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Industry and Family7th SemesterMuammad AzkarAamir HussainMuhammad WaqasUsman AnsariAmer Zaffar

Presentation Objectives:IntroductionWhat is familyWhat is industryThe pre-industrial family.The industrial family.The post-modern family.The influence of industry on familyPositive as well as negative impact

FAMILY AND INDUSTRY

IntroductionThe Industrial Revolution effected every part of life and is considered to be a mixed blessing; good and bad. Negative Outcomes

1. Health Problems

2. Pollution

Positive Outcomes

1. Consume goods

2. Plenty of jobs

Family

Definitions of Family

A group consisting of two parents and their children living together as a unit.

Definitions of Industry 1.Industry refers to that sector of economy which is related with manufacturing and production of different products

2. A systematic labor especially for some useful purpose or the creation of something of value3. A distinct group of productive or profit-making enterprises

Hunter-Gatherer FamiliesMen were hunters and tool makers left for days to capture large animalsWomen were responsible for gathering fruits, nuts, grains & herbs, as well as nurturing young children

ContWomen were critical to family supplied 2/3 of or more of calories consumedBoth men and women had high status within familyFamilies were originally loosely formed, then relationship between one man and woman became the norm

Agricultural Families11 000 years ago,Domesticated animals and grew plants, so families were able to live in more permanent placesDue to need for help with labor, families became larger as people had more kids to help

ContChildren were considered economic assetFamilies became highly organizedMonogamous relationshipPatriarchal family structure

Pre-Industrial FamiliesEarly Europeans who migrated to Canada came from society different form Canadas agricultural onePopulation increase meant families outgrew landFamilies without land moved into cities and towns became tradesmen

ContFamilies consisted of father (head), mother and children, plus any domestic servants and apprentices who were learning a trade from fatherFamilies also most often lived with extended family

ContRomantic love was not the basis for marriage; married out of necessityChild labor - less than 50% reached adulthoodFewer children than agricultural familiesSpousal abuse and child abuse

Urban Industrial FamiliesEarly 19th centuryShift towards factory productionMother = sacred role, nurturer; supported by husbandMen = $ earnerLess need for children to work in factoriesCompulsory education in 1871

ContChild labor outlawed in mide-1880sAt this point, notion of childhood as age of innocence bornFor many families, women still had to work in factories to earn enough moneyBy beginning of 20th century, only 5% of women worked outside home

ContCouples began to have less children because they could not afford them

Modern Consumer Family1940sWomens role wife and motherFathers role breadwinnerAdolescence emerged because of extended schoolingBirth rate rose post war (1946-1967)Average of 4 children per family

Contemporary FamilySignificant changes in past 50 years60s & 70s women re-entered workforceWomens rightsDivorce more commonCommon-lawBlended families, dual income families

Influences of Industry on the Family The influence of Industry on family life may take a direct and indirect form.In the direct form, the circumstances and attitudes associated with a certain kind of occupation affect circumstances and attitudes in the spheres of life.In the indirect form, the association between occupation and family is mediated through social class

Mediate: to talk to two separate people or groups involved in a disagreement to try to help them to agree or find a solution to their problems:

24Husband-Wife RolesDirectly or indirectly, helps to shape the roles which are played in the family, as well as the relationships between these rolesAt the upper level of society, the role of husband in the family have little relationship to his role at work and there may be little carry-over of the prestige and authority gained at work into family life.In the middle class of society, the financial standing and status of the family is more dependent on the occupation of the husband.After Direct and Indirect:Ingeneral, family and work spheres have become increasingly differentiated due to specialization of work roles in society. However when we look more closely at the degree of integration of work and family at various socio-economic levels we see particular differences. uPPer level of society: work commitments tend to minimize the ammount of time and energy which the husband can devote into his family, which becomes a subordinate part of his life.Middle classs: but to extent that he follows a technichally complicated occupation which is incomprehansible to his family, his wife cannot identified strongly his work. The middle class husbands role in the family cluster around the mother and her children.

Prestige: respect and admiration given to someone or something, usually because of a reputation for high quality, success or social influence:25ContinuedThe working class husbands occupation gives neither high income nor status in society at large. In communities where it is traditional for the husband only to work the separation of occupational and family life is almost complete.In working class families, where the wife also goes out to work, the additional income is often used to make the home more comfortable place to stay in, and husbands more dependent family role may approximate that of the middle-class husband.

Working class husband: in communities where it is traditional for the husband only to work the separation of occupational and family life is almost complete.26continuedBlood and Wolfe characterized the main role of wife in relation to her husbands occupation as collaborative, supportive.Farm wives much more often than urban wives collaborated with their husbands jobs.The wives of white-collar workers most often thought they helped their husbands by giving encouragement, considerateness or entertainment(supportive), While the wives of blue-collar workers either contributed only housework or nothing(peripheral).Blue Collar:Blue-collar workers perform labor jobs and typically work with their hands. The skills necessary for blue-collar work vary by occupation. Some blue-collar occupations require highly skilled personnel who are formally trained and certified. These workers include aircraft mechanics, plumbers, electricians and structural workers. Many blue-collar employers hire unskilled and low-skilled workers to perform simple tasks such as cleaning, maintenance and assembly line work.White Collar:White-collar workers usually perform job duties in an office setting. They are highly skilled and formally trained professionals. Many white-collar workers, such as accountants, bankers, attorneys and real estate agents, provide professional services to clients. Other white-collar workers, such as engineers and architects, provide services to businesses, corporations and government agencies.

27Positive and Negative Effects of Industry on Family

Positive Effects of Industry on Family

1. Increased number of goods.2. Increased diversity of goods produced.3. Migration of villagers to work in cities.4. Development and growth of new socio-economic classes5. Commitment to research and development6. Investment in new technologies.

Continued7.Industrial and Governmental interests in promoting invention, the sciences, and overall industrial growth.8.Machines are invented which replace human labor.9.New energy sources are develop to power the new machinery Water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene)10. Increased use of metals and minerals. Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.11. Transportation improved i. Ships Wooden ships Iron Ships Steel Ships Wind Powered sails Steam- powered boilers ii. Trains iii. Automobiles12. Communication Improved i. Telegraph ii. Telephone iii. Radio13. Faster methods of production14. Workers concentrated in a set location15. Industries brought machinery to farms. 16. Industry creates many new jobs.

Negative Effects of Factory on Family

1. Factories are dirty, unsafe, and dangerous.2. Factory bosses exercised harsh discipline3. Factory workers were overworked and underpaid.4. Urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size due to migration to cities.5. Cities lacked sanitary codes or building controls.

Negative Effects of Factory on Family6. Housing, water, and social services were scarce7. Child and women workers earned 10% of an adult wage, worked long hours in dangerous conditions, were often beaten.8. Factory jobs for women required long hours away from their children and could leave women crippled, sick, or deformed.9. Women were paid or of a mans salary.

10. Many families shared cramped apartments that lacked running water or sanitation11. Hard factory jobs and disease led to short life expectancies for urban workers. 12. Rise in class tensions13. Unsanitary living conditions14. Air pollutions15. Water pollutions

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