. li te. atill rfily vefth-oip*.~ reiort. ill Plntilio rl. were, it4 iiltg feighpat

dof 1' 111Cu ri J inovrnrtI tilt hs ltvzi, ia irivrdk wit~a t~ivr m artiv ia !w th le rvrittionj jlth On", mai Wuitl w lrsi ~a* pr o ite ao n t he 1tr i"ii tit it " Ii t br heir n fLr tCl e attt agim

titlt, in(tallert pIi at~il~ Itiiiicidvl )n a t he1 ifilft IgU i ith t hat I tI K1-1C.XiO l of tb.. i j l li nt s r*

WAinfatryt it Jth'gin~til. I mupthe l di-i at, ptsil ieilnly hud west alumd eato he ('hsungcinou

Rive, terehadboca flturxe a~ lWeal ft'wsnrd p.,un of RA1 Pie ernklini!y nIll tile at tles

Ituing themp ikimy, at thit, hi widwme-wplatnrekwd vietw aofg til, T atrint of n the

dgo-einl positi 44~ the Cnly ai reneady Own'epi' exrttildtia.hei. s O 4g irr nt. onc.~ti ouNIL llter the 441urnv U!I"I'it ~ wlyt 6!t iidf list. fizAr iuid~i wv~ atofM thoul nomyt

be etxclfudk-1v- wlhed tforwrd-n for wan abeh d 1- tind, it',t position. andn padwkdb hsot

oa eat rout' movenandah tlwt whapiiw toriarea, ~jitt wrvl !toAic

Onie miyfj, iwa totin pof I-Kht,4 at ('draqj,1iht, l thup UWirt~ioIJJ', jaT wlvtiwr th against7 ~~thl oe c wI uua'st- cO mmitio ilcdte t. u titf.rmn outy with tilt i nittad ad , oeure i~~tit( ysi .1, aaaault

bytlterzustAiu , Thit',n It. - (,fe (thri! tgiis the o forit r itim Ett)Uaa COium d 1)3 te twen anF 39t dsecptio ruar fRogite Inarer coartetdatl' '1CFii lyin cowest an geeral o Littlefal Csongeb

* abort. o -r hady Nwi fel t~~.a .not r N iji t. f rwpar imm ui frihas t lttw elhirl unti thati tgint

wrw&&r Di.LlaonK thei~a trg h .0 attCK n li rlting by POSIijww who tvfwtordII1 to a Coeld fidugvi pocw6tieu cmk ul ofiec thei thei cres wodAertdbuld tohoin rmbM.1u1s1 vei tbu theirno

It i relawtl'&,y flteihhh enyifnt Um:aruv 1atAc whicfreh warariead-o t1nfoo"ngand wen riewofte lackl Iota.y oterfataa t a Lb reari of heIfmntry linre. tIL

f U-~tpsTist~ert-ur,totOu iri trdmnno1atn(usluinwebrteitl

I"~~~~~~~~~~ fo.e wwir copiidi-riitniywt i iloyw, rl tne-frs

wia rho Aterr-alve for the .upponing artillery - It ha-i to t~xt Pmritko tvs theRiver wid Chir,-mxna,4 Hat.

mpactsaS acfldfratd cppawieft, was arrsI 5 snouh to "sLoie thAi.

I'ronn thf dvorriptinnin n1 thrp ~r-mbtI rr.p.Sriretem of thr txi!asntry cmrnrmr! thertwere driswn tihem othier romrwin dnrnina,'.rx me (%CT i-an the, 1 ~tLUk. 611high~y rusifi ihc- v. relisted i,nr to *.1w otlwr: (1) s-Impo~rt in'arl~xlviy ppJroritchedAt air. abagral to the ui~,u~ir;Ansrrimzn rwrTmwt*rsP38 when nr- In oYtneycislotduring whe Ppprojach. the irsiue wr W foIt i-awii slrrein beip. nr roailo or atins 1-r~ralliel

to t~ii; V t-y made the aprprr-%r~h in arilid colurauts; fi' e1~c Auruitn, tcuhiinstunwes proeweding At doul-le tiM. alsivarwd Nijz:y Iftmih. (!ý, r"d Iwax a aelf-outcewntunit, enrrying it~a own aurprly; (tj) %%hrn in ~theial r~r,~.they 'WithfrI'u~ Via thelow grinwnl; and (7) abuix thei wholo, frnnt, thiiir several Cr.nrral oilen~ivo 'vioet~eltsoil oeurrwed %ithin a relatively lirritrd tiinm braket.

In tbc' (XCF attteit gono Y:,f Army "trid. the Clsonitchors, the eniemy&appeed to bo ntovirg' getwrally o an a# xi* rutuiiz~g frovrr NW tt, F11' In the local

And the ai'cidental mazjrwr in whirls initisil eupa~rivitnt *omowetnw took p!xce. thoughthem~ devintionit were resatively frw in number. On the *&&r ritht of t1* sector, after(lie eollipswpi of I I lttK (%.,rpoi, atw~k alvainat the XSth Iniipntry *., i prew'ad frvrn thtNortht, Northeast, and Eart. Pul Wheji the main battle epeneo. the line of Mrchnwap ax stated.

Rleferring, 6 the rmap (map sheet. Tokehon 64.TLM.IV) t will be weni that tht Chong..clhon Rwcvr trenc~h euts thrmughl tbi' arrea ruzming fr.-n Northo-ast to Southwrst &Hl thewftV to the Yjil.nw 6es. in the' conr inodiaitoly tr t:~r North of Itjjan~.&-n~g-2nd rnivsn Art y base - the (7honr~tor'ion' feederi va.1kv, to tŽ,a wwt ward~ run fN'u~threat.toward tl'e river. Ho, along the enm.t blank, d~w Iecder va:h" and strvuam run ?Korth-.wept to their contluent, with~ the main iii.r

'flw'i if ally enemy coneentraiotn, built tip &kid hW4&c away in the feeder' valleyW~t f,! tf pý'- ar- t,- thre u w~ f th--e Eichth A rmy'% north" rd-facin r frnutow, cm 25 Novrmtbcr, waa ta prnx-tvd viit the' line of water &- toward the C~hc"ii-hcnand, on cromirK thr river, wa~' to eozitinee its' advanev saka.g Up.e avernue mirist favorablefor quick Movemenrft by toot. It. wouldJ mxveed 0& rvva on at *-uthenat-runiiing axis. and1W) dinlg Wo'uld f'vie in agaiinst ln1.nIL ithe lsdruvtyrýi awltrtillosj pcattkiikz of 7nd IaafltryL)!Yiiofl iWlftimiiy at at Niorthwest to Footsurapt d.q.

(-r- hP;! inourited lims attark awl then prrww'eded ui e"eemtp it. As to the optiningblow which erus!wd the (runt. or 2u~d Dihrixion prior to the turing~ moverrnent ap~int!!X !%~ bnI ~ Fr hfl +Werrip=t c" That the atL.~ek MM'-r.:1 tJ 2th Iivactfront ti"Ttl -4 on the "xw cian at the a~zhe botui, -," prmsrd from týze rr '~&mection 1A olle More- Item in eorroborsticj. lnk is Mdaosat dtw wtat of i'%ujang41do.41*r Um Kuryotog-spum - a main t-.-hujary of the 7Utge.t~ h CCY, frnsý 1i.Wr

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h"tq followiflic chitrt 15 d~itirtannialic rather than mm~raotsital and Its. punpou.S Iis enly to rvie & ro'aili ind4,ontior of the nukruirr~ lfl whp_'h Lec CCk ofirnuive in gm:o,

i / LighsLh ArmyW'6 front in vacnma'u 001ici.ityVL aptct. It. wm &61. Ike(;n i ;i Nuvrinber

d~~URI 1 imtrthMttilt' W1SEtL 1wandLryA , 11%rth

4 *u~n~4ng th'., t4g'u, U11yIC4 1t&ilit llc,~l-fi'tso (:hminit

/ ~A'lfl~mp1uy, at~ tbe (umriroiai of- 2.,,h

did not. iake C~( aul Jun t 1wiciefre-~dgrk, uwiv finally the' ('r~net i~cid had

to liw. i)Tr-krn ty aft it~il-jwE tiI -yj

xhi-Ifisig r-gaist. the cwrrrry'j4 dogUJ inl poal-tiong. Ag-.Ji, Like attt$CIU of the mobileit'hitting formas of the enemy broke aguinsr-t 25th Divisiu'cin't,frn at l8(*) hosUrr on that

sante day, just aim it did again-it 2nd 1)ivirion.Fn'ron thaeme data mid peneral indications, arrived Pt excluxively from the 'Itudy

oiil'alltry, conzapzny t Ihi fodatowiri~r teniitativr do(ductntruiI' Y--% maade andfrrdd for Litt- con~ea~z o I uasa.UW CsA

4

(I) ~ _jodu ar nttlc xtriw*irth w~its no't tw-ing d mpoew-d Wo Lim~ high ground but~- *' was aorisri-.d (if L Mnaneuver rrimw, which, besvsg IUroigfou rwa bY li~gft l1ong the

main road,, wanui,t te oprinqpriarp4,11m awdIyti'fnL uue.dt s U'Valeyr tiff-the M6i'i and ttirenil. in reotinvila Feat toufit Mcls- Or advailec- u Us ~e Mbbi1~f riveir vahey.o

ditib)untto ~w"'o ~ hsrl ursc rs tftil Kii bihaw "inwd to lieW* am E'ly acinetriatvl'~l ati trisil (tor prtmp twve.n

(3 'I'Civ ta.0csnoti bert. iahvlydb te.uar wn thaot bII wice mtberf hithn e eyotian

*Under Mver romughaai.. drsykghtl urnag 1I.* ltagiiia pwnud.

IM) n Mhaws SWN A;@*, *to.. ovam lkely to lie eamployed to n sM'm. msari.

afsiv Named"

Ar- Z41We

.111M ____

(7) CCF tmr~nyod r ~'e' drfrfn.. rut forth in -nixtiecn! t rtleal rsllftt~konihte' Lhill mPXA'UV~r ITRMS WMIa~L~ on the higIh grour~d on both .itdCI of the mainriver valley - or othier 4prpro-tteh avenue.

() ny muddf ii hitrile~niilt .4f (TF retAA., askrg ot-w definiteln atoam zitn~ that the titthjcker wam in them draigcr hour rznd area: ttridpvr threat from

con !~in~drikwn tip o~f hift flaniks(91j The W!Ncr' wR~~0 %j;i iii cKe-o ly~t h F. t ri~ggr ?ný111lfhJf(1 A1 d('IlYin

foroe, providiniz thw inuin hi body with the* zrtrvait ime.ded to ineiunt u~p zind ge~t fuirward.(10) No w~rmrait W"s to .)- foInul for Any ,mumiunptior' tvhzi ("CF caunikr-hitiifi

mobility derived (rmi garrmsots whichi hsd twen diapti.t.d mlong the ridge~ topi' prior taweoiumy for ath,-tak,

(I I) Thf, etitdv of timeri' I:rm-aln appeitscd to exclzd'. any r.,"ch pns~tibiity.(121) Ttic nmin bodyv of the enerny rtrwiy -;, thii'ref ore Io iw rknught on llow Kround,

rather thain (n workn ricsxttere(it runiorif the hilltlln~ joid rhig. eresti, though rem defeatW t r,-dutr ff.T ol'Wa~ivc~ mrbihtiy and confide=e. , 0-w rwndulun. wol;dd piwing

gradudily. in the other dir~trtln.(13) Thim outlnrk am -W thr r-robuble genpr'rild (hi 1t o nti -.) f the enecmy P~1-t'

thi, patw*rin whic' Fshould hI' taken by our air operations..,,4,j ne. rmi.ed for wider- rqngirm paltrol U~inl twarny lafnl:Zwa-p PIirily

(15.1) Nvg'itive fa.r reportA concerning ('CF rorrentr 31,On- in v~li'Pgc tCB h(N, trf if-e 1', n!rftble rese~rve, and mhould be aceeptied ro conclti~ive only when

eonfiried by tartical proof.Doe argument For thin~ "ease." wam first, rmm-eted orvily trid won Men reduced

to) wWijtaii~ Dr, EI1~Jonwon. I'Pire'tor of 0R),.. sulNweoLenf.ky, the emtudv of operatioiiaby #rw 11.t Mz'trine JDcvimion igcuinto CT vin the virinity of the '.>nn-en llte-wervoir subr-

afwr thf-ri waxe amrplrfopxrtuneiwv tt)oh er. the r-lftfi(r.Fkhip of the innnwuver gr-mipe%hif~h 110okd-ul) in the 111-tirlby villfROAg 14) the de~~ve w~r~rr dtug in along the highgrovvid. NR itgt'nls (friendly to u~w) c-.mcr forwstrd nnd ?'~pCrled tsint CCF troop:, wereWedged rIWO the village 111ts like fir in * Ien t~,terr rofn~4Tn hr~bn

tlooli4 rer0()fid "ejiv' irdluir hombitiR OO-Aper1tior wfert' orilem~d mgowinoit the

i1u-.c. 1w. tel'rR~ thi" truth jhot.~t6 ptiiCetmatt'on. Vh'Writ- Ow lyinbOUn 1wgici to (lrup, the?villngprit o'pertd tip like flowrr p~ot'sp!!n enermv trroop in all dirtrtionn, ('","mbolon %'rjtj coe~jr tfa. Jo 1)e 1?ou Khee ()on bI) rvl-d sur'iigrry !crrerzrltoew chxrxttird h-uit-reiits 4®ri --hre pIw lj~wo utwd in th'e itrike h~d wit~hdrawv.frfom the %,iz'inity

initICW(f Lix rr-emernR 1.-r-d orly thoi thems, p?"poWitfon3, s"Pter'atninin totL- larrer i]pein of the ettemy in ground oixernt eonx, wrev lomsilrd ecluxively on thehap". (of infcorrgettiini ct"1,e.ted wnd rr~onriced Wt llh" lrvI or the 17-4;uitry rii.plxtx-cor-.

Furt.}wmirrnrr, thry e-vtived ondy a'q . nft~iterthouzht nnd Pum f!e' minor by-product.of a .wsrth which was txtintoed directly at the annzdvim of etwmy wid friemndly eff~ectain Ow. ciraet-firrcxen k-4mefnt alnng the rifle litne. 'What was leairned fnrvj our c-zwl

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waý, in the iafhtum'W of tho erise. I~n. perftdly trlg vnpe itý Lh ---. 'I-i' nomMSRKiI'd Ut!1 (F 1(I' 1'O14. Thr;-in wto. no j1'rvonnis ayial o tho work itind, futvher-mrore, Othie IMO-V Of th,! oh~ect hand lnot bee~n tidequaielly fom4,n. env inyip' fltfToU1

tioflft weri,~ w~ inw ý!,jAt the serving of tiji~st opec~ific enid, mind smir Perhalas fr!¶lk, bour(W~nt I ormai~ton on our !tj ýý cia rle, tr- 90K unit* whitch had btrn boaten scluth

of okr~,~a)w'rr moi teJploird,'flu rxpoMot the J 1 mJt 1" : rr rore mi(Irider i nc'o ii, ,eI taýnd unst, till!af ctwo .j.

Thih0'1 C-Imipmny dfttit n .!I porm)!. in miri dir'retinn, in so for rmne the' nature of the, (flflybUdidUr. i-I creurimd, tlhr(y nr not co~nrlm'~vr, mid Pi.my 4l"n Mrinnin titinswered.

TACTCAL VNI??

Tim ec-mnary iraterviewwt Oliui- rwevvthd it chronic i- krikerA in -major uecuritynwmaePuN'm by rmitfi l:ighthi Arm~y 'vfn~nt.ry forfeea. 'Thcre %, m~ eonmA,tvnt. nid vigotrouPnttr',ii~hg, c'tlr to the front,* or literully by.. the fruytthne Ibfo'rdiiomi, faTh!er wftiq norefti luae of tjiworthfy or the nwi~tau. vh~t tile .ropikeaIrd " potA'Weri notinfrequently 1Xmi~tiflnwd only 15 or 20 feeot fowA~rd ofl the ta1im" flo(11ole fine. On the

0w.i~ P1( oinlt inA"Ve'd 1;1 much 0eine jurimame t-o the kiid ri platoon u.- to provit!1-no additin-ul rinm&n d! m~fety to the m~nItr body.

Tf-wF- obvwoumw ti iirttcfliniv we~re rtwiled to- the Mtcntion cof eominrinm in thefl)tA'Jn eonnpded -,it~Žn tht, Tlwatt-r. Ititt iw A~vt pointed out mu A-n inlietent weaknenin our deflens~ie t~vt ce tlm~ft bmttaI oru were. not heirig muuieuverrd as imch, Paid thatthe 5i)Rhef hwt we!) roni uJ1-4 (otf tpn n~ void with nonviuldh' trranunitztions) was fre-quently muoch thwitt the Corli qminmc-ovuld not rxu,1? rrt in support each of theother, which mouvit only Ithu~t the eP*;arrttt unitm were ~ukirng to be destroyed one at atinia.

One bzattuli'n-, foidY bed on a ridgreline, with all of 4tA wcerponn prepared to11.aht fcr the scrounda, might well hold cut against. fn erw-yl rdiv;1r'n for t.!ree- d~t'.y! orm-) re AWwt maynt forme, divided into ceommm~fy unmtj ewid b) pomt'.tom-cd cli mpnrit hillstimn! the cenwm~ couhd not. Im, deniied etniry into the l-ow gertund in tW!rfwrea, zou!d hardlyN! Pxpwct.'d' toP Purvive oMW rPight.

The whole moum, of tim Koreimn Wa~r Imm mrphtniir"1 the dt'rlive lmpra'of tnmetienal mniiv ti~nd f.,,tl rommuniesitimir, witicit to-Kit-her emmixtor the sine quo mmsir frt-fedon or ox~tioi. Il~it mm wit-h o~ther inrmicm~ in other tino'x, Fhihth Anny Could onlyznwaM,,r thte ienwinouwmt of it, own hxrd. rexirimme.

Thwcoh' nat~ure of the nuini que~t~nn - how I vA deploy oMpIonentb~dptwiken tiver-extrylion i 0- 1eo(mninnizit eoflhisuofl in the gt-nera situation

- prhitps otlihm f or er eaRPTW.4t r(-vww 1,y ;01! romrr(ien~ 'hin Fkny aw~tl muiater to bepg ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ X--UV Tjv~w~~;:t ~~~~~. hi rldeo b~" itX rzlkaitiM, 0021-

Ceeri All Ivve4-1, P-11 %c'htx)lIm. Mimd nil axtnU4. Th-m.t Iniy of thn.w' who rornmanidmi muems-nfu~ly in 1-womm fnp P6.111 in doubt. xhou'. fhw,al x"%weNa, mnld ruot 1,ea Po "s to' wbf'th#r thevw~~ is Neang e'nldutet in a wholly practical light, ip suggistcel by tb. followinigstxttvinmilta.

Thus fnrum; im r nirental oommnander: "I wa-n pux~iRM tWroujii cvery Koream Actionin vwh;(4s I1 Ark'ipftwi. Thle qucistion v"~ whether it wasn ibtter to diefetid so assipid

99MI 1bM.BEST AVAILABLE COPY ,

apeto recirncnt Ur a* Y r-paiini~t'btv tlon kijr;W LhAt ntii~r rc'mentMt

~ rmvribcd ittt.h-Cir~ hikttalionn wot~i defenid in MaUi-InW sniymmaP. nt tlion

jwrimnt14i", thiko, oA~vltig tvi~i- v.p mc'rc'b' the frontL of the T'g ximpitni Our I G~ pVht1iv

on? thr. ot~hur hiL:d. wja, n wslvg x ti c in uirom fltvik U, fituik.. which.ftq'llIr,~I?

Po~iticirzflx of slx rfle~ ouzyipW.nia' of twiu hotttld.Ž4Aie L1Z Ol bakM3 UL Le(ngIht up Wiim

Ithe re~wrv! battali11on. by thisu rnen? we wt'rv. toi~ Alvp RUJ oght. inhifilrt'tio hy thr

areai or lib~r;4 vtý 5U V u~rtL!-1i9i rs.01ikry bfitsutlfjm. I %o tldb vur;' to t

defet-d a mirimetitu u.retr ti meamt of istria1l hi~t~tahm rxrimete~rm I don't W~ "~k

iny guippr~knt g artdhi 'A tl.ht ' infntry iwy m;:,rp thnn im itt,pouItA'ly %la~y iid

th-ft hkntlalinri tu~rinifeter niAý Wij) relcult in1 tdit type of arittof. Of c{'umsý tPwre s~r

di Ard vpmtftit'o to t~hi.nnfizip, y-,-,,ur line to the' e'xtr',tA th"4 you Itinve. to plilniOrte 0-a-' limttu$ii()

pln',vOfl .0 C1To:10!~Y driv•r-r frn;tm z hil 'twill vu iwrXmitio~n i t. roU)it4'r

natteko promnitll;. On nu.-rt..rvuNotn rmn,:an, it e-4trmd to me' that. the' Norilh l(orciunm

and (Jinmm, ftth~t to fo1lo-p up anzy !~inil~ otd-v-'11tý, w hich t h'y g~i!invd locll,,i,1 i

the~ir salwnens or lack of depth iii their et~tatjk perviii~t&d us tAj rg!dti) dile iziit~iativ' .1"mn

Anrd tINP! from % 144ttabon Comtmptn4-er: "'11w ^,-erripj, ftorlitngw miii n

1rn(tu~try b.ttalikn in Korr-a ww'm 6etmecr 40(YJl inne. yardpt-. After Ntivenibw'T, we

JNigrdfed tthid tit normal1. It took a !ong tirn.: to deridv o odfn itfotne

vvwkthr to. aev!,! fr--' I- Ow Psnkr of rfeMerve", r try to phiv it. tigIt. I ti1fil don't.

have .a ood idva ho ýf Wrn.1d (',( it todiy; therc .- r-fa vislt c'~k ither way. 'W1en I

tatlk to aziyonre about Ithis p'r'iblvm, I p'et the stock~ vi~nwer, '010 TIhaut mwas Jor'paI'

P~ut 1. can",Z Fxc' Olin in f (turv the mria ArtvWilIn(-Pu)I -rmv!x

of TflLr.-wC' thmt.should wn.reomet, we will h tfi--'tn wq the F!lis cull 'fnnrWjf foitite

Ine Army aoiirxer ttudmv 60: rlt-A htivt in for~mt knrovit-ipt abr-ut. hb-w tto d~crnd onl

xn extopmdrd (ront, hI o ne v ,ý;r oc-f sc h o1 is t It:t-1,in. gr, I 'D4 '. -47, ther Adveziee .kt' haidone #rty'sitt-,,'our 11"Xiblem or exupnde ' ron.14-i.. AtIkve -orih iodny, miost ,f thle

pmtbleyf'!fl tr liwwd on tb.- ideal of FNM norn-r. !T'ontalge. Imn't it rl'IL4JnsIl)e tlo bit'.eve

that for uft the nerin of thv fulture iR tbe' etveurd froWt both in attatrk mnd or. defenwc,

and tbitt thlw propmititon slsuid wei-1-t the tea!h~r,, of "'ormtt ill ouri wryTiep irhools?"

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SSGIGNTAL AND WEAPON

* TACTICAL, V" Or SOXI=

Tb. fitl1d nintes 3subl: henI in the Tsheate. dwell briefly upon CCF' Lime of nolas.* gnvifkem to ere-Me terror "nd thi! U" of various Wind ineLrumfe~ztR for vvifl combat

Tht 11roblem of rvdueing theme ti'chniwejae to a p-v-torn which would becovioeopvhzu,~,eto our troop1m it.prt-.s~dtu~wi~ w fpiw ~prm irn,~

dikl afkr tht rtudy of the No-vemhtir baitie Wim utidtert..kn, Conutand and s"Taf ath4 Vt'.(U IPWIrnleeN Wee 110t &A yet. VolIE'r-id aboiut the w'utenew.~ of thisi newd And had

oonibart-wnrthy.. It uxoi "n serfIl the~ aznerd Lcuk c'J any~ group or indifidasaL ofr4ngwih igthAryto volt ed andc emyW,!te bolflirteld kfanore14vs uripon~iiing in~ our MRn

mor jvrfwl know14'4-m tf his proctdurve wr would tas -;e Pirpt owrd j)th n'tjj71 TiA I ittenv't In~ not. nin~e in miy sivi~rit. oft aology but to the eon trary In fratnk ly criticalthe w~riter l*11 ,.i ild. tho enn~i;iin tefl", an~( Aliflhernt wetftia 1fit' th's .stof 9ytrmof the. US Army. We urve In fart overlookiag a ukiti awcnue toward tho perfwtlng ofour aciJibrit intelfixencr4.

11en thulouent, "Notex on lnf!Lntry Tactie. In Xfwr~a," drAlF, bivtly with thematter of how the toxw' uw1 noim-makp'. inittrurrr.c, Iptiu An' canl forieas and

* .~~.. aupldser;t 5011 defas1 an thr JDC )I i~i ~thp ',&strlu~wlt0, lin tbC 14flindinot of sirnaSR or, theS

A batth e tld. It ir set forth that the enemy'b floiM efluela *etr dit'~cted talvrd (1) theemt.Mn of a~ sncf~lCA tenrul, ()tho uslvwslatng of a more exleudv4 deploywsnto l'mm%

Ibe On 9,4-7 (S5U5AKQ, op. ot

E@STRIC*A 0~O4-1 S

In fact oeeurmid, and (3) the corntroli of hi. own foru** Exatmple 04 ,lft."Im flnft- t.h'mtIwEU1Iik were jncludof., in the! mpor-t.

I he rreport. orrtted, howvtwer, any 4-wcription of tbe irftot ors our trnop.w "Ynw-clutot W th~f-se iouY1te" rrwthoiI, and it did not. tperiy how the d,*Lo Olt CCI' Roiow

In. the November battle, Lho reaction of the average Arneric."a earr.pkny to theChm U"V iiAE olT1 this iJtf--1)i~('nnre Wwx~Af* one (4 tirý22L r 4tn 4,1 1fron.

(O, t hut, tht.~rc ttjij 14- ito jl: ir tmgopa wu'v nut.'~~ -ý 01c, t;c, ~toPof hefirizii uuill ~iwaruunwii its 6ugles, ahtphcrda' hurrns, t.fiewn, (Con$ uru.'nt, IUL -fittlkaon th,% hold of batth,. Whien thery werv ernployt-d mitinall in 14.1.x nright lattk, theafir't wMA greatly u~ntrving, uminly bcerausc of the attandu~t. cen-trnt ot mryattry.infantry cororjpcnien which tae. survived the attack, when lut-ýr asw=14Md, Atdmrittredthia' irunk~y. What the enemyv kid dowe wtu nno, offered ". an i for tl1tir OW11coofduct, None t~ich was needed. Moiit of thieot coinpmJI1IAt had lftv--d thr muiknowngtrorsgly kid evecti herolefi1Iy; If; in ivehevc-d t.hat the gerierm level of orrlpiuiy corndue,wil! compara favorabHly with %:z,41hj!nr in our XMuIud. BUt Wilen tey )KU-Ad tOw

featurcs of theC wwray attuck w jdch. cau,"~ themn the greatest Li~ulraas, the commonmuction to the enemy's aoi~oK-miki-Yg tricki r.. wa.a.' 4- J up th=ew~rd"U: '1111t WAM .s% mhVnple otir hair isand c:- '.nd." Thtws werve tbe epri-i-iona omien rtUydc!!Asve-md from battle-, thev w-emrvpokc-ija 6-h--~w. of otlter men ofthe. C'mp~ny. F,0i 1that. rvný'of, t~heyv xbouit,ý not. be itlicountc-d, tbocah Eighth Armyhas long niz'ee berome condititoned to CCUF mmcntrici ties.

At. 14ýto 91 prce-r:,A of thmwe £saxi-- men could ~mmember wnome of the pertinaentdeltepil of how u1111d whe,-, tat wbmt P~tage of emmbnt andl under what t~aticall -onditiona)CCV hud uA-re--J r-ny of thz nei-Wmntaking innarumeuui. The mitJonity could r'-port otv'y

th~ teyha .ar v~ou, ~- ;i~h uli awe nd whitlcis and that the eenuiciibadi imprt-'td atm-niy on their emnotiorte. L-em thpui I Percent coicld rernrmb-rr theroeque.rIlee of niotem in ",vy of the biigll z-alk~ or the- woind of the "n~xter cuall" blourit fromthe~ slac h,ýrd'p horn..

Such tp-ecifle data as were develnoped from *the numerous www=Inbxe can itlyfrom rqe-,cting the oornprimifa tW eoie,'trat-e on ahe por4 It, iNAne. I'hue bad tobedoiie rep-rttedly, from enmnparty to oottipany. Onermnonin thme renI.&-y rnv4 refmenbwrthxt a call -Tox tVarsd ttt A. pmrtcutar jxiznt in. the fight. Numnrr',tin tif thv othero would.ýocrifrr his meoZl-tlon. --~ -- h-nI ~~'mj~ ,~ - w~~ #.. *..~ ... t -..- "#the qnention beeing xmkfcd: 1'Exaxtly rwhat did you htear7" Many tinws th remmlt wouakhe pmwf'a1 1ve. lDut 11f orurch wsA~i entinurd. untiil fminily here ar-4 the' were fouitthe few ,n'dividualiw who t~hroughcrb ~ rtir ccild m'lnt'vh their iovrorir*san z!~ ther

whiule e~ ~!h- m~!". ( ti's-Stat w&- dtaire, the osibr"- mu Ow asmtenily would all rxeumm-ber it. an~d aKrme thud the witrucs. Wias atcurate. The ~oe waa thrn wtiittn dtw"..

In much the gaan- way, tbe dli;ýnctinn wwu; I inia'y madje betibmn tile Chincwmuae (if floiw- for the cerationf of trmrr i-nd the oondittons under whieb rso4o-ua~kinj:inatr~unent-% wt- ' bc"!ilk wu~iA for IT -.. -- xntmtl purpo.o.

Thecre remnaint-d the Lns. ~epp - die prueureuw'nt oi the Inx'tr i.'ozta tber-znftlves00 Qlat in tL.ntinug exreian.a k~i~hth Armiy fornst:t"on cok~d be condit.koc.d to theeruy

BEST AVAILABLE COPY u'h4w

xipaIst atrii termr-pr~veating taehn1diije ".~d lit til and might bi; able to tumr thcoc sau.

At tI-mv the rlO- ;.I~ttruti'!rq,, Weinwd s1imvwt prtIf$l.owoeie,

i. a. U.

ri.hwilg~t1 fo.rth CCi~ v 'ugif'.-, r ~ ilerdm ijt~j',r, r*i at' t. t~hr riiquired

IndpThtrinrmt!iiig 4,1z40iA j1ro's in.Wntrv CiIU~~F 1ýM-'~kiu~taeIvaeiw wrl" tsiegio.L.ill Ohe condtLe~i u.", liI'ht rain~i bi~k of t~he 14w, ~CF ý'kolv: A~nd

Wer UI' byth 14d pinyiyng "agigm.r~."o. By inid-Jiqitary, IWAh, tile sting h~d beeDremovcd from C~hia. part of the earmy Wcniqwý.

* howvver, ill vitw'of tile :ntrinrt'dt)t~~u i''t w~i,h nif*-rrirkingtuctim during the. Novernbcr bmi-tle, it Iil 1-v1. rdi ton~tJ~cd b uhkIv

%lationa lSIoU1'd N, anticipaited by our OWn trranirig ali~uitv] thatL Micditwirii

tvevina txo the emenrtric uw of noi, othould be SOP ir M. ~ ot lfo Potnh&L

Iat

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-I....fl*.vA n nh XX

COMMINUNICATION WI~THIke OUR "ALLJ.

OVAi ATrrITUDN W'WAND Awn

This abj owi~ noA lie satiolfIartrity, docrtncntild itis-t it~ In currilwo'd mninlyfroin rjus~dom riotAkR nim~v iii t caumv CorF ~1 xrown'iiiiy olnv-rvinr. tiic reietinns of ourirrflino-okitferm nikd, trfnnsý in ppevtritI heit~doigsarUeru and thirwKi vanrwus aitufttiaznn in wl.iJchtactiucl firvinciwm (,, tittresmirot of ivirne othe'r Wil~d lind arim-n lri our rdiataoltat winoj All11 t

forceit oil *jy'*t 10ý k!".. No,', wodJlit h1tvV 1,1101 we!U11(invitel oisd thlim art%~ of mserch6~111 1011111t-Cli' tO i~l1tA~l~i%'c Atduy throughout Xoreaua crx-maiiumw hiiji thr mwtifoldprublen:'u' tberv are of iiiiti~ti'r raturc, tbrugla differen,t in or'.qpe frnnt throwt V.hch Would

ar;-i~i.nnnntlwr Alluiwicc-*oixa4ltioni FI iurojv'. lteimwtIA'of th m~ix~ed!raa~~ M'iforr~es Iin Korea stidI thei vnlfrPy of tonrutA, there viv. an jtfr'd cpportuimiy ito o-bservo

tlni 8ttjtUdem! 11'.d rw'nr tiunlr (If our 14-tY~ at v'nrymig hvvi liI whrn tli. gidditimi.aa ccmple~t

ina sdded tco opcratiov:. For civiv I hing, ftherp in rio samjplied and P~oic.,11vic wolutiaol of chi

bupatgon bar~etair ifir~ltlelfy within the F.avhth Ariny. D)estpoti thc ftnrt Ovat th.'rfl are0"Im ~rnrwhurvn' vitilabl sniny bilirisvol lHoreann %lon voud It"ndle the littipon

tank with rvrlr!vi' effieenlt4y. Aix of the Nti4i-.1aJ winter tior Ietirurtpi?gt~ pt-tdl~rif hadl

not berto mitt ikfopoLCJily AOived. An infantry 1battndi',, t'u)-!.,nankr. ptin '&uito It nowsro4 whoq'r 11i joinamil flanks with ait I(Oh ri-glairnt, inoiu~ i9~ie qoa ý ij" rt n the dity

* ~that there were no f ifiuecrio lo the 110K vimtm;iitue, :nd thant Ithe4 KItrcaiboldierm In lailt awn miltt who liplike o~imf )j'a4o,14s~ii not kiw utW .uibi'em military uInsp

in either haflguasw( to w-rvi, fiim jurje"irp. Our averap- ownuif~i$tivi tiverpici Oil? laituldhi'.%ilholPt tWaelt. '1111 uxuAl as~d e1i .- ,.- q~Pd a if-p lOUiI 4 ihpoullit I-lihiit,L the co'unt ry.mide to taitd lollonyve wAhu', ('eIImil 0 the bill fur till, time lovijig. Tiiaouvib tisub diffii.ultyarton 44u440 frequen,'tly, ansmuuot !irver dhid our roinff -tiurt ~Oftionim,,o w-44l ri-m-ietiful rho~ut it.

Thew more nArioux 1"at of Arrwnteauu jdeuptui ~ility Lu eniromOMttICJt imu', btiwi'ytqt,fin t~hma rseepsailJss wit..v ro~~eiut hsoiic. foruro were lot down by ant AlL.e'd force next 4

335T~TIS4

thoir flanks. Fr'~quenily tho troul4.' was 'bt fl? any bni~r of PY~srttma prenireY it Secubiimlp"Wi-ible f Jim~ ""it$ ItJorrAti.-ai frven tbw otlo-r hr dntaVml "~ tc, whst t: -'two[

U n7'e w.-rr doing, P~tiCUlRT-l Al tty L--4 r ;4ýrie.J a Pwthmk in the# evurve o

wm ~ ~ ~ ~~~~t Mlrctn li eeurýri w ~srvi' th"*0n?.Wrtv, W3tciilLt !A L-a"Ma *a 'I- .1drP A "* to

invrraabiy dn I*a hmat thn.' epul.d to ahmvw up thW 1rm La " r~t ii. Oth amfti and MM'-

IVnpljlu fint Cm!A tsy)ý) thi- r- r~ in riv ,. k.. i-*!' ti") - 0

Sto !rt- c f ko-rinnj'. Ox~ rVal !--I-~ tk~r family, 1tzitsrid U! cring~~

an Um) PhouldcPra~f the Vu'h4k pft.Thr Amnericran "didM r, when t.riiada'd *w.." tin, liOn 3m4difir. #wp'nke atwitys ini

PixiuWs "1111 efukl Wa' d willingrI~np to en.it WSO rhny L111SOO rvtwifttd b r LoopsOifta thew' 1Vf)~' *he$ Vx~rAnrd In thy' t-t! i- wf-- ujuiaI Ily u whr ir~lt noU1010%.h b"uI iksnie 1-tis R rhvt tl.tu With thei it,~ Mnt1 d.-, !!V~"'I!t i atwrmpi-

L'g ~,d~hia ~inar .nwr~ney. The froni-ietjhe v' thcrrflta'e Pulwtw~hat

in ectstramt with Vhec d~rrejiqrijo., "titmat of the rapnildaihts of the Nov'rret mo~dier

ireqtwnistv bct~rdrl. f'a higr.t reomn~a~ndr.(#ve ' it je an b exwd, bacx! on thi lHorin obw.rvAtiona. tmat our PMC~ at tht

kmwet level~ have it muri loviter adaplalbity 6: Sa~u.-'ti" to 101VI-IF trk-cntA under

rambat Prornd'-tJiml than our priw' exjwrimftr !:a the twit Wor'd War% imght Itave kedus io belw'me Therm ie a wolid baiw of gp'~d wai w~i~uttsis 0-A-VMrP 1 Aitnerim 901diev

which eui be uwd to gretitcr advnagtr. in~ any future, aittnation, J mneanwhite the eduee atitmflhl pwcee'e. of the Army ran maizud In this cZL-vctinm.

SOI POR COAUTIOW TRAM MLAT

The 7th (Cavs~ry Rroirwrit rAeot ma 190? anid Pir ai principkltmueriungrelations with an attzihed aLlhed force it. dvahrx wiui the GmeeL Expetlintuary Yom.

well Itr-td d-u-'mn tM'i iorvt.wd Ow*to. i ti ide". am~ ett fuMf?.m,%WtoZ£t~esv mF jijhy t eraimimn w ~ the c,,Nk ix wvll worth rqwatmr.s (ivi the beneit4 d all.

* Wrtmerwcr piiWiIe. mnale the attachtnent on R wm-jwrmv.ejlt baulis ro thattbe sruea)ier unit will fre.! itmilI part e! t~wk* ~ mvw~ on ther -.bn a mMrpialld

e Sensd iPtinn !z'd vri~t!!!mn tf-rm at ance to the new =mit to dennn'strsteArnerivan vr-Iii'Thm. o tit.' etc.

* 1'ruvide the sazrne type Pupparti"a w~panpo ts xo- '~ei.ltid wilt We 'Ive it equlvs-..iant firei power.

0 Treat tbemn *A equAls at all ti~nu In w-ot. =L~.*.ni' an w-!l as In givinhgsupport.

e Enoourage. aawd pmli~PA in' obw- vatorz of national customs and oeltm..

0 "kxxxxt in prixAl'r.iJIg iw 14tw pne-ulax Wo tiwir tAuiT.a! diet. (for tb.(.Irrwka it wr'A retsifl, hpg, zpivii.I (S~erk "r~U, extra nMACArnn, tet.).

9V17nti- rmnphtiwtizrg O- h"igh quality a, youtr own unit, mxake It c!arar that tho

at'.5Nhr-n&D is txri*ieted to be just %@ gnod.

BIE8SI AvALABLECO 137

I * BSpa-m Crn!4vist~ unim' heOw amin absolutely cearu; on the Or,' ecw oni W9h

0 suzrrs eatff visits. H~e quir~k Witt. ptUýM of any rwtew', 110th to Whj ~~OllW4Ud.T uanti U.i the. LTOOPS.

V P~vto tn aLrAc'e~nt with, two Americans oflfeimiu who vp*ski 1101t lAiVU&P,f tttir mp-zat&)"nol snd r'fne f ir ttif~t uimiI;,tuaLra'.oui Pi&'i itupzIh . Provide 011halbI

A!.w;katnawhrc. i.-k Ihe, lartguageI t.o ijuLa:Ii tim I&Wlamort ii the k.orhi-rnut asnotat ind mt , finni1nthiit tit It-ftst nis 'iihimust A~ura.nro toffiuvr inI t'b

a 6,-dr jut inform.ait~ions progrimn withiie tIho JkgItnezl to, 1PUAI- Up thf, AtarDWnt atiboris As~e,-v-,Qi troop.; 'his 6- tmwdisd pairtiularly pricir to tb.- Unav when thu,

0 j-7tO,'*! Libelir Ouu'uuaing Oombst, momm.u IWOOMfl5 io O is.wmaw vianua'-~~ that. tppluna @4.uhero ain Uie regiummt.

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COBTNORITOL-~

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fa bef heliL-m eyn oxmti ujc i etfriit h io ftoottin ukslitl dft-ene COMyBAlunvrnth phyipilC)tPJ'm use4paTiNig

-n FORKV hk in11 h~Ogl n vnettuiALvly sln ote r_4aar =ttedsusir.imri~gvli iltTyHEpw Mr oNA 'f thewMArniti

i&mng the vj_'. ;tiq u diy hent a cii e' tow reartl u ti ie bi~l rsrooitique', ardiet flu, w r ? dorTaito k inacute y sorpt ong as I thooiM utj IV 911 pli foi'ine't I i 'h rigor bc eOf its uitua-blheir, t tupon lthle vldityrv of fte owiUev bui t 'rca the A PtiIW tt liedlidithiOfIlay f$Y th'and ill given partA ofnee thoroArmy fi and tvez Minithmautwaliy, ofloe thr r-eyA wmyi.rinwara tzin theml disnasuonIal peroh'sagm The ini wriiar pupse. N- a of taih that e shoun~ldnbee fed evebithing rimd u4rmir' nor wrm durig te~ inomtriasaecn&M puelra which &~~mOcuppoeod Wrtimiio h~i m~u til se, ringi. &d ~er saidt1tw Ior not tri4eft'i h im o tu~trigh onawtvw~r *the linzacrl area a intirfires. in he tomo brryin cirndr,tin Ti* ~d iruns AUt$ig4 &)C-inthe tp~o nhcther asidieonce to evr heti ntery ma of On- fir~krgut ito ge tlw dne

heanzi Ijn toe Ixaloidit on the hatl-if-14 bhut d b ncuqetI Prwa te den Cy 0L-ftt4;t* ~ ~ "C -hl plmn ite iphets fofluAr y tnt~eChe i nngp rid Th ntnimn mi'w'fturi' Amotiele ioldipro..

* .. i isep, iowded to mik eohi toe soldiie'ra and '.borAt we'Indiiuitl andf~ ha m o qutr 11igh :4

r:?iae'Jn- fAn nLAke AD i'ad C!AiM tO ffilifelnLq uielil they aere pointed ma~iny foward givinS

71 , 4 7;

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An~y othf or~ !A not onlJy tedivr-rt theAryUa44vfo iminPrxebuvi stunt !ndividurd Kmwiý, by d ki ih # of ttw ermvivrtwin that 1-1a figbt.~n

*rid his n#!)ew are a4T ronta'H 1) thewat obliqufl upproke'mukiW tho trft LTFidg tWk

* eannot aff'nrd othe'r th= w sto.nt on the wold gr'tmind Clint. ts tha' m;n jxi ifmo-lit the W!eehnique !p !nh 0-r~r~ vf Repu14-- he" bc~eom- -1w ths.-I ou- oneof R11 worthe-F~t tti('. J41J.'I nv ~'etoiti mtm ivi ý1r'. 7

tbk li will iti 0wt pmw.~ to, Z.- i~rnh. ci his rnaturib) cap4iL1iuti gow ia ap,-rvc~.I.Jcz0;Qi which 1ic !- awom- "a defend.

T;r- 1i Ye of mzns', 1i-Urp,0;;d Arnerieuin atte4t that tmuidng in ml~lit~rv dutit-nlidzvo it a p~njrt4- t.- Pv4'r.'uvi w-vf in tz eI~r w of nvaiomzJ f&.

The in'~in Clip tý,~omurhly goodl %oldirr wv7M che witJh t~he mkiug of Ore s3c"I

florn wljcUi. iiv mtiivy, estahhAh"M~t, 1 thoi AmTy bAN *()uprt~ 0) -n.fL&. 0-i sf-lhi wuphiii~, i 411.0 --tn from the pri.nA'.? of eftlernihip in the hcqxv iisiwtgterwd'z..-vv m-its, T~ x%ýrý iat' zi norr frvutul oi m.adt than w.- othr atteptto cL-,p4 the greater irom ti lhe nwer.

NWLthe USE nem tcd-14; grztzet wat. Ile now A-rm. fo-mvd nhortly them.-0ia a &Vl of vomiug "(I~ Inexpierienccd mix #ii, " ra-nknR.,:1houih the gr"tkatman'urjty

of thf, ofiocr erfu w"~ e-ithr cr~hoi4or hn-.1 o~yrwrmed in suppnr*. of cnznbgt.T he rrmin Ganti h~ thtere Would b-- a einrry-over of p'pfcieil §tic knowlfidge trom thertnrtimp army wo i~u mlcez~iv lay in the po~hiiity that the Army would eonp'it~ut

n, eo(-mht rchtool ii. ,'hith bwtthVtqwicn;,d lei'.dera reiewed their own warprnft..;am, 1--nmra, rndrjnfiak.- !or tht- benrift cf gm-v rzmnks sud ~ref.4w;d their own

~Id of Elie ars t oT il~fnd, TMia wzz not donec: tho oppo~rtunity was miw",*.~~ armrt fnnzri thno--me ulcoh whdIc eon btr JniTvtotefr.hn'r IzaJ'ixg 14, the

* ofr,,r corn,, tP r d the, ilfor m.ion .-.vin~) Army weretf aptcda -tO- "IFt I fr-'TTn the vtntR WVtXr'-?, f!j S hnd conic~ no6p m-1al valueo 0,- bý ft iwred on'f -irmitohtd townrd the ;irefit J4 thc- geril tct~aAsh-=x Of the mri~ttrinin jrm~i!-d jy thf- Arrmy'p I N; I: Divioior., aproxinio1t#'*y 00prermi-t w.rwm nltopet~hrr 1-tr t-ntiv tt. the Armyv'm r-W' nciic-Mm.tnt and fUlt-Ur fIFIt.1ng

~"~gand d~iwet upr'n trtpim wluoh milill, htiVr ix'tn nf rqual int-er"t, clr ineoniw.qie4"T to t1he 4sflitz'm wh.- wwi nvver ~driw6d to pwit --)n *ý P.oldwtu s~uiit.

Whether this outrourinf. ofI itmlf, rither belped or hurt i-hp iverar~ fighivr WOOWent Ilntn Forra in not. sub..t to orn wrtent rwoof. 'Khm, mo~i~rr jnnaiiillvI t-hstt It

Ai~t:~~jpricflc~onalinfomtr-ation whifth rni-At have lvtz.er eomrvid the Arm~y's

Wex budgrct, an lwtist -~ 1y proc 'M dsevotd inundy te dihe wmmx Q hiiCL. C-omha"men in th6 Korean 1heater blamp the Army for t~his Iatpu%. lisving lcal~rnf'i thew hardýje1y thr-t thc indoe'riu1c which t~bc~r i~cc~vcd w~a not in tht m~ riu ~ to -

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NON t~tý KT I kýc!1Im Apt

the moijitr a be-ttr e4',.ne for wurvi'-A~ AftA nhg1tr ^-ewrr On. t~qL'~~n r~t ~ v w~rth~,i cn. T~~t :h ty Uit ~re wsts w~*tu

in Iseture'm toward which Lhev felt r-, Prl if? lt za - 4' wiw" UFmv in- !ir .orth

:- PMz cj~our m. istbelieved Uptw bc S'rcmn.t* 0' pws wanlv W. f rid oprat~mv in

IKoremtwr rft'jmn 4)fcrna.&tc upahsionx exprrws'sd Irer1t~itntly by Vtrrwwpo i!4 t!.- C'-*uiw o

Ipe udA±-rz who wmnru ;rt ! xltcp.

(krnt (Oer, even smndr ;rwzW poainwettorw amditioino. wifl a1way- 1* quikemncdby cochst dmewww~un. Ir'ndw't-intionor. lof s Iirdtmnt emdip hev Iw Uhtz'rI b Wj

trtm wv pana.A anfd Lncwirs'.r Of huf3 rr%:tre-*rv'. Wh.?t the c'onkpwxy to3 otunJZd

witiain, wr.pn it se&,1rvco a 1"et h (4 Or7r1W'sk'"In! m~~l~ the-ALt-W it- Irr&M have

ftwtered tiP pT'fi,0!iv"^A# O&Ak %nd the MEUD (sets a com t nto atsnd to,~etier In

do- iftumt, )f NP11?~try, thp etic~, and irttiviclua daty. Sharor q~t~. - ot

it - 4 e ci tlt z. of pub!W amwy.

A ra: Iion o' the I i"4ui War is thlat withdiv the mht-r! rpot M jiil r warm Pvea

01meft 6i.mr'r. a~.; '-Op who hnld m*_on -a!Jtt! cvi h~mpieIr WerMi War !I ht:

b ~ n e r w _ - ý i ri -ý ! h o w ttd : ag ' A w r rr d o n e . 11 v ti r r v a r v a t tte~ k gm j kr

It i* mmvrused that at- Armyv cmsrrm an Irszrardin&,y La~zdiktp, comj'avcd toother wh-r!t. mnt't in mnnvw ...'?~t~~ itt. zro-ip k-Morration

Prnryamn ji tro 1w iwtrtd!k-t ýn mrilitprY -h:-tr.Lbrat dZU ~f 1'I ~~j~

!i'~w ~'rIn rI.w.e (eenu.~t R--!., w:', rw twopL. it in the mt.Ltral tore,,t !orevery crik pet reformi I Iolw -A- P.

gmiO)pai. 'rhj- Mptrijie toby mm -. ?wni&( retmtri'v mrn,!I bodyr, ean ecorditoo

it . ~n ma fit winth Wnmr rl~ froi45t1m tbh. jw-IV 8n fir~ng iticI enables Itsehhf~impofl in theC ~gi tio mmký_ 1"M', NTr~ tvmrn t~zf -pnf tt Iirw ts-le

by (hr r:. !'i mm. awl !h.- bte-n CA1 t~ l, d~ waq", sp th !(*4r". ~yItre~mfl in tlip hour t~Iutt thip is dm--. qt!ý Army 6 tindi- mv~ck In ft he~i

p:Lrpd for tLhe remliatte of 4hp e4o:..J4d twtwi.

71ir Ar...Y wouild 1w " burntin If it rd., not chrfe ,nn4i- tl.:iv croamirs.

Tiit i must. -non nu.. w. Pftaf' 0 h~ mlo the wtpwer.t p.-,fHemnr of kae! ingsrunp Ove a' ý ,.a Akwiy v~ittiln a drn'-,rw. Theirt to rim. I ý- pm-0Ki

jnt !'Mod to f h.- Imr of iartlun- rlir~iflf the Arnripqna etojwr t hbter, throughbettpsr of (4 u x0_¶~ k%! wat their, the knrry vwo'A at It-At &i~rngtben

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us~wO A IMP Ol Ar* i r'm ~Ivi-1 r i'ul. ? i* 410 OH Oi ln -14% PwN-p A d' ltule t lh A tray vtr) j t ols~ isgnw~

bw4t br~.tiiXh forwitud is not. ha vitW.

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Infantry Operations and Weapons Usage in Korea, Winter of 1950-51

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Transcript of Infantry Operations and Weapons Usage in Korea, Winter of 1950-51