Industrialization of Industrialization of Russia & JapanRussia & Japan

Chapter 27Chapter 27

JapanJapan

1600-1700s successful at keeping 1600-1700s successful at keeping Europe outEurope out– Highly ethnocentric and isolationistHighly ethnocentric and isolationist– Citizens were not allowed to travel Citizens were not allowed to travel

abroadabroad 1800s IR made Europe & US so 1800s IR made Europe & US so

powerful and crazed for markets they powerful and crazed for markets they felt they couldn’t keep them outfelt they couldn’t keep them out

JapanJapan

1853 1853 Commodore Matthew PerryCommodore Matthew Perry (US) arrived on a steamboat(US) arrived on a steamboat– Realized their isolationRealized their isolation not to be able to not to be able to

compete economically and militarilycompete economically and militarily Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)—US favored Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)—US favored

– Caused the Nationalist to get madCaused the Nationalist to get mad– BUT organized (not like China) and the BUT organized (not like China) and the

samurai revolted against the shogun and samurai revolted against the shogun and restored the restored the Emperor MeijiEmperor Meiji

JapanJapan Meiji Restoration—Shogun Out, Emperor In, Meiji Restoration—Shogun Out, Emperor In,

Westerners OutWesterners Out– Japanese WesternizationJapanese Westernization

Metric system, clocks, calendar, Metric system, clocks, calendar, fashions NOT religionfashions NOT religion

– Emerged a world powerEmerged a world power– Building RRs and steamshipsBuilding RRs and steamships– 1876 samurai class abolished and 1876 samurai class abolished and

universal military service was establisheduniversal military service was established– 1890s able to reduce European & US 1890s able to reduce European & US

influenceinfluence

JapanJapan Meiji Imperial VictoriesMeiji Imperial Victories

– 1895 defeat China for control of Korea 1895 defeat China for control of Korea and Taiwanand Taiwan

– 1904 Russo-Japanese War kicked Russia 1904 Russo-Japanese War kicked Russia out of Manchuria and established its out of Manchuria and established its own sphere of influence thereown sphere of influence there

– NOW an IMPERIAL PowerNOW an IMPERIAL Power

C/C Industrial Revolution in C/C Industrial Revolution in Europe and JapanEurope and Japan

Japan’s was faster (a few decades to Japan’s was faster (a few decades to Europe’s century)Europe’s century)

Japan didn’t have to invent, but Japan didn’t have to invent, but implementimplement

Similar that private corporations rose up Similar that private corporations rose up (Ex. Mitsubishi family became wealthy)(Ex. Mitsubishi family became wealthy)– Built factoriesBuilt factories– UrbanizedUrbanized– reformsreforms

RussiaRussia

1800s Russia consolidated power 1800s Russia consolidated power over its territory w/absolute power in over its territory w/absolute power in the Romanov’s handsthe Romanov’s hands

Most citizens were serfs with no Most citizens were serfs with no rights—living slave-like existencerights—living slave-like existence

Used secret police to squash Used secret police to squash rebellions and wanted reformsrebellions and wanted reforms

Russia ReformsRussia Reforms 1860s Alexander II started reforms 1860s Alexander II started reforms

inspired by the Enlightenmentinspired by the Enlightenment– Emancipation Edict—abolished serfdom, Emancipation Edict—abolished serfdom,

but didn’t help b/c serfs had small but didn’t help b/c serfs had small amounts of land and owed the amounts of land and owed the government $$ so difficult to make government $$ so difficult to make improvementsimprovements

– Some went to the cities to work in the Some went to the cities to work in the factoriesfactories

– Built the trans-Siberia RR & major steel Built the trans-Siberia RR & major steel industryindustry

RussiaRussia Late 1800s small middle class grewLate 1800s small middle class grew Arts flourishedArts flourished

– Anna Karenina, War & PeaceAnna Karenina, War & Peace– Swan Lake, NutcrackerSwan Lake, Nutcracker

Alexander II assassinated by a political Alexander II assassinated by a political group called The People’s Willgroup called The People’s Will

Alexander III installed Russification—Alexander III installed Russification—Cyrillic & Orthodox religionCyrillic & Orthodox religion– Persecuted the Jews and others that Persecuted the Jews and others that

didn’tdidn’t– Terrible factory conditionsTerrible factory conditions

RussiaRussia Nicholas II (1894-1917)Nicholas II (1894-1917)

– Socialist began to organizedSocialist began to organized– Defeated by Japan in 1904Defeated by Japan in 1904– Bloody Sunday 1905—moderates march Bloody Sunday 1905—moderates march

on the czar’s palace in protest in order on the czar’s palace in protest in order to reformto reform Troops fired on protestorsTroops fired on protestors Resentment of the working classResentment of the working class

– 1906 appointed Prime Minister and 1906 appointed Prime Minister and created a parliament, Duma, but created a parliament, Duma, but disbanned when critical of himdisbanned when critical of him